备考2011高效学习方案英语高二册：unit 13 the water planet

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Unit 13　The water planet
(2009·宁波期末)春节即将来临，你打算用以往攒下的压岁钱给父母买一件礼物。
请以“A present for my parents”为题写—篇文章。
该文章必须包括以下内容：
1．你送的礼物：—张健康俱乐部的贵宾卡；
2．你父母亲的现状：父亲是教师，工作很辛苦；母亲喜欢读书，但缺乏运动；
3．你送该礼物的原因；
4．该礼物对他们可能产生的影响和带来的变化。
注意：
1．文章应包括以上所有信息，要有适当发挥。
2．词数：150左右。文章的开头已经写好，不计人总词数。
A present for my parents
The Spring Festival is coming and I want to give my parents a present.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[参考答案]
A present for my parents
The Spring Festival is coming and I want to give my parents a present. That is a VIP card of a health club. My father works hard as a teacher, spending most of his time at school. My mother and I sometimes accompany him in his office till a late hour. So I know that my father works with great effort. My mother loves reading and often dives into piles of books. But she seldom does exercise.
As I grow up, they are getting older. Both of them should exercise more but neither is doing enough. With the health club membership, I hope that they will find time to do more exercise.
I want to give them this present to express my love and thanks to them. I think that they will relax in the health club and make more friends. At the same time, I hope with more exercise, they will enjoy better health. What’s more, they could spend more time with each other together.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．______(vt.)　　 　 　　 信任；相信
2．______(n.) 物质；主旨
3．______(vi. & vt.) (使)漂浮
4．______(adj.) 唯一的，独特的
5．______(vi.) (在一定范围内)变动；变化
6．______(n.) 特性；性质；财产
7．______(n. & vt.) 运输；运送
[答案]
1．trust　2.substance　3.float　4.unique
5．range　6.property　7.transport
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．stable→______(n.)稳定性
2．sensitive→______(adj.反义词)通情达理的，明智的，懂事的；(数量)相当大的
3．decrease→______(反义词)增加
4．pure→______(v.)使纯净；净化
5．freezing→______(v.)→______(adj.)冰冻的
6．relative→______(v.)→______(n.)关系；联系；亲戚→______(n.)相对性；相关性
7．benefit→______(adj.)有益的；受益的
8．cube→______(adj.)立方体的；立方的
[答案]
1．stability　2.sensible　3.increase　4.purify
5．freeze; frozen　6.relate; relation; relativity
7．beneficial　8.cubic
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．contribute ______ 为……作出贡献；捐献
2．______ to do sth. 设法做成某事
3．turn ______ 结果(是)；证明是
4．play a trick ______ 开……的玩笑
5．call ______ 召集；打电话
6．be sensitive ______ 对……敏感的
7．______ with 与……混合
8．give ______ 释放；放出
9．be ______ to 对……可用的
10．break ______ 分解；垮掉；毁掉
11．take advantage ______ 对……加以利用
12．come up ______ 想出；找出
13．______ the way 一直；一路上
14．benefit ______ 从……中获益
[答案]
1．to　2.manage　3.out　4.on　5.in　6.to　7.mix
8．off　9.available　10.down　11.of　12.with
13．all　14.from
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a stable environment.
水能吸引并释放很多的热量而温度变化不大，因此创造了一个稳定的环境。
2．The density of living creatures is higher than in any other habitat on earth.
生物的密度比地球上任何其他栖息地的密度都要大。
Ⅴ.重点语法
Modal Verbs(情态动词)
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
1．range n. & v. 范围；(在一定范围内)变动，变化；排列
[思维拓展]
a wide range of temperature气温变化大
within range在……范围之内
at short range在近距离内
range from 5 to 15 在5至15岁之间
range＋宾语＋adv./prep. 排列；把……排列成行
①Several cars are available within this price range.
②Shout as soon as she comes within range.
③He shot the rabbit at short range.
④She ranged the goods neatly in the shop window.
I’ll try my best, but I’m afraid that high note is beyond my ______.
A. voice　　　 　 　　　 B. range
C. limit D. sense
解析：本题题意为“我会尽我所能，但恐怕那个高音我唱不上去”。此处应指“变化的幅度”，应该用range。
答案：B
2．mass n. & adj. & v. 大量；大量的；聚集，聚拢
[思维拓展]
a mass of sand一堆沙子
a mass of green一片绿色
a mass of treasure大宗财宝
the masses of the people人民群众
①A great mass of rock had fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road.
