动词复习
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课件87张PPT。中考英语复习方案
语法部分第一篇 词法
八、 动词复习要点
知识概要
表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。
① 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。
② 语态：主动语态与被动语态。
③ 助动词和情态动词。
④ 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。动词的分类难点链接1、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类2.根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、短语动词、动词短语
常见的短语动词和动词短语如下
A)动词+ 介词
agree with同意......的意见(想法)；符合listen to听get to到达fall off (从......)掉下help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) knock at /on敲(门、窗)laugh at嘲笑learn ... from ...向......学习live on继续存在；靠......生look after照顾，照看look at看look for寻找look like看起来像pay for (sth.)付钱；支付point at指示；指向point to指向prefer… to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢quarrel with (和某人)吵架regard ... as ...把......当作......；当作stop ... from阻止......做......talk about说话；谈话；谈论talk with与......交谈think about考虑think of认为；想起
B)动词+ 副词
ask for请求；询问cut down砍倒clean up清除；收拾干净come down下来；落come along来；随同come in进来come on来吧；跟着来；赶快come out出来；出现；(花)开；发(芽)come over过来；顺便来访eat up吃光；吃完fall behind落在......后面；输给别人fall down跌倒；从......落下find out查出(真相)get back回来；取回get down下来；落下；把......取下来
难点链接动词的分类get off下来；从......下来get on上(车)get up起床give up放弃go on继续go out出去go over过一遍；仔细检查grow up长大；成长hand in交上来hold on (口语)等一等； (打电话时)不挂断hurry up赶快look out留神；注意look over (仔细)检查look up向上看；抬头看pass on传递；转移到......pick up拾起；捡起put away放好；把......收起来put on穿上；戴上；put down把(某物)放下来put up挂起；举起run away流失；逃跑；逃走rush out冲出去set off出发；动身；启程send up发射；把......往上送shut down把......关上sit down坐下slow down减缓；减速take off脱掉(衣服)take out取出try on试穿(衣服、鞋等)；试戴(帽子等)try out试验；尝试turn down关小；调低turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等) turn over (使)翻过来wake up醒来wear out把......穿旧；磨坏work out算出；制订出write down写下......
C) be + 形容词+ 介词
be angry with生(某人)的气be interested in对......感兴趣be able to能；会be afraid of害怕be amazed at对......感到惊讶be excited about对......感到兴奋be filled with用......充满be full of充满......的be good at (= do well in )在......方面做得好；善于
动词的分类难点链接be late for迟到be made in在......生产或制造be made of由......组成；由......构成be pleased with对......感到满意be proud of以......自豪(高兴)be used for用于
D)动词+ 名词/ 代词
beg one's pardon请原谅；对不起do morning exercises做早操do one's homework做作业enjoy oneself (= have a good time)过得快乐；玩得愉快give a concert开音乐会go boating去划船go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行go skating去滑冰go shopping (去)买东西have a cold (患)感冒have a cough (患)咳嗽have a headache (患)头痛have a try尝试；努力have a look看一看have a rest休息have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐；坐下have sports进行体育活动have supper吃晚餐hear of听说hold a sports meeting举行运动会make a decision作出决定make a mistake犯错误make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸make friends交朋友make money赚钱take one's place坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学take photos照相take time花费(时间)take turns轮流watch TV看电视
动词的分类难点链接E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
catch up with赶上come up with找到；提出(答案、解决办法等)get on well with与......相处融洽give birth to生(孩子)help yourself / yourselves to自取；随便吃make room for给......腾出地方play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧speak highly of称赞say goodbye to告别；告辞take an active part in积极参加take care of照顾；照料；注意
F)其他类型
be awake醒着的be born出生be busy doing忙着做......come true实现do one's best尽最大努力fall asleep睡觉；入睡go home回家go on doing (sth.)继续做某事；尽力get married结婚get together相聚go straight along沿着......一直往前走had better (do)最好(做......)keep doing sth.一直做某事make sure确保；确认；查明make up one's mind下决心难点链接动词的分类3.动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）
4.根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：谓语动词（Finite Verb）、非谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）.例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。
说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。
动词的分类难点链接1）谓语动词2）非谓语动词5.动词有五种形态，分别是：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。 英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。难点链接（1）一般现在时的基本用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。 Good beginning is the half of success.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I don't want so much.
5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 o'clock.
6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. 动词的时态难点链接动词的时态（2）一般过去时的用法：
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year.
（3）一般将来时的用法
1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door?
4）be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近
或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 难点链接动词的时态（4）现在进行时的用法
1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。
What are you doing now?
I am looking for my key.
2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。
The students are preparing for the examination.
3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
【注意】表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，一般不用现在进行时。如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。难点链接动词的时态（5）现在完成时的用法
1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。
I have bought a bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom.
2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。
We have lived here since 1976.
They have waited for more than two hours.
【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）难点链接动词的时态（6）过去进行时的用法
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：
I was watching TV when she came to see me.
【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：
They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）
（7）过去完成时的用法
过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。
We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
（8）过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：I told him that I would see him off at the station.难点链接动词的语态一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken
一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall /be going to be＋spoken
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken
现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
过去将来时：would be +spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken
难点链接动词的语态三、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"情态动词＋be＋过去分词"构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
四、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（没有必要说明桥是谁修的）
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。难点链接动词的语态五、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
A tree was cut down by him.难点链接动词的语态（4）某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。
The children were taken good care of by her.
（ 5） 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
难点链接非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的种类
非谓语动词，顾名思义，即不能作句子的谓语用的动词，也称动词的非限定形式。主要分为动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和动名词四种，非谓语动词也有动词的特征，可有自己的状语和宾语。二、动词不定式
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加“to”和省to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语，宾语补足语、状语等成份。
1、动词不定式作主语。
To get an injection is a little painful.
To learn English well is a good thing.
注：（1）不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，还可用it作形式主语而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如
It takes me two hours to finish my English homework.
It’s difficult to learn English well.
(2)不定式作主语有两种特殊结构，一般认为是由for 或of引导其逻辑主语，如
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language.
It’s difficult for us to finish it on time.
It’s kind /good/nice of you to help me.
It’s clever /foolish/polite/careful/careless of you to do that.2、动词不定式作表语。
My job is to feed animals.
Our duty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy.
His wish is to become a singer.
3、动词不定式作宾语
He wants to borrow a book from me.
I hope to see my pen friend as soon as possible.
Children love to play games.
I found it difficult to get on with him.(it为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式)
注：不定式有时与疑问句where, how, what, which, when, who 等连用，作动词的宾语。如：
What to do
How to do it
Where to go
I don’t know When to set off
Which one to choose
Who to ask
He gave a talk on how to study English Well.
难点链接非谓语动词4、不定式作定语
Would you like something to drink /to read/to eat?
I have a lot of homework to do.
I have something important to tell you.
5、不定式作宾语补足语。分省“to”和加“to”两种。
I told him to do it himself.(加to)
He asked me to buy some oranges for him.（加to）
Ｗe didn’t expect him to be the winner.(加to)
I often saw him go to the cinema last year.(省to)
Please let the boy come in.（省to）
The boss makes the workers work ten hours a day.(省to)
注：感观动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel）和使役动词（have, let , make）后用省to不定式作宾补，但改成被动语态时，不定式前加to，宾语补语相应变成主语补语。
如；The workers are made to work ten hours a day.
6、作状语
They went to the shop to buy some school things.(目的状语)
My sister to young to go to school.（结果状语）
难点链接非谓语动词三、现在分词和过去分词
现在分词由动词加“ing”构成（构成方式略）表示主动或正在进行；过去分词由规则动词加“ed”或不规则变化，一般表示被动或动作已完成。分词主要起形容词和副词作用，可在句中作表语定语，状语、宾补等成份。
1、作表语
The news is exciting. The result is amazing
The window is broken. The door is locked.
2、作定语
Do you know the young man standing under the tree? The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt. I like to read books written by LuXun. She asked Grandma to put a bookmark in each of the borrowed books.
3、作状语
A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果)
They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”（伴随）
4、作宾补
I hear a girl singing in the next room.
I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
We had our pictures taken in the middle of the square.
难点链接非谓语动词四、动名词
在形式上，动名词与现在分词无法区别，但现在分词里一个动词性的形容词，而动名词则是一个动词性的名词，它具有名词的绝大多数特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补等成份。
1、作主语
Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）
Selling computers to foreign countries is his job.
Picking apples is much better than having classes.
注：动名词作主语可与表语对调位置；有时也可用it作形式主语，而将动名词放于句末。如：
His job is selling computers to foreign countries.（主语与表语可互换）
It’s no use complaining about others.
2、作表语
His job is feeding animals.
The only thing that I want to do is sleeping.难点链接非谓语动词3、作宾语，分为动词宾语与介词宾语两种。
Tom enjoys living in Beijing. Have you finished reading that novel?
Would you mind my opening the door. I often practice speaking English. Thank you for teaching us so well. What about going fishing tomorrow?
注：有些动词后加不定式和动名词作宾语有两种截然不同的含义。
如：go on to do sth．（接着做另一件事） go on doing sth．（继续做同一件事）
forget /remember to do sth．（记住或忘记去做某事，还未做）
forget /remember doing sth．（记住或忘记做过某事，事先已做过）
stop to do sth．（停下来做某事） stop doing sth．（停止做某事）
4、作定语
a swimming pool a sleeping car a reading room
注：现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的不同之处在于：现在分词相当于一个定语从句的作用，可改成定语从句，而动名词相当于一个名词作定语，说明被修饰词的类别、功能或性质，不可以改成定语从句。
The sleeping child=the child who is sleeping
The woman talking with my father is my English teacher.
=The woman who is talking with my father is my English teacher.
难点链接非谓语动词一.动词不定式
1.主语+decide(hope, agree, choose, wish, learn等）+to do sth.
2.主语+ask(tell, get, wish, like, want, teach, know等）+宾语+to do sth.
3.主语+be +happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready, nice, lucky,等）+to do sth.
4.主语+think(make, fine, feel,find等）+it +形容词（名词）+to do sth.
5....too+形容词（副词）+（for sb.)+to do sth.
...+形容词（副词）enough + to do sth.
6.It's+careful(clever, kind, good, right, wrong等）+of sb.+to do sth.
7.It takes sb.some time+to do sth.
8.疑问词+to do sth.
9.Why+(not)do sth.…, Would (Will)you please (not)do sth. 和 had better (not) do sth.
10.主语+feel(listen to/hear,let/make/have,see/watch/notice/look at/help)+宾语+do sth.（注意：hear,see等感觉动词常接doing sth.表示动作发生过程或强调和谓语动作同时发生。）
11.主语+like/love/hate/begin/start等+to do sth.(doing sth.)
12.主语+remember/forget to do sth. ? 主语+remember/forget doing sth. ???? 主语+stop to do sth. 主语+stop doing sth. ???? 主语+try to do sth. 主语+try doing sth. ? 难点链接非谓语动词主要句型归纳二.现在分词（动名词）
1.主语+enjoy/finish/mind/keep(on)/miss/feel等 +doing sth.
2.be busy (in)doing sth.???????? give up/can't help doing sth. ???????? thanks for/be used for/look forward to doing sth.
