备考2011高效学习方案英语高一册：unit 18 new zealand

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Unit 18　New Zealand
(2009·北京西城抽样)请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50个。
Your English teacher shows the picture below and asks the class to discuss it. Your classmates have different understandings. Look at the picture carefully and tell the class how YOU understand it.
________________________________________________________________________
[参考答案]
As we can see in the picture, two men are staring at a potted flower with different expressions on their faces. One person is thinking about the sad ending of the flower while the other is imagining the flower blooming.
In my opinion, the picture is trying to tell us that different people may have different attitudes towards life. Faced with the same situation in our daily life, pessimistic people may feel helpless and complain about it all day long. Optimistic people, however, may look at it positively and take it as a chance to show his abilities and talents.
Therefore, it is our attitude that matters in our life.
1．______(vt. & vi.)　　　　 航行，乘船旅行
2．______(vt. & vi.) 用船运；装运；乘船
3．______(n.) 亲属；亲戚；关系；联系
4．______(n.) 会议；讨论会
5．______(n.) 百分比；百分数
6．______(n.) 秘书；书记；文书
7．______(adj.) 令人惊奇的；使人吃惊的
8．______(n.) 航行；(尤指)航海；航天
9．______(n.) 表面；外表
10．______(n.) 热，热度；压力
　 (vt. & vi.) 加热
11．______(vt.) 包围；围绕
[答案]
1．sail　2.ship　3.relation　4.conference
5．percent　6.secretary　7.surprising　8.voyage
9．surface　10.heat　11.surround
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．sail→______(n.)航海，航行→______(n.)海员，船员
2．agricultural→______(n.)农业，农艺
3．relation→______(n. & adj.)亲戚；相关的
4．percent→______(n.)百分率；比率
5．possession→______(v.)控制；占领
6．settle→______(n.)居民区→______(n.)殖民者；开拓者
7．coast→______(adj.)沿海的；沿岸的
[答案]
1．sailing; sailor　2.agriculture　3.relative
4．percentage　5.possess　6.settlement; settler
7．coastal
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．stand ______ 代表
2．compare...______... 把……和……比较
3．refer ______ 提到，谈到，查阅
4．go ______ 驾船航行；进行帆船运动
5．______ an agreement with...把……签订协议
6．______ with 把……标在……之上
7．turn ______ 开始于；求助于；转向
8．make ______ 组成；构成
9．take ______ of 占有；占领
10．be famous ______ 因……而闻名
11．be ______ by 被……环绕
12．in relation ______ 与……相关
[答案]
1．for　2.to　3.to　4.sailing　5.sign　6.mark
7．to　8.up　9.possession　10.for　11.surrounded
12．to
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．Weihai lies about 90 kilometres east of Yantai.
威海位于烟台东面约90公里处。
2．New Zealand has a mild sea climate, while the north is subtropical.
新西兰具有温和的海洋性气候，但它的北部是亚热带气候。
3．New Zealand wine is of high quality...
新西兰葡萄酒质量上乘……
Ⅴ.重点语法
The Use of “It” 1 as Subject(It的用法1——作主语)
Ⅰ.词汇聚焦
1．cattle n. 牛；家养牲畜
[指点迷津]
cattle意为“牲畜”，主要指牛，是总称，若表示“一头牛”，则用a head of cattle。
[思维拓展]
cattle牛
a head of cattle一头牛
police警察
a policeman一个警察
people人们
a person一个人
the English英国人
an Englishman一个英国人
the French法国人
a Frenchman一个法国人
Cattle ______ kept off the fields by a bamboo fence.
A. are　　　　 　 　　　 B. is
C. have D. has
解析：因cattle是集合名词，只能作复数用，所以B、D不对，又因此处需用被动，所以C不可。
答案：A
2．beyond adv. & prep. 往更远处；超过
[指点迷津]
①adv. 往更远处；再往前去
I will go with you to the bridge, but not a step beyond.
我可以和你一起走到桥那里，但一步也不往前走了。
②prep. 在……的另一边
What lies beyond those mountains
山的那一边有什么呀？
③过了限制；超过
The fruit was beyond my reach.那水果我够不着。
④除……以外
I own nothing beyond the clothes on my back.
除了身上穿的衣服外，我一无所有。
They maybe came from ______ the sea.
A. beyond B. outside
C. out of D. across
解析：句意：他们可能来自海外(国外)。
答案：A
3．surround v. 包围，围绕
[思维拓展]
①be surrounded by/with sb./sth.被某人/物包围
surrounded by comforts (比喻)生活在安逸之中
②surrounding adj. 附近的；四周的
surroundings n. 环境
6．possession n. 拥有；占有；财产
[思维拓展]
①in possession of拥有/占有……
take possession of占领，占有
one’s favorite possession某人的最喜爱之物
②possess v. 拥有；支配
4．settle v. 使定居；使平静；解决；停留
settler n. 移民者；定居者
[思维拓展]
settle down使安坐；定居下来；习惯于……
settle in使习惯于；在……定居下来
settle up结账
settle a problem/quarrel解决问题/争论
I’m sure he’ll ______ down in his new school.
A. come B. break
C. get D. settle
解析：settle down“习惯于某种生活”，句意：我相信他在新学校里很快就会习惯的。
答案：D
5．surprising adj. 令人吃惊的；使人吃惊的
[思维拓展]
－ed结尾的则表示它所修饰的中心词的感受，常用于人、人的表情或声音，意为“感到……的”。
The ______ homework is too much for me, and it often ______ me, so I often feel ______ after finishing it.
