备考2011高效学习方案英语高二册：unit 2 news media

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Unit 2　News media
(2009·合肥质检三)每年的三月份，中国的许多学校都开展各种各样的学雷锋活动。请依据下图，写一篇100词左右的英语作文。
________________________________________________________________________
[参考答案]
In most Chinese schools, students are expected to learn from Lei Feng in March, who was a national hero in the 1960s. He has been honored for his kindness, selflessness and willingness to help others. However, some kids have no idea who Lei Feng is. They may even wonder whether he is an actor or a singer. In their minds, heroes are usually related to popular film stars and singers.
So, parents and schools have responsibilities to introduce Lei Feng and teach kids what they should really learn from him. More books about Lei Feng’s stories should be provided for the students in libraries and bookstores. Only in this way can Lei Feng’s spirit be spread from generation to generation.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．______(vt.)　　　　　　　
更新；改造；使现代化；
为……提供最新消息
2．______(vt.) 武装；用武器装备
　 (n.) (常用复数)武器；兵器
3．______(vt.) 使担忧；使烦恼；对……负
责任；与……有牵连
　 (n.) 担心；忧虑；焦急
4．______(n.) 事；事情；(常用复数)事务
5．______(vt.) 忍受；容忍
6．______(n.) 努力；艰难的尝试；努力的
成果
7．______(vt.) 反映；表现；反射(光、热、
声等)；映出；反省
8．______(vt.) 呈现；描述；介绍；赠送
　 (adj.) 现在的；在场的；出席 的
9．______(vt.) 损害；伤害；使蒙受损失
10．______(vt. & vi.) 选举；推选
11．______(n.) 原因；动机；理性；道理
　(vt. & vi.) 说服；推论；劝说
12．______(n.) 面临；面对；正视
13．______(n.) 宣传工具；新闻媒体；传媒
[答案]
1．update　2.arm　3.concern　4.affair　5.tolerate
6．effort　7.reflect　8.present　9.injure　10.elect
11．reason　12.face　13.media
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．retire→______(adj.)退役的，退休的→______(n.)退休，引退，退却
2．addict→______(n.)有瘾的人，入迷的人→______(n.)沉溺，上瘾→______(adj.)上瘾的
3．disappoint→______(adj.)令人失望的→______(adj.)感到失望的→______(n.)失望，令人失望的人或事物
4．injure→______(adj.)受伤的，受损害的→______(n.)伤害，侮辱
5．inform→______(n.)告密者，控告者，通知的人→______(n.)信息
6．reliable→______(n.)可靠性→______(n.)信任，信赖
[答案]
1．retired; retirement　2.addict; addiction; addictive
3．disappointing; disappointed; disappointment
4．injured; injury　5.informer; information
6．reliability; reliance
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．look up ______ 尊敬；钦佩
2．______ doing sth. 忍受做……
3．rather ______ 而不是
4．more ______ 超过，不仅仅
5．______ all sides 在各方面；到处
6．draw attention ______ 对……表示注意
7．adapt ______ 适应
8．be addicted ______ 沉溺于
9．______ once 就这(那)一次
10．relate...______... 与……有关；涉及
11．burn ______ (使)烧成平地；烧毁
12．go ______ 上升；增长；攀登
[答案]
1．to　2.tolerate　3.than　4.than　5.on　6.to
7．to　8.to　9.for　10.to　11.down　12.up
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．What do you think of....？你认为……怎么样？
2．It was the first time that I had written with real passion...这是我第一次用自己的热情来写作。
Ⅴ.重点语法
The Past Participle Used as Attribute and Predicative(过去分词作定语和表语)
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
1．inform v. 通知，告知；informed adj. 明智的，有知识的，了解情况的
[思维拓展]
keep sb. informed告知某人
inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事
inform sb. that－clause通知某人……
inform sb.＋疑问词＋to do
[指点迷津]
英语中习惯与of搭配的动词有：
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
remind sb. of sth.使某人记起某事
cure sb.of sth.使某人恢复健康
①I informed her mother of her safe arrival.
②He will inform us where to go.
③His letter informed us that a big fire had broken out.
④You should keep us informed whenever you are in trouble.
The president promised to keep all the board members ______ of how the negotiations were going on.
A. informed　　　　　　 B. inform
C. be informed D. informing
解析：根据句式结构，此空格处应作为all the board members的宾语补足语出现，根据句意，inform与all the board members之间应构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应选择过去分词。
答案：A
2．patient adj. 忍耐的；容忍的；有耐心的；n. 耐心
[思维拓展]
be patient with sb.容忍某人
be patient of sth.对某事耐心
①You should be more patient with others.
②He was patient of hardships.
