备考2011高效学习方案英语高一册：unit 14 festivals

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Unit 14　Festivals
(2007·山东)阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇120—150词的短文。
今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教十年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。
________________________________________________________________________
[参考答案]
The Ministry of Education of China has announced that some normal universities subordinate to it will accept a group of free teacher majors this year. The free teacher majors must return to their hometown to work in the primary and middle schools for over 10 years after graduation from the universities.
In our class, nearly all the top students from poor families now wish to become majors. I myself wish to go to a normal university, not just because of the education free of charge, but also due to my interest in teaching. I’ve decided to work harder at my lessons in order to make greater contributions to the education cause of our country in the future.
In my opinion, the education free of charge will attract more talented students to normal universities. That, undoubtedly, will result in a better future of China’s education. I think it’s the best choice to have a free teacher education.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．______(vt.)　尊敬；尊重
2．______(n.) 提醒的人(物)；暗示
3．______(vt.) 点燃；照亮
4．______(n.) 信任；信念；忠实
5．______(n.) 法则；原则，原理
6．______(adj.) 重大的；主要的
7．______(n.) 意见；看法
8．______(n.) 斗争；战斗；冲突
[答案]
1．respect　2.reminder　3.light　4.faith
5．principle　6.major　7.opinion　8.conflict
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．salute→______(n.)致敬
2．commercial→______(n.)商业，贸易
3．creativity→______(v.)创造→______(adj.)创造性的
4．probably→______(adj.)→______(n.)可能性
5．argument→______(同义词)→______(反义词)→______(v.)争论
6．symbol→______(v.)象征，标志→______(adj.)象征的
[答案]
1．salutation　2.commerce　3.create; creative
4．probable; probability　5.quarrel; agreement; argue
6．symbolize; symbolic
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．______ sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
2．______ sb. alive 使生存
3．believe ______ 相信
4．as ______ as 和……一样，也
5．______ to do 过去经常……
6．have...______ common 有共同之处
7．______ together 聚集
8．take ______ 欺骗；摄取；吸收
9．play a trick ______ sb. 开某人的玩笑；欺骗某人
10．______ one’s opinion 按照……的看法
11．dress ______ 盛装；打扮，装饰
[答案]
1．help　2.keep　3.in　4.well　5.used　6.in
7．get　8.in　9.on　10.in　11.up
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．as...as one can尽可能……
2．time for...……的时间
3．so...that...如此……以至于……
Ⅴ.重点语法
情态动词must, have to, have got to的用法
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
1．similar adj. 相似的
[指点迷津]
be similar to sb./sth.与某人/某物相似
be similar in sth.在(某一方面)相似
similarly adv. 相似地；类似地
similarity n. 相似性；相似点
similarity between/with...与……的相似处
Boys wear fashionable clothes to attract girls. In a ______ way, some birds have bright feathers.
A. common　　 　　　　 B. ordinary
C. similar D. same
解析：题意为：男孩子穿时髦的衣服来吸引女孩子；同样地，有些鸟也身披鲜艳的羽毛。common“共同的；普遍的”；ordinary“平凡的；一般的”；same一般与the连用，且其意为“与……一样”；in a similar way“以同样的方式”；“与……相似地”。
答案：C
2．kiss v. & n. 吻
[思维拓展]
kiss sb. hello亲吻问候
wave sb. hello挥手问候
wave sb. goodbye挥手道别
say hello to sb.向某人问候
say goodbye to sb.向某人告别
say yes to...同意……
say no to...不同意……
The supermarket was so crowded that I just had to ______ him hello at a distance.
A. shout B. kiss
C. sing D. wave
解析：选项A、C搭配有误，由at a distance“在远处”可知，“向某人挥手问候”，B不可选。
答案：D
3．offer v. 提供；表示愿意做……；n. 提议
[思维拓展]
offer sth.提供某物
offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
为某人提供某物
offer to do sth.表示要做某事
offer (sb.) some money for sth.
出价……买某物
offer (sb.) sth. for some money
以……价格把某物卖出(给某人)
offer advice/warm congratulations/lessons in English/help提供劝告/热烈祝贺/开设英语课/提供帮助
make an offer of help/support表示愿给予帮助/支持
refuse/accept an offer拒绝/接受帮助(建议等)
make an offer to do sth.表示愿做某事
A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered
C. are offered D. have offered
解析：解答本题的关键是首先确定谓语动词的单复数形式以及谓语动词的语态。由于句子主语为a library，句子应使用单数谓语动词，故排除C、D两项。offer sth. to sb.，句中a library为offer的宾语，故应使用被动语态。
答案：A
4．respect v. & n. 尊敬；尊重
[思维拓展]
to show respect for sb.尊敬某人
be held in (great) respect受到极大的尊敬
in respect of关于；就……来说
pay one’s last/final respect to
向某人表示最后敬意；告别
pay one’s respect to...去拜访某人以示敬意
with respect to...关于；至于
win sb’s respect赢得某人的尊敬
We should show ______ for school buildings, parks and other public property.
