（人教版）
班级 姓名 得分
一.语境填词
1．They built a rough ________ (避身处)from old pieces of wood.21cnjy.com
2．That balloon will ________ (爆裂)if you blow it up any more.
3．Many people were killed or ________(受伤) in the traffic accident.
4．The dog ________ (埋藏) its bone in the garden.
5．After the big fire，the house lay in ________(废墟)．
6．Although he knew Mary had cancer，the news of her death still came as a ____(令人震惊的事)．
7．Hundreds of people are still in the water，waiting to be ________(援救)．
8．They were ________(使陷入困境) in the burning building.
9．The whole town was completely ________(摧毁) owing to the terrible earthquake.
10．The World Expo in Shanghai is an ________(大事) in Chinese history.
答案： 1.shelter 2.burst 3.injured 4.buried 5.ruins 6.shock
7.rescued 8.trapped 9.destroyed 10.event
二．单项填空
1. -I hear they will get married next week. ?????
? ?- ________
?? A. Good luck!??? B. Congratulations!?? C. Oh，really??? D. Yes，sir?
2. ________，the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was ________.
?? A. At an end；in an end? B. In the end；at an end?21·cn·jy·com
?? C. In an end；at the end? D. At an end；in the end
3. One minute she burst into ____and the next burst out ____. We just couldn't catch her mood(情绪) at any moment.
?? A.crying; laughter ???B. tears; laughing
C. tears; laughter ????D. crying; laughing
4.A child ___parents are dead is called an orphan.
?? A. which??? B. whose?? C. where? ?D. with
5.After the fire,the once beautiful house is____.
?? A. in ruin? ?B. on the ruin? ??C. on ruins?? ?D. in ruins
6.Luckily, _____ of the two brothers were badly hurt.
?? A. not all??? B.not both??? ?C.not every??? D.not each
7._____ he is doing an operation on the patient. Please don't disturb him.
?? A. Right away?? ??B.Right now??? C.In no time?? D.At once
8. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
?? A. were ; was??? ?B.was ; was? ??C.was ; were? ?D.were ; were
9. It____everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.
?? A. suffered????? ?B.shocked??? ?C.persuaded?? D. destroyed
10. Everything returned to normal____nothing had happened.
?? A. as if????????? B.so that????? C. because???? D.for
11. __Tom hasn't come to class yet?
? ?__What do you think ______?
?? A. did happen to him ?? B. has happened to him?
C. he happened ??????? D. he has happened
12.About ____of the workers in that factory are young people.
?? A.third? fifths?? B.three? fifths ??C.three-fives?? D.three? fifth
13. Mary___her great sadness when she learned that the earthquake left her hometown in ruins.
?? A.expressed??? ?B judged?? ??C suggested???? D told
14. The lifeboat was sent out to____ the sailors from the sinking ship.
?? A. shelter?????? B. escape???? C. rescue? ?????D. trap
15.__ in the book,he didn't hear the sound.
?? A Burying ????B. To be buried?? C. Having been buried? D.Buried
答案：1-5 CBBBD? 6-10 BBCBA? 11-15 BBACD
三．阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every year there are hundreds of earthquakes in different parts of the world.In September, 1923，Tokyo and Yokohama were both destroyed by an earthquake and the fires that followed it.They had to be completely rebuilt.One of the most serious earthquakes was in China's Shaanxi Province in 1556.It killed almost one million people.www-2-1-cnjy-com
We measure an earthquake's strength on the Richter Scale.The Richter Scale was introduced in 1935 in Southern California in the USA.It measures earthquakes on a scale of one to ten.Any earthquake measuring five or more is usually serious.
The Earth's crust(地壳) is made up of rock called plates.As these plates move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake.In cities such as Tokyo，where small quakes happen quite often, many modern buildings are designed to be flexible so when the plate moves, they move with it.
Earthquakes can also break up gas and oil pipes.This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself.Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis.These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea.They can be many meters high and cause great damage to coastal towns and cities.China, Japan, Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence (发生)of earthquakes in the world.
1．The passage is mainly about ．
A．scientists who study earthquakes
B．the way of measuring earthquakes
C．a usual natural disaster—earthquakes
D．what people should do in the earthquake
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The earthquake in Shaanxi Province happened in 1556.
B．The earthquake in Shaanxi Province killed almost one million people.
C．The earthquake in Shaanxi Province caused a lot of damage.
D．The earthquake in Shaanxi Province was the only earthquake in China.
3．According to the passage we know that tsunamis ．
A．can cause earthquakes
B．are caused by earthquakes
C．only happen on land
D．are a way of measuring earthquakes
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述的是关于大自然中的一种常见的灾难——地震的具体信息等。
1【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容可知本文主要讲述了大自然中的一种很常见的灾难——地震的具体信息。故C项正确。
2【答案】 D
3【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea.”说明海啸是由海底的地震所导致的，故B项正确。
B
Everybody hates rats.But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan，Los Angeles，Turkey—rats will soon be man's new best friends.
What happens after an earthquake？We send in rescue dogs.Why？Because they can smell people.Dogs save lives.They help rescuers to find living people.But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces.So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives：the rat.
How does it work？First，the rat is trained to smell people.When this happens, the rat's brain gives a signal (信号)．This is sent to a small radio on its back，and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.When the rat's brain activity jumps，the rescuers know that someone is alive.The rat has smelled that person.zx.xk
Although there are already robots which can do this job，rats are better.Christian Linster at Cornell University，New York, says，“Robots' noses don't work well when there are other smells around.Rats are good at that.”Rats can also see in the dark.They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says，“It would be fantastic.A rat could get into spaces we couldn't get to，and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe.”Perhaps for the first time in history，people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake，of course.)
4．In the world earthquake capitals，rats will become man's best friends because they can ．
A．take the place of man's rescue jobs
B．find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings
C．serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings
D．get into small spaces
5．From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person who is alive by ．
A．the noise made by the rat
B．the rat's unusual behaviour
C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat's back
D．the smell given off by the person
6．In doing rescue jobs， ．
A．rats smell better than dogs
B．dogs don't need to be trained to smell people
C．robots' sense of smell can be affected by other smells around21*cnjy*com
D．rats can see in the dark and are smaller than robots
7．Rats have all the following advantages EXCEPT that ．
A．they are more fantastic than other animals
B．they are less expensive to train than dogs
C．they don't need electricity
D．they are small and can get into small places
【语篇解读】 人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。
4【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。
5【答案】 C
6【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Robots' noses don't work well when there are other smells around.Rats are good at that”可知，机器人的嗅觉会受到周围其他气味的影响。
7【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。文章第一句提到“Everybody hates rats.”，由此可知，人们并不喜欢老鼠。
C
King's College Summer School is an annual(每年的) training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King's College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year's summer school will be from July 25 to August 15.
More information is as follows：
Application(申请)date
●Students in New York should send their applications before July 18, 2007.
●Students of other cities should send their applications before July 16, 2007.
●Foreign students should send their applications before July 10, 2007.
Courses
●English Language
Spoken English: 22 hours
Reading and Writing: 10 hours
●American History: 16 hours
●American Culture: 16 hours
Steps
●A letter of self-introduction
●A letter of recommendation(推荐)
* The letters should be written in English with all the necessary information.
Cost
●Daily lessons: $200
●Sports and activities: $100
●Travels: $200
●Hotel service: $400
* You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city.
Please write to：
Thompson, Sanders
1026 King's Street
New York, NY 10016, USA
E-mail: KC-Summer-Schoolyahoo. com
8．You can most probably read the text in ．
A．a newspaper B．a travel guide
C．a textbook D．a telephone book
9．Which of the following is true about King's College Summer School?21*cnjy*com
A．Only top students can take part in the program.