③He is a patient worker.
I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ______.
A. wait B. time
C. patience D. rest
解析：依据题意，此处应用“耐心”之意。A、B、D意义均不适合。
答案：C
3．effort n. [C，U]努力，艰难的尝试，努力的成果
[思维拓展]
make an effort努力；尽力
make a good/great effort to do sth.
尽很大努力做某事
make every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort(s) to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
without effort毫不费力地
with (an) effort费力地
[指点迷津]
“努力；尽力”的表达法：
make an effort to do sth.
spare no effort(s) to do sth.
try one’s best to do sth.
do one’s best to do sth.
do all/everything(that) one can to do sth.
do what one can to do sth.
take all/every possible means to do sth.
take great trouble to do sth.
①It took a lot of effort to lift the heavy stone.
②Despite all our efforts we were still beaten.
③The prisoner made no effort to escape.
④It’s not my fault. I have spared no effort.
On the day before the party, Mr. Smith told his wife to ______ no effort to make sure the guests enjoyed themselves.
A. share B. make
C. spend D. spare
解析：spare no effort to do sth.“不遗余力地做某事”是固定短语。
答案：D
Finishing the work in one day was a very good ______. After all, he’s still a child.
A. trial B. effect
C. effort D. affect
解析：A项为“尝试”；B项为“影响”；C项为“努力的结果”；D项为“影响”，为动词。
答案：C
4．relate v. (和……)相关，涉及；把……与……联系起来(与to连用)；讲述，陈述；relation n. 关系；亲戚；related adj. 有关系的；与……有亲戚关系的
[思维拓展]
relate to有关，涉及；与……有关；有良好关系，认同
relate sb. to sth.把某人与某事联系起来
strange to relate (作插入语)说也奇怪
be related to与……有关系
close relations近亲
distant relations远亲
relations by marriage姻亲
in/with relation to有关
①The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to the increase in unemployment.
②Strange to relate, they never met again.
③She doesn’t relate very well to her mother.
④They invited all their relations to stay at Christmas.
The matter ______ your fate cannot be taken for granted.
A. relating to B. related to
C. relate to D. to relate to
解析：be related to“与……有关”，此处为过去分词充当形容词作matter的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句：The matter which is related to your fate。
答案：B
5．bore v. 厌烦，使烦恼
boring adj. 令人厌烦的(常指事物，也可指人)
bored adj. 感到厌烦的(常用来说明人)
[思维拓展]
bore sb. with sth.用某事烦扰某人
be bored with...对……感到厌烦
bore sb. to death/tears烦死了某人
a boring evening一个百无聊赖的晚上
Mr. Smith, ______ of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
解析：(Mr. Smith) is tired of...“(人)对……感到厌倦”，tired of短语作定语修饰Mr. Smith；空二则是“令人厌烦的演讲”，故用boring修饰speech。
答案：A
[思维拓展]
take a walk散步
take a trip/journey旅行
take a photo/picture照相
take exercise锻炼
take a vacation度假
take an exam参加考试
take an action采取行动
take measures采取措施
take a shower洗淋浴
take medicine服药
①He took another look at himself in the glass before he left.
②Please take a careful look at his mark.
She is ______ history at university so you can’t see her as usual.
A. taking B. mastering
C. learning D. working
解析：由句意可知：“她在大学攻读历史，因此你不会像往常一样看到她。”空格处应表示动作，故而B、C均不合适；D项语义不符。
答案：A
2．change one’s mind改变主意
[思维拓展]
call/bring sth. to mind回忆起某事
be in two minds拿不定主意，不肯定
make up one’s mind下决心
be in one’s mind有……想法
have an open mind头脑开放
bear sth. in mind继续思考某事；记住
①To my mind you’re quite wrong.
②Have you made up your mind what to do next
Since getting to know him better, I’ve ______ about him.
A. changed my mind B. made up my mind
C. spoken my mind D. known my own mind
解析：A项“改变对……的看法”；B项为“下决心”；C项为“坦率直言”；D项为“有自己的想法”。
答案：A
3．on the other hand另一方面，可以与on (the) one hand对应使用
[思维拓展]
for one thing..., for another...一则……，再则……
for one thing..., also...一则……，再则……
on one hand..., on the other hand...
一方面……，另一方面……
one..., the other...一个……，另一个……
some..., others...一些……，另一些……
one..., another..., the third...
一个……，另一个……，第三个……
①He was praised by his teacher on one hand, but blamed by his friends on the other (hand)．
②On one hand you accept her presents; on the other hand, you are rude to the whole family. What really is your attitude to them
He is very clever, but ______， he makes many mistakes.
