备考2011高效学习方案英语高一册：unit 12 art and literature
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| 名称 | 备考2011高效学习方案英语高一册：unit 12 art and literature |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2010-12-14 17:11:00 | ||
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本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
Unit 12 Art and literature
(2008·东北三校一联)假如你是李华，刚参加完中美中学生冬令营——美国之旅，学生会请你根据下面表格中所提供的信息写一篇有关中、美高中教育的短文：
注意：
1．词数：100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：课外活动extra curricular activities
______________________________________________
国家 中国 美国
学制 三年 四年(大多数)
学习特点 学习努力，知识扎实；课堂、老师是获取知识的主要渠道 更加活泼，运用知识的能力较强；网络、图书馆是获取知识的主要渠道
学习时间 每天约10小时 每天约8.5小时
课外活动 学校、班级组织的多 学生自己组织的多
其他 班级和教室固定 班级和教室不固定
[参考答案]
There are differences between high schools in China and those in the United States.
High schools in China last three years, while in most US states four years. In China, students are in fixed classes and classrooms. Every day they study hard for around 10 hours and have a solid knowledge which is mainly acquired through their teachers in class. But in the United States, students don’t have fixed classes or classrooms and they sometimes go to their teachers’ offices for classes. They are frequently found in the library or surfing the Internet for more useful knowledge. They spend about 8.5 hours on study a day.
They are lively and good at activities organized by themselves. However, in China, the students’ extra curricular activities are mostly organized by schools or classes.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．______(n.) 品格；特性；(小说、戏剧等
中的)人物
2．______(n.) 耳语；私语
(vi.) 耳语；密谈
(vt.) 低声说
3．______(n.) 肩；肩部
(vt.) 肩负；承当
4．______(n.) 习惯；习性
5．______(n.) 连续；系列
6．______(n.) 诡计；恶作剧
[答案]
1．character 2.whisper 3.shoulder 4.habit
5．series 6.trick
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．exhibition→______(v.)展示；陈列→______(n.)展览者
2．power→______(adj.)强大的→______(adj.)无力量的
3．stupid→______(adv.)愚蠢地
4．treat→______(n.)处理；治疗
5．trick→______(adj.)狡猾的；耍花招的
6．romantic→______(n.)传奇
7．comedy(喜剧)→______(反义词)→______(n.)喜剧演员
8．local→______(反义词)→______(adv.)地方性地→______(adj.)地方，地点
[答案]
1．exhibit; exhibitor 2.powerful; powerless
3．stupidly 4.treatment 5.tricky 6.romance
7．tragedy; comedian 8.remote/distant; locally; locality
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．______ if 好像
2．sound ______... 听起来像……
3．together ______ 和……一起
4．used ______ 过去常常
5．fight ______ 与……作斗争
6．turn ______ 转过身；转过来
7．believe ______ 信任；信仰；支持；赞成
8．come ______ 偶然遇见；碰上
9．______ trouble 处于困境中；有麻烦
10．a ______ of 一连串的；一系列；一套
[答案]
1．as 2.like 3.with 4.to 5.against 6.around
7．in 8.across 9.in 10.series
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．not as...as...不如……
2．It looks as if...看起来好像……。
3．seem to be...似乎……
4．if only...要是……就好了
Ⅴ.重点语法
Review the Attributive Clause(复习定语从句)
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
1．announcement n. 宣布；公告；公示
[思维拓展]
announce v．“宣告；宣布”，不能接双宾语。
announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布……
explain sth. to sb.向某人解释……
introduce sth. to sb.向某人介绍……
suggest sth. to sb.向某人提议
report sth. to sb.向某人报告
Which of the following is wrong
A. He explained this matter to all of us.
B. He announced to us that he would retire next month.
C. He explained us that matter.
D. They told me the news.
解析：announce, explain, report, suggest是非双宾语及物动词，因此不可以说announce sb. sth.或explain sb. sth.，因此可以找出错误的一项是C。
答案：C
2．shoulder n. 肩部；肩 v. 肩负；承担
[思维拓展]
①shoulder to shoulder
＝side by side肩并肩地
hand in hand手拉手地
arm in arm臂挽臂地
②shoulder one’s way用肩挤着往前走
make one’s way (排除困难)前进
lose one’s way迷路
get one’s own way自主行事
fight one’s way冲出一条路
3．treat v. 对待；视为；治疗；款待
[思维拓展]
treat...as...把……当作……对待
treat a patient治疗病人
treat sb. to dinner请某人吃饭
It’s my treat.我请客。
4．power n. 能量；力量；权力
[思维拓展]
in power执政；掌权
under one’s own power凭借自身力量
have the power to do...具有……的能力
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的
powerless adj. 没有权力的；没有能力的
It is reported that the police have been given special ______ to deal with this state of affairs.
