英语高中考点精析精练:第11讲 情景交际

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名称 英语高中考点精析精练:第11讲 情景交际
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更新时间 2010-12-24 12:54:00

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第十一讲 情景交际
典型例题
情景交际题通过创设语境,考查考生在真实的语言环境中运用所学英语知识交流思想、表达观点的能力。这类试题以对话形式出现,题干较长,灵活性大,有一定难度,考生的得分偏低。要做好这类语法、词语知识加情景交际题,必须具备正确理解句子结构所需要的语法知识,以便正确理解题干句子所提供的语境条件,同时还要弄明白备选答案中的词语意义及用法,这样再把题干句子和选项结合起来加以认真考虑,据此选出符合句意及情景交际需要的正确答案。实际上,这些“交际”题大多徒有其表,因为在这些情景对话题中真正要考查的是其他知识,如时态、词语辨析等。但这毕竟是在特定的语言情景中测试考生所学英语知识,让考生在真实的英语环境中运用所学知识。这一事实说明了高考在重视交际能力的考查方面迈出了第一步,这一变化也意味着学生须真正掌握英语并能灵活运用之,而非单纯学习英语知识。随着时间的推移,NMET的单选题中也出现了单纯的交际题,其比例并有逐年增加的趋势。
应试高分瓶颈
解答单纯的情景交际题,既不需要复杂的语法知识,也不需要深奥的词语知识。关键就是要先弄懂题干的语境条件,再理解备选答案中词语意思,结合平时了解和掌握的讲英语国家的一些情景知识及各种情况下有关口语应答的知识,再根据语感,就不难选出正确答案。考生应该注意的是:在这种试题中,四个备选答案都有可能满足句子结构的语法需要,但只有一个是正确的,既能满足句子结构的语法需要,又能满足语境意义的需要。
总之,要做好情景交际题,需要良好的语言素养、对英关等国风俗习惯的了解以及不断的语言实践。所以考生平时要尽量多了解一些英语国家的风土人情、生活习惯,注意归纳、总结和积累习惯上的差异,熟悉并能正确运用所学惯用法。只有这样才能逐步提高具体语境下的语言应变能力,从而提高交际题的解题水平。
◎命题点 情景交际
命题点 情景交际
本类考题解答锦囊
1.情景交际类的题目是将高考定位在“语言测试是考查语言交际能力的测试”的具体表现。在NMET中,每年至少有一个题目;在上海的试题中,此类题目所占比例更大一些。
2.此类题目在特定语言环境中考查考生运用语言的能力。具体地讲,包含着八个方面的内容:
①特定的时间和地点(the particular setting);
②特定的目的和动机(the particular purpose and motivatiOB);
③特定参与者(the particular participants);
④特定角色(the particulsr role—play);
⑤特定的行为序列(thcparticularactionsequence);
⑥特定的心理活动过程(the particular mental process);
⑦特定的信息处理过程(the particular information processing);
⑧特定结局(the particular ends)。
3.测试的交际项目一般包含在教学大纲的“日常交际用语”中,干扰项的设置主要考虑了:
①东西方不同的思维方式;
②字面意义相近但交际功能却截然不同的表达,如:Let me see和Let me havea look;
That'sright和That’sall righ“Never mind和NO problem;What can l do for you和At your
service;Good luck和Congratulations;My pleasure,I’m glad to hearthat,Whith pleasure和It’Sa pleasure.
③交际的原则是礼貌得体,而不是注重是否遵守了语法规则。
这里语言的实际使用遵守的是约定俗成的交际原则,而不是语法规则。
1.熟悉句型结构,增强理解能力;
2,进行广泛阅读,积累各种情景中交际应酬的用语从而提高交际能力;
3.熟悉中、英两种文化差异,掌握两个不同民族的交际习惯方式;
4.多看英文电视、电影,多跟外国人交谈,从而提高英语实际运用能力。
这类题虽然没有固定规律可寻,但只要交际能力提高了,解答这类题目就非常容易了。近几年来的考试结果,也说明了这一点。因此同学们不必担心害怕,只要我们在平时的学习中注意这些问题,考试是不难的。
Ⅰ高考最新热门题
1.(典型例题Susan,will you poease go and empty that drawer?
