非谓语动词格式化结构
【本章导读】
非谓语动词格式化结构指的是一些不能按照一般方法去解决而是各自形成固定表达方式的非谓语动词形式,这些固定格式在高考中又占据重要地位而考生又没有这方面的经验,往往显得一筹莫展,为此,本书作者专门把它们罗列出来,旨在为广大考生找到一条捷径。
平时在解答非谓语这类题目时,我们一般采用找非谓语动词与句子相关成分的逻辑关系和非谓语动作先后的方法来解决,逻辑关系确定非谓语的主动被动形式,动作先后确定非谓语该用一般式、进行式还是完成式。但在我们学习的过程中,不难发现有些题目用找逻辑主语的方法解决不了问题,有时候,非谓语形成了一些固定格式,这就是本章我们要探讨的问题——非谓语动词格式化结构。
【考点优化1】
在“be+状态动词的过去分词+介词”中,过去分词形容词化,没有动作意义,说明主语存在的状态,只有done形式,如:be
buried
in/be
lost
in/be
known
as/be
covered
with/be
crowded
with/be
faced
with/be
blamed
for/be
caught
in/be
lost
to/be
interested
in/be
located
in/be
filled
with/be
devoted
to等等。碰到这类问题,只要确定是表示状态不表动作,直接就选过去分词,不用考虑,这时过去分词后面是没有宾语的,如果表示动作,非谓语后面一定有宾语。
【真题例析】
例1.
(四川卷)
with
so
much
trouble,
we
failed
to
complete
the
task
on
time.
A.
Faced
B.
Face
C.
Facing
D.
To
face
【答案】A。
【解析】本题如按逻辑分析,句子的主语是we,它和非谓语动词face之间应该是主动关系,即“我们面临如此多的麻烦”,答案为什么是A呢?显然就是我们上面所说的“be+状态动词的过去分词+介词”的格式化结构,faced表状态,相当于形容词,形容词是没有非谓语形式的,这样就能理解了,我们直接选过去分词。句意:面对如此多的困难,我们没有按时完成任务。
例2.
(江苏卷)He
is
very
popular
among
his
students
as
he
always
tries
to
make
them
in
his
lectures.
A.
interested
B.
interesting
C.
interest
D.
to
interest
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查非谓语作补语,them和interest之间也是主动关系不是被动关系,而是因为be
interested
in是一个固定的表达,interested已经形容词化了,没有非谓语形式。句意:他在同学中很受欢迎,因为他常常尽力使得同学们对他的演讲感兴趣。
【考点拓展】
状态动词的过去分词形容词化,不仅仅用在“be+过去分词+介词”这一格式化结构中,
只要这些动词表示的是状态而不是动作,他们就形容词化了,我们就可以把它看成是一个形
容词,所以就不存在有其他形式,只有过去分词形式。如:
He
stood
there,
surprised.他站在那儿,惊讶。
【拓展例析】
例1.
(浙江卷—3)
and
short
of
breath,
Andy
and
Ruby
were
the
first
to
reach
the
top
of
Mount
Tai.
A.
To
be
tired
B.
Tired
C.
Tiring
D.
Being
tired
【答案】B。
【解析】tired意为“疲劳的”、“累的”、“厌倦的”、“厌烦的”,是形容词,表示状态,作状语。句意:安迪和鲁比第一个达到泰山山顶,此时疲惫而上气不接下气。
例2.
(四川卷)Ladies
and
gentlemen,
please
remain
until
the
plane
has
come
to
a
complete
stop.
A.
seated
B.
seating
C.
to
seat
D.
seat
【答案】A。
【解析】A。seated“坐好”,表示一种状态,相当于形容词,在此作表语,remain是系动词。句意:先生们女士们,请坐好,直到飞机完全停下来。
【考点优化2】
“get
+过去分词”结构,此表示被动,get=be。只要明白这一点,其非谓语形式直接
选过去分词,常见用在这一结构的过去分词有:get
lost/paid/separated/damaged/
punished/caught/changed/charged/dressed/hurt/burnt/killed等等。
【真题例析】
例1.
(全国Ⅰ)Sarah,
hurry
up.
I’m
afraid
you
can’t
have
time
to
before
the
party.
A.
get
changed
B.
get
change
C.
get
changing
D.
get
to
change
【答案】A。
【解析】get
changed是固定结构,get相当于be,其中的过去分词作表语。句意:Sarah,赶快点,在聚会之前恐怕你没有时间去换装了。
例2.
(全国)As
we
joined
the
big
crowd
I
got
from
my
friends.