A. also B. for another
C. on the one hand D. on the other hand
解析：依据题意，此处上下文应表达转折含义，且该处单独使用。
答案：D
4．burn down烧毁
[指点迷津]
burn down烧毁；使烧毁；由于燃料烧尽而渐弱，强调破坏性；
burn up烧尽；烧光；(火、炉子等)烧起来，旺起来，强调动作的结果。
[思维拓展]
burn to ashes烧成灰烬
burn to the ground烧毁
burn one’s fingers自作自受，自食其果
burn away烧毁，烧光，烧掉
burn off烧掉
burn out烧空；烧完自灭；烧坏；耗尽
burning cheeks通红发烫的双颊
a burning fever发高烧
burning sand烫脚的沙子
①The houses were burnt down (to the ground) by the enemy soldiers.
②Put some wood on the fire and make it burn up.
Her face was badly ______ by the hot sun while she was working in the countryside.
A. burnt B. hurt
C. hit D. shone
解析：by the hot sun是信息语。本句意为：在乡下工作时她的脸被烈日晒黑了。
答案：A
5．be on fire for感情激动的，对……着迷，狂热
[思维拓展]
be on fire失火，着火(状态)
catch fire (＝take fire)失火，着火(动作)
control the fire控制火势
discover a fire发现起火
light/start a fire点火
make a fire生火
put out the fire灭火
set fire to sth.(＝set sth. on fire)
放火烧……；使……着火
open fire开火
watch the fire围观大火
—The prison was ______ fire last night.
—Someone must have set fire ______ it.
A. on; with B. on; to
C. over; with D. over; to
解析：be on fire“失火，着火”；set fire to sth.“放火烧……”；都为固定搭配。
答案：B
He can’t understand why so many young people are ______ for his songs.
A. on fire B. playing with fire
C. lighting a fire D. opening fire
解析：A项除表示“失火、着火”，还可以表示“对……着迷”；B项表示“玩火”；C项表示“点火”；D项表示“开火”。
答案：A
6．for once就这/那一次＝just for once＝for this once＝just for this once
[思维拓展]
all at once突然；同时
once and for all永远地；一劳永逸地
once in a while偶尔地
once more/again再一次
once upon a time从前(用于开始讲故事)
at once立刻；同时
[指点迷津]
once意为“一次；曾经；一度”。
①Don’t speak (all) at once; please answer my questions one by one.
②They go out together once in a while but not very often.
③Once upon a time, there lived a man by the name of Joe Beef in a deep forest.
④For once he was telling the truth.
Do let me stay up late tonight, mummy—______.
A. all at once B. just for this once
C. at once D. once in a while
解析：本题题意为“就让我今晚晚点睡吧，妈妈——就这一次”。A项为“同时，突然”；B项为“就这一次”；C项为“同时，立刻”，D项为“偶尔地”。
答案：B
7．go up [反] go down
①上升，增长，提高(＝rise, increase)
②上升；攀登
③向(河等的)上游而去
④沿(街)而去
⑤被兴建/建造
⑥被炸毁
[思维拓展]
go against违背
go over走过去，过一遍
go with与……配套/搭配
go along沿……走
go down下降
①The temperature has gone up.
②There is a path going up to the mountain top.
③The boat was going up the river.
④A cheer went up in the hall.
He tried to go away without being noticed by the teacher, but luck ______ him.
A. went with B. went against
C. went along D. went over
解析：go with“与……一起去”；go along“沿着……走”；go over“走过去”；从but表示的转折意义来看，应为luck went against him，“但幸运却远离了他”。
答案：B
8．cause trouble (for)给……带来麻烦/烦恼
[思维拓展]
ask/look for trouble自找麻烦，自寻烦恼
be in trouble处于困境，有麻烦
get into trouble陷入困境
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
make trouble惹麻烦
put a person to trouble给某人添麻烦
take trouble to do费神做，不辞劳苦地去做
I’m sorry to have put you ______ the trouble ______ my bike.
A. into; of changing B. to; of changing
C. to; to change D. into; to change
解析：put sb. to the trouble of doing是固定搭配，“麻烦某人做……”。
答案：B
9．look up to尊敬，敬重
[思维拓展]
look back on/upon回顾；回想
look down upon/on蔑视，看不起
look for寻找
look forward to期望，盼望
look into调查
look on sb. as...把……看作……
look out (for)当心，注意
look over迅速地查看
look through审核，仔细查看
look up向上看；查阅
[指点迷津]
look down upon与look up to意义正好相反。
look还可用作连系动词，不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态，后跟形容词作表语。
①I’m really looking forward to your party.
②This is a report looking into the causes of unemployment.
③I look on him as my friend.
In some areas of the world, women are ______， fortunately the situation is changing.