3.spend...(in)doing sth.????????? stop... from doing sth. ????????? keep/see/hear sb.doing sth.??(注意see, hear等词的这种用法与后面接动词不定式作宾补在意义是有区别的?)
?4.How (What) about doing sth.?
?5.stop doing sth.?? (停止做某事） ?????????? remember/forget doing sth.(记住/忘记曾做过的一件事) ?????????? try doing sth.(试一试，试试看）(注意它们和接动词不定式意义的区别）
6.like/love/hate/begin/start doing sth. 难点链接非谓语动词句型归纳容易混淆的常用动词的辨析难点链接(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。
He said he would go there. It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
2)speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。Do you speak English? May I speak to Mr. Pope, please?
3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可以接宾语。
What are you talking about? Mr. Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。
She told us an interesting story yesterday.
My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2) look, see, watch和read的用法。
1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。
Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?
2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。
They can‘t see the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?
3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。
The twins are watching TV now. He will go to watch a volleyball match.
4） read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。
Don‘t read in the sun. I like to read newspapers when I am free.难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析(3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。
1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
May I borrow your dictionary?
2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr. Li. Could you lend us your radio, please?
3) keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。
How long can the recorder be kept? The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book, please. May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?
2) take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. Mother took the little girl to the next room.
3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。
Do you always carry a handbag? The box is heavy. Can you carry it?
4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。
Please go to my office to get some chalk. There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析(5) wear, put on和dress的区别
1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。
Tom always wears black shoes. He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.
She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.
2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。
It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.
He put on his hat and went out of the room.
3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb. （给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.（穿着衣物）。
She always dresses well. Get up and dress quickly.
Mary is dressing her child.难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析(6) take, spend 和use的用法。
1) take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.
It took me three days to finish the work. It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.
2) spend指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：
Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.
She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.
He didn‘t spend much time on his lessons. He spent much time (in) correcting students’ exercises.
3) use表示使用工具、手段等。
Do you know how to use the computer? Shall we use your car?(7)reach, get 和arrive的区别。
1) reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
After the train had left, they reached the station
We reached the top of the mountain at last.
2) get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to，get to常用于口语中。
When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
My sister was cooking when mother got home.
3) arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。
The soldiers arrived at a small village
The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.容易混淆的常用动词的辨析难点链接英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则 英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数现在时（简称单三）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。1、单三形式变化规则（1）一般动词在词尾加- s, 在清辅音后读 /s / ,在浊辅音或元音后读 / z / ;在t后读/ ts /, 在d后读 / dz /。例如：help → helps ，swim → swims （2）以字母s, x, ch , sh 结尾的动词加- es, 读/ iz/ , 在d后读/ dz/.以o结尾的动词也加es，读/ z /。例如：guess → guesses，teach → teaches，go → goes（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，读/ z /。例如：
fly → flies carry → carries 注： be → is have → has 难点链接2. 动词- ing形式的构成：（1） 一般在动词末尾加-ing. 例如:go → going，ask → asking（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing. 例如:write → writing，close → closing，take → taking（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing. 例如：get → getting，sit → sitting，put → putting，run → running，begin → beginning 3. 规则动词过去式的构成（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.结尾是e 的动词直接加-d.例如:look → looked，play → played，live → lived，hope → hoped
（2）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed. 例如：stop → stopped，plan → planned，trip → tripped （3）结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed. 例如:study → studied，carry → carried 难点链接英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则(4)不规则动词过去式
常见的不规则动词的过去式有:am/is →was ,are →were, go →went, have → had, do → did, get → got, come → came, say → said, see → saw put → put, eat → ate, take → took等
详见课本后附录并熟记！
补： There be 结构“There is /are +某物 / 某人 +某地 / 某时”这样一种句型.句子中的is /are 和后面所跟的名词在数的方面必须一致。（1）肯定句There is (There’s) a train in the picture.（2）否定句There is not (isn’t) a picture on the wall .There are not (aren’t) any birds in the tree .（3）疑问句和简略答语Is there a girl under the tree? Yes ,there is . /No ,there is not(isn’t).
Are there any glasses on the table ? Yes, there are. / No, there are not （aren’t）
How many days are there in a week?There are seven.难点链接英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则正误辨析1.[误］ She laid down and soon fell asleep.
［正］ She lay down and soon fell asleep.
［析］ 考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下：
? lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词)
? lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词)
? lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying
2. ［误］ Please rise your hand.
? ［正］ Please raise your hand.
? ［析］ rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。
3. ［误］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.
? ［正］ I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.
? ［析］ like作为"喜欢"讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。? 但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me?? 再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词"像"讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。4. ［误］ Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?
? ［正］ Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?
? ［析］ hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同，look重于"看"的倾向，而see重于看见没看见。
5. ［误］ Did you watch some film recently?
? ［正］ Did you see some film recently?
? ［析］ 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。
6. ［误］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.
? ［正］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.
? ［析］ hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。
7. ［误］ How long can I borrow this book?
? ［正］ How long can I keep this book?
? ［析］ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?
正误辨析正误辨析8. ［误］ We have won your class.
? ［正］ We have beaten your class.
? ［析］ win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game.
9. ［误］ I left my key.
? ［正］ I forgot my key.
? ［正］ I left my key at home.
? ［析］ leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。
10. ［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
? ［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take the rain coat with you.
? ［析］ bring为“带来”如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take为“带走”，fetch为“去某处取什么回来”，如：Please fetch some coffee for us?? 要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如：? take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下?take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下?take one‘s place替代 take a look 看看 take turn 轮流? take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 ?take one's temperature 测量体温
正误辨析11.［误］ The policeman reached to his home.
? ［正］ The policeman reached his home.
? ［析］ reach作“到达”讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30?作为"到达"讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at＋较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有：? get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车? get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达? get ready for=be ready for ? get on well with 与人相处融洽? get 加比较级为变得如何，例如：? get colder and colder.
12.［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.
? ［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.
? ［析］ 英文中的"花费"有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dollars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.
13. ［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
? ［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.
? ［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.
? ［析］ 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。?
正误辨析14.［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.
? ［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.
? ［析］ 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.
15.［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?
? ［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?
? ［析］ begin与start均可指"开始"，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作为"旅途开始"讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.
?正误辨析16. ［误］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.
? ［正］ I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.
? ［析］ find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词"建立"，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded , 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
17.［误］ Please. Let's speak in English.
? ［正］ Please. Let's speak English.
? ［正］ Please. Let's talk in English.
18.［误］ Can you speak it English?
? ［正］ Can you say it in English?
? ［析］ 英文中“说”有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you. We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如： Tell the truth.
正误辨析19.［误］ Are you look for you book?
? ［正］ Are you looking for you book?
? ［析］ 此句含助动词are，且是主动语态，因此 look 的后面应该加ing。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有：
? ask for 请求 care for 关心 look for 寻找 wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款? search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备? thank somebody for something 为某事向某人道谢。
20. ［误］ Are you understanding it? Yes, I got it.
? ［正］ Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.
? ［析］ understand这一词没有进行时态，如同感观动词love、hate… I got it 是美语，即I understood it。要记住get 作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词，如：I'll get to the school at 8 a. m.? 初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下：? belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着?get to 到达 look forward to 期望?agree to 同意
21.［误］ The meat has become badly.
? ［正］ The meat has become bad.
? ［析］ 英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。正误辨析22. ［误］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.
? ［正］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.
? ［析］ 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时，则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。
23.［误］ I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.
? ［正］ I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.
? ［析］ 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：I should tell him when he came back.
24. ［误］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.
? ［正］ I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.
? ［析］ 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.
25.［误］ What did you do at eight last night?
? ［正］ What were you doing at eight last night?
? ［析］ 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday?
正误辨析26. ［误］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.
? ［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.
? ［析］ 现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时；如动作截止到过去，用过去完成时。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去)
27.［误］ I'm feeling well now.
? ［正］ I feel well now.
? ［析］ 瞬间动词有些无进行时态，它们是：?表示思维状态的词：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want? 表示感情的动词：care, like, love, mind, hate, fear? 表示状态的词：belong, own? 感观动词： feel, hear, see， smell, taste
28. ［误］ When have you done this work?
? ［正］ When did you do this work?
? ［析］ when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。
29.［误］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.
? ［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.
? ［析］ have gone to 是到某地去了，此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。
30. ［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
? ［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks.
? ［析］ 截止性动词有完成时态，但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun.? 但要讲When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 这样的用法还有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。?
I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。
? I joined the club two years ago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。
? I have been in this club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。
? My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。
? My father has been dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。
31. ［误］ Have you understood the lessons?
? ［正］ Do you understand the lessons?
? ［析］ 有些动词不能用完成时态，它们是understand, think, believe, know (知道)
正误辨析正误辨析32. ［误］ It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.
［误］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.
? ［析］ 在讲述过去的历史事件时，总要用过去时而不要用完成时，而且happen, break out, take place作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。
33. ［误］ When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an old friend.
? ［正］ When I was walking along the street， I happened to meet an old friend.
? ［析］ 在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中，某一突然事件发生，这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时)，而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时)，如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.
34. ［误］ Please buy a book for me.
? ［正］ Please buy me a book.
? ［正］ Please buy a book to me.
? ［析］ 在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间接宾语，如：Buy me a book中me是间接宾语，而a book是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置，其后应加to，如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.正误辨析
35.［误］ He was seen come into the book store.
? ［正］ He was seen to come into the book store.
? ［析］ 在主动语态中，有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果变为被动语态时，则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语，如： I saw him coming into the book store, 如变为被动语态时，则没有变化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.
36.［误］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well?
? ［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well?
? ［析］ 有些动词可以表示一种动作，但也可以用来表示某种性质，表示动作时可用被动语态，在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如：
? This book sells well. 这本书畅销。This car drives easily. 这车容易驾驶。
? These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服好洗。
? 在作上述表达时，不要用被动语态。
而要讲：
? This kind of book was sold out. (这种书卖完了)
? These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 这时要用被动语态，因为它描述的是具体动作。
?正误辨析37. ［误］ Is this book yours? Yes, It's.
? ［正］ Is this book yours? Yes, It is.
? ［析］ 在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式，而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式，如：No. It isn't.
38.［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.
? ［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.
? ［析］ have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might?? have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用I want to repair my bike myself.
39. ［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.
? ［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.
? ［析］ have与get的用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。相同之处，如：have something done, 也可用get something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something.但不同之处在于have somebody do something 在用get时则要用get somebody to do something。
40.［误］ I have to study on Saturday， but I haven't to study a full day。
［正］ I have to study on Saturday， but I don't have to study a full day.
? ［析］ have to 不得不，而don't have to 为其否定式。
正误辨析41. ［误］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
? ［正］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
? ［析］ must 加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测，而表示否定的推测则要用can't。
42. ［误］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he is able to read without glasses.
? ［正］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses.
? ［析］ can (could) 多用于表达客观的事实，主观能力，而be able to 则多用于表达主观的意愿。
43. ［误］ She doesn't answer the doorbell.? She should be asleep.
? ［正］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. ? She must be asleep。?
? ［析］ should 用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该"，如：You should do your homework right away. 而 must加动词原形表示一种推测。
44.［误］ Do you like to go with us?
? ［正］ Would you like to go with us?
? ［析］ Do you like…问的是习惯，如：Do you like swimming? 而would you like是一次性的邀请。
正误辨析45. ［误］ To play with the children are very interesting.