A.
separated
B.
spared
C.
lost
D.
missed
【答案】get
separated从…脱离了、分离了,get
spared节省下来,get
lost迷路了,
get
missed丢失了。句意:由于我们跟着一大群人走,我和我的朋友走散了。
【考点拓展】
一.在用get+
done这一结构时要和get
sb./sth.
doing(done),
get
sb.
to
do区别开来:get
sb./sth.
doing(done),
get
sb.
to
do
结构是不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补语,其中的宾语sb./sth.和后面的不定式和分词保持主动和被动的逻辑关系。
二.get+done用法详解
“get
+
过去分词”能用于被动结构和系表结构,用于被动结构时,它强调动作的发生;用于系表结构时,它强调状态的变化。
1.get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用,构成被动结构,表示某一事件或事故的发生,着重强调动作。常见于以下两种情况:
①
谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇,往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故,如:
Some
glasses
got
broken
when
we
were
moving.
我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
②
谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时,常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词,表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任,此时既含有被动意义,同时又含有主动意义,如:
Our
car
gets
cleaned
about
once
every
two
months.
我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。
2.“get
+
过去分词”与“be
+
过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别:
①
前者多用于口语和非正式文体,而后者则可用于更多的场合。
②
前者侧重表示动作,而后者既可表动作又可表状态,有时有歧义,如:
The
chair
got
broken
yesterday.
昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。(表动作)
The
chair
was
broken
yesterday.
昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。(表动作)或 昨天这把椅子是坏的。(表状态)
③
前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语,而后者则有时带有时不带,如:
My
brother
got
hit
by
a
stone.
我哥哥被一块石头击中了。
She
got
caught
by
the
police.
她让警察给抓住了。
④
前者在表示强调,否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did,而后者则不需,如:
He
didn’t
get
beaten
yesterday
evening.
他昨天晚上没挨打。
Did
your
letter
get
answered
你收到回信了吗?
⑤
前者有时既可表示被动意义,又可表示主动意义;后者则只表示单纯的被动意义,如:
I
got
(myself)
invited
to
lots
of
parties
last
holidays.
上次休假期间,我(设法)让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。
I
was
invited
to
lots
of
parties
last
holidays.
上次休假期间,我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。
⑥
与助动词be相比,和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数,其中多数含有“不顺利;不愉快”之意,如:
He
got
taught
a
lesson.
他被教训了一顿。
I
got
rained
on
as
I
was
coming
to
work.
我来上班时遭到淋雨。
2.get作始动性连系动词,与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用,构成系表结构,表示状态的变化
(即动作的结果),其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作,其含义等于become;
begin
to
be或come
to
be等。常见于以下五种情况:
①
表示使自己进入或变为某种状态,如:
We
don’t
want
any
of
you
to
get
lost.
我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。
He
went
out
and
got
drunk.
他出去喝醉了酒。
类似这种用法的词组还有:get
started(行动起来),get
engaged(订婚),get
divorced(离婚)等
。
②
表示对自己身体的外表做某事,动作完成后主语所处的状态,此时过去分词多具有反身意义,如:
He
could
not
wash
himself
or
get
dressed.
他既不会洗澡,也不会穿衣。
She
got
washed
after
she
got
back
home
from
work
.
她下班回到家后洗了澡。
类似这种用法的词组还有:get
undressed(脱下衣服),get
changed(换衣服),get
shaved(刮脸;刮胡子)等
。
③
表示由一种状态渐渐变为另一种状态,如:
She
soon
got
tired
of
learning
English.
很快她就对学英语厌倦了。
You
will
soon
get
used
to
this
kind
of
work.你很快就会习惯这种工作。
④
表示引起心理和情感上的变化,如:
She
got
pleased
with
her
new
room.
她对她的新房间颇为满意。
I
got
surprised
at
the
news.
这消息使我吃惊。
⑤
get与少数形容词化了的过去分词连用,用于祈使句中,着重表达过去分词的内容,用来表示命令、请求、忠告等语气,如:
Get
dressed!
穿上衣服!
Oh,
get
lost,
will
you!
I
want
to
study.
噢,给我走开!我要学习了。(此习语用法较粗鲁,只限熟人之间使用。)
Get
washed!
去洗一洗吧!
Don’t
get
caught
in
the
rain!
别遭雨淋!
3.“get
+
过去分词”与“be
+
过去分词”在构成系表结构时的区别:
①
前者表示开始进入某种状态,而后者仅表示一种实际存在的状态,如:
The
little
girl
got
interested
in
music.
这个小女孩对音乐产生了兴趣。(原本没有兴趣,后来有了。)
The
little
girl
is
interested
in
music.
这个小女孩对音乐感兴趣。(本来就有兴趣。)
②
前者表示状态有进行式,而后者则没有,如:
The
students
are
getting
prepared
for
the
sports
meeting.学生们在为运动会作准备。
She’s
getting
worried
about
her
exams.