B．King's College Summer School is run every two years.
C．Visits to museums and culture centers are part of the program.
D．Only the teachers of King's College give courses.
10．If you are to live with your relatives in New York, you will have to pay the school ．
A．$200 B．$400
C．$500 D．$900
11．What information can you get from the text?
A．The Program will last two months.
B．You can write to Thompson only in English.
C．As a Chinese student，you can send your application on July 14，2007.
D．You can get in touch with the school by e-mail or by telephone.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍的是King's College Summer School。其中包含参与人员，主要形式，以及表中显示的应用的时间，涉及的课程，步骤，费用和申请所需的相关信息。
8【答案】 A
9【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据首段的Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized.可知去博物馆和文化中心包括在内，故C项正确。
10【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据表中Cost的内容，如果住在亲戚或朋友家的话，就不用交住旅馆的费用，因此把其他费用相加刚好为500美元，故答案C正确。
11【答案】 B
D
It was 3：12 a．m.when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning.Except for the cracking of flames somewhere below there was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin，Long Island.With his father away on night duty at a local factory，Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen, 14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd.He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull Karen and Todd until they sat up.Then he helped each one through the house to the safety of the garden.There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing，collapsed on the lawn.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
The nine-year-old boy raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother's room.He found it impossible to wake her up.Mrs.Kreamer, a victim of the smoke，was unconscious, and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden.But the boy remained calm and，as a fireman said later，“acted with all the self control of a trained adult.”21·世纪*教育网
On the bedroom telephone，luckily still working，Glenn called his father and，leaving Mr.Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulane service，then got on with the task of saving his mother.
First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed.Then，with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden.
He could hear the fire engine coming up，but how would the firemen find his mother in the smokefilled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground floor?www.21-cn-jy.com
Grasping firmly a ball of string from the garage，Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother's room.Tying one end of the string to her hand he ran back，laying out the string as he went，through the hall and back out into the garden.
Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan，“The string will lead you to Mother.”Mrs.Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor.
12．Why did Glenn run downstairs first?
A．He wanted to find out what was happening.
B．He was worried about his mother's safety.
C．He wanted to save his sister and brother.
D．He went to see if his father had come back from work.
13．How did Glenn help the firemen to find his mother?
A．By throwing water all over her and her bed.
B．By carrying her to safety with his brother.
C．By pushing and pulling his mother.
D．By tying a string to his mother's hand.
14．What did Glenn do to protect himself in the fire?
A．He put a wet cloth around his head.
B．He threw water all over himself.
C．He hid himself in the bathroom.
D．He rushed out to the lawn.
15．Glenn saved his family because ．
A．his father had taught him to do so on the phone
B．he had learned something about first aid
C．he had dealt with the emergency calmly and wisely21教育网
D．he had followed his mother's instruction
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了少年在大火发生时，沉着冷静，救了自己的家人的故事。
12【答案】 C
【解析】 根据第一段中的“He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull Karen and Todd until they sat up.”可知，格伦跑到楼下是为了救他的哥哥和姐姐。
13【答案】 D
【解析】 根据文章倒数第二段最后一句和最后一段内容可知答案。
14【答案】 A
15【答案】 C
【解析】 根据全文内容，尤其是第一段后半部分、第二段和最后两段可知，是格伦的沉着冷静而且机智的做法救了家人的性命。【出处：21教育名师】
四. 阅读填句
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life in the late 21st century will be different from that nowadays, because many changes will take place then, but what will the changes be?z&xxk
1 There will be more and more people in the world and most of them will live longer than today.
Computers will be much smaller and more useful；and there will be at least one in every home. 2
People will work fewer hours than they are doing now.They will have more free time for sports, watching TV and travelling.Travelling will be much cheaper and easier. 3
4 More land will be used for building new towns and houses.Then there will be less room for cows and sheep，so meat will be more expensive.Maybe no one will eat it every day, instead they eat more vegetables and fruit.Maybe people will be healthier thanks to that.
Work in the future will be different, too. 5 Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do.This will be a problem.
A．And computer study will be one of the important subjects at school.
B．There will be changes in our food, too.
C．Robots are most useful in the future.
D．The population is growing fast.
E．The population is becoming smaller and smaller.
F．And many more people will go to other countries for holidays.
G．Dangerous and hard work will be done by robots.
【答案】 1－5 DAFBG
五. 完形填空
I lay in the shade of the great tree in our yard.The smell of the roses carried me to a(n) 1 of my grandmother, who always smelled like roses.When I was young, she would tell me 2 of her adventures.21世纪教育网版权所有
Grandma was the first woman in her family to 3 ．Her father did not feel a woman should do that.However, she just went out and got a job as a happy bus driver.He was 4 but nothing much came between grandma and her father.2·1·c·n·j·y
She was a 5 ．She didn't care about the limitations (限制) of the 6 around her.During the war she moved to Long Beach and 7 in a shipbuilding factory.
Grandma taught me many things about 8 ．She said that I should 9 ask anyone else to take care of me when I grew up.Never leave the house without a 10 to get back by myself.
After my family moved to California, we would receive 11 from grandma.I would read her letters and admire (赞美) her 12 handwriting.Reading the letters，I would 13 her sitting in the yard and writing us while 14 her friends to arrive for coffee.Then close my eyes and 15 myself to be there next to her. 16 my eyes and finding myself still in California was 17 ．
The smell of 18 will always take me back to her.Women drivers will always make me 19 and remember her laughter.Memories do 20 the test of time.
1．A.place B．memory
C．expression D．instruction
2．A.songs B．poems
C．stories D．jokes
3．A.marry B．leave
C．speak D．drive
4．A.happy B．silly
C．angry D．proud
5．A.character B．person
C．tourist D．daughter
6．A.children B．adults
C．women D．men
7．A.worked B．played
C．danced D．fought
8．A.money B．school
C．love D．life
9．A.often B．sometimes
C．never D．always
10．A.plan B．road
C．car D．bike
11．A.gifts B．letters
C．calls D．cards
12．A.strange B．familiar
C．beautiful D．ugly
13．A.see B．hear
C．smell D．imagine
14．A.waiting for B．looking for
C．thinking of D．hearing of
15．A.help B．wonder
C．pretend D．hope
16．A.Opening B．Closing
C．Changing D．Having
17．A.interesting B．exciting
C．sad D．easy
18．A.trees B．leaves
C．words D．roses
19．A.smile B．cry
C．cool D．fine
20．A.stand B．fail
C．take D．give
【语篇解读】 本文讲述的是作者在回忆自己的奶奶。
1【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文可知，作者在回忆奶奶的事情。句意：玫瑰的香气将我带进了对奶奶的“回忆”中。
2【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：在我小时候，她会给我讲她冒险的“故事”。
3【答案】 D
【解析】 由下文可知，尽管她的父亲反对，奶奶还是在外面找了一份巴士司机的工作。由此可知，奶奶是她的家庭里第一个“开车”的女人。2-1-c-n-j-y
4【答案】 C
【解析】 由上文可知，奶奶的父亲反对她开车，她却出去当了一名巴士司机。 由此可知，她的父亲对此感到“生气”。
5【答案】 A
【解析】 由下文奶奶的所作所为可以看出，她是个“人物”，不同于一般的女性。character在此处指“(不同寻常的)人”。【版权所有：21教育】
6【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：如果没有一个可以独自回来的“计划”，就不要离开家。
11【答案】 B
【解析】 由下文作者读奶奶的来信可知，此处是说他们搬家后会收到奶奶的“信”。
12【答案】 C
【解析】 句意：我会读奶奶的来信并赞美她“漂亮的”笔迹。
13【答案】 D
【解析】 作者读信的时候就会“想象”奶奶坐在院子里给他们写信的情景。
14【答案】 A
【解析】 此处指奶奶在“等候”朋友们来喝咖啡。wait for“等候，等待”，符合语境。look for“寻找”；think of“想起”；hear of“听说”。21教育名师原创作品
15【答案】 D
【解析】 作者想象着奶奶坐在院子里的情景，然后闭上眼睛，“希望”自己就在她身边。
16【答案】 A
【解析】 前面说作者闭上眼睛，希望自己在奶奶身边，因此这里是指“睁开”眼睛。
17【答案】 C
六. 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, and 1. (thousand) of kinds of animals have disappeared from the world forever. About 170 kinds in the US alone 2._____ (consider) in danger.
