unit 2 wish you were here 词汇详解

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互动课堂疏导引导
一、词汇详解
1. astonishing ?adj. 令人惊讶的
【典型例句】
The astonishing news astonished everybody.
那个令人惊讶的消息让大家感到惊讶。
The magician performed some astonishing tricks.
魔术师表演了一些令人惊叹的戏法。
It was really astonishing to me. 这件事实在令我惊讶。
There is an astonishing number of applicant for the job.
申请这份工作的人数多得惊人。
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样对你说话，实在让人吃惊。
【相关链接】
astonish vt. 使（某人）吃惊　 to one's artonishment 令某人惊讶的是
astonished adj. 感到吃惊　 in astonishment 惊讶地
astonishment n. 惊讶
2. expect ?v. 期望；预料；预期
【典型例句】
I haven't heard from my mother for a long time, so I'm expecting her letter.
我好久没有收到妈妈的来信了，所以我在等她的信。
You'll be expected to work on Saturdays.
你们星期六要上班。
I expect to be back next Wednesday. 我估计下周三会回来。
I expect that he will send me an email rather than write to me.
我希望他给我发个邮件而不是给我写信。
【知识小结】
expect to do 估计，期望干某事
expect sb. to do 期望某人干某事
expect that-clause (从句)期望做某事
3. clothing ?n. 衣服；服装
【典型例句】
A coat is an article of clothing.
外衣是一件衣服。
Food here is cheaper than in Britain; clothing, on the other hand, is dearer.
这里的食品比英国便宜，服装则贵一些。
【相关链接】
clothing, clothes和cloth
(1）clothing是集合名词，无复数形式，意为“衣服”，除指一般内外衣裤外，还指身体各部位穿戴的鞋、袜、帽等。
You should give all this old clothing away.
你应该把这些旧衣服都扔掉。
(2）clothes指上衣、下衣、外衣、内衣等，只用复数形式，不用单数形式，但不能被数词修饰，可被some, few, many等词修饰。
She often wears beautiful clothes. 她经常穿着漂亮的衣服。
He had to buy a good many clothes. 他必须买许多衣服。
(3)cloth是做衣服等用的布料，不可数，但是作特殊用途的布时可数。
a piece of cloth一块布
Have you any cloths for polishing the furniture
你有擦家具的布吗？
4. including ?prep. 包括
【典型例句】
All of us, including me, have read the book Harry Potter written by JK Rowling.
我们中所有的人，包括我在内，都看过JK Rowling所写的书——《哈利·波特》。
We will have a picnic in the park tomorrow. All the teachers will be there including the headmaster.
我们明天会在公园进行野餐，所有的老师都会参加，包括我们的校长。
The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.
乐队演奏了许多歌曲，包括几首我喜爱的。
【相关链接】
include vt. 包括；包含
辨析：contain和include的异同
两者都表示“包括”，都不用于进行时态。include强调包括作为整体的一部分，contain常指大的东西里容纳比其小的东西或不定形的东西（如气体等）。即include侧重“范围”，contain侧重“内容”。
5. supply ①n. 供应；补给；必需品；②vt. 提供；供给；供应
【典型例句】
With the pipe broken, the water supply to the room failed.
因为水管破裂，这房间的供水中断了。
The school has ordered new office supplies from a company in Nanjing.
学校向南京一家公司订购了新的办公用品。
Cows supply us with milk.
奶牛供给我们牛奶。
The company has kept trying to supply the market with new commodities.
这家公司一直努力为市场提供新产品。
The factory supplies tools to/for its workers.
工厂向工人们提供工具。
【知识小结】
supply sth. to. sb. （supply sb. with sth.）供给某人某物
【相关链接】
同义词组provide sth. for sb. （provide sb. with sth.）向某人提供某物
6. scare ①vt. 使……惊吓；②vi. 受惊吓
【典型例句】
The terrible noise scared her half to death. 恐怖的声音把她吓得半死。
The small animals were scared like anything when they saw a tiger walking towards them.