她在为考试发愁。
4.四点应注意的问题:
①
get和具体的时间状语连用,表示某一状态在具体时间的某一时刻发生的过渡和变化,如:
They
are
going
to
get
married
on
New
Year’s
Day.
他们打算在元旦结婚。
He
went
out
and
got
drunk
yesterday
evening.
昨天晚上他出去喝醉了酒。
注意:get不能和表示时段的状语连用,如不能说:They
have
got
married
for
five
years.
他们结婚5年了。只能说:They
have
been
married
for
five
years.
或They
got
married
five
years
ago.
②
get用于进行时态,表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡的、变化的过程,如:
He
is
getting
more
and
more
annoyed.他越来越感到气恼。
I’m
getting
all
mixed
up.
我全给闹糊涂了。
③
get用于现在完成时,表示某一状态过渡动作的结束或结果,如:
Edward
and
I
have
just
got
engaged.
爱德华和我刚刚订婚。
They’ve
just
got
married.
他们刚结婚。
④
除get以外,become和grow也可和已经形容词化了的过去分词连用,构成系表结构,表示一种状态向另一种状态演变的过程,如:
Soon
the
room
became
crowded.
不一会儿房里就挤满了人。
He
grew
amazed
when
he
heard
the
news.
当他听到这个消息时,他很惊讶。
注意:“become
+
过去分词”有时也有被动的含义,强调动作的结果,如:
The
Canadian
climbers
became
trapped
on
the
mountain
last
Tuesday.
上周二加拿大登山队员被困在山上了。
The
news
became
known
at
10
o’clock.这消息在十点钟被人们知道了。
【拓展例析】
例1.(辽宁卷)Alexander
tried
to
get
his
work
in
the
medical
circles.
A.
to
recognize B.
recognizing C.
recognize D. recognized
【答案】D。
【解析】考查 get+宾语+done的结构=have+宾语+done的结构,宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。
例2.
(上海三校生卷)The
manager
called
to
find
out
when
we
could
get
this
task
.
A.
complete
B.
completed
C.
to
complete
D.
completing
【答案】B。
【解析】B。考查 get+宾语+done的结构,get后面的宾语this
task是complete这一动作的承受者,应用过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:经理叫人了解什么时候我们能完成这项任务。
【考点优化3】
“With/without+名词(代词)+非谓语”结构
to
do(表示未发性动作)
with/without+名词/代词+
doing/being
done(表示动作正在进行)
done(表示完成被动)
在此结构中,命题人常常会设置do,
to
be
dong,
having
done,
having
been
done等选项,碰到这类题目,只需要按照上面的对应就可以了,不必去考虑其他选项;另外,关于
to
do只有主动形式,没有被动式,因为这一结构常看作是for
sb.
to
do。
【真题例析】
例1.(山东卷)The
living
room
is
clean
and
tidy,
with
a
dining
table
already
for
a
meal
to
be
cooked.
A. laid B.
laying C.
to
lay D.
being
laid
【答案】A。
【解析】考查“With/without+名词(代词)+非谓语”结构,table与“放置”这个动作之间主存在逻辑上的被动关系,即桌子应该是被放置。句意:这间起居室干净而整洁,一张餐桌已经排放在此准备煮饭。
例2.
(
福建卷)—Come
on,
please
give
me
some
ideas
about
the
project.
—Sorry.
With
so
much
work
my
mind,
I
almost
break
down.
A.
filled
B.
filling
C.
to
fill
D.
being
filled
【答案】B。
【解析】考查“With/without+名词(代词)+非谓语”结构,much
work和fill之间存在主动的逻辑关系,即“工作上的事云绕在脑海里”。句意:—来吧!就这个项目给我出个主意吧!—对不起,工作上的事情太多,脑海里总想着,我差点都身体垮了。
【考点拓展】
have/has/had
和with/without一样可以用此结构,have在have+名词/代词+to
do
中have表示“有”,只用主动形式,不用被动式,不定式作定语,常看作是for
sb.
to
do;
而在have+名词/代词+doing/done结构中,have表示“使得、让”等,是使役动词,分
词作补语。
to
do(表示未发性动作)
have/has/had+名词/代词+
doing/being
done(表示动作正在进行)
done(表示完成被动)
在此结构中,命题人也会常常会设置do,
to
be
dong,
having
done,
having
been
done
等选项,只要熟悉这一点,其余选项可以不去理会它,而且have+名词/代词+being
done
一般不考查。
【拓展例析】
例1.
(福建卷)Jenny
hopes
that
Mr.
Smith
will
suggest
a
good
way
to
have
her
written
English
in
a
short
period.
A.
improved
B.
improving
C.
to
improve
D.
improve
【答案】A。
【解析】考查“have/has/had+名词/代词+非谓语”结构,her
written
English和
improve之间存在被动的逻辑关系,用过去分词作补语。句意:Jenny希望Mr.