Why should people care？3. we need animals, and if they are gone, there will never be any more. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature.
4. (destroy)one kind of animal can create many problems.For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks (老鹰), the farmers' stores of corn and grain were destroyed 5. rats and mice. With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied (繁殖)6. (quick)．
Luckily, some people are working 7. (help) save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about 8. problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. Quite a few 9.
(country) have passed laws.These laws forbid the killing of any animals on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger 10. (be) growing.
【答案】 1.thousands 2.are considered 3.Because 4.Destroying 5.by
6.quickly 7.to help 8.the 9.countries 10.is
七.短文改错
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Bob，
I'm glad to hear of you.I've found suitable house for you.The house is on Fang Cao Street, that is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.It is a flat on the third floor of a building.It has three rooms, a living-room, a bathroom or a kitchen.The mirror, the basin and the bathtub are very conveniently for you.In the living-room, there is a bed, a sofa and a desk with two chair.The total size is 25 square metres and the rent is of 500 yuan a month.Will you be satisfying with this flat，or you want other one？Just let me know.I'll try my best to helping you.See you.
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Bob，
I'm glad to hear you.I've found suitable house for you.The house is on Fang Cao Street， is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.It is a flat on the third floor of a building.It has three rooms, a living-room, a bathroom a kitchen.The mirror, the basin and the bathtub are very for you.In the living-room, there is a bed, a sofa and a desk with two .The total size is 25 square metres and the rent is 500 yuan a month.Will you be with this flat，or you want one？Just let me know.I'll try my best to you.See you.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Yours，
Li Hua
八．书面表达
??? 假如你是来自汶川地震灾区的李明，你的美国朋友Tom写信询问你的安全、你家乡的灾后重建情况，以及你的学习、生活情况。请你用英语从以下几个方面写一封120词左右的回信：
1．很多人在地震中失去了家人。幸运的是，在政府和全社会的帮助下，我们已从废墟中站了起来。
2．现在我们正在新建的教室里上课。经过这场灾难，我们变得更坚强。
3．现在依然有很多来自全国各地的好心人来看我们，他们给我们带来了爱和信心。
4．我们已决心重建家园，争取使其变得更美好。
注意：开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
I'm so glad to hear from you.Now I want to tell you about my hometown－Wenchuan，Sichuan province.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
?
Yours，
Li Ming
Dear Tom，
???? I'm so glad to hear from you.Now I want to tell you about my hometown－Wenchuan，Sichuan province.Many people lost their families in the earthquake.Luckily，with the help of the government and society，we have risen from the ruins.zxx*k
??? Now we are studying in our new classrooms.Through the disaster，we have become stronger.There are still many warm?hearted people from all over the country coming to see us.They bring us love and confidence.Now we are determined to rebuild our hometown and try to make it a better place.
Yours，
Li Ming
（人教版）
班级 姓名 得分
一. 请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。
fresh, electricity, organize, injure, judge, shake, rise, speech, disaster, destroy
1 Let me write it down while it is still _________ in my mind.21教育网
2 Without __________ our life would be quite different today.21*cnjy*com
3 He got _________ in the right leg while playing football last week.21教育名师原创作品
4 When an earthquake comes people can feel the house _________.
5 At Jerry’s party, Mr Smith delivered an amusing _________.
6 If a nuclear war should break out, it would bring a great _________ to man.
7 Most of the buildings _________ in the earthquake.
8 From yesterday on the temperature began to _________.www-2-1-cnjy-com
9 Never _________ a person only by his clothes.
10 Our class went on an _________ trip last Monday.
答案：1 fresh? 2 electricity? 3 injured? 4 shaking? 5 speech? 6 disaster? 7 were destroyed? 8 rise? 9 judge? 10 organized?
二. 词义辨析
1．用wound，harm，hurt或injure的适当形式填空
(1) The bullet ________ his arm.
(2) Two people have been badly ________ in the accident.
(3) These criticisms have ________ his pride deeply.
(4) Don’t ________ your eyes by reading in dim light.
(5) My chest ________ when I take a deep breath.
2．用rise，raise或lift的适当形式填空
(1) Hearing the old man’s report，the officer ________ from his seat and said something must be done to ________ people’s living standards.
(2) The price of tomatoes has ________ recently.
(3) The price of tomatoes has been ________ recently.
(4) After graduation he ________ pigs to support his family.
(5) This suitcase is too heavy for the child to ______.21世纪教育网版权所有
(6) The sun ________ in the east and sets in the west.
答案：1．(1)wounded (2)injured (3)hurt (4)harm (5)hurts
hurt为一般用语，指对肉体或精神上的伤害；hurt用作不及物动词时，还可表示“疼痛”。
injure主要指在事故中受伤，其名词是injury，可指平时的大小创伤或伤害，还可指事故中的伤害。
2．(1)rose raise (2)risen (3)raised (4)raised (5)lift (6)rises
解析 rise作不及物动词用，不能带宾语，意思是“上升，升起”，多表示起身、起立、起床、上涨，(太阳、月亮等)升起等。一般说明主语自身移向较高的位置。raise和lift是及物动词，后面一定要带宾语。有些情况下两者可换用。但是如果表示抽象意义，比如提高政治觉悟、生活水平、地位、名誉等，要用raise。此外raise也表示“筹集；饲养，种植，抚养；提出”等。如果表示用体力或机械力把某一重物从地面举到一定的高度则用lift。
三. 用正确的关系词填空
1．Look at that lady ________ name is Pochi.
2．He is a teacher ________ I like very much.
3．Those pictures ________ were drawn by Tom are nice.
4．Those ________ will go to the park stay here.
5．That was all the money ________ I had.
6．The house，________ we bought last month，is very nice.
7．Look at the boy and his dog ________ are coming this way.
8．I bought a vase yesterday，________ price is reasonable.
答案：1.whose 2.that/who/whom 3.that/which 4.who 5.that 6.which 7.that 8.whose
四. 阅读理解
A
Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous(多山的). 21·cn·jy·com
The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2, 000 people died.
In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 830, 000 people were killed. This earthquake happened in 1556. 21cnjy.com
Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for them.
1. We can infer from the passage that________.
A. people are not afraid of earthquakes
B. only strong earthquakes kill a large number of people
C. a large number of earthquakes often happen next to mountains
D. earthquakes happen only in a few places along the coast
2. How many people died in the earthquake which happened in Portugal in 1755?
A. 500. B. 140, 000. C. 830, 000. D. About 2, 000.
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.
B. Earthquakes often come unexpectedly.
C. Earthquakes can cause fires.
D. People still don’t know when an earthquake will come.
答案：(1)-(3) C D A
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. ”可知, A项错误。
B
After an earthquake most survivors can be expected to recover over time, particularly with the support of family and friends.Some families will be able to return to their normal life quickly，while others will have to contend_with the destruction of their homes，medical problems, and injury to family members.Children especially will need time to recover from the loss of a loved one or a pet or from the closing down of their school.