当看到一只老虎向它们走来时，这些小动物吓得无所适从。
The little girl scares easily. 那个小女孩容易受惊吓。
I was scared of the big dog. 我害怕这条大狗。
【知识小结】
be scared of sth. (=be afraid of sth. )害怕
be scared to do sth. (=be afraid to do sth. )不敢做
scare. . . away/off 把……吓跑
7. form ①v. 形成，组成；建立；养成；②n. 形式；外形；表格
【典型例句】
A sentence is formed by putting words together in a proper order.
将单词以正确的顺序排列在一起就形成了一个句子。
But just how do people get to form a band
但是人们是怎么组成乐队的呢？
They formed (=set up) a trade union to organize all the workers.
为了把所有工人组织起来，他们建立了工会。
He has formed the habit of taking notes in class.
他已经养成了在课堂上记笔记的习惯。
This verb has two past forms. 这个动词有两种过去式形式。
Please fill in the form if you want to join our club.
如果您要加入我们俱乐部，请填写这张表格。
【知识小结】
form into组成……；编成…… form up 列队
form a habit of养成……的习惯 form a plan拟计划
8. tiring adj. ?让人疲劳的，累人的
【典型例句】
Reading by moonlight is tiring to the eyes. 月光下看书会引起眼疲劳。
It has been a tiring long walk. 这次长途跋涉可真累人。
It's tiring and mindless work. 那是件累人但不用动脑筋的工作。
It was very tiring work. 这是很累人的工作。
It has been a tiring journey. 这是一次累人的旅行。
【相关链接】
tired ?adj. ? 感到疲劳的
be tired of 对……感到厌倦
be tired with/form因……而感到身体疲劳
9. sick adj. 感到恶心的；患病的
【典型例句】
The baby was sick twice in the car. 这个婴儿在汽车里呕吐了两次。
He is sick, I believe. 我确信他生病了。
【相关链接】
be sick of sb. /sth. /doing sth. 厌倦某人/某事
fall sick 生病　sick and tired筋疲力尽的
ill与sick的辨析：ill作生病时，只能用作表语，ill另有“恶劣的；坏的”之意，但无“感到恶心的要呕吐之意”而sick既可用作表语，又可用作定语。
10. bite v. 咬；咬伤；叮；刺
【典型例句】
Does your dog bite 你的狗会咬人吗？
The boy bit into the apple. 那个男孩咬了一口苹果。
【相关链接】
bite和sting
蚊子咬用bite　　Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
蜜蜂叮用sting　　The bee stung her leg. 蜜蜂刺痛了她的腿。
11. envy v. & n. 羡慕；妒忌；嫉妒
【典型例句】
Everybody in our class will envy you if you get the pop star's signature.
你要是得到那个流行歌星的签名，我们班上所有人都会羡慕你的。
The girls all envy my red dress.
这些女孩都羡慕我这条红色连衣裙。
They looked at him with envy. 他们羡慕地看着他。
He was filled with envy of me at my success.
他对我的成功妒忌（羡慕）极了。
She did that out of envy. 她是出自妒忌而那样做的。
【知识小结】
the envy of sb. 令人忌妒或羡慕的事物
out of envy 出于妒忌
12. interview vt. & n. 采访；访问；接见；会见；对……进行面谈（面试）
【典型例句】
The reporters interviewed the athlete who had just broken the world record.
记者们采访了刚刚打破世界纪录的那位运动员。
The girl will be interviewed for a part in the film.
他们要考核出演电影角色的那位女孩。
He formally interviewed the President. 他正式拜见了总统。
The ambassador refused to give any interviews to journalists or TV men.
该大使拒绝会见任何新闻记者或电视台记者。
I thank you very much indeed for this interview. 非常感谢你的这次接见。
【相关链接】
interviewer ?n. 采访者; 主持面视的
interviewee ?n. 被采访者
13. except ?prep. , conj. & v. 除去
【典型例句】
Everybody except Peter went to visit the new school.
除了彼得每个人都去参观那个新学校了。
I go to school by bike every day except when it rains.
除了下雨天我每天都骑自行车上学。
We know nothing about our spoken English teacher except that he is an Englishman.
除了知道我们的口语老师是英国人，我们对他一无所知。
【相关链接】
except，besides和except for
except是指除去同类别事物中的一项，指“从整体里减去一部分”，不包括宾语在内。后接名词、代词、副词、介词及that, when, where 引导的从句。
You will be punished, I can except no one.