A. strength B. energy
C. force D. power
解析：句意：据报道警察已获得处理这一事务的特殊权力。strength“力量；力气；人力”；energy“能量；能源”；force“力；强制力；暴力”。
答案：D
Ⅱ.短语突破
1．a series of一连串的；一系列的；一套的
[思维拓展]
a series of exams一连串的考试
a series of meetings一系列的会议
a series of story books一套故事书
[指点迷津]
series为一个单复数同形的名词，“a series of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式；当用“two/three...series of＋名词”，作主语时，谓语动词就须用复数形式。
2．seem like＋名词/代词“看起来像……”
[思维拓展]
It seems that...好像……。
It looks as if...看来好像……。
It tastes/smells as if...尝/闻起来像……。
Sb./Sth. looks as if...某人/某事看起来好像……。
[注]as if＝as though引导的从句中通常用虚拟语气，若可能性很大，也可不用虚拟语气。that引导的从句中不用虚拟语气。
______ he hadn’t finished his work, otherwise he wouldn’t be still working there.
A. It seems that B. It looks that
C. It seems as if D. He seems as if
解析：因题目中用了虚拟语气，所以A、B不对，D项为错误用法，即seem后接从句时，只能用It作主语。
答案：C
3．in trouble处于困境中；有麻烦
[思维拓展]
put sb. to much trouble麻烦某人很多
ask for trouble (＝look for trouble)自寻烦恼
get into trouble陷入困境
be in trouble处于困境
take trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦干……
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
have trouble with sth.某事有困难
I’m sorry for ______ you to such a lot of trouble.
A. putting B. taking
C. having D. giving
解析：题意为“对不起，给您添了这么多麻烦。”B、C意义不对，D项可改为giving you such a lot of trouble。
答案：A
4．turn around转过身；转过来
[思维拓展]
turn over翻身；移交
turn on打开(水，电，煤气，电器)
turn off关上(水，电，煤气，电器)
turn up调大/高(水，电器)；前来，露面
turn down调小(水，电器)；拒绝(提议)
turn away拒绝(某人)，打发走
turn out (to be)最后结果是，最终
turn in (＝hand in)上交
turn to sb.转向；向……求助
turn against反对
turn...into...转变成，把……变成……
The silence of the library was broken now and then by the sounds of pages ______.
A. turning over
B. having turned over
C. turned over
D. being turned over
解析：turn over pages意思是“翻书”，二者之间是动宾关系，所以要用被动形式，排除A、B两项。turned over是过去分词，表被动和完成，不符合语意环境；pages与动名词的被动being turned over构成动名词复合结构。
答案：D
In the dark street there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
解析：空格处应用引导定语从句的关系词，并且要呼应定语从句的意思构成turn to...for help表达“向某人求助”，所以答案是to whom。
答案：D
5．believe in信任；信仰；支持；赞成
[思维拓展]
①believe sb.＝believe what sb. says相信某人的话
②believe in sb.＝trust sb.信任某人
believe in God信仰上帝
believe in the method认为此办法行得通，有价值
believe in getting up early认为早起有好处
③believe sb. to be＋adj./n.相信某人是……
I believe him to be honest.
我相信他是诚实的。
④believe sb. to have done相信/认为某人做过某事
I believe him to have done it.
我相信他做过那事。
⑤believe＋that从句
⑥It’s believed that...(＝People believe...)
人们相信/认为……。
⑦I believe so.我相信如此。
I don’t believe so.＝I believe not.
我相信不会这样。
⑧believe it or not信不信由你
⑨make believe＝pretend假装
She was an excellent athlete. ______， that 21－year－old girl won three Olympic medals in track events.
A. Whether believe or not
B. Believing it or not
C. To believe or not
D. Believe it or not
解析：believe it or not固定短语在句中作插入语，“信不信由你”。其他三项皆为错误表达形式。
答案：D
6．come across偶然遇见，碰上
[思维拓展]
表示“意外遇到，偶然发现”的短语
come across happen to meet
meet...by chance meet...by accident
meet (up) with run into
run across
The other day while I was looking through some old papers, I ______ this interesting picture.
A. met with
B. met
C. was meeting with
D. was happened to meet
解析：句子的意思是“几天前我在翻找一些旧文件时，偶然发现了这张有趣的照片。”meet with的意思是“偶遇，偶然发现”，相当于happen to meet，而且呼应从句的过去进行时，此处主句只用一般过去时表达非延续性动作。
答案：A
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．It was a strange creature with red eyes—it was almost as if the creature was watching them.它长着奇怪的眼睛，好像一直在盯着他们看。
[思维拓展]
it is as if/as though...好像……
it looks/seems as if/as though...