Children often turn to adults for information，comfort and help.Parents should try to remain calm, answer children's questions honestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children's behavior.z*xxk
Children react differently to an earthquake depending on their ages, developmental levels and former experiences.Some will respond by withdrawing (不与人交往)，while others will have angry outbursts (爆发)．Parents should remain sensitive to each child's reactions.Parents should spend time talking to their children，letting them know that it's OK to ask questions and to share their worries. Although it may be hard to find time to have these talks, parents can use regular family mealtimes or bedtimes for them.They should answer questions briefly and honestly and be sure to ask their children for their opinions and ideas. Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again. For young children, parents, after talking about the earthquake, might read a favorite story or have a relaxing family activity to help them calm down. Parents should also tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. They could play games outside or read together indoors. Most importantly，be sure to tell them you love them.
1．The underlined phrase“contend with”in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”．
A．deal with B．make up
C．put off D．turn back
2．When children ask the same question again, parents should________.
A．read a favorite story to comfort them
B．ask them to help do some housework
C．be patient and answer the question again
D．take them out to play games
3．Which of the following pieces of advice is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Keep a close watch on children's behavior.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children you love them.
D．Ask educational experts for help.
4．What can we know from the passage?
A．All people will recover from an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a longer time to recover after an earthquake.
C．Children should turn to their classmates for help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults do to an earthquake.
知B项正确。
C
Tsunami(海啸)is a natural disaster，which is a Japanese word that means“sea wave”．A tsunami is a huge sea wave that forms mainly in the Pacific Ocean area.People die and property is destroyed when a tsunami hits land.What causes these dangerous sea waves？Some times，tsunamis are caused when earthquakes take place underwater.Then，water begins to move up and down from the top of the ocean right down to the bottom.Waves begin to form，and each wave is called a tsunami.
A tsunami is less than one meter high and can move at a speed of almost 800 kilometers per hour while it is far out in the ocean.But the tsunami rises much higher and moves more slowly as it comes closer to land.2-1-c-n-j-y
The weather bureau(气象局)warns people over the radio and television when a tsunami is heading for land.These warnings have helped save many lives.
1．The Japanese word “tsunami” means ______.
A．earthquake B．sea wave C．ocean water D．tornado
2．According to the passage，a tsunami can be caused by ______.
A．an underwater earthquake B．heavy rains
C．waves hitting land D．tornado
3．As the tsunami moves toward land，it______.
A．picks up more speed
B．becomes far less dangerous
C．rises higher and higher
D．rises lower and lower
4．When a tsunami is coming，______.
A．people will feel the sea wave
B．the government will warn people
C．the weather bureau will move to the radio stations
D．the weather will be terrible
5．According to this passage，______.
A．a tsunami can’t cause lots of trouble
B．people can save their lives when a tsunami is coming
C．the warning from the weather bureau can help people save their lives
D．no one can escape when a tsunami is coming
五. 完形填空
During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. I went to live there in order to be 1 him. I hated the place, I had never 2 been so unhappy, My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone. The heat was 3 -almost 125℉ even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌). 4 a soul to talk to, The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the every air I breathed, were 5 with sand, sand, sand!
I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I was 6 and coming back home. I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer. I 7 be in prison! My father answered my 8 with just two lines-two lines that will always sing in my 9 - two lines that completely changed my life：
Two men looked out from prison bars
One saw the mud, the other saw the stars
I read those two lines 10 I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 11 ; I would look for the stars.
I made friends with the natives, and their 12 amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 13 to sell to tourists, I studied the delightful forms of the cactus, I watched for the desert sunsets, and 14 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the desert had been an ocean 15
What brought about this 16 change in me ? The desert hadn’t changed, 17 I had, I had changed my 18 And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 19 of my life, I was excited by this new world that I had discovered I had looked out of my self-created prison and 20 the stars
1． A. off B. behind C. near D. beyond
2. A. before B. already C. then D. still
3. A. inflexible B. incomprehensible
C. uncontrollable D. unbearable
4. A. Only B. Not C. Many D. Such【版权所有：21教育】
5. A. covered B. filled C. buried D. charged
6. A. catching up B. keeping up C. giving up D. getting up
7. A. ought to B. might well C. would rather D. had better
8. A. request B. call C. question D. letterwww.21-cn-jy.com
9. A. comparison B. imagination C. consideration D. memory【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
10. A. over and over B. by and by C. up and down D. now and then
11. A. company B. occupation C. situation D. relationship
12. A. movement B. reaction C. guidance D. purpose
13. A. refused B. failed C. managed D. happened
14. A. asked B. hunted C. waited D. headed
15. A. floor B. surface C. rock D. level
16. A. shocking B. challenging C. puzzling D. astonishing【出处：21教育名师】
17. A. as B. but C. for D. or
18. A. attitude B. principle C. identity D. standard
19. A. vacation B. operation C. affair D. adventure
20. A. sought B. counted C. found D. reached
答案：
1-5 C A D B B 6-10 C C D D A 11-15 C B A B A 16-20 D B A D C
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠的军营里，寂寞的生活和艰苦的生活条件让作者难以忍受，她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给他的信中就两行字，就是这两行字使作者改变了自己对人生的态度。
根据上文的I went to live there，可知，作者去住在丈夫的军营为了靠近丈夫。A. 远离；B. 在……后面；C. 靠近；D. 超过。故选C。
考点：考查介词辨析。
考点：考查形容词辨析。
4. 根据上文a desert和alone，可知，没有一个人可以交谈。A. 仅仅；B. 没有；C. 很多；D. 这样。故选B。
考点：考查副词辨析。
5. 根据上文a desert可知，作者吃的食物，呼吸的空气都充满了沙子。A. 覆盖；B. 填满；C. 埋葬；D. 负责，要价。故选B。
考点：考查动词辨析。
6. 根据下文coming back home，可知，作者写信给父母，告诉他们她要放弃。A. 赶上； B. 维持； C. 放弃；D. 起床。故选C。
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
7. 根据上文I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer，可知，我宁愿在监狱里。A. 应该；B. 不妨，最好；C. 宁愿；D. 最好。故选C。
考点：考查短语辨析。
8. 根据上文I wrote to my parents，可知，作者的爸爸回复了作者的信，只有两行字。A. 请求；B. 电话；C. 问题；D. 信。故选D。
考点：考查形容词辨析。
9. 根据句意：这两行字将永远在我记忆里唱响一这是永远改变我的生活的两行字。A. 对比; B想象；C. 考虑；D. 记忆。故选D。21*cnjy*com
考点：考查名词辨析。
者和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让作者很惊讶。A. 运动；B. 反应；C. 指导； D. 目的。故选B。
考点：考查名词辨析。
13. 根据句意：他们给我最喜欢的艺术作品的礼物，这些作品是他们拒绝卖给游客的。A. 拒绝；B. 失败；C. 设法完成；D. 碰巧。故选A。
考点：考查动词辨析。
14.根据下文for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago可知，作者寻找几百万前留下的贝壳。A. 问；B. 打猎；C. 等待；D. 前往。hunt for寻找。故选B。
考点：考查动词辨析和短语搭配。
15.根据上文millions of years ago可知，几百万年前，沙漠曾经是海床。A. 地板；B. 表面；C. 岩石；D. 水平。故选A。
考点：考查名词辨析。
16.根据上文two lines that completely changed my life ：，可知，这里是：什么造成我这样令人惊讶的改变？A. 令人震惊的；B. 有挑战的；C. 令人困惑的；D. 令人惊讶的。故选D。
考点：考查形容词辨析。
17.根据句意：沙漠没有改变，但是我变了。表示转折关系。A. 正如，因为，随着；B. 但是；C. 因为；D. 或者。故选B。
考点：考查连词辨析。
重要；C. 发现；D. 到达。故选C。
考点：考查动词辨析。
六． 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lots of people get nervous when talking in front of the class or get laughed at if they make a mistake in front of an audience.__1__ At times, your body produces “stress hormones (荷尔蒙)” that can actually help you focus.