Smith给她提出好的方法以便她的书面语言能在短时间提高。
例2.
(重庆卷I)With
the
world
changing
fast,
we
have
something
new
with
all
by
ourselves
every
day.
A.
deal
B.
dealt
C.
to
deal
D.
dealing
【答案】C。
【解析】考查“have/has/had+名词/代词+非谓语”结构,“每天有新的工作要处理”,未发生动作,用不定式作定语。句意:随着世界的迅速变化,每天我们要独自处理新事物。”因为每天要处理的是将要发生的事。
【考点优化4】
“从属连词+非谓语”结构
to
do
(动作未发性)
When/while/unless/if/though/as
if
/no
matter
how…+
doing
(与主语之间是主动关系)
done(与主语之间是被动关系)
这一结构实际实际上是状语从句的省略,表示时间、条件、方式或让步、比较等的状语从句,如果谓语含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致或主语是it,常把主语和谓语的一部分省略,但命题人常常设置to
do,
doing,
done,
having
done,
to
be
done,
being
done等非谓语形式来考查考生。
解答这类题目时,注意认准前面的这些从属连词,其后面指区别to
do,
doing,
done就行了,其他选项就不用考虑了。如果和主语是主动关系,用doing,因为这种情况是进行时态省略了is/are/was/were;如果和主语是被动关系就用done,因为这种情况是被动语态省略了is/are/was/were;如果表示动作为未发生,就用to
do,但这种情况考查得比较
少。
【真题例析】
例1.
(广东卷)No
matter
how
frequently
,
the
works
of
Beethoven
still
attract
people
all
over
the
world.
A.
performed
B.
performing
C.
to
be
performed
D.
being
performed
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查状语从句的省略,No
matter
how
frequently=
No
matter
how
the
works
of
Beethoven
was
frequently
performed,直接在A、B中选答案,the
works
of
Beethoven和perform之间是被动关系,所以选preformed。句意:不管贝多芬的音乐演唱多么频繁,还是受到世界各地那么多人喜欢。
例2.
(浙江卷)When
different
cultures,
we
often
pay
attention
only
to
the
differences
without
noticing
the
many
similarities.
A.
compared
B.
being
compared
C.
comparing
D.
having
compared
【答案】C。
【解析】此处是连词when
+
分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个状语从句When
we
are
Comparing
different
cultures。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。此处从句的主语是we,compare这个动作是we主动进行的,应用现在分词。句意:当我们在对比不同文化时,我们注意到的只是文化的差异而很少注意到它们的许多相同之处。
【考点拓展】
1.状语从句的省略只限于从句的主语和主句主语相同或者从句是it
is+adj.时;另外“be+状态动词的过去分词+介词”也适用于状语从句的省略当中,不过不能找逻辑上的主动和被动关系,因为在这一结构中现在分词和过去分词形容词化了,表示主语“令人…”或“感到…”。
2.作状语的独立成分在句中是独立的,他们和句子的相关成分不发生逻辑上的主谓或动宾
关系,常见的有:generally/honestly/frankly/strictly/exactly
speaking;
judging
from/by;
concerning(关于,有关);
considering(就…而论,照…看来);
supposing(万一;
假定);
allowing
for(考虑到…);
seeing
that(由于,因为);
speaking
of;
talking
about;
taking…into
consideration;
to
tell
the
truth,
to
be
frank/honest;
to
make
things
/matters
worse,
to
begin
with;
to
be
brief,
to
say
nothing
of(更不用说);to
conclude(总之,最后)等等。
【拓展例析】
例1.(全国卷II
)Though
to
see
us,the
professor
gave
us
a
warm
welcome。
A.
surprise B
was
surprised C.
surprised D.
being
surprised
【答案】C。
【 解析】本题考查的是状语从句的省略,相当于Though
he
was
surprised,be
surprised
to
do中surprised已经形容词化,表明主语的一种状态,即“感到…”。句意:虽然教授
看到我们感到吃惊,但还是热烈地欢迎我们。
【考点优化5】
独立主格结构,有些情况下,非谓语和句子的相关成分并不保持逻辑上的一致,而是自己有自己的逻辑主语,我们把带有逻辑主语的非谓语形式叫做独立主格结构。独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语,与句子间相关成分没有逻辑关系,不用从属连词或并列连词。
【真题例析】
例1.
(重庆卷)The
children
went
home
from
the
grammar
school,
their
lessons
for
the
day.
A.
finishing
B.
finished
C.
had
finished
D.
were
finished
【答案】B。
【解析】句子的主语是the
children,非谓语是finish,它们之间并没有逻辑关系,而是their
lessons和finish之间存在被动的逻辑关系,根据went可知是先完成当天的作业,finish动作发生在谓语动词went之前,用完成式。句意:孩子们完成当天的作业之后,从语法学校回家了。
例1.