? ［正］ To play with the children is very interesting.
? ［析］ 不定式作主语时，应视为单数主语，特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时，如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如：To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.
46.［误］ He asked me do my homework alone.
? ［正］ He asked me to do my homework alone.
? ［析］ 某些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语，它们是：ask somebody to do something 要求某人做某事。 tell somebody to do something 告诉某人做某事 还有prepare 准备， decide 决定， happen to 碰巧， seem 似乎。
47.［误］ he told me to drive a car.
? ［正］ He told me how to drive a car.
? ［析］ 要学会疑问词加不定式的用法，特别要注意的是what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。如：I want to know what to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑问副词，不能作及物动词的宾语，而what是疑问代词，可做do的宾语，所以what to do 后不要加it。
正误辨析48.［误］ Tom is too young not to join the army.
? ［正］ Tom is too young to join the army.
? ［析］ 这是too…to的用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。
49.［误］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
? ［正］ I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
? ［析］ 在句中表示某动作的目的时，要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。
50.［误］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.
? ［正］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit on.
? ［析］ 当不定式作后置定语时，将不定式放于名词之后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则其后面的介词不要省略。如：I sat on the chair. 这样的用法还有：I want to find a room to live in. I want to find a pen to write with.
51.［误］ I am very glad meeting you.
? ［正］ I am very glad to meet you.
? ［析］ 许多形容词后加不定式，这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, ready, careful, surprised。
?正误辨析52. ［误］ This work is difficult to be done.
? ［正］ This work is difficult to do.
? ［析］ 在不定式作宾语时，下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。① 句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者，如：I have a lot of letters to write. ② 句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者，如：Could you find me a job to do? ③ 在形容词之后的不定式，如：English is difficult to learn.
53.［误］ Would you like to see a film with us?? Yes, I'd love.
? ［正］ Would you like to see a film with us?? Yes, I'd love to.
? ［析］ 在口语简答语中要将不定式符号保留，如：? I had to (不得不作) I'm going to (打算作) ? I'd love to (喜欢作) I hope to (希望作某事) I'll be glad to (高兴作)
54.［误］ Did you see someone to do this work for me?
? ［正］ Did you see someone do this work for me?
? ［析］ 在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice。
55. ［误］ He was seen prepare this car.
? ［正］ He was seen to prepare this car.
? ［析］ 在被动语态中要将主动语态句中省去的不定式还原回来。
56.［误］ Please let my child to try it again.
? ［正］ Please let my child try it again.
? ［析］ 在make, have, let后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
正误辨析57.［误］ When he heard the news he couldn't help to cry.
? ［正］ When he heard the news he couldn't help crying.
? ［析］ can't help+现在分词表示情不自禁作某事。
58.［误］ In autumn, the street is always covered with falling leaves.
? ［正］ In autumn, the street is always covered with fallen leaves.
? ［析］ 现在分词作定语有正在的含义，如：falling leave 正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallen leaves是落地的叶子。过去分词含有已经完成的意思。
59.［误］ Do you hear someone sing in the office?
? ［正］ Do you hear someone singing in the office?
? ［析］ 感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语，表达一个动作的全过程或已结束的动作，而用现在分词表示一个正在进行中的动作。
60. ［误］ I want to shop some food for supper.
? ［正］ I want to buy some food for supper.
? ［正］ I want to go shopping.
? ［析］ shop作买东西讲时，要用go shopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有：? go boating 划船 go sailing 航海 go skating 滑冰?go shooting 射击 go dancing 去跳舞 go fishing 钓鱼?go swimming 去游泳…… 不要用错，也不要改为其他形式，因为这是习惯用法。
正误辨析61.［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief came into the room.
? ［正］ I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room.
? ［析］ remember后接不定式是记着去做某事，即该动作并没有完成。而remember 后接动名词则表明该动作已经作完了。如： Do remember to turn off the light, before you leave. 即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯的动作并没有做。I remember meeting you somewhere. 我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相同用法还有forget。
62. ［误］ When I finished to do this work I would go to play football.
? ［正］ When I finished doing this work I would go to play football.
? ［析］ 在英语中有些动词后要接动名词作宾语。在初中范围主要有两个动词finish和enjoy, 千万不要与like相比。因为like作动词"喜欢"用时，其后接动名词表示习惯性动作，接不定式表示一次性特殊的动作，而would you like后面则一定要用不定式。
63. ［误］ When he finished his homework, he went on playing the football.
? ［正］ When he finished his homework, he went on to play football.
? ［析］ go on to do something 是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而go on doing something 是在做一件事的过程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。
64.［误］ He's busy to prepare his lessons.
? ［正］ He's busy preparing his lessons.
? ［析］ be busy 后加doing 而不能接不定式。
65. ［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom, they stopped to talk.
? ［正］ When the teacher came into the classroom. They stopped talking.
? ［析］ stop to do something 是停下来去做某事，而stop doing something 则是停止做某事。
66. ［误］ Why not to do it again?
? ［正］ Why not do it again?
? ［析］ Why not, you'd better 后接不带to的不定式，如：You'd better go.但要注意的是它的否定式是You'd better not go.正误辨析例题解析1? Mr. Zhang asked me ＿＿＿ the words again.
?A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。
2? You ＿＿＿ play on the road. It's dangerous.
?A. mustn't B. may C. can D. must
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ must 用于否定句表示禁止做某事。
3? Mr. Brown ＿＿＿ in Beijing since 1993.
?A. work B. works C. worked D. has worked
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 句中有since引导的时间状语，因此句中要用完成时态。
4? I ＿＿＿ a letter when my mother came in.
?A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. will write
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作，而写信是一个长动作，所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态，表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动作。
例题解析5? Can I ＿＿＿ a bike from him?
?A. lend B. return C. give D. borrow
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ borrow something from…为向某人某处借某物。而lend, return, give后面的介词应用to。
6? - Must I stay at home? - No, you ＿＿＿ .
?A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can not
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ needn't 为"没有必要必须做某事"，而mustn't为"禁止做"，can not为"不能做"。根据题意是：你不一定待在家里。
7? - How long have you ＿＿＿ here? - About two months.
?A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ have been here是个状态，可以与后面的长时间状语连接，而其他三个动词都是瞬间动词。
8? Stamps ＿＿＿ by people for sending letters.
?A. use B. using C. used D. are used
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 这里是被动语态，意为邮票被人们用来发信。
?9? The radio says Tianjin will be ＿＿＿ tomorrow.
?A. rains B. rain C. rained D. rainy
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ rainy为形容词作表语。
10? If you don't know this word, ＿＿＿ in the dictionary.
?A. look for it B. look at it C. look after it D. look it up
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ look up 查字典，与look有关的词组有：
look about 四周环视look after 照顾look around 周围，四处看look at 看look back 回顾look for 寻找look forward to 期待look out 当心look like 看上去像
11? My father told me ＿＿＿ play on the street.
?A. not B. to not C. not to D. did not
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 不定式的否定式是not to do something.
12? There is going to ＿＿＿ an English party this evening.
?A. be B. has C. have D. is
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ 这里是there be 无生命的"有"加助动词的句型，即there will be,而没有there have 的句型。
?例题解析13? There ＿＿＿ no bus stop here last year.
?A. is B. was C. are D. were
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ last year为去年，所以用过去时。而there be 句型的单复数要看be动词之后离之最近的名词是单数还是复数。如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
14? Our school will hold a sports meeting if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow.
?A. isn't rain B. rains C. won't rain D. doesn't rain
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 在状语从句中应用一般时态来表示将来。
15? Bikes mustn't ＿＿＿ everywhere.
?A. be put B. be putted C. put D. putting
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ 这里是被动语态。与put有关的词组如下：?
put away 放好 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 put out 扑灭 put down 放下
16? Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei ＿＿＿ Harbin.
?A. have been to B. has been to C. have gone to D. has gone to
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ has been to 是去过某处。
例题解析例题解析17? It's cold today you'd better ＿＿＿ more coats.
?A. put on B. take off C. to put on D. to take off
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ 'd better 其后加不带to的不定式，而put on 为"穿上"。
18? Henry ＿＿＿ a birthday card for Sam yesterday.
?A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. will buy
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 因句中的yesterday为表达过去的时间状语，所以应用过去时态。?
19? When I got to the factory, the workers ＿＿＿ about the filim.
?A. are talking B. talked C. were talking D. have talked
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 状语从句中所用的动词为过去时，则主句中也要与之呼应。而工人们在谈论电影为一长时间的动作，所以要用过去进行时。?
20? No hurry, please ＿＿＿ your time.
?A. take B. bring C. carry D. catch
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ take one's time 慢慢来别着急。?
21? I enjoy ＿＿＿ the light music.
?A. to listen to B. listening to C. hearing D. to hear
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ enjoy 与 finish其后只能接动名词作宾语补足语。?例题解析22? Please ＿＿＿ as soon as you get there.
?A. ring me up B. ring up me C. wake me up D. wake up me
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ ring up打电话，而wake up唤醒。英文中有很多动词词组如其宾语是代词时，一定要放在动词与介词之间。?
23? When I ＿＿＿ , I want to be a teacher.
?A. grows up B. grow up C. shall grow D. grew up
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ grow up 长大。而状语从句要用现在时表示将来，即使主句也用的是一般现在时，但它含有将来之意。
24? I called him and he ＿＿＿ to have a talk with me.
?A. stop B. stops C. stoped D. stopped
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 这是由and连接的两个并列句，所以时态应保持一致。?
25? - Would you please ＿＿＿ me an evaser, Lucy?
?- Certainly. Here you are.
?A. borrow B. lend C. borrowed D. lent
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ would you please其后接不带to的不定式即动词原形，而borrow为"借入"而lend为"借出"。
?26? Trees ＿＿＿ in spring.
?A. plant B. were planted C. should be planted D. should plant
? ［答案］ C.?
［析］ should用于一般现在时态中表示应该，而此句又是被动语态。
27? - Where‘s your father? - He ＿＿＿ to Paris.
?A. go B. goes C. went D. has gone
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ has gone 是已去某处了，不在这里了。所以强调过去的动作影响到现在。?
28? - Must I finish my homework in class now?
- No, you ＿＿＿ . You can do it at home.
?A. mustn't B. may not C. needn't D. can
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ needn't表示没有必要一定要这样做。由must提问，肯定句用must，否定句用needn't.?
29? Thank you very much for ＿＿＿ your book ＿＿＿ me.
?A. lending, to B. lent, to C. borrow, from D. borrowing,from
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ for是介词，要用动名词作介词宾语。
例题解析例题解析30? The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ＿＿＿ the earth away.
?A. blowingB. blowC. blowsD. to blow
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ stop…from doing something. 阻止某人或某物作某事。
31? The students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike, if it ＿＿＿ fine tomorrow.
?A. will beB. isC. shall beD. was
? ［答案］ B.
32? Our teacher always tells us ＿＿＿ in the street. It's too dangerous.
?A. don't playB. not to playC. to playD. not play
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ 不定式的否定式为not to do。?
33? English is a useful language. It ＿＿＿ widely in the world.
?A. is spokenB. was spokenC. can speakD. will speak
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ 本句为被动语态。
?例题解析34? - Look! What's Wang Ping doing over there?
?- She ＿＿＿ under a big tree.