But when worry and stress about performing get to be too much, these hormones give people that “red alert (紧急状态)” feeling — the one that causes you to feel cold or sweaty, or get butterflies in your stomach.__2__
Be prepared. __3__ Rehearse (排练) as much as you can and practice in front of others at every opportunity(机会)．Most of all, think positively.Tell yourself “I'll be OK” or “I can do this” even if you are not 100% sure of it.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Look after yourself.Before big performances, it's easy to forget to take care of yourself because you spend too much time on rehearsals and practice.__4__ Exercise can also help you feel good, and along with sleep and nutrition, it is an excellent way of keeping those stress hormones from getting out of control.
Find out what the experts do.You can find books, DVDs, and online information about how to give your best when you perform, depending on what type of performance you're preparing for. __5__ Or ask the cast (演员) of your school play or your drama or music teacher how they beat stage fright.And if your parents or grandparents ever performed, they may have their own secrets to share.
A．Confidence helps beat stress hormones.
B．The following tips can help you avoid that feeling.
C．You're less likely to freeze up if you're well prepared.21·世纪*教育网
D．You can do this whether you're performing alone or as part of a group.
E．Check out stories about Olympic gymnasts (体操运动员) or your favorite stars to get their tips.
F．In fact, feeling nervous before a performance is part of your body's way of helping you do your best.
G．You'll look and feel your best if you get enough sleep and eat healthy meals before your performance.
答案：1～5 FBCGE
七．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An earthquake is a shaking of the ground __61__ (cause) by the sudden breaking and shifting of large sections of earth's rocky outer shell.Earthquakes are among the most__62__ (power) events on earth, and their results can be terrifying. Rock movements during__63__ earthquake can make rivers change their course.Earthquakes can cause great damage and loss of __64__ (live)．Large earthquakes beneath the ocean can create a series __65__ huge and destructive waves called tsunamis __66__ flood coasts for many miles.2·1·c·n·j·y
Earthquakes almost never kill people directly. Instead, many deaths and __67__ (injure) in earthquakes result from __68__ (fall) objects and the collapse of buildings, bridges, and other structures. Fire caused from __69__ (break) gas or power lines is another major danger during a quake. Spills of __70__ (harm) chemicals are also a concern during an earthquake.
答案：61.caused 62.powerful 63.an 64.life 65.of 66.that/which 67.injuries 68.falling 69.broken 70.harmful
八． 短文改错
My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
答案：
1. wanted后加to
2. come改为came
3. have改为having
4. immediate改为immediately
5. on改为at
6. Neither改为None
7. arrows was中的was改为were
8. 删掉were或looked
9. but改为and
10. a改为an
（人教版）
一、教材分析
本单元的中心话题是“地震”。本课的内容主要涉及了1976唐山大地震的震前预兆、地震发生时的情况、震后的破坏和伤亡情况以及震后的救援工作。对于地震，学生应该不陌生，有相应的知识构架，特别是在雅安和玉树地震后，人们对地震还心存余悸，所以本课在自然知识的讲解方面应该不会有太大困难。本文重点在于培养学生语言知识能力之外，也要鼓励学生遇到困难时勇于面对，树立“一方有难，八方支援”的社会责任感。
二、重、难点知识点提示
重点：重点掌握本课的核心词汇和常用表达。
难点：1. 如何使学生养成科学的阅读习惯，提高阅读理解能力和语言水平。
2. 通过描述地震灾害的常用语，学生能够简单地描述地震发生的原因，如：震级，震感，海啸，世界末日等。
三、重点知识点讲解：
考点（一）重点单词
ruin n．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产
Eg. 476 AD saw the ruin of Roman Empire.
公元四七六年罗马帝国灭亡。
My wife was ruining her health through worry.
忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。
【归纳】
be/lie in ruins成为废墟
fall into ruin成为废墟
come to ruin毁灭，落空
Eg. The city is now in ruins.
那个城市现在成了一片废墟。
The storm laid the village in ruins.
暴风雨使这个村子成了一片废墟。
【辨析】
ruin/destroy/damage
ruin
一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果。常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
destroy
指彻底的损坏，常含不能或很难修复的意思。可接人，也可以接物。
damage
损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值。通常接物。
harm
一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。
【练习】选词填空ruin，destroy，damage
①Her heart was slightly ________as a result of her long illness.
②His life was ________by drink.
③The earthquake almost ________all the bridges in this area.【出处：21教育名师】
【答案】 ①damaged ②ruined ③destroyed
injure vt.损害，伤害
Eg. Hundreds of people are injured when the train go off the rail.www-2-1-cnjy-com
火车出轨时，数百人受伤。
Often does games cause knee joint to injure?
经常运动会造成膝关节损伤吗？
【归纳】
①injury n．伤，伤口，伤害
②injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的
the injured伤员
Eg. The company sent the injured back home by air.www.21-cn-jy.com
公司用飞机将伤员运送回家。
【辨析】
wound/injure/hurt/harm
wound
指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗中受伤。
injure
“损害；受伤”，指由于意外或事故而受伤，着重指容貌、机能的损坏。
hurt
指肉体上，也可指精神上的伤害。也可为“疼痛；痛苦；伤心”。
harm
肉体上，也可指精神上的伤害，可能会带来不便。
【练习】 选词填空：injure，wound，hurt，harm
①The soldier was ________in the arm in the war.
②She was ________slightly in an accident during the work.
③I was very much________at his words.
④This bright light will do great ________to your eyes.
【答案】 ①wounded ②injured ③hurt ④harm
3. rise / raise / lift
【辨析】
rise
普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。
raise
及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。
lift
语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). She ________ her eyes from her work.
2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see.
3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.
【答案】1). raised 2). Lift 3). rise
4. congratulate / celebrate
【辨析】
congratulate
对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。
celebrate
通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I _________ you on your success.
2). We held a party to __________ our success..
【答案】1). congratulate 2). celebrate
5. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心
Eg. Whenever he is free，he will bury his nose in a book.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
他一有空就埋头看书。
Dogs like to bury bones.
狗喜欢藏骨头。
【归纳】
bury sth.in... 把……埋到……里，
be buried in / bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
Eg.The envelope was buried in some papers on my desk.
那只信封被我桌子上的一些文件盖住了。
She buried herself in her work.
她埋头于工作。
【练习】一句多译
由于他埋头读书，所以他不知道外面下雨了。
→①(使用连词because)
________________________________________________________________________
→②(使用现在分词burying作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
→③(使用过去分词buried作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Because he buried himself in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside./Because he was buried in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside. ②Burying himself in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside. ③Buried in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside.zxx.k
6. judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决
Eg. Don't judge her work too subjectively.
评论她的作品不要过于主观。
A judge must give an objective opinion.
评判员必须发表公正的意见。
【归纳】
judgement n．判断；看法；判决
in one's judgement依某人判断；依某人看来
judge sb./sth.to be＋n./adj.判断……是……
as far as sb.can judge据某人判断
judge...by/from...根据……判断……
③judging from/by根据……判断(该短语为固定表达，不管它与句子主语是主动关系还是被动关系都只用这种形式，在形式上不与逻辑主语一致。)21·cn·jy·com
Eg. Judging by her accent，she must be a Southerner.
从她的口音判断，她准是南方人。
I see your judgement is not with me.
我明白你的看法和我的不一样。
【练习】用judge的适当形式填空
①His uncle used to be a ________.
②________by/from her letter，she is having a wonderful time.
③In my ________，he is right.
【答案】 ①judge ②Judging ③judgement
考点（二）重点短语
1.as if仿佛；好像
Eg. He walks as if he is drunk.
他走起路来好像他真的醉了。
It looks as if they're looking for something.