(
全国卷II)At
the
beginning
of
class,
the
noise
of
desks
could
be
heard
outside
the
classroom.
A.
opened
and
closed
B.
to
be
opened
and
closed
C.
being
opened
and
closed
D.
to
open
and
close
【答案】C。
【解析】本题考查动名词作主语,自带的逻辑主语是the
noise
of
desks,它们之间存在被动的逻辑关系,而且与谓语动词动作同时发生,用动名词一般式。句意:开始上课的时候,桌子被打开和关上的声音在教室外面都可以听到。
【考点拓展】
独立主格结构在句中作时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语;作主语、宾语等,作主语、宾语的独立主格结构一般是动名词和不定式;作状语的独立主格结构一般是现在分词和过去分词。带逻辑主语的动名词也叫动名词复合结构,“形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+动名词”作主语和宾语;“人称代词宾格或名词+动名词”只作宾语,不作主语。
【拓展例析】
31.
(陕西卷)It
is
difficult
to
imagine
his
the
decision
without
any
consideration.
A.
accept
B.
accepting
C.
to
accept
D.
accepted
【答案】B。
【解析】imagine后接动词+ing形式作宾语,表示“想象,设想;猜想,推测”。his
accepting是动词+ing形式的复合结构。His=him是动名词的逻辑主语。句意:不经过考虑让他做出这个决定是在很难。
【本章总结】
常见的独立主格结构
1.“名词/代词+doing”表示主动或正在进行。如:
The
bell
ringing,
the
students
rushed
out
of
the
classroom.铃声一响,学生们就冲出教室。
2.“名词/代词+having
done”表示主动、完成。如:
The
guests
having
left,
she
began
to
tidy
up
the
room.客人走了之后,她开始打扫屋子。
3.“名词/代词+done”表示被动或完成。如:
His
homework
finished,
Jim
went
to
play
football.家庭作业完成之后,吉姆就出去踢球了。
4.“名词/代词+(being)+形容词”表示名词/代词的性质特征或所处的状态。如:
He
(being)absent,
nothing
could
be
done.他缺席了,什么也干不成了。
5.“名词/代词+介词短语或副词”
表示名词/代词的性质特征或所处的状态。如:
He
came
into
the
lecture
room,
book
in
hand(=with
a
book
in
his
hand).他手里拿着一本书进了演讲厅。
6.“名词/代词+(being)+名词”。如:
It
being
Sunday,
we
needn’t
go
to
school.因为是星期天,所以我们不必上学。
7.“名词/代词+to
do”表示将要发生的动作,常放在句首或句末。如:
His
mother
to
come
tonight,
he
is
busy
preparing
thr
dinner.他妈妈要来,他在忙于准备饭菜。
The
four
of
us
agreed
on
a
division
of
labor,
each
to
translate
a
quarter
of
the
book.我们四个人同意分工干,每人各自翻译全书的四分之一。
8.there
being/to
be+名词/代词。如:
He
expected
there
to
be
enough
room
for
him
to
put
a
desk.他期望有足够的地方放下一张桌子。
Suddenly
he
thought
of
there
being
an
important
meeting
to
attend.他突然想起有一个重要的会议要参加。
9.for/of+“名词/代词+to
do/to
be
done.
For
us
to
help
each
other
is
necessary.
对于我们来说互相帮助是必要。
There
is
not
much
time
for
you
to
get
dressed
for
the
ball.没有足够的时间让你为舞会化妆了。
10.“形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+动名词”—作主语和宾语;“人称代词宾格或名词+动名词”—作宾语。如:
How
about
two
of
us
playing
football
after
class.我们俩来下象棋,怎么样?
Their
being
caught
cheating
in
the
exam
made
their
teacher
ashamed.他们在考试当中舞弊让老师很生气。
【随堂测试】
1.Those
who
take
up
skilled
labor
can
get
higher
.
A.
pays
B.
paying
C.
paid
D.
to
pay
2.You
know
he
is
not
going
to
let
us
leave
early
if
the
work
can’t
done.
A.
got
B.
be
got
C.
have
got
D.
be
getting
3.Let
me
try
now,
the
car
will
be
got
.
A.
started
B.
to
start
C.
starting
D.
start
4.In
a
time
of
social
reform,
people’s
state
of
mind
should
be
got
pace
with
the
rapid
changes
of
society.
A.
kept
B.
to
keep
C.
to
be
kept
D.
keeping
5.He
spent
the
whole
day
in
his
study.
A.
locking
B.
being
locked
C.
locked
D.
to
lock
6.He
was
watching
a
cartoon,
completely
to
the
outside
world.
A.
having
been
lost
B.
losing
C.
to
be
lost
D.
lost
7.The
young
man
in
studying
paid
no
attention
to
the
outside
world.
