Unit 5 The power of nature 一轮复习学案第二课时
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| 名称 | Unit 5 The power of nature 一轮复习学案第二课时 |  | |
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Module 6 unit 5 第二课时
动词的ing形式
【基础过关】
动词的ing形式主要有两种：动名词和现在分词
1. V-ing作主语（动名词不是现在分词）。常被看作是单数不可数名词。V-ing作主语,有时用it 作形式主语,把V-ing置于句末. 这种用法在习惯句型中常用。.常用V-ing作主语的句型有:
It is /was a waste +v.---ing
It is /was no good /use +v.---ing
There is /was no sense in v.---ing (没道理)
There is /was no point in v.---ing (没意义)
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间
2. 作宾语（动名词不是现在分词）
某些动词后出现非限制性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式. 常见的此类动词有:advise , admit , appreciate, risk, forbid, pardon, quit, tolerate, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, feel like, object to, care for, complain of, get/be accustomed to, fail in 等,如:
They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。
3.v. ing 做定语
【点拨】动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。
walking stick 手杖 printing shop 印务馆 dining room饭厅
reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 washing machine洗衣机
a waiting room(= a room for waiting) 候车室
a walking stick( =a stick for walking)手杖
【点拨】现在分词做定语，说明所修饰名词进行的动作。
a waiting man (=a man who is waiting)正在等待的男人
a sleeping child (= a child who is sleeping ) 正在睡觉的孩子
4. v. ing 作表语
【点拨】动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换。
(1) Its full time job is laying eggs. 他的专职工作是产卵
(2) Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐
(3) Playing all kinds of music is our job. 演奏各种音乐是我们的工作。
【点拨】现在分词做表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，主语与表语位置不可互换。
(4) The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋。
(5) The task of this class is practising the idioms. 这节课的任务是练习这些短语。
(6) Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(7) My work is looking after the children. 我的工作是照看这些孩子。
5.v.－ing作宾语补足语的用法（现在分词）
v.－ing 形式主要用于以下两类动词后构成宾语补助语。
⑴表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice等。
I felt someone patting on the shoulder. 我感到有人拍了拍我 的肩膀。
⑵表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起，让你久等了。
6.v.-ing 作状语（现在分词）
（1）作时间状语
Walking along the street, I met Mary. (=While I was walking along the street, …)
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
（2）作原因状语
Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.
(=Because I was tired, …)
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。
（3）作条件状语
Turning to the left, you will find the school. (=If you turn the left, …)
If you work hard, you'll succeed.
=Working hard, you'll succeed.
（4）作让步状语
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to support the whole family.
Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.
=Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.
（5）作伴随状语
I stood there, waiting for her.
(=…, and waited for her.)
Following Mike, they started to climb.
The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。
【拓展延伸】
1. V-ing 形式的完成式
如果V-ing 表示的动作发生在句子谓语之前，则要用V-ing 的完成式，即是：
Having +P.P(过去分词)…, 主语+谓语
1) After she had finished her work, she went home.
Having finish her work, she went home.
2) As we have invited him here to speak, we’d better go to his lecture.
Having invited him here to speak, we’d better go to his lecture.
2. V-ing的复合结构
带有逻辑主语的V-ing称为V-ing的复合结构.当V-ing的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在V-ing之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了V-ing的复合结构..其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语, V-ing是逻辑上的谓语. V-ing复合结构在句中可作主语,宾语,表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句. 其复合结构可以为:物主代词(如:his ,my ), 名词所有格(如:Tom’s)+ V-ing ,人称代宾格(如:him, me), 名词普通格(如:Tom).
Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们
(=That she came to help encouraged all of us)
【典型例题】
1. The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and let her off.
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing
【答案】D本题考查动词非谓语形式在句中作宾补的用法。
【点拨】正确掌握并灵活运用非谓语形式是解此类题的关键，另外，解这一题目也要用还原法，即catch the girl stealing，若没有把catch the girl stealing 还原，也是很难找出本题的答案的，因此，解题时，不但要有扎实的基础知识，还要掌握解题技巧。本题旨在考查catch sb. doing sth.（发现某人做某事）这一短语，故先排除A、C两项，由于girl与catch之间是被动关系，因此需要用catch的过去分词形式作后置定语，stealing所作的只能是定语中的补足语，故本题最佳答案为D。