看起来好像……，似乎……
it smells/tastes/sounds/feels as if/as though...
闻/尝/听/摸起来好像……
[指点迷津]
as if/as though “好像”所引导的从句的谓语动词的语气有二：
①陈述语气表示从句的动作和情况是事实，或实现(出现)的可能性很大。
②虚拟语气表示从句动作和情况不是事实，是一种个人假设，或根本无实现(出现)的可能性。如：
He walks as if he is drunk.(用陈述语气，表明他真的醉了)
He walks as if he were drunk.(用虚拟语气，表明他并未喝酒)
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
解析：实际上，铅笔并未断。因此，as if从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。从句义上看，从句表示的是一种“状态”或“情况”，而D项则是动作，故应排除。
答案：C
2．It is not enough to be strong in heart and mind，...仅仅意志坚强，头脑聪明还不够；……
[思维拓展]
①It is/was＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.其中的adj.有：difficult/easy/necessary/useful/important/(im)possible/expensive/heavy/dangerous/a good idea/an honour/a pity...
②It is/was＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. 其中的形容词有：rude/brave/careful/careless/helpful/clever/wise/foolish/stupid/silly/honest/kind/(im)polite/nice...
③It is/was＋adj.＋that...
In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
解析：根据句子结构，句中缺形式主语，真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。
答案：D
3．If only they could find a way to get to the room，...要是他们能找到一条通向房间的路该多好啊！
[指点迷津]
if only常用于引导一个只有条件句的虚拟语气，相当于“I wish＋句子”对过去发生的事的虚拟，从句谓语动词用“had done”结构；对现在和将来的虚拟，从句谓语动词用一般过去式或were(用于各种人称)。如：
If only she had not left！要是她没离开多好啊！
If only she were my sister！要是她是我姐姐多好啊！
4．Welcome to the world of JK Rowling! It is a world of magic and wonders, a world where anything can happen.欢迎来到J.K.罗琳的世界！这是一个充满魔法与神奇的世界，一个无所不能的世界。
[指点迷津]
the world“地球；世界；人间；(人类活动的)领域”
the world of JK Rowling“J.K.罗琳所创造的(人物活动的)世界”
a world of“一个……的世界/地方”
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Unit 12 Art and literature
(2008·东北三校一联)假如你是李华，刚参加完中美中学生冬令营——美国之旅，学生会请你根据下面表格中所提供的信息写一篇有关中、美高中教育的短文：
注意：
1．词数：100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：课外活动extra curricular activities
______________________________________________
国家 中国 美国
学制 三年 四年(大多数)
学习特点 学习努力，知识扎实；课堂、老师是获取知识的主要渠道 更加活泼，运用知识的能力较强；网络、图书馆是获取知识的主要渠道
学习时间 每天约10小时 每天约8.5小时
课外活动 学校、班级组织的多 学生自己组织的多
其他 班级和教室固定 班级和教室不固定
[参考答案]
There are differences between high schools in China and those in the United States.
High schools in China last three years, while in most US states four years. In China, students are in fixed classes and classrooms. Every day they study hard for around 10 hours and have a solid knowledge which is mainly acquired through their teachers in class. But in the United States, students don’t have fixed classes or classrooms and they sometimes go to their teachers’ offices for classes. They are frequently found in the library or surfing the Internet for more useful knowledge. They spend about 8.5 hours on study a day.
