英语高中考点精析精练：第9讲 复合句

第九讲 复合句
典型例题
复合句是英语语言中重要的句子结构之一，高考将继续重视对复合句的考查，试题的立意将注重对形容词性从句和名词性从句中相关基础知识的考查。1994--20典型例题卷单项填空中，年年为考点。近年多类地方高考试题中，定语从句也成为考查的热点。由此可以断言，在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。定语从句常被考查的知识有：(1)九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限定性定语从句；(2)由七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句；(3)对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。
考查往往是通过关系副词或关系代词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。
高考考题中复合句出现的频率从高到低依次是：定语从句(其中限制性定语从句为主)、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。试题既注重引导词之间的语法功能的差异，又注重语义的差异，题干句的情景及结构都越来越复杂。
应试同分瓶颈
1．定语从句和名词性从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关。从某种意义上来说，这些从句的学习是整个英语学习过程中的一个瓶颈。能否突破这个瓶颈是能否继续深入学习、研究的关键。
2．从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语意特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思维能力。如果不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。因此，笔者建议，在平日的阅读过程中，碰到从句的时候，要停下来，想一想它的功能和意义。
3．加强对非限制性定语从句和名词性关系从句的学习。平日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的从句分门别类、整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。
4．解题思路：①通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；②题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；③观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；④确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍；⑤注意标点符号和并列连词(and，but)的作用；⑥将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。
高考对复合句的考查也是将其放在一起综合考查，这就要求考生首先弄清楚从句类型，以便有的放矢，从容应对。◎命题点1 定语从句
◎命题点2 名词性从句
◎命题点3 状语从句
命题点l 定语从句
本类考题解答锦囊
定语从句的知识需要记忆以下重点：
1．关系代词使用that而不用which的情况；
2．as在非限制性定语从句中和which的区别；
3．as在such．．．as．．．和the same．．．as．．．句型中作为定语从句时，与such+句词，the same+句词结构；
4．介词+which whom的用法；
5．定语从句中的主谓一致：如果关系代词在从句中作主语，动词与先行词一致(区分one of+复数名词和the only one of+复数名词)；
6．定语从句与if引导的强调句的区别：强调句去掉it,be和that后能形成一个完整的句子。
对于定语从句应该注意引导词的正确使用，尤其是关系代词和关系副词的区别上(在于句予成分)，各自的使用上(找准先行词)，定语从句和同位语从句的区别上(看从句是解释还是限制)，关系代词和人称代词的区别上以及it和which的区别上，强调句型和定语从句的区别上(看句式结构)。
定语从句的解题技巧：
1．首先确定先行词；
2．确定先行词在从句中所充当的成分；
3．确定关系代词或关系副词。
命题点2 名词性从句
本类考题解答锦囊
名词性从句的考查重点在于引导词的辨析，尤其是what和that，it和whether。另外it的形式主语和形式宾语的用法也常考查到。同位语从句和定语从句的区别也应该引起重视。
名词性从句需记忆的知识重点:
1．that在名词性从句中不充当成分也没有含义。在主语从句和同位语从句中不可省略。
2．whether和it用法的区别。
3．it作形式主语的常见句型：用“作形式主语的结构：
①it is+名词+从句
It is a fact that．．．事实是……
It is an honor that．．．非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that．．．……是常识
②it is+形容词+从句
It is natural that．．．很自然……
It is strange that．．．奇怪的是……
③it+不及物动词+从句
It seems that．．．似乎……
It happened that．．．碰巧……
④it+be+过去分词+从句
It is reported that．．．据报道……
It has been proved that．．．已证实……
4．若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
解答名词性从句的技巧：
1．分析句子含义，选择合适的连接词；
2．分清从句成分是否完整，考虑that和if whether；
3．正确理解what，where，when，why引导的表语从句的含义：
what……的东西 where……的地方
why……的原因 when……的时候
命题点3 状语从句
本类考题解答锦囊
状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一，未来的高考也不会例外。考查的重点仍然是考生容易混淆近似连词的用法，试题的结构将越来越复杂，设问的角度将越来越多样化。
1.统计近五年的状语从句测试题可以看出：时间状语从句涉及得最多，接下来依次为让步状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和目的状语从句。
2．试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点。四个选项中往往给出尽可能多的不同性质的连词，如：as可引导时间、原因、让步三种不同性质的从句；while引导时间状语从句；because和if分别引导原因和条件状语从句。这些因素要求考生具备细致缜密的思维能力，能够多层次多角度地考虑问题。
3．状语从句的省略一般省略主语和be，保留分词或形容词，并且注意和主句的主语一致。
4．状语从句在解题的时候首先要找出主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，然后判断选择正确的连接词。
Ⅰ高考最新热门题
1.(典型例题)George Orwell_______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查定语从句。
【解 析】 根据句子结构及意思可知:中间部分是对前面的名词进行补充、说明，因此是非限制性定语从句。故答案选D项。
【答 案】 D
2.(典型例题)_______is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
答案：B 指导：根据句子结构可知此题是主、从复合句；再根据两个句子间的逗号可知，前面的句子应该是定语从句而不是主句，故排除A、C、D从而确定答案选B.
