备考2011高效学习方案英语高二册：unit 19 the merchant of venice

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Unit 19　The Merchant of Venice
(2009·江苏)鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。
鼠标的必要性 对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪……
鼠标的便捷性 点击、移动、插入、拷贝、删除…… 编辑文本，搜索信息……
收发邮件，选购商品……
点播音乐，下载电影……
如果过分依赖鼠标……(请考生结合自身感受，列举两到三点)
注意：
1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数150左右；开头已经写好，不计入总词数；
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[参考答案]
The_mouse_is_a_most_effective_device_used_by_people_to_communicate_with_a_computer.
For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well－chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit text, browse web pages and download what we want. It can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine, all this can be done with a cute mouse.
A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn’t always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．______(adj.)　　　　　　错综复杂的；难解的
2．______(n.) 公正；正义
3．______(n.) 行动；所做之事
4．______(vt.) 祝福；保佑
5．______(n.) 协议；交易；廉价货
　(vi.) 讨价还价；谈判
6．______(n.) 结果；后果；影响
7．______(vt.) 指控；指责
8．______(vt. & n．) 妒忌；羡慕
9．______(vt.) 否认；拒绝给予
[答案]
1．complex　2.justice　3.deed　4.bless　5.bargain
6．consequence　7.accuse　8.envy　9.deny
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．worthy→______(adj. & n．)有某种价值；价值；用处
2．declare→______(n.)宣言；宣布
3．requirement→______(v.)需要；请求；强迫
4．judgement→______(n. & v．)审判官；法官；判断；审理
5．reasonable→______(n. & v．)理由；理性；推理
6．fortune→______(adj.)幸运的→______(adv.)幸运地
7．mercy→______(adj.)→______(adj.)不仁慈的
[答案]
1．worth　2.declaration　3.require　4.judge　5.reason
6．fortunate; fortunately　7.merciful; merciless
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．cut ______ 切断；删去
2．______ sea 在海上；茫然；不知所措
3．______ the eyes of 在……看来
4．go down ______ one’s knees 跪下
5．______ the mercy of 任由……摆布或控制
6．tear ______ 撕毁；取消(合同等)
7．as ______ as 远到某处，到……程度
8．go ______ 开始做；着手干
9．have/take mercy ______ 对……表示怜悯
10．pay ______ 偿还；报答
[答案]
1．off　2.at　3.in　4.on　5.at　6.up　7.far　8.about
9．on　10.back
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．To be or not to be, that is the question.
是生还是死，这是问题所在。
2．As far as I know...就我所知……。
3．It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.
试图跟夏洛克讲道理是没用的。
4．I have sworn to heaven to...
我已对上苍发誓……。
Ⅴ.重点语法
Review Direct and Indirect Speech(复习直接引语和间接引语)
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
1．deny v. 否认，否定，不承认
[思维拓展]
deny sth.否定某事
deny doing sth.否认做过某事
deny＋that－clause否认某人做过某事
deny sth. to be否认某物是……
①She denied any involvement in the robbery.
②The ugly man denies ever having met her.
③Do you deny this to be your writing
④I was denied the chance of going to university
That young man still denies ______ the fire behind the store.
A. start　　　　　　　　 B. to start
C. having started D. to have started
解析：deny后不直接跟不定式作宾语，故B、D项可排除。A项应在句中作谓语动词，也可排除。
答案：C
2．worthy adj. 值得尊敬的，值得重视的，值得……的，配得上……的
[思维拓展]
worthy man值得尊敬的人
worthy of admiration值得赞赏的
[指点迷津]
英语中可以用主动形式表达被动含义的常见词语有：
want, need, require表示“需要”含义时；
不及物动词act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, wash, write等被副词修饰时；
be worth doing结构中。
—What do you think of the book
—Oh, excellent. It’s worth ______ a second time.
A. to read　　 　　　　　 B. to be read
C. reading D. being read
解析：在be worth doing结构中，doing必须是vt.，而且是用主动形式表示被动意义。
答案：C
3．mercy n. 宽恕，仁慈；幸运的事，值得感激的事
[思维拓展]
have mercy on/upon sb.对某人仁慈
show mercy to sb.对某人仁慈
at the mercy of任由……摆布；在……掌握之中
beg...for mercy乞求……怜悯
without mercy无怜悯之心
That’s a mercy！那真是幸运！
It’s a mercy...真是幸运……。
what a mercy that...幸好，幸运
small mercies小恩小惠
leave to sb.’s tender mercies
吃某人的苦头，任由……宰割
①The general showed no mercy, and killed all his prisoners.
②They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.
Antonio was ______ that he even showed ______ to Shylock.
A. merciful; mercy　 　 　 B. mercy; merciful
C. kindly; pitiful D. mercy; to mercy
解析：merciful adj. 在句中作表语，show mercy to sb.是固定结构。
答案：A
4．beg v. 乞讨；请求
[思维拓展]
make a living by begging以乞讨为生
a begging letter乞求信
beg a favour of sb.恳请某人帮忙
beg for forgiveness恳求宽恕
beg to do sth.恳求做某事
I beg your pardon.请您原谅。
Beg your pardon？请重复一遍好吗？
I beg to differ.恕我未敢苟同。
①In those days they were forced to beg for a living.
②I beg you not to say anything like that to him.
5．envy v. & n. 羡慕；妒忌→adj. envious
[思维拓展]
be full of envy非常羡慕
envy at/of/towards对……羡慕
out of envy出于妒忌
envy sb./sth.羡慕某人/某物
envy sb. sth.羡慕某人某事
be envious of对……羡慕
[指点迷津]
envy与jealous
envy强调羡慕别人的好运，有时带有恶意，但通常着重的是自己想得到而得不到的一面。
jealous着重指对别人占有或企图占有的东西感到恼恨不满，因为那东西是属于自己或应该属于自己的，因此而感到自己的权利受到侵害。
He did that only out of a sense of envy.