你们都得受到惩罚，我不会放过任何一个人。
His report is correct except that some details are omitted.
除了有些细节未提到之外，他的报道是正确的。
besides表示“除……外，另外还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，包括宾语在内。
I have two other books besides this. 除这本以外，我还有两本别的书。
except for 其后多接名词，除去整体中美中不足的部分或除去不同类别或性质不同的事情。
I like your room very much except for the wall-paper.
除了墙纸之外，我很喜欢你的房间。
14. reach v. 延伸；达到
【典型例句】
He wears a coat reaching to his knee. 他穿着一件长达膝部的上衣。
The summer vacation reaches into September. 暑假一直放到9月份。
【相关链接】
reach, achieve的辨析
reach用于指达到发展过程的某个阶段或某个目的等
The ladder won't reach the window. 梯子够不到窗户。
achieve着重指在达到一定目的的过程中包含了许多技能、耐心和努力
The university has achieved all its goals this year.
这个大学今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。
词组：beyond one's reach 力所不能及 out of one's reach 手不能及
within one's reach 伸手可及 reach for 伸手去抓
reach out伸出援助之手
15. claim vt. 声称；宣称；要求
【典型例句】
He claimed that he hadn't done it, but I didn't believe him.
他声称没有做这件事，可是我不相信他。
The discoveres claimed the island for the nation.
发现者宣称该岛属于这个国家。
The injured worker claimed a large amount of money against the firm.
受伤工人向公司索赔一大笔钱。
She claimed $500 from him for injuries suffered.
她向他索取500美元伤害赔偿费。
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident
你的车子出事之后，要求领保险金了吗？
16. turn off 关上
【典型例句】
The tap won't turn off. 水龙头关不上。
I think you should turn off the television and do your homework.
我认为你应该关掉电视去做你的家庭作业。
Would you object if I turn off the radio
如果我关上收音机，你反对吗？
Will you please turn off the light when you leave 你离开时请关灯好吗？
【相关链接】
turn back 折回；往回走 turn to 翻到；求助于；查阅
turn over 打翻；翻身 turn out 结果（是）；证明是；关上
turn down 调低；拒绝 turn up 开大；调高；出现；露面
turn round 转身 turn on 打开
17. give up 放弃
【典型例句】
The suspects gave themselves up. 这些嫌疑犯投降了。
I advised my father to give up smoking, but he didn't listen to me.
我建议我的父亲戒烟，但是他不听我的。
【相关链接】
give away泄露；揭发 give out分发；发出(热、光等)
give off放出；散发出（气味、热、光等） give in递交；呈送；屈服
give back归还 give over 住手；致力于
18. at dawn 拂晓时
【典型例句】
Three at dawn and four at dusk. 朝三暮四。
【相关链接】
at daybreak在黎明时 at sunset在日落时
at midday在晌午 at sunrise在日出时
at dusk在黄昏时 at midnight在午夜
19. in silence 安静地；不出声地
【典型例句】
They worked in silence. 他们默不作声地工作。
He smoked a pipe in silence. 他默默地抽着烟斗。
They finished their meal in total silence. 他们默不作声地吃完饭。
【相关链接】
in surprise惊讶地 in joy快活地；高兴地
in excitement激动地；兴奋地 keep silence保持沉默
in astonishment惊讶地 in sorrow悲伤地；难过地
break silence打破沉默
20. in case 万一
【典型例句】
Keep the window closed in case it rains. 把窗户关好以防下雨。
It may rain; you'd better take an umbrella in case.
可能要下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。
I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some in case.
我虽然不需要钱，但是以防万一还是带了一些。
【知识小结】in case既可以用作连词引导条件状语从句，也可以用作介词短语放在句末。
【相关链接】
in any case无论如何　　in case of如果发生　　in no case决不
21. upside down 颠倒；上下翻转过来
【典型例句】
The map is hung upside down on the wall. 那幅地图倒挂在墙上。
They found the lifeboat floating upside down.
他们发现那救生艇倾覆着漂浮在水面上。
They want to turn society upside down. 他们想要彻底改变社会。
Everything was turned upside down. 事情都乱了套。
He turned the table upside down. 他把桌子弄翻了。
22. up close 靠近地；近距离地；逼近地
【典型例句】
She was even more beautiful up close than she had been from a distance.