3.( 典型例题季卷) A fast food restaurant is the place_______,just the name suggests, eating is preformed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
答案：B 指导：在本题中，just thename suggests是一个插入语，去掉它，重新组合本句：A fast food restaurant is the place where eating is perrorrned quickly．其中eating是动名词，在从句中作主语，句子结构完整，因此答案只能选B，作状语。
4.(典型例题)I think Father would like to know _________
I've been up to so far , so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
答案：C 指导：考查宾语从句。首先看宾语从句，up to后缺少宾语，因此排除选项B、D；选项A表示在某范围内的选择，而句子中不存在选择的意思，故答案选C
5.(典型例题卷)The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at_______ I thought was a dangerous
speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
答案：C 指导：去掉插入语I thought后，从句缺少主语，所以排除A、D；选项B表示所选择的范围，与语境不符，因此答案选C what＝先行词十关系词，在引what＝a speed which．
Ⅱ 题点经典类型题
1. (典型例题)What surprised me was not what he said but______he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
命题目的与解题技巧：该题考查way后面的定语从句。
【解 析】 根据but所并列的成分，排除选项B、C，因为介词短语不能说明使“我”吃惊的事情；再根据theway后面从句的结构，主、谓、宾齐全，那么，theway只能作状语，因此，theway与从句之间的引导词应该是how或inwhich，但它们都可省略。由此可知答案选A
【答 案】 A
2.(典型例题)The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time
was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which
C. from which D. for which
答案：A 指导：本题意为：这位老水手的这次环球旅行历时9个月时，其中有226天是航行时间。故A为正确答案。Of which＝and of the nine months．
3.(典型例题)Not far from the club, there was a garden, _______owner seated in the garden, playing chess with some friends.
A. whose B. its C. his D. which
答案：A 指导：seated是动词的过去分词。whose owner seated in the garden实际上并不是一个句子，而是一个独立主格结构，作伴随状语。
4.(典型例题中) _______Tom was worried seemed obvious to everyone present at the meeting.
A. What R Which C. That D. How
答案：C 指导：Tom was worried(主语)seemed(系动词)obvious(表语)toeveryonepresent9t themeeting(状语)．由此可见能引导名词性从句的，又不在句中充当任何句子成分的只有C项。如果选择A. what，题干中worried后应有about．
5.(典型例题卷)Simon thought his computer was broken his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
答案：A 指导：先将句干做断句分析，主句意为：Simon认为他的电脑坏了。从句意为：他的小弟指出他忘了打开它。分析主从句的关系可知，选项Cafter(在……后)、Dbecause(因为)应该首先排除，选项A为thought持续的时间，Bunless
(if not)为条件。故选A
Ⅲ 新高考命题探究
1 Roses need special care_______ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
答案：B 指导：句意，玫瑰需要特殊的呵护，这样它们才能度过寒 冬。so that引导目的状语从句。其他三项表示的逻辑关系 显然有悖常理。用because和as这样来描述原因才符合逻辑：Rose need special care in winter because／aS they can't live throngh without any care．玫瑰在冬天需要呵护，因为如果不加呵护它们就过不了寒冬。Even as即使，由它连接起来的题干句有悖于一般的认识。
2. They are teachers and don't realize_______to start and run a company.
A. what it takes B. what takes it
C. what they take D. what takes them
答案：A 指导：what引导的是宾语从句，it为形式主语，指to start and ron a company．
3.In order to encourage the students to study hard, the school decides to give the scholarship to____wins
the first in the exam.