他那样做仅是出于嫉妒。
Ann has got a very nice job and Tom is jealous of her.安得到了一份很好的工作，汤姆非常羡慕。
①They were full of envy when they saw my new car.
②Their beautiful garden is the envy of all the neighbours.
The Smiths bought a new car, which was the ______ of their neighbours.
A. envy B. admire
C. respect D. proud
解析：A项可以作n.，表示“受人羡慕的人(物)”；B项表示“钦佩”；C项表示“尊敬”；D项为adj.，而此处应为名词。
答案：A
Ⅱ.短语突破
They will never go down on their knees before the oppressors.他们绝不向压迫者屈膝。
He went down on one knee before her.
他单腿跪在她前面。
He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.
他跪下来请求饶恕。
Don’t blame him; after all, he is still a child.
别责备他，毕竟他还是个孩子。
As far as I know, there is going to be a new play on at the Capital Theatre this weekend.
据我所知，首都戏院本周末将上演一部新戏。
—How far apart do they live
—______ I know, they live in the same neighbourhood.
A. As long as B. As far as
C. As well as D. As often as
解析：根据句子逻辑关系，此处应是“据我所知”之意。
答案：B
2．pay back偿还，报答
[思维拓展]
pay sb. for因……给某人报酬
pay money for付……的钱
pay sb. money for因……付给某人多少钱
pay for付……的钱
pay off还清(债务等)
pay out为……付出大笔款项
①I paid ￡200 for the painting.
②I paid him ￡200 for the painting.
③How soon can you pay me for the work
—What did she ______ so much money
—Nothing but a necklace made of glass.
A. spend on B. pay for
C. buy for D. sold for
解析：spend...on后面接花费金钱或时间的事物，而不是接多少钱；pay for后面也是接付钱而买的东西，so much money只能作spend, pay的宾语，D项形式不对；buy可以用作buy sth. for some money，意为“花多少钱买……”。
答案：C
3．on one condition在一个条件下
[思维拓展]
on condition that...＝if只要，如果，假若
in/under...condition在……条件下
be in good/poor condition处于好的/坏的状况
out of condition状况不好，身体不适
working conditions工作条件
living conditions居住条件
[指点迷津]
condition作“状态”讲时多作不可数名词，在有形容词修饰时可以用不定冠词，意义同state；作“情况”讲时多用复数conditions；作“条件”讲时是可数名词。
指物质、精神状态时用state。
指“政局，情景，形势”时用situation。
①Though bought several years ago, the TV set is still in good condition.
②I’ll come on condition that my parents are invited to.
③He’s out of condition because he never takes any exercise.
Can you think of a ______ in which you could use this expression
A. situation B. condition
C. state D. matter
解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。句子的意思是“你能想出一个使用这个短语的情境来吗？”in a situation的意思是“在某一情境中”；in a condition表达“在……状况下”，意义同in a state; matter的意思是“事情，物质”。
答案：A
4．accuse of指控……；控告……
[思维拓展]
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
steal sth. from sb.从某人那里偷某物
cure sb. of治愈某人
The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ______ of cheating customers.
A. accused B. charged
C. scolded D. cursed
解析：A、B、C均有“指控，指责，责备”之意，但搭配不同：accuse sb. of/charge sb. with/scold sb. for。
答案：A
5．in the eyes of sb.在某人的心目中；在某人看来
In your father’s eyes, you’re still a child.
在你父亲的眼里，你仍是个孩子。
[指点迷津]
in the eyes of sb.＝in sb.’s eyes作“在某人看来”讲时，相当于in the opinion of sb。
He saved a boy, so he was a hero ______ local people.
A. in the eye of B. in the eyes of
C. at the eyes of D. in their eyes
解析：in the eyes of sb.(in sb.’s eyes)意为“在某人的心目中；在某人看来”。句意为：他救了一个男孩，所以在当地人的心目中他是一个英雄。
答案：B
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．I offer ten times the money that Antonio has borrowed.我愿出十倍于安东尼奥借的钱。
该句中使用了倍数句型，time表示倍数。
[思维拓展]
A is 3 times the size/height/length/width/depth of B
A是B的3倍大/高/长/宽/深
A is 3 times as big/high/long/wide/deep as B
A是B的3倍大/高/长/宽/深
A is 3 times bigger/higher/longer/wider/deeper than B
A比B大/高/长/宽/深3倍，即A是B的4倍大/高/长/宽/深
[注]times表示三倍或三倍以上的数，两倍用twice或double。
We got ______ people as we expected.
A. as three times many
B. more than three times
C. three times more than
D. three times as many
解析：关于“A是B的四倍大/长”有以下三个句型：①A is 4 times as big/long as B. ②A is four times the size/length of B. ③A is 3 times bigger/longer than B．此题用了第一个句型。
答案：D
2．It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.试图同夏洛克争论是没有用的。
该句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是trying to argue with Shylock。这是一个动名词短语，英语中常见的类似结构还有：
It’s no use doing sth.做某事没有用
There’s no use doing sth.做某事没有用
It’s no good doing sth.做某事没益处
There’s no good doing sth.做某事没益处
It is no use ______ for a doctor. It’s too late.
A. send B. sending
C. sent D. having sent
解析：在“It is no use...”句式中，use后跟动名词形式，it is也可换用there is。疑问句则用any，不用no；动名词前可以用人称代词或物主代词。如：It’s no use you (your) talking to her; let me do it.你同她谈没有用，我来同她谈吧。Is it/there any use trying to phone him？给他打个电话有用吗？
答案：B
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