2. In the study, I found my son ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book.
A. sitting; fixing B. sit; fixed C. sitting; to be fixed D. seated; fixed
【答案】D 考查不定式与分词作宾补的区别以及短语fix one’s attention的用法。
【点拨】解答此题时，应特别留意不定式与分词作宾补的区别；第二应注意倘若逻辑宾语提前，则with+复合宾语中宾补应用过去分词表示被动。因为强调found的动作与sit同时进行，而省去to的不定式sit作宾补表示动作的完成，但sitting和seated皆可。第二空中，attention原为fix的逻辑宾语，所以应选fixed作宾语补足语。故此题正确答案为：D。
3. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _____the answers ready will be of great help.(2005 北京)
A To have had B Having had C Have D Having
【答案】D .考查非谓语动词用法。
【点拨】本题用动名词作主语,表示一般性的情况.注意,本题不可选B, 因为没有必要强调动作在某个时间之前完成
4.The discovery of new evidence led to ____
A the thief having caught B catch the thief
C the thief being caught D the thief to be caught
【答案】 C. 考查动名词用法。
【点拨】 动名词可以作介词的宾语.尤其要注意一些含介词to 的短语, 要与不定式分清,像 lead to /devote to /be used to /object to /look forward to 等。
5.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement
A The president will attend B The president to attend
C The president attended D The president’s attending
[解析]答案 D 动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语, 从而构成动名词的复合结构.动名词所带的逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词,宾格代词,名词所有格或普通格,如果逻辑主语是无生命物,则只用普通格(宾格).动名词的复合结构作主语时,通常使用名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词。
【实战演练】
1. _____ the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.
A. Won B. Winning
C. Having won D. Being won
2. ______ only book knowledge, you will not be able to work well.
A. Had B. Have C. Having D. To have
3. I saw a lot of children playing in the garden most of them _____ girls.
A. are B. being C. were D. having
4. The old man could not sleep at night, his wrongs _____ him no peace.
A. gave B. give C. being giving D. giving
5. The decision _____, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
A. made B. has been made
C. having being made D. being made
6. ____ in the queen for half an hour, I suddenly realized that I had left my wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Waiting
C. Having waited D. To have waited
7. “We can’t go out in this winter,” said Ted, ____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. having looked
8. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a police was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a police for help
9. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
10. “What on earth have you done ” mother said _____ to the broken vase on the ground.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
11. _____ by car, we visited many places.
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. To travel D. Having traveled
12. It is no use ______ with him, for he is too stubborn.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. argue
13. The_____ look on his face suggested he didn't understand what she said.
A. confusing B. surprising C. confused D. surprised
参考答案1-13 CCBDC CADCA BBC
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
Module 6 unit 5 第二课时
动词的ing形式
【基础过关】
动词的ing形式主要有两种：动名词和现在分词
1. V-ing作主语（动名词不是现在分词）。常被看作是单数不可数名词。V-ing作主语,有时用it 作形式主语,把V-ing置于句末. 这种用法在习惯句型中常用。.常用V-ing作主语的句型有:
It is /was a waste +v.---ing
It is /was no good /use +v.---ing
There is /was no sense in v.---ing (没道理)
There is /was no point in v.---ing (没意义)
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间
2. 作宾语（动名词不是现在分词）
某些动词后出现非限制性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式. 常见的此类动词有:advise , admit , appreciate, risk, forbid, pardon, quit, tolerate, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, feel like, object to, care for, complain of, get/be accustomed to, fail in 等,如:
They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。
3.v. ing 做定语
【点拨】动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。
walking stick 手杖 printing shop 印务馆 dining room饭厅
reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 washing machine洗衣机
a waiting room(= a room for waiting) 候车室
a walking stick( =a stick for walking)手杖
【点拨】现在分词做定语，说明所修饰名词进行的动作。
a waiting man (=a man who is waiting)正在等待的男人
a sleeping child (= a child who is sleeping ) 正在睡觉的孩子
4. v. ing 作表语
【点拨】动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换。
(1) Its full time job is laying eggs. 他的专职工作是产卵
(2) Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐
(3) Playing all kinds of music is our job. 演奏各种音乐是我们的工作。
【点拨】现在分词做表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，主语与表语位置不可互换。
(4) The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋。
(5) The task of this class is practising the idioms. 这节课的任务是练习这些短语。
(6) Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(7) My work is looking after the children. 我的工作是照看这些孩子。
5.v.－ing作宾语补足语的用法（现在分词）
v.－ing 形式主要用于以下两类动词后构成宾语补助语。
⑴表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice等。
I felt someone patting on the shoulder. 我感到有人拍了拍我 的肩膀。
⑵表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起，让你久等了。
6.v.-ing 作状语（现在分词）
（1）作时间状语
Walking along the street, I met Mary. (=While I was walking along the street, …)
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
（2）作原因状语
Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.