他们看起来好像在找什么东西。
【归纳】
as if＝as though
用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句，也可引导方式状语从句。
as if引导从句有时可用虚拟语气
从句表达的情况与过去事实相反时，从句谓语要用过去完成时。
从句表达的情况与现在事实相反时，从句谓语要用一般过去时。
但是如果从句表达的是客观事实，则从句谓语要用陈述语气。
as if也可与动词不定式连用，意为“似乎要做某事”。
Eg. I was so happy that I felt as if I could fly.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
我高兴极了，我觉得我好像能飞起来。
He acted as if nothing had happened.
他表现地就像什么都没发生似的。
She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。
He stood up as if to leave.他站起来似乎要离开。
【练习】
1.Don't handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.21*cnjy*com
A．is B．were
C．has been D．had been
【解析】 句意：“拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。”as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；又由Don't handle...可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用动词的过去式were，故B项正确。
【答案】 B
2.完成句子
①看起来好像要下雨。
It looks ________________it ________going to rain.
②那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。
The child talked to us ________________he ________a grownup.
【答案】 ①as if；is ②as if；were
2. at an end结束，终结
Eg. My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.
我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。
Everything between them was at an end.
他们间一切都结束了。
【归纳】
1.at the end of既可作时间状语也可作地点状语，表示“在……末，在……的尽头；在……的末梢”。
2.by the end of用作时间状语，表示“到……末为止；不迟于……”，强调最后时限，常和过去完成时态或将来完成时态连用。
3.in the end用作时间状语，表示“最后；终于”，不可与of连用。
4.come to an end“结束”，为动词短语。
Eg. There is a post office at the end of the street.
这条街走到头有一个邮局。
By the end of next year，they will have finished work on the new stadium.
到明年年底，他们将建成这个新体育馆。
In the end she decided on buying the green hat.
最后，她决定买那顶绿色帽子。
【练习】介词填空
Everything will be all right________the end.
We will have learned English for 5 years ________the end of this year.
My brother waited for me________the end of the street.
The war was ________an end.
【答案】 1.in 2.by 3.at 4.at
3. a (great) number of许多；大量的
Eg. A number of boys have been absent some time during the term.
这学期有许多男学生有时候缺课。
A number of students in our school enjoy listening to music.
我校许多学生喜欢听音乐。
【辨析】
a number of/the number of
a number of
意为“若干；许多”，接名词复数。用作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。number前可加large，small，great等词。
the number of
意为“……的数量”，其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式。
Eg. The number of pages in this book is two hundred.2-1-c-n-j-y
这本书的页数是二百。
【拓展】关于“许多”“若干”的短语：
a large/good/great number of
a good/great many ＋可数名词复数
a good few
quite few
many a
more than one ＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词
a great/good deal of
quite a little ＋不可数名词
a lot/lots of ＋可数名词复数或不可数名词
【练习】用be动词的适当形式填空
—A number of students ________(be) in the dining hall now.【版权所有：21教育】
—Yes.The number of the students ________(be) about 400.21教育名师原创作品
【答案】 are；is
4. One third of 三分之一
Eg. Threefifths of the students in our class are girls.21*cnjy*com
我们班五分之三的学生是女生。
Twothirds of the work has been finished.
三分之二的工作已完成。
【拓展】
分数＋of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应由of后面的名词决定。
类似的用法还有：some of，plenty of，a lot of，most of，the rest of，all of或百分数＋of＋n.等。
若of后面接population这一名词，且谓语为系表结构时，be动词的单复数应由表语来确定。
Eg. Ten percent of the population are minors here.
这儿有百分之十的人口是少数民族。
Three fifths of the fresh water used by citizens is from the reservoir.
市民们所用淡水的五分之三是来自这个水库。
【练习】用所给助动词的适当形式填空
①A lot of students ________(be) waiting outside.
②A lot of money________(have) been wasted.
③Two thirds of the globe ________(be) covered with water.
【答案】 ①are ②has ③is
考点（三）重点句型
What do_you_think will happen before an earthquake？
你认为地震前会发生什么？
考点：do you think在本句中为插入语，经常位于疑问词后，在这种情况下，原句为陈述语序。插入语放在句尾时，原句应保持原语序，即疑问词做主语或主语定语时，语序是正装的；疑问词做宾语等时，原句是倒装的。
Eg. Who do you think will be fit for the position?
你认为谁会适合这一职位？
What explanation do you suppose the teacher could give？
你认为老师会给我们什么样的解释？
How long did you say she would stay here？
＝How long would she stay here，did you say?
你说她将在这里呆多久？
【归纳】
I think，I hope，I'm afraid，I believe，you know等用作插入语时，用在陈述句中，前后通常用逗号分开，也有不用逗号的现象。
Eg. The diet，I think，will do good to your health.z*xxk
我想这种饮食对你的健康有好处。
【练习】完成句子
①你认为她多大了？
___________________________________________________she was?
②你猜是谁打坏了窗户？
___________________________________________________broke the window?21cnjy.com
③你认为我们应该做些什么来阻止此类行为？
What ________________do to stop such actions?
What ________to stop such actions，______________？
【答案】 ①How old did you think ②Who do you guess ③do you think we should；should we do；do you think
All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
考点：部分否定。不定代词all与否定副词not连用，表示部分否定。
Eg. Not everyone likes him.
并不是每个人都喜欢他。
All of us don't have such experiences.
并不是我们每个人都有这种经历。
【归纳】
除all之外，英语中的both，each，every，everybody，everything等具有总括意义的代词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。
英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way，not...either等表示否定意义的词(词组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
【练习】翻译句子
①并非每个人都诚实。
________________________________________________________________________
②答案都不对。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Not every man is honest./Every man is not honest.
②None of the answers is right.
3. The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.
那个人正在楼下睡觉，正在这时地震发生了。
考点：该句中when为并列连词，意为“就在这时、突然”，相当于and then/just at this time。
Eg. We were talking when the teacher came in.
老师进来时，我们正在说话。
We were having dinner when you phoned us.
你给我们打电话时，我们正在吃饭。
【归纳】
when的这种功能常用于以下结构：
...be doing...when正在……这时
...be about to do...when正打算做……这时
be just going to do...when正要……这时
had just done...when...刚做了……这时
be on the point of doing...when正要……这时
Eg. We were about to leave when he came in.
我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。
He was on the point of starting out when Harran cut in.
他正预备出发，就给哈伦打断了。
【练习】
1.Tom was about to close the window ________his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if C．and D．till
【解析】 句意：汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。在句式“...be about to do”当中应用when，表“这时，突然”，作为从属连词，引导状语从句。
【答案】 A
2.完成句子
①________________(我正在街上走着)，when I heard my name called.
②I was just about to go shopping ________________(这时天开始下雨)．
【答案】 ①I was walking alone the street ②when it began to rain
4.As you know，this is the day the quake happened...years ago.
如你所知，……年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
考点： as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this is the day...years ago整个句子。
Eg. The Diaoyu Islands belong to China，as is well known.
众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。
As you can see，we're still working.
如你所见，我们仍在工作。
She is late，as is often the case.
她迟到了，这是经常的事。
【归纳】
as作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
①as引导限制性定语从句时，通常用于the same...as...和such...as...句型中。在定语从句中as可用作主语、宾语和表语。2·1·c·n·j·y
②as 引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“正如”，后边的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。
Eg. I don't like such books as he recommends.
我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。
I want the same car as he drives every day.
我想有一辆他每天开的那样的轿车。
As is reported，they failed in sending up a satellite.
据报道，他们发射卫星失败。
【练习】
1.The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．it C．as D．what
【答案】 C
2. 完成句子
①正如所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
________________，he got the first place again in this midterm examination.
②众所周知，发光的并非全是金子。
All that glitters is not gold，________________.