?A. sings B. sang C. has sung D. is singing
? ［答案］ D.
35? You ＿＿＿ see a doctor. You've got a bad cold.
?A. will B. are going to C. had better D. could
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ had better 最好，意为一种真心的劝告。?
36? Your radio is too loud. Would you please ＿＿＿ ?
?A. turn down it B. turn it down
C. to turn down it D. to turn it down
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ would you please 后面加动词原形。?
37? Could you tell me if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow?
?A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ if从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。所以还是要用将来时，而不能用一般现在时表示将来。例题解析38? She doesn't know ＿＿＿ .
?A. when to do B. what to do C. how to do D. where to do
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ when, how, where均为疑问副词，而what为疑问代词，又因do是及物动词需要宾语。如用疑问副词时应为when to do it, how to do it, where to do it.
39? Must older people ＿＿＿ to politely.
?A. speak B. spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 这句话的主动语态应为People must speak politely to older people?对年龄较大的人讲话应有礼貌。?
40? Teachers usually ask their students ＿＿＿ loudly in class.
?A. to speak B. speak C. speaks D. spoke
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。?
41? - Where is Mr Zhang? - Look! He ＿＿＿ on a big machine over there.
?A. works B. worked C. is working D. has worked
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 由look, listen等词开始的句子一般要用现在进行时态。?42? He ＿＿＿ at this school since two years ago.
?A. was B. has been C. is D. will be
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ since引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。
43? Suddenly one of the bags ＿＿＿ the truck and landed in the middle of the road.
?A. fell out B. fell down C. fell off D. will be
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ fall off 掉落，与off有关的词组有? see off 送行 give off 散发 shut off 关闭 kick off 踢掉 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 jump off 跳下 show of 炫耀 take off 脱下 pay off 付清
44? It's not an important party, you needn't ＿＿＿ .
?A. pay for it B. wear it out C. try it out D. dress up for it
? ［答案］ D.? ［析］ pay for为某物，某人付款，wear out穿坏，磨破，而dress up梳妆打扮。
45? The kite is flying high in the sky. It ＿＿＿ a bird.
?A. looks at B. looks like C. looks for D. looks after
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ look like 像……，其中like 为介词。
例题解析例题解析46? There's a football match. Please ＿＿＿ the TV at once. Let's watch together.
?A. turn on B. take off C. turn off D. go on
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ turn on 打开。与turn有关的词组有： turn against 背叛 turn on 打开 turn +颜色 变为某种颜色 turn off 关闭 turn over 翻转 turn to 翻到某页 turn into 变为 turn up 向上翻
47? Please tell me where ＿＿＿ have our picnic tomorrow.
?A. we will B. will we C. will D. will you
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ where 引导的从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。
48? We ＿＿＿ English for three years already. And we can speak a little English now.
?A. learn B. have learned C. has learned D. will learn
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ for+表示一段长度的时间词，应与完成时相呼应。
49? At last, Lin Feng made the baby ＿＿＿ and begin to laugh.
?A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. to stop crying
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ make somebody do (or doing) something, stop doing 意为停止做某事。
?例题解析50? I hear there ＿＿＿ a sports meeting in our school next week.?
A. is going to have B. will have?C. is going to be D. are going to be
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 这是hear 的宾语从句是there be 句型。而且是用了be going to形式。
51? It's getting colder, Peter. You'd better ＿＿＿ this coat with you.
?A. bring B. carry C. take D. get
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ bring 带来，take 带走。
52? Our classroom is clean and tidy.?It ＿＿＿ every day.
?A. cleans B. is cleaning C. cleaned D. is cleaned
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 这里表达的是经常的一种状态，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。
53? If you are not careful in the street, a car may ＿＿＿ you.
?A. hurt B. hit C. run D. catch
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ hit撞上，碰上，击中
?例题解析54. I’m interested in animals, so I ________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay B. get C. take D. spend
答案：D。该题考查的是pay, get, take spend这四个动词的用法区别。在这四个动词中，只有spend常用于 “spend …ding sth.”的句型里，所以选D。
55.---Listen Helen is singing in the next room.
---It _________ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may D. should
答案：A。该题考查的是情态动词的用法。表示否定地推测通常用can’t。
56.---I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
---Oh, I am sorry I _________ dinner at my friend’s house.
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
答案：C。该题考查的是动词的时态。他们谈论的是昨天晚上某一时刻发生的事情，所以用过去进行时。57.---How long have you _______ the motorbike? ---For about two weeks.
A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent
答案：B。该题考查的是延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别。这四个动词中只有had 是延续性动词，它的现在完成时可以同表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
58? The farmers were busy ＿＿＿ ready for the next year.
?A. got B. getting C. to get D. get
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ be busy后应用动词的ing形式。
59? Our classroom must ＿＿＿ clean every day.
?A. keep B. to keep C. be kept D. to be kept
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 应为被动语态。例题解析课时训练单项填空
1. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let’s join them.
A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked
2. Our teacher, Miss Chen, ________English on the radio the day bore yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught
3. I don’t think I _________ you in that dress before.
A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see
4. Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive.
A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t
5. Coffee is ready. How nice it ________ ! Would you like some?
A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels
ABAAB6. “ Mr. Zhu, you’d better _______ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.
A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat
7. “Don’t always make Michael ________ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife.
A. do B. to do C. does D. did
8. Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. Will you please ________ your E-mail address? I’ll write it down.
A. review B. recite C. report D. repeat
9. Don’t ________ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch cold in spring.
A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out
10. You _______ go and ask Meimei. She _______ know the answer.
A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may
课时训练CADBD课时训练11. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It ________ 10 minutes ago.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left
12. I bought a new dictionary and it ________ me 30 yuan.
A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost
13. ---Mum, may I go out and play basketball?
---_______ you _______ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finishing D. Have; finished
14. I have to go now. Please remember to ________ the lights when you leave.
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
15. A talk on Chinese history ________ in the school next week.
A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
16. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better ________.
A. don’t go now B. stay here when it stops
C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at onceADDACC17. You may go fishing if your work ________.
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
18. Cotton _______ nice and soft.
A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels
19. ---Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick?
---John _________.
A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is
20. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______?
---No. She got up too late.
A. had she B. hadn’t she C. did she D. didn’t she
21. Our teacher,Miss Chen,_________English on the radio the day before yesterday.
A.teaches B.taught?C.will teach D.had taught
22. —Excuse me.Look at the sign NO PHOTOS!?
—Sorry,I_________it.?
A.don't see B.didn't see? C.haven't seen D.won't see
课时训练ADCCBB23.My mother_________the windows already,so the room looks much brighter.
A.has cleaned B.had cleane
C.is cleaning D.will clean
24.You_________to the meeting.Why didn't you go?
A.be invited B.will be invited?
C.were invited D.are invited
25. —When will you tell him the good news??
—I will tell him about it as soon as he_____back.
A.comes B.came?
C.will come D.is coming?
? ?
? ? 课时训练ACA26.Sorry,I____to help you at ten.I was busy at the momen?
A.won't come B.can't come?
C.didn't come D.shouldn't come?
27.He_______this pen for five years.He______it in 1997.?
A.has bought,bought. B.bought,bought?
C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought?
28.She_________apples in her garden when I_________to see her yesterday.?
A.picked，went B.was picking， went?
C.picked，was going D.was picking，was going?
29.I don 't know if my friend_________.If he _________,I'll let you know.?
A.comes,comes B.comes, will come?
C.will come,comes D.will come,will come?
30.John said he_________ supper.He was quite full.?
A.had had B.was having? C.had D.has eaten? 课时训练CDBCA31.There_________two meetings tomorrow afternoon.?
A.are going to be B.are going to have?
C.is going to be D.will have?
32.It______3 years since I______to No.1 Middle School.?
A.is,come B.is,have come?
C.was,came D.is,came?
33.Father_________when I _________yesterday morning.?
A.still slept,got up? B.was still sleeping,got up?
C.is sleeping,got up? D.sleeps,get up?
34.Kate_________to bed until her mother_________back.?
A.won't go,come B.hadn't gone came?
C.went,came D.didn't go,came?
35.His brother_________from home for a long time.?
A.has left B.has been away?
C.left D.will leave? 课时训练ADBDB课时训练36.It_________7 hours to go to Nanjing by train.?
A.takes B.is taking? C.has taken D.took?
37.—How much do you want??
—I think ten dollars_________ enough.?
A.is B.are? C.has been D.have been?
38.There'll be an important talk tomorrow morning.
_________ on time.?
A.Do come B.Don't come?
C.Do to come D.Not to come
39.Though we tried our best.We_________at last.?
A.won B.beat
? C.were won D.were beaten?
40.Why do you keep_________these new words??
A.forget B.forgetting?
C.to forget D.forgot? AAADB课时训练41.—Where‘s Mr Li?I have something unusual to tell him.?
—You ____ find him.He______Japan.
A.may not,has gone to?B.may not, has been to ?
C.can't，has gone to?D.can't, has been to?
42. —Could I look at your pictures??
—Yes,of course you _________.
A.could B.can? C.will D.might?
43.—Where is Jack，please??
—He______be in the classroom.
A.can B.need?C.would D.must
44.The boy said he had to speak English in class，but he___ speak it after class. ?
A.could B.didn't have to C.migh D.shouldn't
45.These books_________out of the reading room.You have to read,them here.
A.can't take?B.must be taken?
C.can take?D.mustn't be taken?
?
CBDBD课时训练46._________I open the window?It's hot here.?A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would?
47.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _________tell you.
A.may B.can? C.would D.could?
48._________you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might?
49.—_________I try out all the ideas??
—No,you _________.?
A.Must,mustn't B.Need,need?
C.Must,don't have to? D.Must,don't?
50._________I speak to Mr Green，please?
A.Will B.Could?C.Must D.Would? ?
? BABCB课时训练用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out _______ (ride) the waves.
2. ---What do you use the key for?
---It is ________ (use) for making the robot work.
3. No news _______ (be) good news. I’m sure Jane is still all right.
4. ---Are you feeling better these days?
---Yes, much better. I _______ (not feel) as well as these days for a long time.
5. It ________ (rain) heavily, you’d better not go out now.
6. The city of Xian _______ (become) cleaner and cleaner.
7. The boys enjoy _______ (see) fight films very much.
8. He left the room without _______ (say) goodbye.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China.
10. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school yard these years.
ridingusedishave not feltis rainingIs becomingseeingsayingIs grownhave been planted11.My brother isn't at home right now. He___________(go) toBeijing. He___________(be) there many tines. He _________(not be) back until next week.
12.When I got home,my mother__________(go)out for a walk.
13.He____________(finish)his composition just now.?
14.By the end of next month,all our lessons______________
(finish).?
