备考2011高效学习方案英语高三册：units 9～10 health care & american literature

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Units 9～10　
Health care & American literature
(2009·金丽衢十二校联考)每年高考之前总会出现“高考移民”，他们设法到录取分数线较低的省份参加考试。你班同学就此展开讨论，提出了以下两种意见：
赞同 反对
1.想上好大学，应予以理解；2．录取分数不一，对高分地区学生不公平；3．学生也是公民，应该有此权利和机会 1.到其他地方会增加当地升学压力；2．对当地学生不利，也是一种不公平；3．主要有利于有权势者，对普通百姓不公平
请就此给《学生英语报》(Student Times)写一篇报道，说明上述讨论情况。
说明：
1．词数120左右；
2．标题和开头段已经给出，不计入总词数。
Students on the Move for Their Exams—Fair or Unfair
Every year some students from high－score areas move to other provinces to take the college entrance examination. Recently we had a discussion about this.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[参考答案]
Students on the Move for Their Exams—Fair or Unfair
Every_year_some_students_from_high－score_areas_move_to_other_provinces_to_take_the_college_entrance_examination._Recently_we_had_a_discussion_about_this.
Some think it understandable for the students to move to other places to take the exam since they want to be able to study at a better university. And it seems to be the right of a student as a citizen to have such a chance, especially those from an area of high entry score. Otherwise, they have to get much higher scores to enter a university than those who are from a low entry－score province.
Others take a quite different stand. They think those who are from high－score areas would add pressure to the areas they move to, which also means unfair to those students in low－score areas. What’s more, it seems to be just favourable to the powerful and not fair to ordinary people. So they don’t think it a good thing.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．______(n.)　　　 统计资料；(一组)数 据；统计学
2．______(n.) 津贴；补助
3．______(v.) 滥用；虐待；辱骂
　 (n.) 滥用；虐待；辱骂
4．______(adv.) 无论如何；至少
5．______(n.) 祈祷；祷告
6．______(vi.)(wept, wept) 哭；哭泣
[答案]
1．statistics　2.allowance　3.abuse　4.anyhow
5．prayer　6.weep
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．devotion→______(v.)献身；专心于
2．significance→______(adj.)有意义的
3．incident→______(adj.)容易发生的，伴随的
4．unfortunate→______(反义词)→______(n.)运气
5．chemist→______(n.)化学→______(adj.)化学的
6．pressure→______(v.)按，压
7．fundamental→______(n.)→______(n.)基本性
8．insurance→______(v.)→______(adj.)可以保险的
9．simplify→______(adj.)简单的
10．approve→______(adj.)被认可的→______(adj.)可批准的，可赞同的
11．baggage→______(同义词)行李
12．worn→______(v.)穿，佩带
13．bell→______(n.)肚子；腹部
14．furnish→______(n.)家具
15．prince→______(n.)公主
[答案]
1．devote　2.significant　3.incidental　4.fortunate; fortune
5．chemistry; chemical　6.press　7.fundament; fundamentality
8．insure; insurable　9.simple　10.approved; approvable
11．luggage　12.wear　13.belly　14.furniture　15.princess
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．lead ______ 通向；导致
2．put pressure ______ 对……施加压力
3．aim ______ 以……为目标
4．depend ______ 依靠，取决于
5．thanks ______ 多亏，由于
6．suffer ______ 遭受
7．get rid ______ 摆脱
8．make ends ______ 使收支相抵；量入为出
9．make matters ______ 使情况更困难或更危险
10．lay ______ 解雇；不理会；使下岗
11．be burdened ______ 负重担
12．do ______ 处理；对付
13．be anxious ______ 为……担心；为……着急
14．inside ______ 彻底地；里面翻到外面
15．______ length 终于；最后；详细地
16．fix sth. ______ sb./sth. 全神贯注于；凝视
17．let ______ 不支持；使失望
18．do ______ 打扮；梳妆
19．take pride ______ 感到自豪
20．attend ______ 处理；照顾；关照
[答案]
1．to　2.on　3.at　4.on　5.to　6.from　7.of
8．meet　9.worse　10.off　11.with　12.with
13．about　14.out　15.at　16.on(upon)　17.down
18．up　19.in　20.to
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．If low－income families can’t afford to purchase medical insurance, as was the case with Wang Lin, other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed.如果低收入家庭买不起医疗保险，正如王林的情况那样，那么其他的脱贫措施就不能成功。
2．Fleming continued his search until a fortunate incident led him to a new discovery of even greater significance.弗莱明继续进行探索，直到一次偶然的机会导致了他那具有更大意义的新发现。
3．Treatments were neither scientific nor effective, and many patients suffered deadly infections as a result of operations.治疗既没有科学性又无效果，因此许多病人由于手术而遭受致命的感染。
4．Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.明天就是圣诞节了，可她只有1.87美元来给吉姆买份礼物。
5．So let’s forget about it now and have our dinner, shall we？咱们不谈这事了。现在吃饭好吗？
Ⅴ.重点语法
1．Review the Subjunctive Mood 2(复习虚拟语气2)
2．Review Verb Tenses(复习动词的时态)
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
1．consult vt. & vi.向……咨询；查阅
搭配：consult with sb.与某人商量；consult on/about sth.就某事进行磋商；consult sb. about sth.向某人请教，咨询某事
Have you consulted your doctor about your illness
关于你的病情，你找你的医生看过了吗？
Have you consulted with the other members of the team
你和其他队员商量过了吗？
He consulted his dictionary to look up the meaning of the word “apotheosis”．
他在字典中查看“apotheosis”这个单词的意思。
[指点迷津]
consult查阅(词典等)；look up(在词典等中)查阅(单词等)
Before we can accept the management’s office we must ______ the workers again.