A. tire; tires; tiring B. tiring; tires; tired
C. tired; tire; tired D. tiring; tire; tired
解析：tire sb.“使某人感到累”；tiring“累人的，令人疲倦的”；tired“感到疲倦的”。
答案：B
Ⅱ.短语突破
1．be made up of...由……组成
[思维拓展]
①“制作”的表达方式
部分＋make up＋整体　组成
be made up of由……构成
make＋产品＋of＋原材料　用……制造(看得出原材料)
be made of用……制成
make＋产品＋from＋原材料　用……制造(看不出原材料)
be made from用……制成
make＋产品＋out of＋原材料　用……制造(改制成另一件)
be made in＋制造地/时间　在……制造
be made out of由……制成
be made by＋制造者　被……制造
②make up编造；化妆；弥补
make up for弥补，使平衡
make out理解，弄清楚，辨认出
make over转让，移走
make off逃走
[指点迷津]
make up表达“弥补，补偿”之意时，其宾语是指耽误了的事情；
make up for表达“弥补，补偿”时，是指用其他方式来平衡，其宾语是补偿的目的。
The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ______.
A. make it out B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it over
解析：本题考查动词短语的辨析。题目的语意环境是“这个想法使我迷惑”，那么“停下来几秒钟”的目的是为“弄清楚”。make out的意思是“想明白，弄清楚，理解”，符合题意；make off的意思是“逃走”；make up的意思是“组成；编造；打扮”；make over的意思是“转让，移走”。
答案：A
2．These occasions are marked with speeches, singing and dancing.这些事件被以讲话、唱歌和跳舞的方式记了下来。
[思维拓展]
mark vt. 作标记；留痕迹；给……评分
mark A on B (＝mark B with A) 在B上作记号A
be marked with被作上标记
mark the test papers批改试卷
mark n. 记号，痕迹；分数；征兆
leave marks on遗留痕迹
make a mark on...with...用……在……上作记号
gain/get full marks/70 marks得满分/得70分
as a mark of以表示……
One day, Mrs Nanett O’Neill gave an arithmetic test to our class. When the papers were ______ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.
A. examined B. completed
C. marked D. answered
解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。examine意为“检查”；complete意为“完成”；mark意为“打分”；answer意为“回答”。题目语意环境是“学生考试”和“发现12名男生出现雷同错误”所以“教师批卷”符合题意，所以答案是marked。
答案：C
3．turn to开始干；求助于；转向
[思维拓展]
turn to page 60 翻到60页
turn to sb.转向某人
turn to sb. for help向某人求助
turn to a task着手工作
turn to a dictionary查字典
(＝refer to a dictionary)
(＝look up...in a dictionary)
turn up (＝show up)出现
turn into (＝change into)变成
After he graduated from Beijing University, he became a teacher, but later he turned ______ translation.
A. to B. into
C. for D. with
解析：四个选项中只有turn to含有“把注意力或思想转向……”之意，符合题意要求。
答案：A
Ⅲ.句型归纳
1．New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people，...新西兰有三百八十万人口，……
[思维拓展]
What’s the population of...？……的人口是多少？
have a population of...有人口……
a large/small population人口多/少
an increase/a growth in population人口增长
a decrease/fall in population人口减少
[指点迷津]
①population指某地域的全部居民时是单数；当population被分数、百分数、小数等部分化表达“居民或人口的一部分”时，常作复数看待。
②对population提问时用what，而不是how many或how much。
③形容人口“多”时用large，人口“少”时用small，要避免使用many, much, few, little。
④population指动物或植物的个体总数时是可数名词，有复数populations。
The population of China is ______ of Japan.
A. more than that B. larger than those
C. more than those D. larger than that
解析：形容人口多时用large，而不用many或much，所以排除A、C两选项。the population指“全体人口”，是单数，再次出现可用that替代以避免重复；those替代可数名词复数，表示特指。
答案：D
2．The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs, some of which throw hot water high into the air.北方岛以一个地区的温泉而著称，其中的一些温泉喷到空中的水很高。
[思维拓展]
some of which...是一个非限制性定语从句，其中的which不能用that。
①“数词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句表达“……的几个”，也可以写作“of＋关系代词＋数词”。
②“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句表达所有格，也可以写作“of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”，可以换用“whose＋名词”引导定语从句。
[指点迷津]
先行词是人时，“the＋n.＋of whom”或“of whom＋the＋n.”引导定语从句；先行词是物时，“the＋n.＋of which”或“of which＋the＋n.”引导定语从句。
无论先行词是人还是物，都可以使用“whose＋n.”引导定语从句并且表达所有格。
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ______ hadn’t been cleaned at least a year.
A. these B. those
C. that D. which
解析：首先根据题目中的两套主谓结构确定主从复合句，所以排除选项A、B。应用“most of＋关系代词”引导定语从句，在介词后只能用which，不能用that。
答案：D
3．New Zealand wine is of high quality...新西兰酒品质很高……
[思维拓展]
be of＋抽象名词(importance/value/use/help/interest, etc.)
be of＋age/colour/size/height/weight/shape/kind/type/sort, etc.
be of＋物质名词(＝be made/built of...)
[指点迷津]
be of＋抽象名词(＝be＋该抽象名词的相应形容词)如：
His advice is of great help.＝His advice is very helpful.他的建议很有帮助。
______ different ages as the two physicians are, they are ______ the same interest.
A. Of; of B. At; /
C. Of; with D. At; at
解析：Of different ages as the two physicians are (＝Although the two physicians are of different ages，)此处as引导一个让步状语从句，表语提前；be of the same interest意为“兴趣相同”，故正确答案为A。
答案：A
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