15. ______she _____(do) morning exe
语法部分第一篇 词法
八、 动词复习要点
知识概要
表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。
① 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。
② 语态：主动语态与被动语态。
③ 助动词和情态动词。
④ 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。动词的分类难点链接1、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类2.根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、短语动词、动词短语
常见的短语动词和动词短语如下
A)动词+ 介词
agree with同意......的意见(想法)；符合listen to听get to到达fall off (从......)掉下help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) knock at /on敲(门、窗)laugh at嘲笑learn ... from ...向......学习live on继续存在；靠......生look after照顾，照看look at看look for寻找look like看起来像pay for (sth.)付钱；支付point at指示；指向point to指向prefer… to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢quarrel with (和某人)吵架regard ... as ...把......当作......；当作stop ... from阻止......做......talk about说话；谈话；谈论talk with与......交谈think about考虑think of认为；想起
B)动词+ 副词
ask for请求；询问cut down砍倒clean up清除；收拾干净come down下来；落come along来；随同come in进来come on来吧；跟着来；赶快come out出来；出现；(花)开；发(芽)come over过来；顺便来访eat up吃光；吃完fall behind落在......后面；输给别人fall down跌倒；从......落下find out查出(真相)get back回来；取回get down下来；落下；把......取下来
难点链接动词的分类get off下来；从......下来get on上(车)get up起床give up放弃go on继续go out出去go over过一遍；仔细检查grow up长大；成长hand in交上来hold on (口语)等一等； (打电话时)不挂断hurry up赶快look out留神；注意look over (仔细)检查look up向上看；抬头看pass on传递；转移到......pick up拾起；捡起put away放好；把......收起来put on穿上；戴上；put down把(某物)放下来put up挂起；举起run away流失；逃跑；逃走rush out冲出去set off出发；动身；启程send up发射；把......往上送shut down把......关上sit down坐下slow down减缓；减速take off脱掉(衣服)take out取出try on试穿(衣服、鞋等)；试戴(帽子等)try out试验；尝试turn down关小；调低turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等) turn over (使)翻过来wake up醒来wear out把......穿旧；磨坏work out算出；制订出write down写下......
C) be + 形容词+ 介词
be angry with生(某人)的气be interested in对......感兴趣be able to能；会be afraid of害怕be amazed at对......感到惊讶be excited about对......感到兴奋be filled with用......充满be full of充满......的be good at (= do well in )在......方面做得好；善于
动词的分类难点链接be late for迟到be made in在......生产或制造be made of由......组成；由......构成be pleased with对......感到满意be proud of以......自豪(高兴)be used for用于
D)动词+ 名词/ 代词
beg one's pardon请原谅；对不起do morning exercises做早操do one's homework做作业enjoy oneself (= have a good time)过得快乐；玩得愉快give a concert开音乐会go boating去划船go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行go skating去滑冰go shopping (去)买东西have a cold (患)感冒have a cough (患)咳嗽have a headache (患)头痛have a try尝试；努力have a look看一看have a rest休息have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐；坐下have sports进行体育活动have supper吃晚餐hear of听说hold a sports meeting举行运动会make a decision作出决定make a mistake犯错误make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸make friends交朋友make money赚钱take one's place坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学take photos照相take time花费(时间)take turns轮流watch TV看电视
动词的分类难点链接E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
catch up with赶上come up with找到；提出(答案、解决办法等)get on well with与......相处融洽give birth to生(孩子)help yourself / yourselves to自取；随便吃make room for给......腾出地方play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧speak highly of称赞say goodbye to告别；告辞take an active part in积极参加take care of照顾；照料；注意
F)其他类型
be awake醒着的be born出生be busy doing忙着做......come true实现do one's best尽最大努力fall asleep睡觉；入睡go home回家go on doing (sth.)继续做某事；尽力get married结婚get together相聚go straight along沿着......一直往前走had better (do)最好(做......)keep doing sth.一直做某事make sure确保；确认；查明make up one's mind下决心难点链接动词的分类3.动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）
4.根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：谓语动词（Finite Verb）、非谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）.例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。
说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。
动词的分类难点链接1）谓语动词2）非谓语动词5.动词有五种形态，分别是：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。 英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。难点链接（1）一般现在时的基本用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。 Good beginning is the half of success.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I don't want so much.
5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 o'clock.
6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. 动词的时态难点链接动词的时态（2）一般过去时的用法：
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year.
（3）一般将来时的用法
1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。 I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door?
4）be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近
或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 难点链接动词的时态（4）现在进行时的用法
1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。
What are you doing now?
I am looking for my key.
2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。
The students are preparing for the examination.
3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
【注意】表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，一般不用现在进行时。如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。难点链接动词的时态（5）现在完成时的用法
1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。
I have bought a bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom.
2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。
We have lived here since 1976.
They have waited for more than two hours.
【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）难点链接动词的时态（6）过去进行时的用法
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：
I was watching TV when she came to see me.
【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：
They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）
（7）过去完成时的用法
过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。
We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
（8）过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：I told him that I would see him off at the station.难点链接动词的语态一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken
一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall /be going to be＋spoken
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken
现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
过去将来时：would be +spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken
难点链接动词的语态三、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"情态动词＋be＋过去分词"构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
四、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（没有必要说明桥是谁修的）
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。难点链接动词的语态五、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
A tree was cut down by him.难点链接动词的语态（4）某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。
The children were taken good care of by her.
（ 5） 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
难点链接非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的种类
非谓语动词，顾名思义，即不能作句子的谓语用的动词，也称动词的非限定形式。主要分为动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和动名词四种，非谓语动词也有动词的特征，可有自己的状语和宾语。二、动词不定式
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加“to”和省to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语，宾语补足语、状语等成份。
1、动词不定式作主语。
To get an injection is a little painful.
To learn English well is a good thing.
注：（1）不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，还可用it作形式主语而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如
It takes me two hours to finish my English homework.
It’s difficult to learn English well.
(2)不定式作主语有两种特殊结构，一般认为是由for 或of引导其逻辑主语，如
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language.
It’s difficult for us to finish it on time.
It’s kind /good/nice of you to help me.
It’s clever /foolish/polite/careful/careless of you to do that.2、动词不定式作表语。
My job is to feed animals.
Our duty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy.
His wish is to become a singer.
3、动词不定式作宾语
He wants to borrow a book from me.
I hope to see my pen friend as soon as possible.
Children love to play games.
I found it difficult to get on with him.(it为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式)
注：不定式有时与疑问句where, how, what, which, when, who 等连用，作动词的宾语。如：
What to do
How to do it
Where to go
I don’t know When to set off
Which one to choose
Who to ask
He gave a talk on how to study English Well.
难点链接非谓语动词4、不定式作定语
Would you like something to drink /to read/to eat?
I have a lot of homework to do.
I have something important to tell you.
5、不定式作宾语补足语。分省“to”和加“to”两种。
I told him to do it himself.(加to)
He asked me to buy some oranges for him.（加to）
Ｗe didn’t expect him to be the winner.(加to)
I often saw him go to the cinema last year.(省to)
Please let the boy come in.（省to）
The boss makes the workers work ten hours a day.(省to)
注：感观动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel）和使役动词（have, let , make）后用省to不定式作宾补，但改成被动语态时，不定式前加to，宾语补语相应变成主语补语。
如；The workers are made to work ten hours a day.
6、作状语
They went to the shop to buy some school things.(目的状语)
My sister to young to go to school.（结果状语）
难点链接非谓语动词三、现在分词和过去分词
现在分词由动词加“ing”构成（构成方式略）表示主动或正在进行；过去分词由规则动词加“ed”或不规则变化，一般表示被动或动作已完成。分词主要起形容词和副词作用，可在句中作表语定语，状语、宾补等成份。
1、作表语
The news is exciting. The result is amazing
The window is broken. The door is locked.
2、作定语
Do you know the young man standing under the tree? The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt. I like to read books written by LuXun. She asked Grandma to put a bookmark in each of the borrowed books.
3、作状语
A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果)
They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”（伴随）
4、作宾补
I hear a girl singing in the next room.
I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
We had our pictures taken in the middle of the square.
难点链接非谓语动词四、动名词
在形式上，动名词与现在分词无法区别，但现在分词里一个动词性的形容词，而动名词则是一个动词性的名词，它具有名词的绝大多数特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补等成份。
1、作主语
Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）
Selling computers to foreign countries is his job.
Picking apples is much better than having classes.
注：动名词作主语可与表语对调位置；有时也可用it作形式主语，而将动名词放于句末。如：
His job is selling computers to foreign countries.（主语与表语可互换）
It’s no use complaining about others.
2、作表语
His job is feeding animals.
The only thing that I want to do is sleeping.难点链接非谓语动词3、作宾语，分为动词宾语与介词宾语两种。
Tom enjoys living in Beijing. Have you finished reading that novel?
Would you mind my opening the door. I often practice speaking English. Thank you for teaching us so well. What about going fishing tomorrow?
注：有些动词后加不定式和动名词作宾语有两种截然不同的含义。
如：go on to do sth．（接着做另一件事） go on doing sth．（继续做同一件事）
forget /remember to do sth．（记住或忘记去做某事，还未做）
forget /remember doing sth．（记住或忘记做过某事，事先已做过）
stop to do sth．（停下来做某事） stop doing sth．（停止做某事）
4、作定语
a swimming pool a sleeping car a reading room
注：现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的不同之处在于：现在分词相当于一个定语从句的作用，可改成定语从句，而动名词相当于一个名词作定语，说明被修饰词的类别、功能或性质，不可以改成定语从句。
The sleeping child=the child who is sleeping
The woman talking with my father is my English teacher.
=The woman who is talking with my father is my English teacher.
难点链接非谓语动词一.动词不定式
1.主语+decide(hope, agree, choose, wish, learn等）+to do sth.
2.主语+ask(tell, get, wish, like, want, teach, know等）+宾语+to do sth.
3.主语+be +happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready, nice, lucky,等）+to do sth.
4.主语+think(make, fine, feel,find等）+it +形容词（名词）+to do sth.
5....too+形容词（副词）+（for sb.)+to do sth.
...+形容词（副词）enough + to do sth.
6.It's+careful(clever, kind, good, right, wrong等）+of sb.+to do sth.
7.It takes sb.some time+to do sth.
8.疑问词+to do sth.
9.Why+(not)do sth.…, Would (Will)you please (not)do sth. 和 had better (not) do sth.
10.主语+feel(listen to/hear,let/make/have,see/watch/notice/look at/help)+宾语+do sth.（注意：hear,see等感觉动词常接doing sth.表示动作发生过程或强调和谓语动作同时发生。）
11.主语+like/love/hate/begin/start等+to do sth.(doing sth.)
12.主语+remember/forget to do sth. ? 主语+remember/forget doing sth. ???? 主语+stop to do sth. 主语+stop doing sth. ???? 主语+try to do sth. 主语+try doing sth. ? 难点链接非谓语动词主要句型归纳二.现在分词（动名词）
1.主语+enjoy/finish/mind/keep(on)/miss/feel等 +doing sth.
2.be busy (in)doing sth.???????? give up/can't help doing sth. ???????? thanks for/be used for/look forward to doing sth.
3.spend...(in)doing sth.????????? stop... from doing sth. ????????? keep/see/hear sb.doing sth.??(注意see, hear等词的这种用法与后面接动词不定式作宾补在意义是有区别的?)
?4.How (What) about doing sth.?
?5.stop doing sth.?? (停止做某事） ?????????? remember/forget doing sth.(记住/忘记曾做过的一件事) ?????????? try doing sth.(试一试，试试看）(注意它们和接动词不定式意义的区别）
6.like/love/hate/begin/start doing sth. 难点链接非谓语动词句型归纳容易混淆的常用动词的辨析难点链接(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。
He said he would go there. It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
2)speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。Do you speak English? May I speak to Mr. Pope, please?