A. consult with　 　 　　 B. consult
C. look up D. advise
解析：当对象是比主语更具权威性的字典、老师、医生等时，应用consult sb.意为“向某人请教”；当对方是与主语处于同一地位、阶层等时应用consult with sb.意为“与……商量”；look up“查阅”；advise“建议”。
答案：A
2．insurance n．保险；保险费；保证
搭配：an insurance against...防止……的保证；provide insurance against...提供防止……的措施；an insurance company保险公司；insurance policy保险单；labor insurance劳动保险；accident insurance意外保险；accident death insurance意外死亡保险
People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs.
未投保者需自付修理费。
A balanced diet is an insurance against malnutrition.
均衡的饮食是防止营养不良的保证。
扩展：insure vt.给……保险；保证，确保
[指点迷津]
assurance主要表示“确信，确保”，表示“保险”时为英式英语，主要用于短语an assurance company(保险公司)和life assurance(人寿保险)中。
After the robbery, the shop installed a sophisticated(复杂的)alarm system as an insurance ______ further losses.
A. for B. from
C. towards D. against
解析：insurance“保险措施，预防(手段)”，后接against表示“针对……”。
答案：D
3．abuse n. & vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
搭配：abuse one’s authority/position/power滥用职权，滥用权力；abuse a privilege滥用特权；abuse a child虐待小孩；an abuse of position职权的滥用；an abuse of drugs药物的滥用；a term of abuse骂人的话
Some officials abuse their power and treat people with contempt.
一些官员滥用权力，盛气凌人地对待人民。
She abused him for his neglect.
她痛骂他的疏忽。
[指点迷津]
abuse很少用于指物件，但用于指物件时，语气比misuse强，且有损坏之意。
It has been revealed that some government leaders ______ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
A. employ B. take
C. abuse D. overlook
解析：句意：据透露，一些政府领导滥用职权，非法牟利。abuse在此句中意为“滥用”；employ“雇用”；take“拿”；overlook“忽略”。
答案：C
4．rare a．①稀有的，罕有的，冷僻的②珍奇的，出类拔萃的③(空气等)稀薄的④(肉)煎得嫩的
搭配：rare species珍稀动物；a rare disease罕见的病；rare air稀薄的空气；a rare steak鲜嫩的牛排
副词形式：rarely很少地，难得地
It is rare for him to be late.
他很少迟到。
Big Ben in London has rarely gone wrong.
伦敦的大本钟很少出差错。
Only rarely do I eat in restaurants.
我极少到饭馆吃饭。
[指点迷津]
rarely本身有否定意义，在句首时句子用倒装结构。
The birth of a star is a ______， slow event, all but a very few of the stars visible to the naked eye have existed longer than mankind.
A. seldom B. least
C. rare D. scarce
解析：因长期缺少而珍贵的称为rare；因暂时缺乏而不足的称为scarce，指时间或频率，用rare或seldom，不用scare; least最少的，为little的最高级。
答案：C
5．furnish vt.为……提供家具；用家具布置
a well－furnished room家具齐备的房间
a room furnished with antiques布置有古董的房间
A furnished house is one that is rented with the furniture in it.
备有家具的房屋指的是附带家具出租的房子。
The house is well furnished.
这间房子家具齐备。
[指点迷津]
furniture意为“家具”，是不可数名词，常用搭配为：
a piece of furniture一件家具
a set of furniture一套家具
It’s costing us a fortune to ______ our new flat.