A. republic B. respect
C. represent D. repeat
解析：该题考查词义辨析，republic“共和国的”；represent“代表”；repeat“重复”；show respect for“尊重(某人或某物)”。
答案：B
5．advise v. 建议
[思维拓展]
advise doing sth.建议干某事
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人干某事
advise＋that－clause建议某事
[指点迷津]
advice n. 建议；忠告
a piece of advice一条建议
take/follow/accept one’s advice接受建议
ask for one’s advice请求建议
give advice on sth.就……提建议
[注]advise后跟从句，从句应为虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。advice为不可数名词。
I ______ him to give up smoking, but I failed.
A. preferred B. hoped
C. advised D. suggested
解析：四个选项中能用于“v.＋sb. to do sth.”这一结构的只有A、C。但从句子的意义上可以看出“我让他放弃抽烟”的动作应为“劝说”。
答案：C
6．argument n. 辩论；争论
[思维拓展]
accept one’s argument接受某人的论点/观点
have/get into an argument争论起来
for the sake of argument为了便于研究问题
argue v. 辩论；说明
argue (about)＋n. 争论……
argue that－clause主张，认为……
argue for/against赞成/反对……
argue with sb. about/over sth.因……与……争论
argue sb. into doing说服……做……
They ______ for hours, but neither of them would give in.
A. discussed B. spoke
C. argued D. talked
解析：动词词义辨析：argue“争论，争辩”；discuss“讨论”；speak“说话”；talk“谈话”。C项符合题意。
答案：C
Ⅱ.短语突破
1．too much太多(修饰不可数名词)
[指点迷津]
too many＋n.[C]太多的……
too much＋n.[U]太多的……
too much for sb.非某人力所能及
too much (单独使用时，可作主语、宾语或表语)
vi.＋too much (此时too much作状语)
much too＋adj./adv.
John had to ask a person to help him because the bag of rice was ______ to carry upstairs.
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
解析：too much后接不可数名词，而much too后接形容词或副词。
答案：A
There is ______ competition in the modern world that I believe students are under more pressure than ever before in exams.
A. too much B. so many
C. so much D. too many
解析：考查结果状语从句，所以用连接副词so...that；同时，competition是不可数名词，所以只有C项合适。
答案：C
2．a bit 有点儿；一点儿
[思维拓展]
a bit＋adj./adv. (＝a little＋adj./adv.)
一点儿；有点
a bit of＋n.(＝a little＋n.)一点儿；有点
not a bit (＝not at all)一点也不
not a little (＝very)很；非常
[指点迷津]
a bit修饰形容词、副词，相当于a little；但若修饰名词，a bit后需加介词of; a bit用于肯定句，意义与a little差不多，但若用于否定句，意义绝对不同，要特别注意。a little与a bit还可修饰比较级，表示“有点儿”。
You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move ______？
A. a bit far B. a little farther
C. a bit of farther D. a little far
解析：根据句意“你站得离相机太近了，能不能移得稍微远点儿？”可知，句子应用比较级，排除A、D；而a bit of应修饰名词，故答案为a little farther。
答案：B
My mother always gets a bit ______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
A. anxious B. ashamed
C. weak D. patient
解析：句意：如果我们说要来而没来，妈妈总是会有点担心的。a bit anxious＝a little anxious。
答案：A
3．take in欺骗；摄取
[思维拓展]
①欺骗；使上当
Don’t trust that fellow; he’ll take you in if he gets the chance.别信那家伙；他只要有机会就骗你。
②留……住宿
take sb. in for the night留下某人让其过夜
③理解；领悟
④吸入；看见
⑤改小(衣服)
4．in one’s opinion按照……的看法
[思维拓展]
in one’s opinion＝sb. think(s)．..
(＝in the opinion of sb.)在某人看来，以某人之见
have a good/high opinion of sb./sth.
(＝think/speak well/highly of sb./sth.)
对某人(事)评价好(高)
have a bad/low opinion of sb./sth.
(＝think/speak badly of sb./sth.)
对某人(事)评价不好(低)
give/express one’s opinion on/upon...
对……发表意见
What is/was one’s opinion of...？对……看法如何？
In the ______ of most people, the USA is very strong and rich. But in fact there are many poor people living a poor life there.