A. who B. whom C. whomever D. whoever
4.On stepping into his room he was astonished to find the floor covered with_______ looked like tiny insects.
A. that B. something C. wlaat D. anything
答案：C 指导：what引导的从句作介词with的宾语，同时在从句 中作主语，相当于thethingswhich．
5.Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
答案：D 指导：whoever在从句中作主语，相当于anyonewho，此题易误选C。好像可以用whomever作to的宾语，事实上，引导词的使用主要取决于它在从句中的语法作用。如：I'd like to give this rose to whomever I met on Feb．14．whomever作met的宾语。
6. modeling business is by no means easy to get_______into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
答案：B 指导：本题考查从属连词的用法。while在……期间，尽 管；since既然，自从……以来；as因为，当……时候；if如果，是否。题意：鉴于进入模特行业绝非易事，优秀的模特需求 量总是很大。选项A、D不可能，而句子前后又没有直接的因果关系，选项B比C更妥当。
探究性命题综合测试
考场热身
1. This is Mr Smith, _______I think has something interesting to tell you.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
答案：A 指导：who引导非限制定语从句，作从句的主语。I think为插入语。
2. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday,_______made me very happy.
A. what B. that C. who D. which
答案：D 指导：which引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替前面整个句子。
3. I shall never forget those years I_______ lived the country with the farmers, _______has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who
答案：B 指导：第一填when，when引导一个定语从句，修饰前面的those years在从句中作状语(＝inwhich)；第二个空用which，which在此处指代前面整个句子并在从句中作主语。 句意为：我永远都不会忘记在乡下和农民一起度过的那些岁月。这里指“度过岁月”这件事对我一生影响极大。
4. In the office I never seem to have time until 5 .. 30p. m.,_______many people have gone home.
A. whose time B. that
C. on which D. by which time
答案：D 指导：句意为：“到下午5：30之后，人们都回家了，我才有时间办么。D项"by．．．”，强调“到…时”，which指代先行词5:30p．m.符合题意。
5. It was twelve o'clock_______they finished the work.
A. since B. which C. that D. when
答案：D 指导：此题易受强调句型思维定势影响而选C将其还原，则变成They finished the work twelve o'clock．显然twelveo'clock前省了介词at．因此可判定该题后面部分为定语从句，关系副词when在从句中作状语，it指代时间，不属于强调句型中的it.
6. Look at the watch. Don't you see it is_______watch_______Mary lost the other day?
A. as the same;as B. the same;as
C. the same;which D. as the same; that
答案：B 指导：thesame．．．as．．．含有“与……同样的意思”，A、D 两项thesame前均多了ad，thesame不与which搭配，C亦不可选。
7. There is a popular belief among parents_______ schools don't pay any attention tO handwriting.
A. whose B. that
C. which D. in which
答案：B 指导：该题貌似定语从句，实际上是一个同谓语从句，对 名词belief加以补充说明。
8. --Was_______Bill, _______ played football well,_______helped the blind man cross the road?
--Yes, you are right , He is always ready to help others.
A. it; that;who B. which; that; that
C. it; who; that D. who; which; that
答案：C 指导：本题为强调句型，中间插入一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Bill，在强调句型中，被强调的对像是Bill。
9.The great trouble he_______show us how to run the machine_______him completely tired.
A. took to;made B. takes to;make
C. took; make D. take to;make
答案：A指导：taketroubletodosth为短语。
10.The theory he's stuck _______us that earthquakes can be forecast.
A. to prove to B. to proves to
C. proves to D. which proved
10．B指导：he'sstuckto为定语从句，修饰主语thetheory，provestous为该句的谓语部分。