A. equip B. furnish
C. mend D. repair
解析：根据句中的“our new flat”可排除C、D，mend和repair意为“修补”；furnish指配置陈设在室内使生活舒适的家具，包括地毯、帷帘等，其配备对象是住所；equip为特定目的而装备设备，涉及对象范围较广，既可指安装设备，也可指提供生活、工作或战斗所需的器具或武器。
答案：B
6．congratulate vt.祝贺，庆贺
搭配：congratulate sb. on sth.向某人祝贺某事；congratulate oneself on庆幸，感到幸运；congratulation n．(pl.); offer one’s congratulations致祝词；Congratulations！恭喜恭喜！
We congratulated him on having passed the examination.
我们祝贺他通过了考试。
Congratulations on your success!
恭喜你成功！
[指点迷津]
congratulate常与介词on/upon连用。
When I passed the entrance examination, my family ______ me ______ my success.
A. celebrated; on B. congratulated; on
C. celebrated; to D. congratulated; to
解析：congratulate sb. on sth.“祝贺某人某事”。
答案：B
Ⅱ.短语突破
1.
He was a boring nuisance! I’m glad to get rid of him.
他这人真讨厌！我很庆幸能摆脱他。
[指点迷津]
get rid of强调“摆脱掉疾病等麻烦事，除去不好的东西”；而break away from则强调“脱离政党或某一组织”。
How can we ______ all these flies in the kitchen
A. get rid of B. send
C. throw away D. take
解析：get gid of“摆脱，除掉，赶走，消灭”；send“派送”；throw away“扔掉”；take“拿(走)”。根据题意A正确。
答案：A
During the recession they laid us off for three months.
在不景气时期，他们停雇了我们3个月。
Lay down your arms and come out with your hands up.
放下武器，举起手走出来。
She laid out the map on the table.
她把地图铺在了桌子上。
[指点迷津]
lay off尤指生意萧条时临时性解雇雇员。
The store had to ______ a number of clerks because sales were down.
A. lay out B. lay off
C. lay aside D. lay down
解析：句意：因为销售额下降，这家商店不得不裁减一些人员。lay off“解雇”；lay out“展开”；lay aside“搁置一边”；lay down“放下，交出”。
答案：B
3．at length终于；最后；详细地
At length he returned.他终于回来了。
She spoke at length about the plight of the refugees.
她详尽地讲述了难民们的悲惨境遇。
[指点迷津]
at length作“终于，最后”讲时，与at last, in the end, finally等的意思相近，都意味着“在经过很长时间之后”。
The teacher explained the rules of the game ______ so that the students could understand what to do.
A. in advance B. at most
C. at length D. at least
解析：at length在此句中意为“详细地”；in advance“提前”；at most“至多”；at least“至少”。
答案：C
4．let down不支持；使失望
I’m counting on you to support me; don’t let me down.
我一直指望你支持我，可别叫我失望。
Let down a rope so that I can climb up.
把绳子放下来，好让我爬上去。
I’m going to let down this old dress for my daughter.
我要把这件旧衣服放长给我女儿穿。
[指点迷津]
let down作“使失望”讲时，与disappoint近义。
—To tell you the truth, you were expected to win the cooking competition.
—I’m sorry. ______.
A. I didn’t mind B. I let you down
C. Thank you D. I couldn’t
解析：根据上下文语境，“to win the cooking competition”和“I’m sorry”可知，没有赢这场比赛，故I let you down让你失望了。
答案：B
5．do up打扮；梳妆；扣，系，扎
Mary has done herself up for the party.
玛丽已打扮好，准备参加舞会。
This skirt does up at the back.
这条裙子是从后面扣的。
[指点迷津]
do up作“打扮”讲时，与make up近义；作“扣，系，扎”讲时，与tie, fasten近义。
You should ______ your button before you give a lecture.
A. do up B. speed up
C. clear up D. carry out
解析：本题考查词组辨析。do up“扣，系，扎”；speed up“加速”；clear up“清除，整理”；carry out“实施，执行，开展”。根据句意应该是“扣上扣子”。
答案：A
You’d better attend to the children first—they need their breakfast.
你最好还是先去照料孩子们——他们需要吃早餐。
The queen had a good doctor attending on her.
女王有一个好医生在照料他。
[指点迷津]
attend to作“处理”讲时，与do (deal) with近义；作“照顾”讲时，与take care, look after近义。attend侧重参加会议(聚会)等。
This is the nurse who ______ to me when I was ill in hospital.
A. accompanied B. attended
C. entertained D. protected
解析：句意：我生病住院时，这个护士照顾我。accompany意为“陪伴；伴奏”；entertain“娱乐，招待”；attend to“照顾”；protect“保护”。
答案：B
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.他们生病的时候，既负担不起看医生的费用，也付不起从药剂师那里买药的钱，更不用说，保证孩子们的健康饮食了。
该句中“nor＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语＋实义动词”，为倒装句式，表示前面的否定含义适用于另外的人。
[思维拓展]
so, nor, neither构成的倒装句：
①so＋do(be, have, can, will)＋主语
表示上句所说的肯定情况也适用于另一主语。
②neither/nor＋do(be, have, can, will)＋主语
表示上句所说的否定情况也适应另一主语。
③so it is/was with sb.