A.What for B. What is it
C.How is it D.How conic
命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查情景交际。
【解 析】 what for? 可以扩展为:What will that drawer be emptied for?为什么要把那个抽屉腾空呢?其实,在口语中常用what for表示“为什么”(for what purpose),而不使用像上面的扩展句那样完整的语言形式的说法,因为“经济原则”(用尽可能少的符号来表达尽可能多的信息)是语言运用过程中的一个基本原则。这里再补充几个关于what的说法:①what if;;what WOUld hat)pen止..要是……又怎么样呢?②what of it?,so what用以承认某事属实,进而提问其重要性或是否某人要有何行动。③what’s what什么事物有用或重要等。④ whatwithsth.用来列举各种原因:What wllh the weather and my had 1eg,I haven't been out for weeks.由于天气不好,我的腿又不方便,我已经有好几个星期没出门了。
【答 案】 A
2.(典型例题--No, I'm afraid he isn't in. This is his secretary spesaking. Can I help you?
--_________.
A. Oh,you will.
B. Oh,that's a pity.
C. I should think so.
D. Well,I look forward to hearing from you.
答案:C 指导:句意一啊,他不在。我是他的秘书。我可以代劳吗?一我看可以吧。
3. (典型例题)-- _________I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here.
--I was saying that the party was great.
A. Repeat. B. Once again. C.Sorry? D.So what?
答案:C 指导:根据句意可知这是在一个嘈杂的环境中的谈话,由于没听清对方的话,希望对方重复。选项A、B、D虽然都有这种意思,但都缺乏礼貌,不符合英语习惯,故答案选C
4. (典型例题l hope you don't mind me asking,_________where did you buy those shoes?
A. so B. and C. yet D. but
答案:D 指导:but作为一个语气词,起一个启下的作用,并无实际意义:You can use but after you have made an excuse or an apology or anexcuseforwhatyouarejuStabout to say.
5.(典型例题 Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide?
--Of course,_________sair.
A. Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself
C. It doesn't matter D. Take your time
答案:D 指导:A指要对方不要受拘束,随便一点;B指要对方尽兴地玩,不要有其他的顾虑;C指在对方做了不该做的事后的安慰;D意思是要对方别着急,慢慢做某事,在此指慢慢看菜单。根据上句的意思,只有选项D符合语境。
Ⅱ 题点经典类型题
1.(典型例题海卷)Could I ask you a rather personal
question?--_________.
A. Yes, don't worry C. Of course,go ahead
C. Yes,help yourself D. Of course,why not
命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查情景交际。
【解 析】 选项A表示对对方的安慰;B表示许可,同意;C表示随便;D表示反问或责问。根据语境,答案选B.
【答 案】 B
2.(典型例题 Let's go and have a good drink tonight.
--______Have you got the first prize in the competition?
A. What for? B. Thanks a lot.
C. Yes, I'd like to. D. Why not?
答案:A 指导:选项A用来询问目的;B是对人所提供的帮助表示感谢;C、D都是对问题的回答。而从第二个人答语可知,他不知对方为何请他喝酒,故答案选A.
3.(典型例题) No,I'm afraid he isn't in . This is his secretary speaking. Can I help you?
--_________.
A. Oh,you will
B. Oh,that's a pity
C. I should think sr)
D. Well,I look forward to hear from you
答案:C 指导:根据语境,选项A太直接,不符合习惯;B是对他人或自己不能怎样的遗憾;D是书信用语;故答案应该选C,表示愿意要“你”帮忙。
4.(典型例题 Do you mind if I open the window?
--_________I feel a bit cold.
A. Of course not.
B. I'd rather you didn't.
C. Go ahead.
D. Why not?
答案:B 指导:选项A表示不介意;B表示希望对方不要打开窗户;C表示要对方去打开窗户;D表示责问对方为什么不干某事的原因。根据I feel a bit cold的意思,答案选B.
5.(典型例题--Go for a picnic this weekend,OK?
--_________ . I love getting close to nature.
A. I couldn't agree more
B. I'm afraid not
C. I believe not
D. I don't think so
答案:A 指导:根据句意,说话人同意周末去解炊,B、C、D三项表示不同意。can't/couldn'tagreemore意为“非常赞成、完全同意”。can't/could't+比较级意为“再…二不过,不可能更……”。故答案选A.