3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可以接宾语。
What are you talking about? Mr. Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。
She told us an interesting story yesterday.
My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2) look, see, watch和read的用法。
1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。
Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?
2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。
They can‘t see the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?
3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。
The twins are watching TV now. He will go to watch a volleyball match.
4） read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。
Don‘t read in the sun. I like to read newspapers when I am free.难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析(3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。
1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
May I borrow your dictionary?
2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr. Li. Could you lend us your radio, please?
3) keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。
How long can the recorder be kept? The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book, please. May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?
2) take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. Mother took the little girl to the next room.
3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。
Do you always carry a handbag? The box is heavy. Can you carry it?
4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。
Please go to my office to get some chalk. There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析(5) wear, put on和dress的区别
1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。
Tom always wears black shoes. He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.
She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.
2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。
It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.
He put on his hat and went out of the room.
3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb. （给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.（穿着衣物）。
She always dresses well. Get up and dress quickly.
Mary is dressing her child.难点链接容易混淆的常用动词的辨析(6) take, spend 和use的用法。
1) take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.
It took me three days to finish the work. It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.
2) spend指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：
Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.
She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.
He didn‘t spend much time on his lessons. He spent much time (in) correcting students’ exercises.
3) use表示使用工具、手段等。
Do you know how to use the computer? Shall we use your car?(7)reach, get 和arrive的区别。
1) reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
After the train had left, they reached the station
We reached the top of the mountain at last.
2) get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to，get to常用于口语中。
When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
My sister was cooking when mother got home.
3) arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。
The soldiers arrived at a small village
The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.容易混淆的常用动词的辨析难点链接英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则 英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数现在时（简称单三）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。1、单三形式变化规则（1）一般动词在词尾加- s, 在清辅音后读 /s / ,在浊辅音或元音后读 / z / ;在t后读/ ts /, 在d后读 / dz /。例如：help → helps ，swim → swims （2）以字母s, x, ch , sh 结尾的动词加- es, 读/ iz/ , 在d后读/ dz/.以o结尾的动词也加es，读/ z /。例如：guess → guesses，teach → teaches，go → goes（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，读/ z /。例如：
fly → flies carry → carries 注： be → is have → has 难点链接2. 动词- ing形式的构成：（1） 一般在动词末尾加-ing. 例如:go → going，ask → asking（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing. 例如:write → writing，close → closing，take → taking（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing. 例如：get → getting，sit → sitting，put → putting，run → running，begin → beginning 3. 规则动词过去式的构成（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.结尾是e 的动词直接加-d.例如:look → looked，play → played，live → lived，hope → hoped
（2）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed. 例如：stop → stopped，plan → planned，trip → tripped （3）结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed. 例如:study → studied，carry → carried 难点链接英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则(4)不规则动词过去式
常见的不规则动词的过去式有:am/is →was ,are →were, go →went, have → had, do → did, get → got, come → came, say → said, see → saw put → put, eat → ate, take → took等
详见课本后附录并熟记！
补： There be 结构“There is /are +某物 / 某人 +某地 / 某时”这样一种句型.句子中的is /are 和后面所跟的名词在数的方面必须一致。（1）肯定句There is (There’s) a train in the picture.（2）否定句There is not (isn’t) a picture on the wall .There are not (aren’t) any birds in the tree .（3）疑问句和简略答语Is there a girl under the tree? Yes ,there is . /No ,there is not(isn’t).
Are there any glasses on the table ? Yes, there are. / No, there are not （aren’t）
How many days are there in a week?There are seven.难点链接英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则正误辨析1.[误］ She laid down and soon fell asleep.
［正］ She lay down and soon fell asleep.
［析］ 考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下：
? lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词)
? lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词)
? lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying
2. ［误］ Please rise your hand.
? ［正］ Please raise your hand.
? ［析］ rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。
3. ［误］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.
? ［正］ I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.
? ［析］ like作为"喜欢"讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。? 但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me?? 再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词"像"讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。4. ［误］ Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?
? ［正］ Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?
? ［析］ hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同，look重于"看"的倾向，而see重于看见没看见。
5. ［误］ Did you watch some film recently?
? ［正］ Did you see some film recently?
? ［析］ 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。
6. ［误］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.
? ［正］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.
? ［析］ hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。
7. ［误］ How long can I borrow this book?
? ［正］ How long can I keep this book?
? ［析］ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it?
正误辨析正误辨析8. ［误］ We have won your class.
? ［正］ We have beaten your class.
? ［析］ win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game.
9. ［误］ I left my key.
? ［正］ I forgot my key.
? ［正］ I left my key at home.
? ［析］ leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。
10. ［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
? ［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take the rain coat with you.
? ［析］ bring为“带来”如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take为“带走”，fetch为“去某处取什么回来”，如：Please fetch some coffee for us?? 要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如：? take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下?take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下?take one‘s place替代 take a look 看看 take turn 轮流? take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 ?take one's temperature 测量体温
正误辨析11.［误］ The policeman reached to his home.
? ［正］ The policeman reached his home.
? ［析］ reach作“到达”讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30?作为"到达"讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at＋较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有：? get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车? get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达? get ready for=be ready for ? get on well with 与人相处融洽? get 加比较级为变得如何，例如：? get colder and colder.
12.［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.
? ［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.
? ［析］ 英文中的"花费"有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dollars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.
13. ［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
? ［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.
? ［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.
? ［析］ 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。?
正误辨析14.［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.
? ［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.
? ［析］ 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.
15.［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?
? ［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?
? ［析］ begin与start均可指"开始"，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作为"旅途开始"讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.
?正误辨析16. ［误］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.
? ［正］ I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.
? ［析］ find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词"建立"，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded , 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
17.［误］ Please. Let's speak in English.
? ［正］ Please. Let's speak English.
? ［正］ Please. Let's talk in English.
18.［误］ Can you speak it English?
? ［正］ Can you say it in English?
? ［析］ 英文中“说”有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you. We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如： Tell the truth.
正误辨析19.［误］ Are you look for you book?
? ［正］ Are you looking for you book?
? ［析］ 此句含助动词are，且是主动语态，因此 look 的后面应该加ing。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有：
? ask for 请求 care for 关心 look for 寻找 wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款? search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备? thank somebody for something 为某事向某人道谢。
20. ［误］ Are you understanding it? Yes, I got it.
? ［正］ Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.
? ［析］ understand这一词没有进行时态，如同感观动词love、hate… I got it 是美语，即I understood it。要记住get 作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词，如：I'll get to the school at 8 a. m.? 初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下：? belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着?get to 到达 look forward to 期望?agree to 同意
21.［误］ The meat has become badly.
? ［正］ The meat has become bad.
? ［析］ 英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。正误辨析22. ［误］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.
? ［正］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.
? ［析］ 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时，则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。
23.［误］ I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.
? ［正］ I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.
? ［析］ 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：I should tell him when he came back.
24. ［误］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.
? ［正］ I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.
? ［析］ 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.
25.［误］ What did you do at eight last night?
? ［正］ What were you doing at eight last night?
? ［析］ 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday?
正误辨析26. ［误］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.
? ［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.
? ［析］ 现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时；如动作截止到过去，用过去完成时。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去)
27.［误］ I'm feeling well now.
? ［正］ I feel well now.
? ［析］ 瞬间动词有些无进行时态，它们是：?表示思维状态的词：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want? 表示感情的动词：care, like, love, mind, hate, fear? 表示状态的词：belong, own? 感观动词： feel, hear, see， smell, taste
28. ［误］ When have you done this work?
? ［正］ When did you do this work?
? ［析］ when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。
29.［误］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.
? ［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.
? ［析］ have gone to 是到某地去了，此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。
30. ［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
? ［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks.
? ［析］ 截止性动词有完成时态，但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun.? 但要讲When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 这样的用法还有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。?
I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。
? I joined the club two years ago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。
? I have been in this club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。
? My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。
? My father has been dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。
31. ［误］ Have you understood the lessons?
? ［正］ Do you understand the lessons?
? ［析］ 有些动词不能用完成时态，它们是understand, think, believe, know (知道)
正误辨析正误辨析32. ［误］ It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.
［误］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.
? ［析］ 在讲述过去的历史事件时，总要用过去时而不要用完成时，而且happen, break out, take place作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。
33. ［误］ When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an old friend.
? ［正］ When I was walking along the street， I happened to meet an old friend.
? ［析］ 在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中，某一突然事件发生，这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时)，而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时)，如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.
34. ［误］ Please buy a book for me.
? ［正］ Please buy me a book.
? ［正］ Please buy a book to me.
? ［析］ 在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间接宾语，如：Buy me a book中me是间接宾语，而a book是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置，其后应加to，如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.正误辨析
35.［误］ He was seen come into the book store.
? ［正］ He was seen to come into the book store.
? ［析］ 在主动语态中，有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果变为被动语态时，则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语，如： I saw him coming into the book store, 如变为被动语态时，则没有变化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.
36.［误］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well?
? ［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well?
? ［析］ 有些动词可以表示一种动作，但也可以用来表示某种性质，表示动作时可用被动语态，在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如：
? This book sells well. 这本书畅销。This car drives easily. 这车容易驾驶。
? These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服好洗。
? 在作上述表达时，不要用被动语态。
而要讲：
? This kind of book was sold out. (这种书卖完了)
? These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 这时要用被动语态，因为它描述的是具体动作。
?正误辨析37. ［误］ Is this book yours? Yes, It's.
? ［正］ Is this book yours? Yes, It is.
? ［析］ 在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式，而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式，如：No. It isn't.
38.［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.
? ［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.
? ［析］ have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might?? have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用I want to repair my bike myself.
39. ［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.
? ［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.
? ［析］ have与get的用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。相同之处，如：have something done, 也可用get something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something.但不同之处在于have somebody do something 在用get时则要用get somebody to do something。
40.［误］ I have to study on Saturday， but I haven't to study a full day。
［正］ I have to study on Saturday， but I don't have to study a full day.
? ［析］ have to 不得不，而don't have to 为其否定式。
正误辨析41. ［误］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
? ［正］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
? ［析］ must 加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测，而表示否定的推测则要用can't。
42. ［误］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he is able to read without glasses.
? ［正］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses.
? ［析］ can (could) 多用于表达客观的事实，主观能力，而be able to 则多用于表达主观的意愿。
43. ［误］ She doesn't answer the doorbell.? She should be asleep.
? ［正］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. ? She must be asleep。?
? ［析］ should 用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该"，如：You should do your homework right away. 而 must加动词原形表示一种推测。
44.［误］ Do you like to go with us?
? ［正］ Would you like to go with us?
? ［析］ Do you like…问的是习惯，如：Do you like swimming? 而would you like是一次性的邀请。
正误辨析45. ［误］ To play with the children are very interesting.
? ［正］ To play with the children is very interesting.
? ［析］ 不定式作主语时，应视为单数主语，特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时，如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如：To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.
46.［误］ He asked me do my homework alone.
? ［正］ He asked me to do my homework alone.
? ［析］ 某些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语，它们是：ask somebody to do something 要求某人做某事。 tell somebody to do something 告诉某人做某事 还有prepare 准备， decide 决定， happen to 碰巧， seem 似乎。
47.［误］ he told me to drive a car.
? ［正］ He told me how to drive a car.
