备考2011高效学习方案英语高二册：unit 18 inventions

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Unit 18　Inventions
(2009·兰州诊断)假设你是卜曼宜，你购买了一部某外国公司生产的手机，因有质量问题，要求该公司更换。请根据下列要点，用英文写一封电子邮件。
要点：
1．问题：手机不响铃，不能发短信；该产品已售完，无法更换；型号新，无配件，无法维修。
2．要求：公司应尽快予以更换。
注意：
1．词数为100左右；
2．参考词汇：配件－－spare part；
3．电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好(不计入你所写词数)。
Dear Sir，
I am writing to you for the mobile phone of Dephone－S250 I bought on 20th Apr. 2008 at Tele Mall in Wuhan, P．R. China.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely yours，
Bu Manyi
[参考答案]
Dear Sir，
I am writing to you for the mobile phone of Dephone－S250 I bought on 20th Apr.2008 at Tele Mall in Wuhan, P．R. China. Ten days after that, it didn’t ring and send short messages. Then I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one.
Later I went to the repairman. He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. I was so desperate on hearing that. How can I wait that long Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely yours，
Bu Manyi
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．______(n.)　　　　　　试；试验；审判
2．______(adj.) 以前的；先的
3．______(adv.) 不然；否则
4．______(n.) 专利；专利权；专利证
[答案]
1．trial　2.previous　3.otherwise　4.patent
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．trial→______(v.)尝试
2．aware→______(n.)意识
3．connection→______(v.)连结
4．possibility→______(adj.)→______(adv.)也许
5．creative→______(v.)→______(n.)创造
6．officer→______(n.)→______(adj.)官方的
[答案]
1．try　2.awareness　3.connect　4.possible; possibly
5．create; creation　6.office; official
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．keep ______ of 保持联系；记录
2．______ all 毕竟；别忘了
3．______ and error 反复实验；不断摸索
4．now ______ 既然；因为
5．be similar ______ 与……相似
6．break ______ tears 大哭起来
7．be ______ of 知道；意识到
8．get ______ 陷进去；遇到困难
9．______ with... 像……一样
[答案]
1．track　2.after　3.trial　4.that　5.to
6．into　7.aware　8.stuck　9.as
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again.
你永远不必担心自行车再次被偷。
2．This new invention will make it possible for people to do...
这种新的发明使人们做……成为可能。
3．the＋比较级……；the＋比较级……
4．now (that)引导原因状语从句
Ⅴ.重点语法
Review the Attributive Clause(复习定语从句)
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
He wasn’t aware of the danger.他没有意识到危险。
Is she aware that I’m coming？她知道我要来吗？
[指点迷津]
aware后跟名词性从句时，一般在从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。
Also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously ______ situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
A. aware of　　　　　　 B. worried about
C. familiar with D. accustomed to
解析：aware of“知道”。句意为：当你以特殊的方式写出自己的目标时，你能够知道自己在接近目标的位置。
答案：A
2．otherwise conj. 否则；adv. 在其他方面；除此以外；不同地
[指点迷津]
otherwise用作连词，意为“否则……，要不然……”，相当于if not, or else，在使用时必须有上下文。另外otherwise可以用于虚拟语气句中，本身相当于一个条件状语从句。如：He wasn’t treated in time. Otherwise he wouldn’t have died.他未能得到及时治疗，否则就不会死。
①Let’s hurry up, otherwise we’ll be late again.
②The price is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.
Listen to your parents. ______ you will regret.
A. Otherwise B. Unless
C. However D. Nevertheless
解析：unless“除非”，however“无论如何”，nevertheless“尽管”，由句意“听你父母的话，不然你会后悔的”。可知用otherwise“否则，要不然的话”。
答案：A
3．reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制 n. 被拒绝或抛弃的人或物
reject a gift/a possibility/an opinion/a suggestion
拒绝接受一件礼物/一种可能性/一条意见/一项建议
reject a request拒绝请求
reject one’s idealist view去掉唯心的观点
rejects from an officers training course军官培训课程不合格者
[指点迷津]
考生常将reject与refuse混淆：
refuse指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式；reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。
It made the young writer disappointed that several publishers ______ his manuscript(原稿)．
A. took B. rejected
C. hated D. appreciated
解析：从上文中的“disappointed”一词来看，青年作家的原稿应该是被几家出版社“拒绝”才合适，所以选项B符合题意。
答案：B
4．compare vt. & vi. 比较，相比，比喻
[思维拓展]
compare A with B　把A和B进行比较
compare A to B　把A比喻为B
compared with/to...与……相比(作插入性状语)
beyond compare无与伦比的，不可及的
compare notes对比笔记；交换意见
①He began to compare himself with the farmers.
②Young people are often compared to rising sun.