A.
involved
B.
involving
C.
to
be
involved
D.
being
involved
8.
his
energies
to
being
crazy
about
going
on-line
at
college,
he
can’t
find
a
job.
A.
To
be
devoted
B.
To
devote
C.
Devoted
D.
Having
devoted
9.When
help,
one
often
says
“Thank
you.”
or
“It’s
kind
of
you.”
A.
offering
B.
to
offer
C.
to
be
offered
D.
offered
10.The
man
we
followed
suddenly
stopped
and
looked
as
if
whether
he
was
going
to
the
right
direction.
A.
seeing
B.
having
seen
C.
seen
D.
to
see
11.We
all
know
that,
,
the
situation
will
get
worse.
A.
if
dealt
not
carefully
with
B.
if
only
dealing
carefully
with
C.
if
not
dealt
carefully
with
D.
only
if
dealing
carefully
with
12.When
watching
TV,
.
A.
the
doorbell
rang
B.
the
doorbell
rings
C.
we
heard
the
doorbell
ring
D.
we
heard
the
doorbell
rings
13.He
glanced
about
as
if
something.
A.
searching
B.
searched
C.
is
in
search
of
D.
in
search
of
14.The
boy
is
running
impatiently
here
and
there
as
if
something
lost
on
the
sports
ground.
A.
to
search
B.
searching
C.
searching
for
D.
to
search
for
15.The
idea
for
the
machine
came
to
Mr
Baker
to
his
invention
recently.
A.
while
devoted
B.
while
devoting
himself
C.
while
he
was
devoted
D.
while
devoting
17.John
received
an
invitation
to
dinner,
but
with
his
work
,
he
couldn’t
accept
it.
A.
finished
B.
finishing
C.
having
finished
D.
to
finish
18.With
more
trees
,
huge
quantities
of
good
earth
are
being
washed
away
each
year.
A.
destroying
B.
to
be
destroyed
C.
having
destroyed
D.
being
destroyed
19.Without
the
teacher
us,
none
of
us
tried
our
best
in
the
running.
A.
to
time
B.
timing
C.
time
D.
timed
20.
,
the
more
expensive
the
camera,
the
better
its
quality.
A.
General
speaking
B.
Speaking
general
C.
Generally
speaking
D.
Speaking
generally
【真题演练】
1.(山东卷)I
have
a
lot
of
readings
before
the
end
of
this
term.
A.
completing B. to
complete C.
completed D.
being
completed
2.(浙江卷8).
The
experiment
shows
that
proper
amounts
of
exercise,
if
regularly,
can
improve
our
health.
A.
being
carried
out B.
carrying
out C. carried
out D.
to
carry
out
3.(上海卷)
Lucy
has
a
great
sense
of humour
and
always
keeps
her
colleagues
with
her
stories.
A. amused B.
amusing C.
to
amuse D.
to
be
amused
4.
(湖南卷—21)Every
evening
after
dinner,
if
not
from
work,
I
will
spend
some
time
walking
my
dog.
A.
being
tired
B.
tiring
C.
tired
D.
to
be
tired
5.
(湖南卷)The
trees
in
the
storm
have
been
moved
off
the
road.
A.
being
blown
down
B.
blown
down
C.
blowing
down
D.
to
blow
down
6.
(辽宁卷)Please
remain
;
the
winner
of
the
prize
will
be
announced
soon.
A.
seating
B.
seated
C.
to
seat
D.
to
be
seated
7.
(上海卷)Ideally
for
Broadway
theatre
and
Fifth
Avenue,
the
New
York
Park
hotel
is
a
favourite
with
many
guests.
A.
locating
B.
being
located
C.
having
been
located
D.
located
8.
(重庆卷)
to
reach
them
on
the
phone,
we
sent
an
email
instead.
A.
Fail
B.
Failed
C.
To
fail
D.
Having failed
9.
(
山东卷)The
country
has
already
sent
up
three
unmanned
spacecrafts,
the
most
recent
at
the
end
of
last
March.
A.has
been
launched
B.having
been
launched
C.being
launched
D.to
be
launched
10.
(
山东卷)Please
remain
until
the
plane
has
come
to
a
complete
stop.
A.to
seal
B.to
be
seated
C.seating
D.seated
11.
(安徽卷)John
received
an
invitation
to
dinner,
and
with
his
work
,
he
gladly
accepted
it.
A.
finished
B.
finishing
C.
having
finished
D.
was
finished
12.
(四川卷)The
flowers
his
friend
gave
him
will
die
unless
every
day.
A.
watered
B.
watering
C.
water
D.
to
water
13.
(北京卷)—Excuse
me
sir,
where
is
Room
301
—Just
a
minute.
I’ll
have
Bob
you
to
your
room.