? ［析］ 要学会疑问词加不定式的用法，特别要注意的是what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。如：I want to know what to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑问副词，不能作及物动词的宾语，而what是疑问代词，可做do的宾语，所以what to do 后不要加it。
正误辨析48.［误］ Tom is too young not to join the army.
? ［正］ Tom is too young to join the army.
? ［析］ 这是too…to的用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。
49.［误］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
? ［正］ I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
? ［析］ 在句中表示某动作的目的时，要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。
50.［误］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.
? ［正］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit on.
? ［析］ 当不定式作后置定语时，将不定式放于名词之后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则其后面的介词不要省略。如：I sat on the chair. 这样的用法还有：I want to find a room to live in. I want to find a pen to write with.
51.［误］ I am very glad meeting you.
? ［正］ I am very glad to meet you.
? ［析］ 许多形容词后加不定式，这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, ready, careful, surprised。
?正误辨析52. ［误］ This work is difficult to be done.
? ［正］ This work is difficult to do.
? ［析］ 在不定式作宾语时，下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。① 句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者，如：I have a lot of letters to write. ② 句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者，如：Could you find me a job to do? ③ 在形容词之后的不定式，如：English is difficult to learn.
53.［误］ Would you like to see a film with us?? Yes, I'd love.
? ［正］ Would you like to see a film with us?? Yes, I'd love to.
? ［析］ 在口语简答语中要将不定式符号保留，如：? I had to (不得不作) I'm going to (打算作) ? I'd love to (喜欢作) I hope to (希望作某事) I'll be glad to (高兴作)
54.［误］ Did you see someone to do this work for me?
? ［正］ Did you see someone do this work for me?
? ［析］ 在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice。
55. ［误］ He was seen prepare this car.
? ［正］ He was seen to prepare this car.
? ［析］ 在被动语态中要将主动语态句中省去的不定式还原回来。
56.［误］ Please let my child to try it again.
? ［正］ Please let my child try it again.
? ［析］ 在make, have, let后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
正误辨析57.［误］ When he heard the news he couldn't help to cry.
? ［正］ When he heard the news he couldn't help crying.
? ［析］ can't help+现在分词表示情不自禁作某事。
58.［误］ In autumn, the street is always covered with falling leaves.
? ［正］ In autumn, the street is always covered with fallen leaves.
? ［析］ 现在分词作定语有正在的含义，如：falling leave 正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallen leaves是落地的叶子。过去分词含有已经完成的意思。
59.［误］ Do you hear someone sing in the office?
? ［正］ Do you hear someone singing in the office?
? ［析］ 感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语，表达一个动作的全过程或已结束的动作，而用现在分词表示一个正在进行中的动作。
60. ［误］ I want to shop some food for supper.
? ［正］ I want to buy some food for supper.
? ［正］ I want to go shopping.
? ［析］ shop作买东西讲时，要用go shopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有：? go boating 划船 go sailing 航海 go skating 滑冰?go shooting 射击 go dancing 去跳舞 go fishing 钓鱼?go swimming 去游泳…… 不要用错，也不要改为其他形式，因为这是习惯用法。
正误辨析61.［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief came into the room.
? ［正］ I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room.
? ［析］ remember后接不定式是记着去做某事，即该动作并没有完成。而remember 后接动名词则表明该动作已经作完了。如： Do remember to turn off the light, before you leave. 即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯的动作并没有做。I remember meeting you somewhere. 我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相同用法还有forget。
62. ［误］ When I finished to do this work I would go to play football.
? ［正］ When I finished doing this work I would go to play football.
? ［析］ 在英语中有些动词后要接动名词作宾语。在初中范围主要有两个动词finish和enjoy, 千万不要与like相比。因为like作动词"喜欢"用时，其后接动名词表示习惯性动作，接不定式表示一次性特殊的动作，而would you like后面则一定要用不定式。
63. ［误］ When he finished his homework, he went on playing the football.
? ［正］ When he finished his homework, he went on to play football.
? ［析］ go on to do something 是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而go on doing something 是在做一件事的过程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。
64.［误］ He's busy to prepare his lessons.
? ［正］ He's busy preparing his lessons.
? ［析］ be busy 后加doing 而不能接不定式。
65. ［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom, they stopped to talk.
? ［正］ When the teacher came into the classroom. They stopped talking.
? ［析］ stop to do something 是停下来去做某事，而stop doing something 则是停止做某事。
66. ［误］ Why not to do it again?
? ［正］ Why not do it again?
? ［析］ Why not, you'd better 后接不带to的不定式，如：You'd better go.但要注意的是它的否定式是You'd better not go.正误辨析例题解析1? Mr. Zhang asked me ＿＿＿ the words again.
?A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。
2? You ＿＿＿ play on the road. It's dangerous.
?A. mustn't B. may C. can D. must
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ must 用于否定句表示禁止做某事。
3? Mr. Brown ＿＿＿ in Beijing since 1993.
?A. work B. works C. worked D. has worked
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 句中有since引导的时间状语，因此句中要用完成时态。
4? I ＿＿＿ a letter when my mother came in.
?A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. will write
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作，而写信是一个长动作，所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态，表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动作。
例题解析5? Can I ＿＿＿ a bike from him?
?A. lend B. return C. give D. borrow
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ borrow something from…为向某人某处借某物。而lend, return, give后面的介词应用to。
6? - Must I stay at home? - No, you ＿＿＿ .
?A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can not
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ needn't 为"没有必要必须做某事"，而mustn't为"禁止做"，can not为"不能做"。根据题意是：你不一定待在家里。
7? - How long have you ＿＿＿ here? - About two months.
?A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ have been here是个状态，可以与后面的长时间状语连接，而其他三个动词都是瞬间动词。
8? Stamps ＿＿＿ by people for sending letters.
?A. use B. using C. used D. are used
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 这里是被动语态，意为邮票被人们用来发信。
?9? The radio says Tianjin will be ＿＿＿ tomorrow.
?A. rains B. rain C. rained D. rainy
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ rainy为形容词作表语。
10? If you don't know this word, ＿＿＿ in the dictionary.
?A. look for it B. look at it C. look after it D. look it up
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ look up 查字典，与look有关的词组有：
look about 四周环视look after 照顾look around 周围，四处看look at 看look back 回顾look for 寻找look forward to 期待look out 当心look like 看上去像
11? My father told me ＿＿＿ play on the street.
?A. not B. to not C. not to D. did not
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 不定式的否定式是not to do something.
12? There is going to ＿＿＿ an English party this evening.
?A. be B. has C. have D. is
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ 这里是there be 无生命的"有"加助动词的句型，即there will be,而没有there have 的句型。
?例题解析13? There ＿＿＿ no bus stop here last year.
?A. is B. was C. are D. were
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ last year为去年，所以用过去时。而there be 句型的单复数要看be动词之后离之最近的名词是单数还是复数。如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
14? Our school will hold a sports meeting if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow.
?A. isn't rain B. rains C. won't rain D. doesn't rain
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 在状语从句中应用一般时态来表示将来。
15? Bikes mustn't ＿＿＿ everywhere.
?A. be put B. be putted C. put D. putting
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ 这里是被动语态。与put有关的词组如下：?
put away 放好 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 put out 扑灭 put down 放下
16? Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei ＿＿＿ Harbin.
?A. have been to B. has been to C. have gone to D. has gone to
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ has been to 是去过某处。
例题解析例题解析17? It's cold today you'd better ＿＿＿ more coats.
?A. put on B. take off C. to put on D. to take off
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ 'd better 其后加不带to的不定式，而put on 为"穿上"。
18? Henry ＿＿＿ a birthday card for Sam yesterday.
?A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. will buy
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 因句中的yesterday为表达过去的时间状语，所以应用过去时态。?
19? When I got to the factory, the workers ＿＿＿ about the filim.
?A. are talking B. talked C. were talking D. have talked
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 状语从句中所用的动词为过去时，则主句中也要与之呼应。而工人们在谈论电影为一长时间的动作，所以要用过去进行时。?
20? No hurry, please ＿＿＿ your time.
?A. take B. bring C. carry D. catch
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ take one's time 慢慢来别着急。?
21? I enjoy ＿＿＿ the light music.
?A. to listen to B. listening to C. hearing D. to hear
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ enjoy 与 finish其后只能接动名词作宾语补足语。?例题解析22? Please ＿＿＿ as soon as you get there.
?A. ring me up B. ring up me C. wake me up D. wake up me
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ ring up打电话，而wake up唤醒。英文中有很多动词词组如其宾语是代词时，一定要放在动词与介词之间。?
23? When I ＿＿＿ , I want to be a teacher.
?A. grows up B. grow up C. shall grow D. grew up
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ grow up 长大。而状语从句要用现在时表示将来，即使主句也用的是一般现在时，但它含有将来之意。
24? I called him and he ＿＿＿ to have a talk with me.
?A. stop B. stops C. stoped D. stopped
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 这是由and连接的两个并列句，所以时态应保持一致。?
25? - Would you please ＿＿＿ me an evaser, Lucy?
?- Certainly. Here you are.
?A. borrow B. lend C. borrowed D. lent
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ would you please其后接不带to的不定式即动词原形，而borrow为"借入"而lend为"借出"。
?26? Trees ＿＿＿ in spring.
?A. plant B. were planted C. should be planted D. should plant
? ［答案］ C.?
［析］ should用于一般现在时态中表示应该，而此句又是被动语态。
27? - Where‘s your father? - He ＿＿＿ to Paris.
?A. go B. goes C. went D. has gone
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ has gone 是已去某处了，不在这里了。所以强调过去的动作影响到现在。?
28? - Must I finish my homework in class now?
- No, you ＿＿＿ . You can do it at home.
?A. mustn't B. may not C. needn't D. can
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ needn't表示没有必要一定要这样做。由must提问，肯定句用must，否定句用needn't.?
29? Thank you very much for ＿＿＿ your book ＿＿＿ me.
?A. lending, to B. lent, to C. borrow, from D. borrowing,from
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ for是介词，要用动名词作介词宾语。
例题解析例题解析30? The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ＿＿＿ the earth away.
?A. blowingB. blowC. blowsD. to blow
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ stop…from doing something. 阻止某人或某物作某事。
31? The students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike, if it ＿＿＿ fine tomorrow.
?A. will beB. isC. shall beD. was
? ［答案］ B.
32? Our teacher always tells us ＿＿＿ in the street. It's too dangerous.
?A. don't playB. not to playC. to playD. not play
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ 不定式的否定式为not to do。?
33? English is a useful language. It ＿＿＿ widely in the world.
?A. is spokenB. was spokenC. can speakD. will speak
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ 本句为被动语态。
?例题解析34? - Look! What's Wang Ping doing over there?
?- She ＿＿＿ under a big tree.
?A. sings B. sang C. has sung D. is singing
? ［答案］ D.
35? You ＿＿＿ see a doctor. You've got a bad cold.
?A. will B. are going to C. had better D. could
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ had better 最好，意为一种真心的劝告。?
36? Your radio is too loud. Would you please ＿＿＿ ?
?A. turn down it B. turn it down
C. to turn down it D. to turn it down
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ would you please 后面加动词原形。?
37? Could you tell me if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow?
?A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ if从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。所以还是要用将来时，而不能用一般现在时表示将来。例题解析38? She doesn't know ＿＿＿ .