______ this ______ that, and you will see which is better.
A. Compare; to B. Compared; with
C. Compared; to D. Compare; with
解析：根据上下文结构可知，and前面应是一个祈使句，故compare应是原形构成祈使句。compare this with that是“把这个与那个相比较”；compare this to that“把这个比作那个”。根据题意，答案应选D。
答案：D
Ⅱ.短语突破
Allowing for the train being late, we should be back by 10∶30.
把火车晚点考虑在内我们应该在10点半之前回来。
[指点迷津]
allow与hope后面的搭配刚好相反：
It takes about an hour to get there, ______ possible traffic delays.
A. allowed for　　　　　　 B. allowing for
C. allowing D. allowed
解析：该处需用现在分词作状语。allow for为固定搭配，意思是“考虑到；把……计算在内”，而allow意思是“允许”。根据上下文的提示，选项B符合题意。
答案：B
2．keep track of保持联系；时刻了解……的动态，掌握……的线索
[思维拓展]
follow sb.’s/sth.’s track循着某人/物的足迹
cover one’s track隐匿行踪
lose track of失去……的线索
be on sb.’s track追踪某人
a mountain track山间小道
a race track赛跑跑道
in one’s tracks就地，当场；突然间
①It’s difficult to keep track of all the new ideas and developments in agriculture.
②He follows the tracks left by the bear.
③I lose track of time when I listen to this music.
The tomato juice left brown ______ on the front of my jacket.
A. spot B. point
C. track D. trace
解析：A项表示“斑点，污迹，场所”；B项表示“点”；C项表示“行踪，轨道”；D项表示“踪迹，足迹，痕迹”。
答案：A
[指点迷津]
以上动词短语在高考试卷中的出现频率很高，注意辨析记忆。
The criminal ______ the two policemen who were holding him.
A. broke into B. broke away from
C. broke through D. broke down
解析：break away from意为“摆脱；挣脱”；break through指“突破；攻克”；break into指“闯入”；break down指“分解；累垮；出毛病”等。根据上下文的暗示，break away from符合题意，故选B。
答案：B
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．It is certainly true that computers, cellphones and digital cameras have become part of our everyday life.电脑、手机、数码相机已经变成了我们日常生活的一部分，这是毫无疑问的。
该句为It is＋adj.＋that－clause句式。其中真正的主语是that从句。
[思维拓展]
①It is/was＋形容词/名词＋for sb. to do sth.
其中的形容词/名词有：difficult/easy/necessary/useful/important/(im)possible/expensive/heavy/dangerous/a good idea/an honour/a pity...
②It is/was＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.
其中的形容词有：rude/brave/careful/careless/helpful/clever/wise/foolish/stupid/silly/honest/kind/(im)polite/nice...
In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
解析：根据句子结构，句中缺形式主语，真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。
答案：D
2．It is very important for us to know that someone far away is also struggling as we are.对于我们来讲知道远方的某个人也和我们一样在奋斗是很重要的。
[思维拓展]
as在该句中作连词使用，引导方式状语从句。
as的句法作用如下：
①as conj. 引导状语从句
a．引导时间状语从句，与while相近，强调主从句谓语动词的动作同时发生，或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。
b．引导原因状语从句，与because相近，“由于，因为”，指大家共知的原因。
c．引导方式状语从句，“如，像”。
d．引导让步状语从句，“尽管；虽然；即使”。形容词、副词、动词原形等应置于as之前，为倒装句。
e．引导比较状语从句，用于as...as结构中。
f．as...as possible＝as...as one can/could
尽可能地……
②as prep. “作为，如同，像……”
She spoke of me as her dearest friend.
她谈起我如同她最亲密的朋友似的。
③as作关系代词，引导定语从句
Such ideas as he hits on are worthless.
像他那偶然想起的主意是无用的。
It is the same story as I heard from her yesterday.
这故事跟我昨天从她那儿听到的相同。
As you know, this is also part of our work.
如你所知，这也是我们工作的一部分。
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ father was away in France.
A. as B. that
C. during D. if
解析：空格处所填的词应引导时间状语从句，所以选用as，而during是介词，不能引导从句。
答案：A
3．By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible.通过用尽可能多的方法看待一个问题，有创造性的思想者能够发现一直不为人所知的解决方法。
①as many ways as possible“尽可能多的方法”，as many＋n. (pl.)＋as possible为一个习惯用语，相当于as＋adv.＋as＋主语＋can/could。
[指点迷津]
as...as之间要用形容词或副词的原级。应根据句子结构选择形容词或副词。如：
Try to be as careful as you can.你要尽可能得细心。
Try to do your homework as carefully as possible.
做作业时尽量认真。
as soon as possible 尽可能早地/快地
as much as possible 尽可能多地
as quickly as possible 尽可能快地
as early as possible 尽可能早地
as often as possible 尽可能经常地
as friendly as possible 尽可能友好地
②remain＋adj. remain作为连系动词，表示“继续保持，仍然处于某种状态”。又如：
Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ______ poor.
A. proves B. remains
C. maintains D. continues
解析：A项不合题意；C项后常接名词；D项需接to be方可。
答案：B
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