They are lively and good at activities organized by themselves. However, in China, the students’ extra curricular activities are mostly organized by schools or classes.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．______(n.) 品格；特性；(小说、戏剧等
中的)人物
2．______(n.) 耳语；私语
(vi.) 耳语；密谈
(vt.) 低声说
3．______(n.) 肩；肩部
(vt.) 肩负；承当
4．______(n.) 习惯；习性
5．______(n.) 连续；系列
6．______(n.) 诡计；恶作剧
[答案]
1．character 2.whisper 3.shoulder 4.habit
5．series 6.trick
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．exhibition→______(v.)展示；陈列→______(n.)展览者
2．power→______(adj.)强大的→______(adj.)无力量的
3．stupid→______(adv.)愚蠢地
4．treat→______(n.)处理；治疗
5．trick→______(adj.)狡猾的；耍花招的
6．romantic→______(n.)传奇
7．comedy(喜剧)→______(反义词)→______(n.)喜剧演员
8．local→______(反义词)→______(adv.)地方性地→______(adj.)地方，地点
[答案]
1．exhibit; exhibitor 2.powerful; powerless
3．stupidly 4.treatment 5.tricky 6.romance
7．tragedy; comedian 8.remote/distant; locally; locality
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．______ if 好像
2．sound ______... 听起来像……
3．together ______ 和……一起
4．used ______ 过去常常
5．fight ______ 与……作斗争
6．turn ______ 转过身；转过来
7．believe ______ 信任；信仰；支持；赞成
8．come ______ 偶然遇见；碰上
9．______ trouble 处于困境中；有麻烦
10．a ______ of 一连串的；一系列；一套
[答案]
1．as 2.like 3.with 4.to 5.against 6.around
7．in 8.across 9.in 10.series
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．not as...as...不如……
2．It looks as if...看起来好像……。
3．seem to be...似乎……
4．if only...要是……就好了
Ⅴ.重点语法
Review the Attributive Clause(复习定语从句)
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
1．announcement n. 宣布；公告；公示
[思维拓展]
announce v．“宣告；宣布”，不能接双宾语。
announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布……
explain sth. to sb.向某人解释……
introduce sth. to sb.向某人介绍……
suggest sth. to sb.向某人提议
report sth. to sb.向某人报告
Which of the following is wrong
A. He explained this matter to all of us.
B. He announced to us that he would retire next month.
C. He explained us that matter.
D. They told me the news.
解析：announce, explain, report, suggest是非双宾语及物动词，因此不可以说announce sb. sth.或explain sb. sth.，因此可以找出错误的一项是C。
答案：C
2．shoulder n. 肩部；肩 v. 肩负；承担
[思维拓展]
①shoulder to shoulder
＝side by side肩并肩地
hand in hand手拉手地
arm in arm臂挽臂地
②shoulder one’s way用肩挤着往前走
make one’s way (排除困难)前进
lose one’s way迷路
get one’s own way自主行事
fight one’s way冲出一条路
3．treat v. 对待；视为；治疗；款待
[思维拓展]
treat...as...把……当作……对待
treat a patient治疗病人
treat sb. to dinner请某人吃饭
It’s my treat.我请客。
4．power n. 能量；力量；权力
[思维拓展]
in power执政；掌权
under one’s own power凭借自身力量
have the power to do...具有……的能力
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的
powerless adj. 没有权力的；没有能力的
It is reported that the police have been given special ______ to deal with this state of affairs.
A. strength B. energy
C. force D. power
解析：句意：据报道警察已获得处理这一事务的特殊权力。strength“力量；力气；人力”；energy“能量；能源”；force“力；强制力；暴力”。
答案：D
Ⅱ.短语突破
1．a series of一连串的；一系列的；一套的
[思维拓展]
a series of exams一连串的考试
a series of meetings一系列的会议
a series of story books一套故事书
[指点迷津]
series为一个单复数同形的名词，“a series of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式；当用“two/three...series of＋名词”，作主语时，谓语动词就须用复数形式。
2．seem like＋名词/代词“看起来像……”
[思维拓展]
It seems that...好像……。
It looks as if...看来好像……。
It tastes/smells as if...尝/闻起来像……。
Sb./Sth. looks as if...某人/某事看起来好像……。
[注]as if＝as though引导的从句中通常用虚拟语气，若可能性很大，也可不用虚拟语气。that引导的从句中不用虚拟语气。
______ he hadn’t finished his work, otherwise he wouldn’t be still working there.
A. It seems that B. It looks that
C. It seems as if D. He seems as if
解析：因题目中用了虚拟语气，所以A、B不对，D项为错误用法，即seem后接从句时，只能用It作主语。
答案：C
3．in trouble处于困境中；有麻烦
[思维拓展]
put sb. to much trouble麻烦某人很多
ask for trouble (＝look for trouble)自寻烦恼
get into trouble陷入困境
be in trouble处于困境
take trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦干……
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
have trouble with sth.某事有困难
I’m sorry for ______ you to such a lot of trouble.
A. putting B. taking
C. having D. giving
解析：题意为“对不起，给您添了这么多麻烦。”B、C意义不对，D项可改为giving you such a lot of trouble。
答案：A
4．turn around转过身；转过来
[思维拓展]
turn over翻身；移交
turn on打开(水，电，煤气，电器)
turn off关上(水，电，煤气，电器)
turn up调大/高(水，电器)；前来，露面
turn down调小(水，电器)；拒绝(提议)
turn away拒绝(某人)，打发走
turn out (to be)最后结果是，最终
turn in (＝hand in)上交
turn to sb.转向；向……求助
turn against反对
turn...into...转变成，把……变成……
The silence of the library was broken now and then by the sounds of pages ______.
