2011届高考英语易错难题考题分类及解析（十二）非谓语动词类

2011届高考英语易错难题考题分类及解析
（十二）
非谓语动词类
1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
【陷阱】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。
【分析】其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：
The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _________ work for young people.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided
2. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.
A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题：
Anyone _________ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.
A. finds B. found C. being found D. will find
答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。
比较下面两题，最佳答案是D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：
(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case _________.
A. argued B. to be argued C. to be arguing D. being argued
(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of
pages _________.
A. turned B. having turned C. to be turned D. being turned
3. Once your business becomes international, _________ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词 fly。但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。
4. Not only should you get used _________ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more
attention _________ your work well.
A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。
【分析】正确答案为B，因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事
object to doing sth反对做某事
stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
get down to doing sth 开始做某事
take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事
admit to doing 承认做了某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事
What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样
5. Both of my parents insisted _________ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.
A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying
【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。
【分析】答案应选C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：
He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
6. “Do you have anything more _________, sir ” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”
A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type
【陷阱】容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。
【分析】最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：
Are you going to Shanghai Do you have anything to take to your son 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？
I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。
7. She took her son, ran out of the house, _______him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.
A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put
【陷阱】容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。
【分析】正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A)：
I got out of the taxi, _________ the fare and dashed into the station.
A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. having paid
但是，下面一题稍有不同：
Hearing the news, he rushed out, _________ the book _________ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened
此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。
8. The boss insisted that every minute _________ made full use of _________ the work well.
A. be, to do B. was, doing C. be, doing D. was, to do
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下：
(1) 第一空填 be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。
(2) 第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of (尽量利用)，make the best of (尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：
(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ________the power station.
A. to build B. building C. build D. built
此题答案选 A，不是 B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：
…make use of every part of the materials to build the power station
由此可见，make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。
(2) Does the way you thought of _________ the water clean make any sense
A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having made
此题答案选B，不是A。句子主语是 the way，you thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。
9. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】答案选A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：
(1) that they would like to see _________ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。
(2) 由于 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系，故填过去分词 carried out。
请做以下类似试题：
(1) Who do you think you’d like _________ with you, a boy or a girl
A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go
在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：
I think I’d like to have a boy go with me.
句中的 go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词a boy 提问，便可得出：
Who do you think you’d like to have go with you
对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。
(2) Who did the boss _________ his car this time
A. make wash B. make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash
在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：
The boss made Jack wash his car this time.
假若对句中的名词Jack 提问，便可得出：
Who did the boss make wash his car this time
由此可知上面题答案为A。
(3) You can never imagine what great difficulty I had _________ your house all by myself.
A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding
此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth。
假考非谓语动词的设陷题
请看下面一道题：
_________ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed
思路分析：此题容易误选B或C，许多同学一看选项就想当然地认为，选现在分词表示时间或伴随，选不定式表目的。此题的关键是要注意句中的连词and，它表明整个句子是一个并列句，即 and 前后应各是一个独立的句子，而不应是一个非谓语形式的短语，所以此题的正确答案应选A，即 and 前是一个祈使句。比较以下两题：
(1) _________ the road round to the right, she found his house.
A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed
此题应选B，现在分词短语表时间。
(2) _________ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.
A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed
此题应选C，不定式短语表目的。
注意以下各题均应选A，均因为句中的并列连词 and（填空句为祈使句）：
(1) _________ the milk and set a good example to the other children.
A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinking
(2) _________ me, and don’t just stand there laughing.
A. Answer B. To answer C. Answering D. To be answering
(3) _________ me , and then try to copy what I do.
A. Watch B. Watching C. To watch D. Have watching
(4) _________ through this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Having looked
(5) _________ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. Leave B. Leaving C. If you leave D. When left
注：有时可能不用连词，而用破折号（答案均选B，填空句为祈使句）。如：
(1) _________ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn
(2) _________ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried
以下各题也应选A，是因为句中的从属连词 when, before, until 等（填空句为祈使句）：
(1) _________ left when you get to the end of the street.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept
(2) _________ you hand over your mouth when you cough.