【答案】 ①As is expected ②as is known
语法：限制性定语从句(that，which，who，whose)
一、定义及分类
定义
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分类
关系代词(who；whom；whose；which；that；as)
关系副词(when；where；why)
句中
作用
连接主从句
指代先行词
在从句中充当成分
分类
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
二、引导限制性定语从句的关系代词
指代对象
指代人
指代物
主语
who，that，as
which，that，as
宾语
whom，that
which，that
定语
whose
whose
Eg. The man who/that is talking with my father is a teacher.
正和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。
Guilin is a city which/that has a history of 2,000 years.
桂林是一座有2000年历史的城市。
The man (whom) you met just now is my father.
你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
【注意】
(1)关系代词that既可指人也可指物。有时可与关系代词which/who/whom互换，但是当which，whom放在介词的后面作宾语时，不能与that互换。21世纪教育网版权所有
(2)在从句中作宾语或表语时who与whom一般可互换，但是若紧跟在介词后面作宾语时只可用whom。whom在从句中不作主语。
(3)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。
(5)whose引导定语从句时，可与the＋n.＋of which/whom及of which/whom＋the＋n.互换。
(6)as引导定语从句，可构成the same...as，such...as结构。
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词以及先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.
这是我曾经见过的最大的船。
3．当先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。
This is the very book that I am looking for.
这正是我要找的那本书。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
5．当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now?
刚才和你握手的男孩是谁？
6．当先行词在从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不再是过去那个样子了。
【练习】
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．This is the very plan for the summer holiday________was suggested by his cousin.
A．which B．that C．when D．it
1．【答案】 B
2．I don't like stories ________have unhappy endings.
A．that B．they C．whose D．who
2.【答案】 A
【解析】 关系代词在从句中作主语，且指物，故用that。
3．Those ________want to see the film please write down your names here.
A．them B．what C．whose D．who
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 当代词those用作先行词且指人，并在从句中作主语时，关系代词通常使用who。
4．The visitors say that they'll never forget the days ________they have spent visiting Hainan Province.21·世纪*教育网
A．which B．when C．how D．where
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般来说，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。题中的动词spent后缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。
5．Do you know the man ________the little girl is turning to for help?
A．whose B．which C．what D．whom
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：你知道小女孩正在寻求帮助的那个人是谁吗？先行词为the man故排除B项；what不引导定语从句；关系词在此定语从句中作宾语，故选择D项。
6．The family ________members are all music lovers has moved to their new house.
A．whose B．which C．that D．what
6.【答案】 A
【解析】 句意：这一家人都喜欢音乐，他们已搬进了他们的新家。whose引导定语从句并且修饰名词members。21教育网
7．Jack is the most intelligent man________I've ever met.
A．that B．what
C．which D．where
7.【答案】 A
【解析】 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，定语从句用that引导。
8．I have the same magazine ________you bought just now.
A．which B．like C．that D．as
8.【答案】 D
Ⅱ.选词填空(who，whom，which，that，whose)
1．Do you still remember the chicken farm ________we visited three months ago?
2．Some countries ________names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.
3．Anyone ________failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
4．All ______we need is enough rest after long hours' work.zxx&k
5．We don't know the number of people ________lost their homes in the disaster.
6．Tom is the boy________mother is our maths teacher.
7．A dictionary is a book ________gives the meanings of words.
8．I bought the same dictionary ________you have yesterday.
【答案】 1.that/which 2.whose 3.who/that 4.that
5．who/that 6.whose 7.that/which 8.as
课件38张PPT。Unit4 Earthquakes考点（一）重点单词ruin n．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产Eg. 476 AD saw the ruin of Roman Empire.
公元四七六年罗马帝国灭亡。
My wife was ruining her health through worry.
忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。【归纳】
be/lie in ruins成为废墟 fall into ruin成为废墟 come to ruin毁灭，落空Eg. The city is now in ruins. 那个城市现在成了一片废墟。
The storm laid the village in ruins. 暴风雨使这个村子成了一片废墟。【辨析】ruin /destroy / damage
【练习】选词填空ruin，destroy，damage
①Her heart was slightly ________as a result of her long illness.
②His life was ________by drink.
③The earthquake almost ___________all the bridges in this area.damagedruineddestroyedinjure vt.损害，伤害Eg. Hundreds of people are injured when the train go off the rail.
火车出轨时，数百人受伤。
Often does games cause knee joint to injure?
经常运动会造成膝关节损伤吗？【归纳】
①injury n．伤，伤口，伤害
②injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的
the injured伤员 Eg. The company sent the injured back home by air.
公司用飞机将伤员运送回家。【辨析】 wound/injure/hurt/harm【练习】 选词填空：injure，wound，hurt，harm
①The soldier was ________in the arm in the war.
②She was ________slightly in an accident during the work.
③I was very much________at his words.
④This bright light will do great ________to your eyes.woundedinjuredhurtharmrise / raise / lift【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). She ________ her eyes from her work.
2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see.
3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet. raised Liftrise congratulate / celebrate 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I _________ you on your success.
2). We held a party to __________ our success.congratulatecelebratebury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心Eg. Whenever he is free，he will bury his nose in a book.
他一有空就埋头看书。
Dogs like to bury bones.
狗喜欢藏骨头。【归纳】
bury sth.in... 把……埋到……里，
be buried in / bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于Eg.The envelope was buried in some papers on my desk.
那只信封被我桌子上的一些文件盖住了。
She buried herself in her work.
她埋头于工作。【练习】一句多译
由于他埋头读书，所以他不知道外面下雨了。
→①(使用连词because)
→②(使用现在分词burying作状语)
→③(使用过去分词buried作状语)Because he buried himself in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside.
Because he was buried in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside. Burying himself in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside. Buried in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside.judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决Eg. Don't judge her work too subjectively.
评论她的作品不要过于主观。
A judge must give an objective opinion.
评判员必须发表公正的意见。【归纳】
judgement n．判断；看法；判决
in one's judgement依某人判断；依某人看来
② judge sb./sth.to be＋n./adj.判断……是……
as far as sb.can judge据某人判断
judge...by/from...根据……判断……
③judging from/by根据……判断该短语为固定表达，不管它与句子主语是主动关系还是被动关系都只用这种形式，在形式上不与逻辑主语一致。Eg. Judging by her accent，she must be a Southerner.
从她的口音判断，她准是南方人。
I see your judgement is not with me.
我明白你的看法和我的不一样。【练习】用judge的适当形式填空
①His uncle used to be a ________.
②________by/from her letter，she is having a wonderful time.
③In my ________，he is right.judgeJudgingjudgement考点（二）重点短语as if仿佛；好像Eg. I was so happy that I felt as if I could fly.
我高兴极了，我觉得我好像能飞起来。
He acted as if nothing had happened.
他表现地就像什么都没发生似的。
She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。
He stood up as if to leave.
他站起来似乎要离开。【练习】
1.Don't handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.
A．is B．were C．has been D．had beenB2.完成句子
①看起来好像要下雨。
It looks ________________it ________going to rain.
②那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。
The child talked to us ________________he ________a grown-up.as ifisas if wereat an end结束，终结Eg. My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.
我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。
Everything between them was at an end.
他们间一切都结束了。【归纳】
1.at the end of既可作时间状语也可作地点状语，表示“在……末，在……的尽头；在……的末梢”。
2.by the end of用作时间状语，表示“到……末为止；不迟于……”，强调最后时限，常和过去完成时态或将来完成时态连用。
3.in the end用作时间状语，表示“最后；终于”，不可与of连用。
4.come to an end“结束”，为动词短语。Eg. There is a post office at the end of the street.
这条街走到头有一个邮局。
By the end of next year，they will have finished work on the new stadium.
到明年年底，他们将建成这个新体育馆。
In the end she decided on buying the green hat.