?A. when to do B. what to do C. how to do D. where to do
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ when, how, where均为疑问副词，而what为疑问代词，又因do是及物动词需要宾语。如用疑问副词时应为when to do it, how to do it, where to do it.
39? Must older people ＿＿＿ to politely.
?A. speak B. spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 这句话的主动语态应为People must speak politely to older people?对年龄较大的人讲话应有礼貌。?
40? Teachers usually ask their students ＿＿＿ loudly in class.
?A. to speak B. speak C. speaks D. spoke
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。?
41? - Where is Mr Zhang? - Look! He ＿＿＿ on a big machine over there.
?A. works B. worked C. is working D. has worked
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 由look, listen等词开始的句子一般要用现在进行时态。?42? He ＿＿＿ at this school since two years ago.
?A. was B. has been C. is D. will be
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ since引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。
43? Suddenly one of the bags ＿＿＿ the truck and landed in the middle of the road.
?A. fell out B. fell down C. fell off D. will be
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ fall off 掉落，与off有关的词组有? see off 送行 give off 散发 shut off 关闭 kick off 踢掉 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 jump off 跳下 show of 炫耀 take off 脱下 pay off 付清
44? It's not an important party, you needn't ＿＿＿ .
?A. pay for it B. wear it out C. try it out D. dress up for it
? ［答案］ D.? ［析］ pay for为某物，某人付款，wear out穿坏，磨破，而dress up梳妆打扮。
45? The kite is flying high in the sky. It ＿＿＿ a bird.
?A. looks at B. looks like C. looks for D. looks after
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ look like 像……，其中like 为介词。
例题解析例题解析46? There's a football match. Please ＿＿＿ the TV at once. Let's watch together.
?A. turn on B. take off C. turn off D. go on
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ turn on 打开。与turn有关的词组有： turn against 背叛 turn on 打开 turn +颜色 变为某种颜色 turn off 关闭 turn over 翻转 turn to 翻到某页 turn into 变为 turn up 向上翻
47? Please tell me where ＿＿＿ have our picnic tomorrow.
?A. we will B. will we C. will D. will you
? ［答案］ A.
? ［析］ where 引导的从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。
48? We ＿＿＿ English for three years already. And we can speak a little English now.
?A. learn B. have learned C. has learned D. will learn
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ for+表示一段长度的时间词，应与完成时相呼应。
49? At last, Lin Feng made the baby ＿＿＿ and begin to laugh.
?A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. to stop crying
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ make somebody do (or doing) something, stop doing 意为停止做某事。
?例题解析50? I hear there ＿＿＿ a sports meeting in our school next week.?
A. is going to have B. will have?C. is going to be D. are going to be
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 这是hear 的宾语从句是there be 句型。而且是用了be going to形式。
51? It's getting colder, Peter. You'd better ＿＿＿ this coat with you.
?A. bring B. carry C. take D. get
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ bring 带来，take 带走。
52? Our classroom is clean and tidy.?It ＿＿＿ every day.
?A. cleans B. is cleaning C. cleaned D. is cleaned
? ［答案］ D.
? ［析］ 这里表达的是经常的一种状态，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。
53? If you are not careful in the street, a car may ＿＿＿ you.
?A. hurt B. hit C. run D. catch
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ hit撞上，碰上，击中
?例题解析54. I’m interested in animals, so I ________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay B. get C. take D. spend
答案：D。该题考查的是pay, get, take spend这四个动词的用法区别。在这四个动词中，只有spend常用于 “spend …ding sth.”的句型里，所以选D。
55.---Listen Helen is singing in the next room.
---It _________ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may D. should
答案：A。该题考查的是情态动词的用法。表示否定地推测通常用can’t。
56.---I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
---Oh, I am sorry I _________ dinner at my friend’s house.
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
答案：C。该题考查的是动词的时态。他们谈论的是昨天晚上某一时刻发生的事情，所以用过去进行时。57.---How long have you _______ the motorbike? ---For about two weeks.
A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent
答案：B。该题考查的是延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别。这四个动词中只有had 是延续性动词，它的现在完成时可以同表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
58? The farmers were busy ＿＿＿ ready for the next year.
?A. got B. getting C. to get D. get
? ［答案］ B.
? ［析］ be busy后应用动词的ing形式。
59? Our classroom must ＿＿＿ clean every day.
?A. keep B. to keep C. be kept D. to be kept
? ［答案］ C.
? ［析］ 应为被动语态。例题解析课时训练单项填空
1. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let’s join them.
A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked
2. Our teacher, Miss Chen, ________English on the radio the day bore yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught
3. I don’t think I _________ you in that dress before.
A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see
4. Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive.
A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t
5. Coffee is ready. How nice it ________ ! Would you like some?
A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels
ABAAB6. “ Mr. Zhu, you’d better _______ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.
A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat
7. “Don’t always make Michael ________ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife.
A. do B. to do C. does D. did
8. Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. Will you please ________ your E-mail address? I’ll write it down.
A. review B. recite C. report D. repeat
9. Don’t ________ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch cold in spring.
A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out
10. You _______ go and ask Meimei. She _______ know the answer.
A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may
课时训练CADBD课时训练11. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It ________ 10 minutes ago.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left
12. I bought a new dictionary and it ________ me 30 yuan.
A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost
13. ---Mum, may I go out and play basketball?
---_______ you _______ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finishing D. Have; finished
14. I have to go now. Please remember to ________ the lights when you leave.
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
15. A talk on Chinese history ________ in the school next week.
A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
16. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better ________.
A. don’t go now B. stay here when it stops
C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at onceADDACC17. You may go fishing if your work ________.
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
18. Cotton _______ nice and soft.
A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels
19. ---Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick?
---John _________.
A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is
20. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______?
---No. She got up too late.
A. had she B. hadn’t she C. did she D. didn’t she
21. Our teacher,Miss Chen,_________English on the radio the day before yesterday.
A.teaches B.taught?C.will teach D.had taught
22. —Excuse me.Look at the sign NO PHOTOS!?
—Sorry,I_________it.?
A.don't see B.didn't see? C.haven't seen D.won't see
课时训练ADCCBB23.My mother_________the windows already,so the room looks much brighter.
A.has cleaned B.had cleane
C.is cleaning D.will clean
24.You_________to the meeting.Why didn't you go?
A.be invited B.will be invited?
C.were invited D.are invited
25. —When will you tell him the good news??
—I will tell him about it as soon as he_____back.
A.comes B.came?
C.will come D.is coming?
? ?
? ? 课时训练ACA26.Sorry,I____to help you at ten.I was busy at the momen?
A.won't come B.can't come?
C.didn't come D.shouldn't come?
27.He_______this pen for five years.He______it in 1997.?
A.has bought,bought. B.bought,bought?
C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought?
28.She_________apples in her garden when I_________to see her yesterday.?
A.picked，went B.was picking， went?
C.picked，was going D.was picking，was going?
29.I don 't know if my friend_________.If he _________,I'll let you know.?
A.comes,comes B.comes, will come?
C.will come,comes D.will come,will come?
30.John said he_________ supper.He was quite full.?
A.had had B.was having? C.had D.has eaten? 课时训练CDBCA31.There_________two meetings tomorrow afternoon.?
A.are going to be B.are going to have?
C.is going to be D.will have?
32.It______3 years since I______to No.1 Middle School.?
A.is,come B.is,have come?
C.was,came D.is,came?
33.Father_________when I _________yesterday morning.?
A.still slept,got up? B.was still sleeping,got up?
C.is sleeping,got up? D.sleeps,get up?
34.Kate_________to bed until her mother_________back.?
A.won't go,come B.hadn't gone came?
C.went,came D.didn't go,came?
35.His brother_________from home for a long time.?
A.has left B.has been away?
C.left D.will leave? 课时训练ADBDB课时训练36.It_________7 hours to go to Nanjing by train.?
A.takes B.is taking? C.has taken D.took?
37.—How much do you want??
—I think ten dollars_________ enough.?
A.is B.are? C.has been D.have been?
38.There'll be an important talk tomorrow morning.
_________ on time.?
A.Do come B.Don't come?
C.Do to come D.Not to come
39.Though we tried our best.We_________at last.?
A.won B.beat
? C.were won D.were beaten?
40.Why do you keep_________these new words??
A.forget B.forgetting?
C.to forget D.forgot? AAADB课时训练41.—Where‘s Mr Li?I have something unusual to tell him.?
—You ____ find him.He______Japan.
A.may not,has gone to?B.may not, has been to ?
C.can't，has gone to?D.can't, has been to?
42. —Could I look at your pictures??
—Yes,of course you _________.
A.could B.can? C.will D.might?
43.—Where is Jack，please??
—He______be in the classroom.
A.can B.need?C.would D.must
44.The boy said he had to speak English in class，but he___ speak it after class. ?
A.could B.didn't have to C.migh D.shouldn't
45.These books_________out of the reading room.You have to read,them here.
A.can't take?B.must be taken?
C.can take?D.mustn't be taken?
?
CBDBD课时训练46._________I open the window?It's hot here.?A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would?
47.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _________tell you.
A.may B.can? C.would D.could?
48._________you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might?
49.—_________I try out all the ideas??
—No,you _________.?
A.Must,mustn't B.Need,need?
C.Must,don't have to? D.Must,don't?
50._________I speak to Mr Green，please?
A.Will B.Could?C.Must D.Would? ?
? BABCB课时训练用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out _______ (ride) the waves.
2. ---What do you use the key for?
---It is ________ (use) for making the robot work.
3. No news _______ (be) good news. I’m sure Jane is still all right.
4. ---Are you feeling better these days?
---Yes, much better. I _______ (not feel) as well as these days for a long time.
5. It ________ (rain) heavily, you’d better not go out now.
6. The city of Xian _______ (become) cleaner and cleaner.
7. The boys enjoy _______ (see) fight films very much.
8. He left the room without _______ (say) goodbye.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China.
10. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school yard these years.
ridingusedishave not feltis rainingIs becomingseeingsayingIs grownhave been planted11.My brother isn't at home right now. He___________(go) toBeijing. He___________(be) there many tines. He _________(not be) back until next week.
12.When I got home,my mother__________(go)out for a walk.
13.He____________(finish)his composition just now.?
14.By the end of next month,all our lessons______________
(finish).?
15. ______she _____(do) morning exe
同课章节目录
- 词法
- 名词
- 动词和动词短语
- 动词语态
- 动词时态
- 助动词和情态动词
- 非谓语动词
- 冠词
- 代词
- 数词和量词
- 形容词副词及其比较等级
- 介词和介词短语
- 连词和感叹词
- 构词法
- 相似、相近词比较
- 句法
- 陈述句
- 一般疑问句和否定疑问句
- 特殊疑问句及选择疑问句
- 反意疑问句
- 存在句(There be句型)
- 宾语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 主谓一致问题
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 复合句
- 主谓一致
- 主、表语从句
- 名词性从句
- 直接引语和间接引语
- 虚拟语气
- 感叹句
- 强调句
- 倒装句
- 祈使句
- 句子的成分
- 句子的分类
- 题型专区
- 单项选择部分
- 易错题
- 完形填空
- 阅读理解
- 词汇练习
- 听说训练
- 句型转换
- 补全对话
- 短文改错
- 翻译
- 书面表达
- 任务型阅读
- 语法填空
- 其他资料