独立主格结构
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课件14张PPT。高考英语语法复习精品课件： 独立主格结构 （一）构成------独立主格（名词或代词）后接to do, doing, done, 形容词、副词或介词短语构成，
名词(代词) +现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词) +不定式；
名词(代词) +形容词；
名词(代词) +副词；
名词(代词) +介词短语
②在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。
③它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思
④独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语截然不同
（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
4)在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。
5)它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思
1、名词/代词 + to do
We divide the work, he to clean windows and I to sweep the floor.
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on.
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.2、名词/代词 + doing
It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.
There being no bus or taxi then, we had to walk home.
There being nothing else to do, we left.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
3、名词/代词 + done
His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
Her wallet stolen, she had no money to buy even a bus ticket.
因为钱包被偷了，她甚至连买车票的钱也没有了。
1、名词/代词+adj. / adv.
I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed.
条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school.
夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.2、名词/代词 + 介词短语
He came into the classroom, book in hand.
The men ran out of the burning house, many of them with their clothes on fire.
He went off, gun in hand.
The old man stood under a big tree, pipe in mouth.
在这个结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。
He stood under a tree, hand in pocket.
= with a hand in his pocket.
以上结构均可以加上with，构成with的复合结构，其意义和用法同独立主格结构相同。
He came into the classroom, book in hand./
with a book in his hand.
His nose was running and his hands were shaking. He left the theater like that.
His nose running and his hands shaking, he left the theater.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
When the test was finished, we began our holiday
The test finished, we began our holiday.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.１.（由于是星期天）， we decided to go home.
２.(由向导带路)， we set off on foot into the dark night.
３.(有那么多书要读), I can’t kill time by playing cards．
４． At the gate stood a PLA man,（手里握着枪）．
５． （做完家庭作业）， he went to bed． It being Sunday.
２. The guide leading the way (With the guide leading the way)
３．With so many books to read
４．gun in hand （with a gun in his hand）
５．The homework done / finished
（With his homework done / finished） 独立结构，是由独立主格（名词或代词）后接分词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或副词构成，在句中可作 伴随状语、时间状语、原因状语、条件状语或定语
1). The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of that over 600 years old. (高二上：Coins )
2). A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of whom are women. =most of them women.做定语3).The meeting over，we left the room．
4).He returned home，his face pale．
5).Time permitting，we’ll visit the Summer Palace．
6). There being no bus, I have to walk home.
做原因状语做伴随状语做条件状语做原因状语
名词(代词) +现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词) +不定式；
名词(代词) +形容词；
名词(代词) +副词；
名词(代词) +介词短语
②在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。
③它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思
④独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语截然不同
（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
4)在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。
5)它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思
1、名词/代词 + to do
We divide the work, he to clean windows and I to sweep the floor.
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on.
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.2、名词/代词 + doing
It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.
There being no bus or taxi then, we had to walk home.
There being nothing else to do, we left.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
3、名词/代词 + done
His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
Her wallet stolen, she had no money to buy even a bus ticket.
因为钱包被偷了，她甚至连买车票的钱也没有了。
1、名词/代词+adj. / adv.
I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed.
条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school.
夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.2、名词/代词 + 介词短语
He came into the classroom, book in hand.
The men ran out of the burning house, many of them with their clothes on fire.
He went off, gun in hand.
The old man stood under a big tree, pipe in mouth.
在这个结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。
He stood under a tree, hand in pocket.
= with a hand in his pocket.
以上结构均可以加上with，构成with的复合结构，其意义和用法同独立主格结构相同。
He came into the classroom, book in hand./
with a book in his hand.
His nose was running and his hands were shaking. He left the theater like that.
His nose running and his hands shaking, he left the theater.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
When the test was finished, we began our holiday
The test finished, we began our holiday.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.１.（由于是星期天）， we decided to go home.
２.(由向导带路)， we set off on foot into the dark night.
３.(有那么多书要读), I can’t kill time by playing cards．
４． At the gate stood a PLA man,（手里握着枪）．
５． （做完家庭作业）， he went to bed． It being Sunday.
２. The guide leading the way (With the guide leading the way)
３．With so many books to read
４．gun in hand （with a gun in his hand）
５．The homework done / finished
（With his homework done / finished） 独立结构，是由独立主格（名词或代词）后接分词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或副词构成，在句中可作 伴随状语、时间状语、原因状语、条件状语或定语
1). The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of that over 600 years old. (高二上：Coins )
2). A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of whom are women. =most of them women.做定语3).The meeting over，we left the room．
4).He returned home，his face pale．
5).Time permitting，we’ll visit the Summer Palace．
6). There being no bus, I have to walk home.
做原因状语做伴随状语做条件状语做原因状语