A. Put B. Putting C. To put D. To be putting
(3) _________ him enough time to get home before you telephone.
A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given
(4)_________ until the lights have turned to green.
A. Wait B. To wait C. Waiting D. Having waited
(5) _________ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.
A. Join B. To join C. Joining D. Joined
以下各题也应选A，即填空句为祈使句：
(1) Don’t give me a long account, just _________ the plain facts.
A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. to be telling
(2) First _________ the rice by washing it, then _________ it in boiling water.
A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking
(3) Don’t sit there watching — _________ and help me!
A. come B. coming C. to come D. to be coming
(4) Don’t waste your money on silly things — _________ it.
A. save B. to save C. saving D. having saved
(5) To test eggs, _________ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting
但是，以下各题情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语(用不定式，即答案均为B)：
(1) _________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. Sleep B. To sleep C. Sleeping D. Having slept
(2) _________ the early bus, Mr Smith got up at six.
A. Catch B. To catch C. Catching D. Having caught
祈使句还是非谓语动词的设陷
请看下面这道题，是考查祈使句还是考查非谓语动词：
If they don’t understand it the first time, ________over it again until they do.
A. going B. to go C. gone D. go
【分析】此题正确答案选D，其余几项均有可能被误选。空格前 if 引导的是一个条件状语从句，而在空格处无论是填A、B或C，它都是一个非谓语动词短语，而不是一个句子，这样一来，整个句子没有主句，从而导致结构不完整。若选D，则 go over it again until they do 则是一个句子(祈使句)，在此用作主语。又如：
(1) If he likes to eat it, _________ him some more.
A. give B. giving C. given D. to give
(2) If anyone calls, _________ them I’m not at home.
A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell
(3) When your mother comes back, _________ her to come to school at once.
A. ask B. asking C. asked D. to ask
(4) While the baby is sleeping, _________ your work as soon as possible.
A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish
答案均选A，空格前分别为 if, when, while 引导的状语从句，空格处填动词原形，构成祈使句，用作句子主语。
一道高考英语设陷题的分析
请看：
Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _________ went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
这是一道上海高考英语题，答案选C，许多同学因不能正确分析句子结构，不知如何下笔。现分析如下：句中to see 后的基本结构是：the washing machine went wrong again.(洗衣机又出毛病了),其中(that)she had had repaired 套用的句型是“have + 名词或代词 + 过去分词”，即 have the washing machine
repaired；另外，从时间上看，“请人修洗衣机”应在“出故障”之前，故 have the washing machine repaired 用了过去完成时态，即用 had had the washing machine repaired；从修饰角度看，题目中she had had
repaired 为修饰名词 the washing machine 的定语从句（意为“她曾请人修理过的洗衣机”），引导该定语从句的关系代词为 that，因其用作宾语被省略，也正因为如此，题目中的 she had had repaired 的第二个had 后既不能用 the washing machine 或 it，这也就是为什么不能选B的原因。如果有的同学还明白，我们可以从反面来分析一下：假若选B，则有 (that) she had had it repaired，而它作为修饰 the washing
machine 的定语从句是有问题的，为什么有问题呢？那是因为 she had had it repaired 这个句子的结构（或成分）是完整的，它有主语、有谓语、有宾语，这样一来，引导这个定语从句的关系代词 that 就没有着落了,因为关系代词 that 要么作主语(不可省略)，要么作宾语(可以省略)，而 she had had it repaired 这个定语从句既不缺主语，也不缺宾语，所以错了。假若去掉其中的 it，即改选C，则对了，因为这样一来，that 可用作动词 repaired 的宾语。现在我们将此题改编一下，将其改为：
Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had _________ went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
答案应选哪个呢？选B还是C？仍然要选C，但是意思变了，即“她自己修理过的洗衣机又出故障了”，因为此时修饰 the washing machine 的定语从句变成了 she had repaired。不能选B，道理同上。请比较下面一题：
A computer does only what thinking people _________.
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
答案选A，选项中的 it 指的是 the computer，而不是指 the work 之类的。其中的 what 用作动词 do 的宾语。句意为“人们要计算机做什么，它就做什么”。