A.
show
B.
shows
C.
to
show
D.
showing
14.
(全国卷Ⅰ)
and
happy,
Tony
stood
up
and
accepted
the
prize.
A.
Surprising
B.
Surprised
C.
Being
surprised
D.
To
be
surprising
15.
(天津卷)A
good
story
does
not
necessarily
have
to
have
a
happy
ending,
but
the
reader
must
not
be
left
.
A.
unsatisfied
B.
unsatisfying
C.
to
be
unsatisfying
D.
being
unsatisfied
16.Faced
with
a
bill
for
$10,000,
.
A.
John
has
taken
an
extra
job
B.
the
boss
has
given
john
an
extra
job
C.
an
extra
job
has
been
taken
D.
an
extra
job
has
been
given
to
John
17.
(山东卷)Five
people
won
the
“China’s
Green
Figure”
award,
a
title
to
ordinary
people
for
their
contributions
to
environmental
protection.
A.
being
given
B.
is
given
C.
given
D.
was
given
18.
(福建卷)
for
the
breakdown
of
the
school
computer
network,
Alice
was
in
low
spirits.
A.
Blaming
B.
Blamed
C.
To
blame
D.
To
be
blamed
【答案解析】
【随堂测试】
1.答案C。get
done结构。句意:那些从事技术工作的人可以拿到高工资。
2.答案B。本题是get
sth.
done结构,即if
we
can’t
get
the
work
done。句意:你知道,如果我们不
把工作做完,他是不会让我们走的。
3.答案C。本题是get
sth.
doing结构,即I’ll
get
the
car
starting。句意:让我试试吧,我会让车发动
起来。
4.答案B。本题为get
sb./sth.
to
do结构,即people
should
get
their
state
of
mind
to
keep
pace
with
the
rapid
changes
of
society。句意:在社会的改革时期,人们的意识形态应该和社会的发展保持一
致。
5.答案C。locked表示状态,不可与spend
sb.
time
in
doing
sth.混淆。句意:他整天把自己锁在书房
里。
6.答案D。(be)lost
to表示一种状态,过去分词形容词化,没有其他形式。句意:他注视着卡通片,完全
与世隔绝了。
7.答案A。
(be)
involved
in“热衷于…沉迷于…”,表示一种状态,过去分词形容词化,没有其他形式。
句意:沉迷于学习的这位年轻人根本注意不到外面的世界。
8.答案D。devote
后有宾语的存在,不可能表状态,只能表动作,找逻辑关系—主动,动作完成。句意:
上大学时由于把精力投入到疯狂的上网上,下在他很难找到工作。
9.答案D。本题考查状语从句的省略,即when
one
is
offered
help。句意:当某人被别人提供帮助的时
候,会说“谢谢”或者“你真好”。
10.答案D。本题考查状语从句的省略,通过对比stop和see这两个动作可知,see是一个为发生动作,
用不定式。句意:我们跟踪的那个人突然停下来,好像要看清他该走那个方向。
11.答案C。本题考查状语从句的省略,the
situation和deal之间是被动的逻辑关系,not是wasn’t,
省略was后因该在dealt之前。句意:我们知道,这是处理不好,情况会越来越糟糕。
12.答案C。考查从句是状语从句的省略,主句应该是能够充当watching的逻辑主语的选项,D项时态不
一致,C项ring作宾语补语。句意:在我们看电视的时候,门铃响了起来。
13.答案D。考查从句是状语从句的省略,he和search之间应该是主动的逻辑关系,但search
something
用法错误,search
for
something才是寻找什么。as
if
in
search
of…=as
if(
he
was)
in
search
of…。
句意:他相周围憋了一眼,好像是在寻找什么东西。
14.答案C。考查从句是状语从句的省略,the
boy和search
for之间应该是主动的逻辑关系。句意:这
孩子没有耐性地这跑那跑好像正在寻找掉在地上那个的东西。
15.答案C。主句的主语The
idea和从句主语不一致,只能用状语从句。句意:当他投身于自己的发明时,
Mr
Baker最近想到了发明这部机器。
16.答案D。主句的主语my
waist和从句主语不一致,只能用状语从句。句意:—你怎么啦?—我在搬动
这只重的箱子时,没想到伤到了我的腰。
17.答案D。本题考查with结构,“不能去”的原因是因为有工作“要做”,为发生动作用不定式。句意:
John收到了请他吃饭的请帖,但他有工作要做,他没能接受邀请。
18.答案D。本题考查with结构,trees和destroy之间存在被动的逻辑关系,destroy和wash
away两
动作同时发生,用现在分词的被动式。句意:随着树木被砍伐,每年有大量的水土流失。答案B。本题
考查with结构,the
teacher和time之间是主动的逻辑关系,“老师计时”和“同学们尽力”同时进行,
用现在分词。句意:由于有老师计时,在跑步过程中没有同学不尽力。
20.答案C。考查独立成分作状语的运用,generally
speaking表示“一般说来”。句意:一般说来,相机
越贵,质量越好。
【真题演练】
1.答案B。由于时间状语before
the
end
of
this
term表达未来的时间,所以空格处使用动词不定式表示
将来,充当readings的定语。注意不是have+宾语+done的结构。句意:这个学期结束前,我有很多
阅读练习要做。
2.答案C。考查状语从句的省略,if
regularly
=if proper
amounts
of
exercise
are
carried
out。
句意:这个实验表明合理的运动量可以促进我们的健康,如果运动量有规律的进行的话。
3.答案A。get/keep
sb./sth.