她近看比先前从远处看还要美。
The students want to see American classical music up close.
这些学生想现场亲身体验美国古典音乐。
23. look forward to 盼望；期待；预期
【典型例句】
I will be looking forward to your reply. 我将期盼你的答复。
We look forward to your urgent reply. 希望尽快回复。
We look forward to meeting you. 我们盼望见到您。
We look forward to your favourable reply. 静候佳音。
All of us are looking forward to meeting you again this summer.
我们大家都盼望今年夏天再与你们相会。
【知识小结】其中to是介词而不是动词不定式符号，故后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，切不可跟动词原形。
【相关链接】
look after目送；照顾；关心　　look into浏览；观察
look down on轻视；看不起 look back回顾；倒退
look at看；考虑；着眼于 look out留神；照料
活学巧用
1. 单项选择
1)He looked at me in _______.
A. astonishing B. astonishment
C. astonished D. astonish
提示：in为介词，后面应跟名词，in astonishment相当于in surprise，在句中作状语，句意为“他很惊讶地看着我”。
答案：B
2)Our industry is developing at an _______ speed.
A. astonishment　B. astonished
C. astonishing　D. astonish
提示：句意：我们的工业发展速度惊人。由“at anspeed”,因此选C。
答案：C
2. （经典回放）—Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls
—Yes. They have better players, so I _______ them to win.
A. hope　 B. prefer
C. expect　 D. want
提示：A项错误，没有hope sb. to do sth. 这一结构，B项prefer sb. to do “宁愿某人干某事”，want sb. to do “想要某人干某事”。本题应选expect sb. to do sth. “预料某人……”。
答案：C
3. 1）用clothing, clothes或cloth填空
（1）The _______ shop is just around the corner.
提示：句意为“那个服装店就在拐角处”。
答案：clothing
(2)Today she wears beautiful _______.
提示：句意为“今天她穿着很漂亮的衣服”。
答案：clothes
（3）This piece of _______ is long enough for you to make a short.
答案：cloth
2)单项选择
They only sold _______ yesterday.
A. five clothes
B. five pieces of clothes
C. five clothing
D. five suits of clothes
答案：D
4. 单项选择
The book _______ forty maps, _______ three of Great Britain.
A. contain; includes
B. is containing; including
C. includes; contains
D. contains; including
提示：forty maps是the book的内容，故用contain; three of Great Britain是指forty maps的一部分，故用includes。而在本题中contain为谓语动词，including为介词，在句中引导状语。
答案：D
5. 1)These who became homeless in the flood _______ blankets against cold.
A. were supplied for
B. supplied for
C. were supplied with
D. supplied with
提示：根据题意，应用被动语态；supply sb. with sth. “供给某人某物”。句意为“在洪灾中无家可归的人都被给予了毯子来御寒”。
答案：C
2)The company _______ its customers _______ good services.
A. supplies; with
B. supplies; to
C. suppy; with
D. suppy; to
答案：A
6. 翻译句子
1）He set a fire to scare off the wolves.
___________________________________
提示：scare sb. into/out of(doing)sth. 吓得某人做/不敢做某事。
答案：他点起火把狼吓跑。
2)They scared him into handing over the keys.
___________________________________
答案：他们把他吓得交出钥匙。
7. 1）完成句子（用form的有关搭配）
（1）His research _______ (形成……的基础)of his new book.
提示：句意为“他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础。”
答案：formed the basis
(2)Volunteers _______ (把……按一定顺序排列)three groups.
提示：句意为“志愿者们被分成三个小组。”
答案：were formed into
2）单项选择
Ice, snow and steam are different _______ of water.
A. shapes B. forms
C. matter D. characters
答案：B
8. 单项选择
Mr. Smith, _______ of the _______ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
提示：be tired of 意为“对……厌倦”，常指人在精神方面的厌烦；boring意为“令人厌烦的”，句意为“史密斯先生厌烦了无聊的讲话，开始读起小说来”。
答案：A
9. 用ill, sick完成句子
1)If you eat all these sweets, you'll make yourself_______ (恶心)in the stomach.
答案: sick
2)She is an_______ (坏的)woman and has no single friend in company.