(＝so it is/was the same with sb.)
用于上句既有肯定又有否定或既有系动词又有实义动词的情况。如：
John likes fish but doesn’t like meat, so it is with Mary.
John was born in the countryside but he grew up in Beijing, and so it was the same with Mary.
④so＋主语＋do(be, have, can, will)
表示对上句提及的情况给予肯定。如：
—Tom speaks English well.
—So he does.
⑤主语＋do＋so
表示该句中的主语重复了前文中的动作。如：
The teacher asked me to fetch some chalk, and I did so.
—You forgot your purse when you went out.
—Good heavens, ______.
A. so did I B. so I did
C. I did so D. I so did
解析：根据上下文句意，该空格处应表示“我确实如此”。
答案：B
2．If low－income families cannot afford to purchase medical insurance, as was the case with Wang Lin, other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed.如果低收入家庭买不起医疗保险，正如王林的情况，减少贫穷的其他措施将不成功。
该as was the case with...为一个固定句式，表示“正如……情况那样”，该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，指代上句叙述内容。而同类句式：As in your country, we grow rice in the south and wheat in the north。as在该句中引导一个省略的方式状语从句，相当于As it is in your country。又如：The result of this experiment is good enough as it is。
[思维拓展]
①in that/this case如果那样/这样
②in any case无论如何，不管怎样
③in no case决不，任何情况都不
④in case of以防，万一
⑤as is often the case这是常有的事
______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When
C. What D. As
解析：根据句式结构，此处为非限制性定语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于句首。
答案：D
I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which
C. as D. where
解析：case意为“场合”，为地点名词，故须用where引导定语从句，where在从句中作状语。
答案：D
3．Three months later, however, Wang Lin was told about a health care project that provides treatment at half the cost or less, depending on the needs of the patient.但是三个月后，王林听说有一个保健项目能根据患者需要以半价、甚至更低的价格提供治疗。
该句中depending on the needs of the patient为分词短语，相当于which depends on the needs of the patient。
depend on表示“相信，依靠，依赖，由……而定”。
You can depend on him. He is a devoted friend.
She depends on her pen for a living.
Whether the sport meeting should be held depends on the weather.
—Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation
—It ______.
A. all depend B. all depends
C. is all depended D. is all depending
解析：根据原题，此处应表示“视情况而定”。
答案：B
4．Corporations and private citizens also donate money through the Hope Project.各个公司和市民也通过“希望工程”捐助钱财。
through prep. by way of (指空间)穿过，通过
Light comes in through the window.光线从窗户进来。
(指时间)从头到尾经过，自始至终
through the ages古往今来
read through the book看完一本书
[指点迷津]
across与through
across横过，穿过，着重指一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边；含义与on有关，across the street“横过马路”。
through穿过，从……中通过，含义与in有关，through the tunnel“穿过隧道”。
The sunlight came in ______ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
A. through B. across
C. on D. over
解析：“从窗户缝隙中”要用介词through, through常指从物体中间“穿过”，across是指从平面“穿过”。
答案：A
5．...in 1999, the Ministry of Education introduced computerised teaching networks in central and western China.……在1999年，教育部在中国中西部引进了计算机化教学网络。
computerised“用电脑控制的，电脑化的”。
这是一个典型的过去分词充当定语的例子，它与后面的名词teaching networks是被动关系。
[思维拓展]
过去分词充当定语有前置和后置两种情况：
When we arrived, we were given printed_papers(印制好的问卷)．
It came from the songs sung_by_black_people(由黑人吟唱的) and had its roots in Africa.
[注]单个的分词作定语时，分词要放在名词的前面，分词短语作定语时要放在名词的后面。
有一个特例：在句型There is...left中left要放在名词后面作后置定语，如：
There is no more time left for adding new stories.剩不下时间再去加新的故事内容了。
Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ______ only to people with specified knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
解析：know与words, expressions or phrases是逻辑上的被动关系，要用过去分词作定语表被动。
答案：D
6．①..., and she had only $1.87 with_which to buy Jim a present.……，她只有1.87美元给吉姆买礼物。
②There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in_which they both took great pride.有两样东西是让詹姆斯·迪林汉姆·扬夫妇满意的。
第一句中使用了“介词＋关系代词＋to do sth.”相当于with which she could buy Jim a present。
第二句中使用了“介词＋关系代词＋定语从句”，which指代two possessions。
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ______ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of
C. of them D. of that
解析：该句式为非限制性定语从句。C、D两项可排除；B项中of与which的位置错误。
答案：A
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