done结构,过去分词作宾语补足语,过去分词形容词化表示状态,to
be
amused
with表示为发生动作,不合乎句意。句意:Lucy很幽默,常讲一些幽默的故事逗她的同时大
笑。
4.答案C。考查if引导的条件状语从句的省略,从句中还原应为if
I
am
not
tired
from
work,同时be
tired
from也是“be+状态动词的过去分词+介词”结构,tired“感到累了”。句意:每天晚饭后,如果不
是工作劳累,我会花些时间去遛狗。
5.答案B。根据have
been
moved
off可知“被刮到的”,being
blown
down表示“正在被吹倒”;blown
down
表示“被吹倒”;blowing
down
表示“正在吹倒”;to
blow
down表示“就要吹倒”。句意:在暴风
雨中被吹倒的树已被清理出道路。。
6.答案B.
remain意为“保持不变、仍是、剩下、(人)逗留”,是系动词,后面接形容词、过去分词、介词短
语、to
be等作表语,本题seated表示状态,不表动作,过去分词形容词化。句意:请在座位坐好,此
项奖的获胜者很快将宣布。
7.答案D。be
located表示状态,不表示动作,过去分词相当于形容词用,句意:由于其完美的地段,周
边有百老汇剧院和第五大道,纽约公园酒店对许多旅客来说都是一个最佳选择。
8.答案D。该题考查了非谓语的时态问题,fail
to
reach
them
on
the
phone
在we
sent
an
email之前,
所以只能选择现在分词的完成体表原因。句意:由于没有通过电话联系到他们,我们发了一封邮件。
9.答案B。本题考查独立主格结构,the
most
recent
(spacecraft)与launch之间是被动完成,名词/代词
+having
been
done。句意:那个国家最近发射了三颗无人驾驶的宇宙飞船,最近的一颗是在去年三月
底发射的。
10.答案D。remain意为“保持不变、仍是、剩下、(人)逗留”,是系动词,后面接形容词、过去分词、介词
短语、to
be等作表语,本题seated表示状态,不表动作,过去分词形容词化。句意:请做好,直到飞
机完全停下来。
11.答案A。本题考查with结构,根据he
gladly
accepted
it可知工作已经被做完,被动完成,用过去分
词。句意:约翰受到一份吃饭的邀请函,由于工作完成了,他欣然接受了。
12.答案A。本题考查主语从句的省略,the
flowers和water之间存在被动的逻辑关系,用过去分词。句
意:他们有给他的这些花,如果不天天浇水就会死了。
13.答案A。本题考查“have
+宾语+非谓语”结构,根据I’ll
have可知是为发生动作用不带to的不定
式。句意:—对不起,301号房间在哪?—稍等,我让鲍勃带你去。
14.答案B。形容词化的过去分词与形容词构成短语作伴随状语,表示人的心理状态或事物所具有的特点或
特征。句意:Tony站起来领奖时,既惊讶又高兴。
15.答案A。“leave
sb(sth)+过去分词/现在分词/形容词”是常用句型,leave可以指某人处于某种状态。
unsatisfied是过去分词作形容词。“but
the
reader
must
not
be
left
unsatisfied”的意思是“决不能让
读者不满意。”句意:一个好的故事不见得有一个好的结局,但不能留给读者不满意的结尾。
16.答案A。本题间接考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作状语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,显然本句中所说
欠债的是John
而不是老板。句意:面对一张一万元的账单。约翰已经找了份额外的工作。
17答案C。此处是分词作定语。不及物动词的现在分词作定语强调动作正在进行,过去分词强调完成;及
物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动,过去分词强调被动。此处用过去分词given表示被动,a
title
given
to
ordinary
people相当于a
title
which
was
given
to
ordinary
people。句意:五个人获得了“中
国绿色人物奖”,这是一个授予对环境做出贡献的普通人的称号。
18.答案B。be
blamed
for意为“…为(某事)受责备”。动词+ed形容词化,相当于形容词,表示状态。句
意:因为破坏了学校的计算机网络而受责备,爱丽丝情绪很低落。