②There are masses of people here.
③The mass of voters are in favor of these proposals.
④Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.
The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ______ pictures of them.
A. many of　　　　 　 　 B. masses of
C. the number of D. a large amount of
解析：masses of“大量的”，后可跟可数或不可数名词；the number of“……的数目”；a large amount of后接不可数名词；many of后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意思是“……中的许多”。
答案：B
3．benefit n. & v.
[思维拓展]
n. [U]好处，益处，利益
n. [C，U]救济金；津贴
n. [C]义演，善举
v. 有益于，有利于，有助于；获益，受益
①She has had the benefit of a first－class education.
②It was just a benefit for old actors.
③For the benefit of those people who arrived late, I’ll just go over the plan again.
④It’s an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run.
Who is most likely to ______ the old lady’s death
A. benefit　　　　　 　 　 B. benefit from
C. do good to D. interest
解析：题意为“谁最有可能从老妇人的死亡中获益？”英语中表示“从……获益”用benefit from。do good to表示“对……有益”。
答案：B
4．freeze v. (froze, frozen; freezing) (使)结冰，(使)冻住
[思维拓展]
freezing point冰点
freeze...to death冻死
freeze over使表面结冰，封冻
freeze up冻结
below freezing低于冰点
a freezing cold night寒冷彻骨的夜晚
frozen peas冻豌豆
①Water freezes at the temperature of 0℃.
②Do you think it will freeze tonight
③The mountain climbers were lost in the snow, and nearly froze to death.
Our professor told us that salt water ______ at a lower temperature than fresh water.
A. is freezing B. was frozen
C. freezes D. froze
解析：分析题意可知，海水结冰的温度比淡水低，空格处需表示“结冰”之意，由此排除A、B，又因句子表达了一个客观真理，所以需用一般现在时。
答案：C
Ⅱ.短语突破
1．call in
[思维拓展]
call in召开，邀请；收回，要求归还
call up打电话；回忆起；把……召唤回来
call back回电话；再来(访问)
call for需要；去接(某人)；要求；把……召来
call out出动；召集
call off取消；下令停止
call on/upon对……做短时间访问；要求某人做某事
call at some place拜访某处
①The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.
②That remark was not called for.
③I’ll call for you at 6 o’clock.
④The football match was called off because of the snow.
I ______ him, but he happened to be out. I left a message for him and told him I would ______ his house.
A. called for; call up B. called on; call back
C. called at; call in D. called on; call at
解析：call for意思是“来喊(某人)”；call up是“打电话”；call back是“回电话”；call in“召集”；call on是“拜访”的意思，call on sb.“拜访某人”，call at＋sp.“拜访某地”。
答案：D
2．come up with
[思维拓展]
come up with想出(计划，答复等)；提出
come up to比得上，不亚于，达到
come up引起注意，得到考虑；发生；走近
come up against碰到，遭到(反对等)
catch up with追上，赶上
keep up with跟上
①Your question came up at the meeting.
②I’ll let you know if anything comes up.
③The company has come up with a solution to the problem of equipment.
I’ll be late home because something has just ______ at work.
A. come up with B. come up
C. take place D. break out
解析：本题题意为“我要回家晚一些，因为刚才工作上出了点儿事”。此处空格表示“发生”。A项表示“想出；提出”；B项come up特指“意想不到地发生”；C项take place表示“按计划、安排发生”；D项指“(战争、火灾)突然发生”。
答案：B
3．agree on
[思维拓展]
agree with
agree on sth.(双方)就……达成共识
in agreement意见一致
in agreement with...同意/赞同……
nod to show one’s agreement点头表示同意
by mutual agreement经彼此同意
reach (come to, arrive at) an agreement达成协议
break an agreement违反协议(定)
conclude/make an agreement(on...)
签定(关于……的)协议
The customer bargained with the shopkeeper for a long time, and finally they agreed ______ the price.
A. to B. with
C. on D. at
解析：此处考查agree短语的用法，agree on“在(价格等)上双方达成一致”，agree to“同意(建议、计划等)”。
答案：C
4．take advantage of
[思维拓展]
advantage→disadvantage
take advantage of sb.欺骗某人
take advantage of sth.利用某物……
have the advantage of有……优点；较某人有利
to sb’s advantage对某人有利，有助于某人
You have the advantage of me.你比我强。
have/gain/win an advantage over占(获得)优势
be at a disadvantage处于不利地位
to one’s disadvantage对某人不利
[指点迷津]
advantage与benefit
advantage指物质利益及竞争中所占的优势或有利地位；benefit指“利益，益处”，兼指物质或精神利益的好处。
As he already knew French, he got much ______ from reading French novels, and his fluency in the French language makes him have ______ the rest of the competitors.