(=Because I was tired, …)
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。
（3）作条件状语
Turning to the left, you will find the school. (=If you turn the left, …)
If you work hard, you'll succeed.
=Working hard, you'll succeed.
（4）作让步状语
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to support the whole family.
Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.
=Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.
（5）作伴随状语
I stood there, waiting for her.
(=…, and waited for her.)
Following Mike, they started to climb.
The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。
【拓展延伸】
1. V-ing 形式的完成式
如果V-ing 表示的动作发生在句子谓语之前，则要用V-ing 的完成式，即是：
Having +P.P(过去分词)…, 主语+谓语
1) After she had finished her work, she went home.
Having finish her work, she went home.
2) As we have invited him here to speak, we’d better go to his lecture.
Having invited him here to speak, we’d better go to his lecture.
2. V-ing的复合结构
带有逻辑主语的V-ing称为V-ing的复合结构.当V-ing的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在V-ing之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了V-ing的复合结构..其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语, V-ing是逻辑上的谓语. V-ing复合结构在句中可作主语,宾语,表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句. 其复合结构可以为:物主代词(如:his ,my ), 名词所有格(如:Tom’s)+ V-ing ,人称代宾格(如:him, me), 名词普通格(如:Tom).
Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们
(=That she came to help encouraged all of us)
【典型例题】
1. The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and let her off.
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing
【答案】D本题考查动词非谓语形式在句中作宾补的用法。
【点拨】正确掌握并灵活运用非谓语形式是解此类题的关键，另外，解这一题目也要用还原法，即catch the girl stealing，若没有把catch the girl stealing 还原，也是很难找出本题的答案的，因此，解题时，不但要有扎实的基础知识，还要掌握解题技巧。本题旨在考查catch sb. doing sth.（发现某人做某事）这一短语，故先排除A、C两项，由于girl与catch之间是被动关系，因此需要用catch的过去分词形式作后置定语，stealing所作的只能是定语中的补足语，故本题最佳答案为D。
2. In the study, I found my son ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book.
A. sitting; fixing B. sit; fixed C. sitting; to be fixed D. seated; fixed
【答案】D 考查不定式与分词作宾补的区别以及短语fix one’s attention的用法。
【点拨】解答此题时，应特别留意不定式与分词作宾补的区别；第二应注意倘若逻辑宾语提前，则with+复合宾语中宾补应用过去分词表示被动。因为强调found的动作与sit同时进行，而省去to的不定式sit作宾补表示动作的完成，但sitting和seated皆可。第二空中，attention原为fix的逻辑宾语，所以应选fixed作宾语补足语。故此题正确答案为：D。
3. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _____the answers ready will be of great help.(2005 北京)
A To have had B Having had C Have D Having
【答案】D .考查非谓语动词用法。
【点拨】本题用动名词作主语,表示一般性的情况.注意,本题不可选B, 因为没有必要强调动作在某个时间之前完成
4.The discovery of new evidence led to ____
A the thief having caught B catch the thief
C the thief being caught D the thief to be caught
【答案】 C. 考查动名词用法。
【点拨】 动名词可以作介词的宾语.尤其要注意一些含介词to 的短语, 要与不定式分清,像 lead to /devote to /be used to /object to /look forward to 等。
5.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement
A The president will attend B The president to attend
C The president attended D The president’s attending
[解析]答案 D 动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语, 从而构成动名词的复合结构.动名词所带的逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词,宾格代词,名词所有格或普通格,如果逻辑主语是无生命物,则只用普通格(宾格).动名词的复合结构作主语时,通常使用名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词。
【实战演练】
1. _____ the championship, he was awarded a million dollars.
A. Won B. Winning
C. Having won D. Being won
2. ______ only book knowledge, you will not be able to work well.
A. Had B. Have C. Having D. To have
3. I saw a lot of children playing in the garden most of them _____ girls.
A. are B. being C. were D. having
4. The old man could not sleep at night, his wrongs _____ him no peace.
A. gave B. give C. being giving D. giving
5. The decision _____, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
A. made B. has been made
C. having being made D. being made
6. ____ in the queen for half an hour, I suddenly realized that I had left my wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Waiting
C. Having waited D. To have waited
7. “We can’t go out in this winter,” said Ted, ____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. having looked
8. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a police was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a police for help
9. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
10. “What on earth have you done ” mother said _____ to the broken vase on the ground.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
11. _____ by car, we visited many places.
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. To travel D. Having traveled
12. It is no use ______ with him, for he is too stubborn.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. argue
13. The_____ look on his face suggested he didn't understand what she said.
A. confusing B. surprising C. confused D. surprised
参考答案1-13 CCBDC CADCA BBC
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网