答案: ill
10. 翻译
1)Somebody's bark is worse than his bite.
___________________________________
答案：刀子嘴豆腐心
2)He's taken up stamp-collecting;
He seems really bitten by it.
___________________________________
答案：他已经着手集邮，好像真入迷了。
11. 单项选择
How I _______ him the pleasures he had during the vacation!
A. envy
B. admire
C. appreciate
D. enjoy
提示: envy sb. sth. “妒忌某人某物”而B、C、D三项都不能加双宾语。admire “羡慕”，appreciate “鉴赏；欣赏”；“感激”，enjoy “欣赏”。句意为“假期他玩得那么愉快真令人羡慕不已”。
答案：A
12. 英汉互译
1）为了这份工作我们面试了20人。
__________________________________________
答案：We interviewed 20 people for the job.
2）I've got an interview with National Chemicals.
__________________________________________
答案：我已获得全国化学制品公司的邀约面试。
13. 1)(经典回放) I know nothing about the young lady _______ she is from Beijing.
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D. besides
提示：句意为“除了她是来自北京之外，我对这位年轻女子一无所知。”
其中A、B、D这三项都不能直接跟句子，except后可跟that或when等引导的从句，这些引导词不能省略。
答案：C
2）I don't mind picking up your things from the store. , the walk will do me good.
A. Sooner or later
B. Still
C. In time
D. Besides
提示：句意为“我不介意从商店给你捎东西，再说走路对身体也好。”而A项“迟早”，B项“仍，还”,C项“及时，迟早”。
答案：D
14. 单项选择
(2010湖北高考，21) Don't leave matcher or agarettes on the table within _______ of the children.
A. hand
B. reach
C. space
D. distance
提示：within reach of sb. 相当于within sb. 's reach意为“在某人手能及之处”。
句意：“不要将火柴或香烟放在能让孩子够得着的桌子上。”
答案：B
15. 翻译句子
1）货物有损坏，可以要求退钱。
__________________________________________
答案：You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.
2）战斗结束后，双方均宣称获胜。
__________________________________________
答案：After the battle both sides claimed victory.
16. 单项选择
—Could you _______ the radio a little
because the baby is sleeping in the next room.
A. turn off
B. turn down
C. turn up
D. turn at
提示：句意为“—你能将收音机音量再小点吗？—孩子在隔壁房间睡觉。”从“a little”可知，应是将收音机音量调小点。故选B。
答案：B
17. 单项选择
Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _______ the shocking ending.
A. give away　B. give out
C. give up　D. give off
提示：句意为“别在故事的开头就提及此事，否则会泄露令人怵同惊心的结局的。”
答案：A
18. 翻译句子
1）我们必须天亮起程。
_________________________________________________
答案：We must start at dawn.
2）他从天亮作到天黑。
_________________________________________________
答案：He works from dawn till dusk.
19. （用silence）完成句子
1)The whole ceremony took, place (完全寂静).
答案：in complete silence. 句意为“举行仪式的全过程寂静无声”。
2) _____________________.（沉默是金，是上策）
答案：Silence is golden.
20. 单项选择
(2010全国高考，9) I always take something to read when I go to the doctor's _______ I have to wait.
A. in case　B. so that
C. as if D. even if
提示：句意为“当我去诊所时，我总带着东西读，以备候诊”。in case“以防；以备”，so that“结果”，as if“好像”，even if“即使”。
答案：A
21. 完成句子
The man sitting next to me was pretending to read, with the book _______. (颠倒着)
提示：句意为“坐我旁边的那个男的假装在读书，而书却拿倒了”。
答案：upside down
22. 翻译句子
你所有的同学都羡慕你——因为你将可以近距离看到那些足球明星。
_________________________________________________
答案：All your classmates envy you—you'll see the football stars up close.
23. 单项选择
The boys are enjoying their summer holidays so much that they are already _______ spending the winter holidays together.
A. expecting
B. looking forward to
C. wishing
D. looking back upon
提示：句意为“这些男孩子们暑假玩得很愉快，因此他们也盼望着寒假也能在一起玩。”expect to do“期望做某事”，wish to do sth. “希望做某事”，look back upon “回首……；回顾……”
答案：B
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