最后，她决定买那顶绿色帽子。【练习】介词填空
Everything will be all right________the end.
We will have learned English for 5 years ________the end of this year.
My brother waited for me________the end of the street.
The war was ________an end.in by atata (great) number of 许多；大量的Eg. A number of boys have been absent some time during the term.
这学期有许多男学生有时候缺课。
A number of students in our school enjoy listening to music.
我校许多学生喜欢听音乐。a number of/the number ofEg. The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 这本书的页数是二百。关于“许多”“若干”的短语：a large/good/great number of
a good/great many ＋可数名词复数
a good few
quite fewmany a
more than onea great/good deal of
quite a little
a lot/lots of ＋ 可数名词复数或不可数名词【练习】用be动词的适当形式填空
—A number of students ________(be) in the dining hall now.
—Yes.The number of the students ________(be) about 400.＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词＋不可数名词areisOne third of 三分之一Eg. Three-fifths of the students in our class are girls.
我们班五分之三的学生是女生。
Two-thirds of the work has been finished.
三分之二的工作已完成。【拓展】
分数＋of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应由of后面的名词决定。
类似的用法还有：some of，plenty of，a lot of，most of，the rest of，all of或百分数＋of＋n.等。
若of后面接population这一名词，且谓语为系表结构时，be动词的单复数应由表语来确定。Eg. Ten percent of the population are minors here.
这儿有百分之十的人口是少数民族。
Three fifths of the fresh water used by citizens is from the reservoir.
市民们所用淡水的五分之三是来自这个水库。【练习】用所给助动词的适当形式填空
①A lot of students ________(be) waiting outside.
②A lot of money________(have) been wasted.
③Two thirds of the globe ________(be) covered with water.arehas is考点（三）重点句型What do you think will happen before an earthquake？
你认为地震前会发生什么？考点：do you think在本句中为插入语，经常位于疑问词后，在这种情况下，原句为陈述语序。插入语放在句尾时，原句应保持原语序，即疑问词做主语或主语定语时，语序是正装的；疑问词做宾语等时，原句是倒装的。Eg. Who do you think will be fit for the position?
你认为谁会适合这一职位？
What explanation do you suppose the teacher could give？
你认为老师会给我们什么样的解释？
How long did you say she would stay here？
＝How long would she stay here，did you say?
你说她将在这里呆多久？【归纳】
I think，I hope，I'm afraid，I believe，you know等用作插入语时，用在陈述句中，前后通常用逗号分开，也有不用逗号的现象。
Eg. The diet，I think，will do good to your health.
我想这种饮食对你的健康有好处。【练习】完成句子
①你认为她多大了？
__________________________________________she was?
②你猜是谁打坏了窗户？
________________________________________broke the window?
③你认为我们应该做些什么来阻止此类行为？
What ________________________do to stop such actions?
What ________________to stop such actions，_________________？How old did you thinkWho do you guessdo you think we shouldshould we do do you thinkAll hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。考点：部分否定。不定代词all与否定副词not连用，表示部分否定。Eg. Not everyone likes him. 并不是每个人都喜欢他。
All of us don't have such experiences.并不是我们每个人都有这种经历。【归纳】
除all之外，英语中的both，each，every，everybody，everything等具有总括意义的代词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。
英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way，not...either等表示否定意义的词(词组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。【练习】翻译句子
①并非每个人都诚实。
②答案都不对。Not every man is honest./Every man is not honest. None of the answers is right.The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.
那个人正在楼下睡觉，正在这时地震发生了。考点：该句中when为并列连词，意为“就在这时、突然”，相当于and then/just at this time。Eg. We were talking when the teacher came in. 老师进来时，我们正在说话。
We were having dinner when you phoned us.你给我们打电话时，我们正在吃饭。【归纳】
when的这种功能常用于以下结构：
...be doing...when正在……这时
...be about to do...when正打算做……这时
be just going to do...when正要……这时
had just done...when...刚做了……这时
be on the point of doing...when正要……这时Eg. We were about to leave when he came in.
我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。
He was on the point of starting out when Harran cut in.
他正预备出发，就给哈伦打断了。【练习】
1.Tom was about to close the window ______his attention was caught by a bird.
A．when B．if C．and D．till
2.完成句子
①________________(我正在街上走着)，when I heard my name called.
②I was just about to go shopping ________________(这时天开始下雨)． AI was walking alone the streetwhen it began to rainAs you know，this is the day the quake happened...years ago.
如你所知，……年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。考点： as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this is the day...years ago整个句子。Eg. The Diaoyu Islands belong to China，as is well known.
众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。
As you can see，we're still working. 如你所见，我们仍在工作。
She is late，as is often the case. 她迟到了，这是经常的事。【归纳】
as作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
①as引导限制性定语从句时，通常用于the same...as...和such...as...句型中。在定语从句中as可用作主语、宾语和表语。
②as 引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“正如”，后边的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。Eg. I don't like such books as he recommends. 我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。
I want the same car as he drives every day. 我想有一辆他每天开的那样的轿车。
As is reported，they failed in sending up a satellite.
据报道，他们发射卫星失败。
【练习】
1.The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．it C．as D．what2. 完成句子
①正如所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
________________，he got the first place again in this midterm examination.
②众所周知，发光的并非全是金子。
All that glitters is not gold，________________.CAs is expected as is known语法：限制性定语从句(that，which，who，whose)一、定义及分类二、引导限制性定语从句的关系代词Eg. The man who/that is talking with my father is a teacher.
正和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。
Guilin is a city which/that has a history of 2,000 years.
桂林是一座有2000年历史的城市。
The man (whom) you met just now is my father.
你刚刚遇到的人是我父亲。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。【注意】
(1)关系代词that既可指人也可指物。有时可与关系代词which/who/whom互换，但是当which，whom放在介词的后面作宾语时，不能与that互换。
(2)在从句中作宾语或表语时who与whom一般可互换，但是若紧跟在介词后面作宾语时只可用whom。whom在从句中不作主语。
(3)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。
(5)whose引导定语从句时，可与the＋n.＋of which/whom及of which/whom＋the＋n.互换。
(6)as引导定语从句，可构成the same...as，such...as结构。三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等
不定代词以及先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。2．先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.
这是我曾经见过的最大的船。3．当先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。
This is the very book that I am looking for.
这正是我要找的那本书。4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5．当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now?
刚才和你握手的男孩是谁？6．当先行词在从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海已不再是过去那个样子了。【练习】
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．This is the very plan for the summer holiday_______was suggested by his cousin.
A．which B．that C．when D．it
2．I don't like stories ________have unhappy endings.
A．that B．they C．whose D．who
3．Those ________want to see the film please write down your names here.
A．them B．what C．whose D．who
4．The visitors say that they'll never forget the days ________they have spent visiting Hainan Province.
A．which B．when C．how D．whereBADA5．Do you know the man ________the little girl is turning to for help?
A．whose B．which C．what D．whom
6．The family ______members are all music lovers has moved to their new house.
A．whose B．which C．that D．what
7．Jack is the most intelligent man________I've ever met.
A．that B．what C．which D．where
8．I have the same magazine ________you bought just now.
A．which B．like C．that D．as D AADⅡ.选词填空(who，whom，which，that，whose)
1．Do you still remember the chicken farm _____________we visited three
months ago?
2．Some countries ________names I had never heard of before were shown on
the map.
3．Anyone _____________failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his
reason.
4．All ______we need is enough rest after long hours' work.
5．We don't know the number of people ______lost their homes in the disaster.
6．Tom is the boy________mother is our maths teacher.
7．A dictionary is a book ________gives the meanings of words.
8．I bought the same dictionary ________you have yesterday.that/which whose who/that thatwho/thatwhose that/which as