A. thought B. opinion
C. idea D. thinking
解析：in the opinion of sb.是固定搭配相当于in one’s opinion。
答案：B
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．used to过去常常
[思维拓展]
used to过去常常，过去曾经
There used to be a bookstore here, use(d)n’t/didn’t there
[指点迷津]
would与used to
would也可表示“过去常常”，但它表示的是过去习惯性的动作，不表状态。
used to既可表示过去习惯性的动作，也可表示过去持续的状态或情况，含有与现在对比的意味，即“过去如此，现在不再了”。它不与表确定时间段的状语连用，如for two years等。
When he was here, he ______ come to my house after work every day.
A. would B. should
C. had better D. might
解析：该句用would表示过去经常做的习惯性的动作，而非单纯用作情态意义。
答案：A
Ten years has passed, and my hometown is not what it ______.
A. used to B. used to being
C. uses to D. used to be
解析：句中what引导表语从句，并同时作从句中系动词be的表语，故排除A、C项；used to do...“以前常……”；be used to doing“习惯于……”。
答案：D
2．The week following Christmas Day, many African－American families get together to.... 圣诞节过后的那个星期天，许多非裔美洲人家庭相聚……
following Christmas Day是现在分词短语在句中用作后置定语，修饰the week，相当于定语从句which/that follows Christmas Day。
[指点迷津]
①following...中的following也可看作介词，意为“……之后”。
②following也用作形容词，意为“接着的，随后的”(同next)，或“下列的”。
③the following可单独作主语或宾语，意为“以下(内容等)”。
④as follows如下
follow one’s advice听从某人的建议
follow one’s example以某人为榜样
follow sb.跟着某人或领会某人说的话
follow this street顺着这条街走
Speak slowly, please; I can hardly ______ you.
Which of the following answers is wrong
A. catch B. follow
C. understand D. hear
解析：catch, follow和understand都有“听懂；领会(某人的话)”的意思。hear sb.“听到某人说话”，与前句speak slowly语义不衔接。
答案：D
3．Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy，...既然宽扎节既是一个欢乐的时刻，又是学习的时刻，……
since用法：
[思维拓展]
①adv. 从过去某时起至现在这一段时间，其后一般不跟具体的时间点，该时间点从上下文体现。
I have never seen him since.
后来我一直没见过他。
②prep. 后接名词、代词或动名词。
I have lived here since four months ago.
四个月来我一直住在这里。
③conj. 后接表示起点时间的状语从句。
I have lived here since I left school.
毕业后我一直住在这里。
④since conj. 引导原因状语从句，常位于句首，相当于now that。
Since everybody is here, let’s begin the meeting.
It＋be＋一段时间＋since从句
主句be常用一般现在时，也可用现在完成时，从句用过去时；主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
It is/has been a week since my father came back.
It was two years since we had parted.
[注]since引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词若是延续性动词，则时间从动作结束时算起。
He has lived here since he left Beijing.
自从他离开北京(住在北京这一动作结束)以来，他一直住在此处。
—What was the party like
—Wonderful, it’s years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before
C. when D. since
解析：考查句式“It＋be＋一段时间＋since从句”在具体语法中的用法。
答案：D
4．We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.我们必须尽最大努力使我们的社会更美好。
[指点迷津]
do as much as we can“尽我们的最大努力”，can后省略了动词do，其后的不定式作目的状语。相类似的结构有：
Don’t you think that we should do as much as we can ______ our friends out
A. help B. helping
C. to help D. helped
解析：该句考查do all/everything sb. can to...结构。
答案：C
5．Kwanzaa is a seven－day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans.宽扎节为期七天，是一个庆祝非裔美洲人的文化与历史的节日。
[指点迷津]
①celebrating....引导了一个现在分词短语作定语；现在分词的一般式doing和进行式being done可在句中作定语，分别表示动词与其所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓和动宾关系。如：
Do you know the man walking in the direction of the library？(walking＝who is walking)你认识那个正向图书馆走的人吗？
This is one of the experiments being carried out in our library now.(being carried out＝which is being carried out)这是我们学校正在开展的实验之一。
②seven－day也可写作7－day是“数字＋单数名词”构成的复合形容词，作前置定语；也可用“数字＋名词复数”结构作后置定语。
a ten－year－old girl
a girl(of) ten years old
The flowers ______ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
解析：smell与形容词连用，作连系动词，不用于被动语态，此处用现在分词短语作定语，相当于which/that smell sweet。
答案：B
Many students signed up for the ______ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
A. 800－metre－long B. 800－metres－long
C. 800－metres－length D. 800－metre－length
解析：该题考查“数字＋单数名词＋形容词”构成的复合形容词作定语。
答案：A
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