A. looked for
B. looked after
C. looked down upon
D. looked up on
解析：look down upon/on sb.“轻视/瞧不起某人”。
答案：C
10．suffer from遭受
[思维拓展]
suffer可用作及物动词，但无被动语态，宾语通常是pain, loss, defeat, punishment, hardship等；
suffer from表示“受……之苦”和“患(某种)疾病”；
suffering是suffer的派生词，意为“苦难”。pl. 种种痛苦，苦难的经历。
①The injured man was still suffering.
②His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking.
③The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.
___ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
C. Having suffered
D. Being suffered
解析：suffer与主语之间是主动关系，且动作先于谓语has to take...之前发生，故用现在分词的主动式的完成式。
答案：C
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．The two reporters agree to switch roles for once and be the interviewees rather than the interviewers...两位记者同意转换一次角色，充当被采访者而不是采访者……
rather than此处相当于and not，意为“而不是”。
[指点迷津]
rather than常用在平行结构中，如：prefer to do rather than do, would do rather than do等。
①rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上一致。
②rather than接不定式时，可以带to，也可以省略，在置于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。
[思维拓展]
rather than的用法：
连接名词或代词；连接副词或形容词；连接介词或动名词；连接不定式；连接分句；连接并列动词；连接介词短语
①He’s an explorer rather than a sailor.
②She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
③We should help him rather than he should help us.
④We’ll meet in the classroom rather than in the hall.
Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride
C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
解析：本句是考查prefer to do...rather than do...结构，且把rather than提前到句首。
答案：C
______ trouble, I prefer forgetting the whole affair.
A. Rather than cause
B. Rather than to cause
C. Rather than causing
D. Rather causing
解析：rather than后的结构与前面保持平行，如：I’d like to paint the door brown rather than red.
答案：C
2．I like the story because it was the first time that I had written with real passion and because it made me realise that everyone’s life is different.我喜欢这个故事，因为那是我第一次怀着真正的激情写作，也因为它使我意识到每个人的生活都是不同的。
It was the first time (that)．..是固定句式， it也可换成this或that; first也可换成second, third等以表达不同的意义。
[注]该句式的that从句中的谓语动词通常用完成时态，在描述过去的事情时，通常用过去完成时态。
[指点迷津]
当主句为将来时态时，从句的谓语动词要用现在完成时。
the first time可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
①It will be the first time that I haven’t been abroad.
②This will be the first time that I have visited China.
③The first time (that) I saw her, my heart stopped.
④The first time I went to Beijing, I visited the Summer Palace.
I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
解析：此处需用the first time引导时间状语从句，而B项只能单独作状语，不引导从句。
答案：C
3．My favourite article is the one I wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.我最喜欢的一篇文章是我写的一篇关于如何努力把被盗文物带回中国的文章。
the one在句中作表语，起替代作用，以免重复。
[指点迷津]
one, the one, ones, the ones, it, that与those的指代用法。
①one指代上文的单数可数名词，指“同一类中的一个”，表示泛指意义，即a/an＋单数可数名词。
②the one指代上文的单数可数名词，可以用形容词放在one之前修饰， one后也可以接后置定语修饰，专指“同一类的那/这一个”，表示特指意义，即the＋单数可数名词。
③ones指上文的复数可数名词，表“同类中的许多”，表示泛指意义。
④the ones指上文的复数可数名词，ones之前可以有形容词修饰，也可以用后置定语修饰，专指“同类中的那/这一些”，表示特指，即the＋可数名词复数。
⑤it指上文提到的同一事物，与前面名词是同一个，表特指，即the/所有格/that/this＋单数可数名词。
⑥that指上文出现的名词，表示同类的东西，一般不指代人，既可以指代可数名词单数，又可以指代不可数名词，常要求有后置定语修饰，表特指。
⑦those用来指代复数可数名词，常要求有后置定语，表示特指，即the＋复数可数名词，可以与the ones通用。
Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ______ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones
C. some D. the others
解析：句子中出现all the pupils和except证明空格处特指的“那些学生”，即the students，用those或the ones指代。
答案：A
4．Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth.勇敢而又强壮的行动者在工厂外与工人们进行了交谈，并留下了有关保护地球的积极性宣言。
Brave and strong是形容词作方式状语，此外，也可用作原因、时间、条件等状语。
Stone－faced, the captain ordered to reduce speed.
Too nervous to reply, he stared at the floor.
Ripe, these apples are sweet.
Fresh from the oven, rolls are delicious.
When he arrived there, he found the man lying on the ground ______.
A. died B. dead
C. death D. to die
解析：根据句意“他发现那个人躺在地上，死了。”该句应该用形容词作状语，表示方式。
答案：B
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