A. turning over
B. having turned over
C. turned over
D. being turned over
解析：turn over pages意思是“翻书”，二者之间是动宾关系，所以要用被动形式，排除A、B两项。turned over是过去分词，表被动和完成，不符合语意环境；pages与动名词的被动being turned over构成动名词复合结构。
答案：D
In the dark street there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
解析：空格处应用引导定语从句的关系词，并且要呼应定语从句的意思构成turn to...for help表达“向某人求助”，所以答案是to whom。
答案：D
5．believe in信任；信仰；支持；赞成
[思维拓展]
①believe sb.＝believe what sb. says相信某人的话
②believe in sb.＝trust sb.信任某人
believe in God信仰上帝
believe in the method认为此办法行得通，有价值
believe in getting up early认为早起有好处
③believe sb. to be＋adj./n.相信某人是……
I believe him to be honest.
我相信他是诚实的。
④believe sb. to have done相信/认为某人做过某事
I believe him to have done it.
我相信他做过那事。
⑤believe＋that从句
⑥It’s believed that...(＝People believe...)
人们相信/认为……。
⑦I believe so.我相信如此。
I don’t believe so.＝I believe not.
我相信不会这样。
⑧believe it or not信不信由你
⑨make believe＝pretend假装
She was an excellent athlete. ______， that 21－year－old girl won three Olympic medals in track events.
A. Whether believe or not
B. Believing it or not
C. To believe or not
D. Believe it or not
解析：believe it or not固定短语在句中作插入语，“信不信由你”。其他三项皆为错误表达形式。
答案：D
6．come across偶然遇见，碰上
[思维拓展]
表示“意外遇到，偶然发现”的短语
come across happen to meet
meet...by chance meet...by accident
meet (up) with run into
run across
The other day while I was looking through some old papers, I ______ this interesting picture.
A. met with
B. met
C. was meeting with
D. was happened to meet
解析：句子的意思是“几天前我在翻找一些旧文件时，偶然发现了这张有趣的照片。”meet with的意思是“偶遇，偶然发现”，相当于happen to meet，而且呼应从句的过去进行时，此处主句只用一般过去时表达非延续性动作。
答案：A
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．It was a strange creature with red eyes—it was almost as if the creature was watching them.它长着奇怪的眼睛，好像一直在盯着他们看。
[思维拓展]
it is as if/as though...好像……
it looks/seems as if/as though...
看起来好像……，似乎……
it smells/tastes/sounds/feels as if/as though...
闻/尝/听/摸起来好像……
[指点迷津]
as if/as though “好像”所引导的从句的谓语动词的语气有二：
①陈述语气表示从句的动作和情况是事实，或实现(出现)的可能性很大。
②虚拟语气表示从句动作和情况不是事实，是一种个人假设，或根本无实现(出现)的可能性。如：
He walks as if he is drunk.(用陈述语气，表明他真的醉了)
He walks as if he were drunk.(用虚拟语气，表明他并未喝酒)
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
解析：实际上，铅笔并未断。因此，as if从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。从句义上看，从句表示的是一种“状态”或“情况”，而D项则是动作，故应排除。
答案：C
2．It is not enough to be strong in heart and mind，...仅仅意志坚强，头脑聪明还不够；……
[思维拓展]
①It is/was＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.其中的adj.有：difficult/easy/necessary/useful/important/(im)possible/expensive/heavy/dangerous/a good idea/an honour/a pity...
②It is/was＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. 其中的形容词有：rude/brave/careful/careless/helpful/clever/wise/foolish/stupid/silly/honest/kind/(im)polite/nice...
③It is/was＋adj.＋that...
In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that
C. there D. it
解析：根据句子结构，句中缺形式主语，真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。
答案：D
3．If only they could find a way to get to the room，...要是他们能找到一条通向房间的路该多好啊！
[指点迷津]
if only常用于引导一个只有条件句的虚拟语气，相当于“I wish＋句子”对过去发生的事的虚拟，从句谓语动词用“had done”结构；对现在和将来的虚拟，从句谓语动词用一般过去式或were(用于各种人称)。如：
If only she had not left！要是她没离开多好啊！
If only she were my sister！要是她是我姐姐多好啊！
4．Welcome to the world of JK Rowling! It is a world of magic and wonders, a world where anything can happen.欢迎来到J.K.罗琳的世界！这是一个充满魔法与神奇的世界，一个无所不能的世界。
[指点迷津]
the world“地球；世界；人间；(人类活动的)领域”
the world of JK Rowling“J.K.罗琳所创造的(人物活动的)世界”
a world of“一个……的世界/地方”
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