A. advantage; an advantage to
B. benefit; an advantage over
C. benefit; the benefit of
D. advantage; a benefit to
解析：第一空应表示“读优秀小说使他受益匪浅”；第二空表示“给某人胜过他人的有利条件”。用advantage。give sb. the benefit of sth.“为某人的……行为作善意解释”。
答案：B
5．a variety of
[思维拓展]
n. variety; adj. various
adv. variously; v. vary
[指点迷津]
①a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的(后接可数名词)
②a number of＝numbers of许多(接可数名词)
③a lot of＝lots of许多(接可数或不可数名词)
①The shirt is available in a variety of colours.
②There has been snow today in various parts of the country.
③The weather varied from very cold to quite mild.
There is ______ furniture in that old house, which was built in the 17th century.
A. a variety of
B. a large number of
C. large numbers of
D. a lot of
解析：B、C“许多的；大量的”之意，修饰可数名词，a variety of或varieties of后面接复数名词，如：a variety of reasons“种种原因”，varieties of stamps“各种邮票”，因此以上短语全部排除，因为furniture是不可数名词。a lot of接可数或不可数名词。
答案：D
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．With the right kind of body, it is possible to float around in the ocean and let the water do the work.有了合适的体形，它就可能在水中漂游，让水发挥作用。
该句中出现了it is possible to do sth.这一固定句型。英语中可以用likely, possible, probable这三个形容词表示可能，但其构成的句式各有特点：
sb. is possible to do sth.(×)
It is likely＋that－clause
sb. is likely to do sth.
It’s likely for sb. to do sth.(×)
It’s probable＋that－clause
It is probable to do sth.(×)
sb. is probable to do sth.(×)
We found it ______ for him to do the task.
A. possible B. likely
C. probable D. possibly
解析：根据句式结构，此处it为形式宾语，其后应该用形容词作宾语补足语，故可排除D；因为probable与likely不用于it is＋adj.＋(for sb.)to do sth.句式中，故可排除B、C两项。
答案：A
2．Water is actually quite simple, but the way the water molecule is formed gives water its unique properties.水实际上相当简单，但是水分子形成的方式使得水具有了独一无二的特性。
该句中the way the water molecule is formed是由the way作先行词，省略了关系词that或in which的定语从句。当the way作先行词表达方式时，其后所跟的定语从句关系词用that, in which或直接省略。
What surprised me most was not what he said but ______ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
解析：本题题意为“最使我吃惊的并不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式”。A项可以理解为the way后省略了关系词；B、C项in为多余的，D项中的which只可作关系代词使用。
答案：A
3．The water in the oceans also keeps the temperature of the earth steady by absorbing and giving off heat.海洋中的水也通过吸收和放出热量保持地球温度稳定。
该句中keep为使役动词，可以构成“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。在keep后可以充当宾语补足语的有：介词短语、副词、现在分词、过去分词、形容词等，keep表示“使……保持(某种状态)”。
His illness kept him in bed for months.
Sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
This coat will keep you warm.
[指点迷津]
keep...from doing与keep...doing含义不同，前者表示“阻止某人干某事”后者表示“使某人(物)处于某种状态”。两者不可混淆。
If city noises ______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to
B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to
D. don’t keep; have to
解析：city noises作主语，谓语须用被动语态，故排除C、D两项。if从句用一般时代替将来时态，而主句要用将来时。
答案：A
4．Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties, the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point.尽管纯水决定了海水的主要特性，但海水的含盐量之高决定了它的重量和冰点。
该句中even though引导了一个让步状语从句。
[思维拓展]
even though(＝even if＝no matter whether)即使
as though(＝as if)似乎，好像
even so即使如此，虽然如此
—Will you go to Mary’s birthday party
—No, ______ invited, I can’t go to it; I’ll be too busy, then.
A. if B. unless
C. even though D. when
解析：学生很容易误选B，由后句I can’t go to it; I’ll be too busy, then.可知，空白处表达的意思是“即使被邀请”，其完整的句子应为even though I am invited。
答案：C
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