Ⅲ 新高考命题探究
1.--I enjoyed myself so much at your birthday party.
--_________
A. Oh,that's kind of you
B. Congratulations
C. Oh,I'm glad to hear that
D. It's a pleasure
答案:C 指导:别人在你的生日聚会上玩得很开心,你应当为此感到高兴。这是西方人常用答语。
2.---You cannot finish the book in less than an hour, I suppose? --_________.
A. Yes,I'm sure I can B. No,hardly
C. Sorry,I can't D. I don't think I can
答案:A 指导:对一般疑问句的回答应用了Yes或No开头,故排除C和D两项。B项完整的表达为:No,Icanhardlyfinish it.
3. --When shall we meet ,at 6: 00 or at 6: 30?
--_________.
A. At any time B. You make the time
C. Well,either time will do D. Any time is OK
答案:C 指导:问句是一个(含两项)选择疑问句,答语中用any不合适,因为any指三者或三者以上中的任何之一。
4. Is the experiment easy?
-- _________. I'll just do my bit.
A. I think so B. Certainly
C. Not a little D. Anything but
答案:D 指导:anything but意为“绝不,一点也不”,相当于not(...)atall;notalittle意为“非常,许多”。
5 --Excuse me,can you tell me how to get to the airport?
--_________.
A. Certainly,you can take a No. 3 bus
B. No, I don't know how
C. Yes,you could go by bus
D. Along this road
答案: A 指导:对别人的请求给予帮助。
6.-I'm sorry to have shouted at you. I didn't mean to be so rude.
--You were very angry. Anyway,_________.
A. that's right B. you are welcome
C. I'm sorry about that D. it doesn't matter
答案:D 指导:对道歉的回答用it doesn'tmatter(没关系)。
探究性命题综合测试
考场热身
1.--Have a nice weekend!
--_________.
A. The same to you B. You do to
C. The same as you D. You have it too
答案:A 指导:当对方“祝你…”“愿你…”你也用相同的祝词时可以简单地说"Thesame to you".如果A说Happy birthday to you!B说:Thank you.(你们的生日不是同一天).
2.--Hello. May I speak to Zhao Hua?
--Yes,_________.
A.. My name's Zhao Hua
B. I'm Zhao Hua
D. Zhao Hua's me
答案:C 指导:在电话用语中,表示“我是……”通常用This is...speaking;表示“你是谁……”通常用Is that...speaking或who's that?
3. --I wonder if I could use your telephone.
--_________.
A. I wader how B. I don't wonder
C. Sorry,it's out of order D. No wonder,have it is.
答案:C 指导:Sorry,it'soutoforder是“对不起,电话坏了”的意思。A、B、D不符语法。
4.--Wasn't it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?
A. I didn't dhow he was B. Yes,it was
C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did
答案:B 指导:题干是个强调句式的疑问句,所以回答应是Yes,it was或No,it wasn'toA、C、D项均不符语法,所答非 所问。
5. --Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?
--_________.
A. Sure,I would B. Yes,please
C. Yes,both D. Neither,thank you
答案:D 指导:A、B项回答不符题意。C项应去掉Yes。D项意为“谢谢,茶和咖啡我都不要。”
6.--Sorry,I couldn't come to the party. I was sick that day.
--_________.
A. I don't know that
B. That's all right
C. Yes,we'll have another party
D. No,the party wasn't held.
答案:B 指导:That's all right意为没关系。
7. You haven't been to Beijing,have you?
-- . How i wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven't
C. No,I have ID. No,I haven't
答案:D 指导:由答语中的一句"How I wish to go there!”可知“I haven't been to Beijing.故D为最佳答案。B、C项是语法错误。A项与题意不符。
8.--Can I get you a cup of tea?
A. That's very nice of you
B. With pleasure
C. You can, please
D. Thank you for the tea
**A 指导:当别人给你提供帮助时,你应该说That's very nice/kind of you;It's very nice/kind of you或Thanks/Thank you/Thank you very much.D项属汉式英语,不符英语表达习惯。B、C项比较生硬,不委婉。
9.--I had a really good weekend at my uncle's.
A. Oh, that's very nice of you
B. Congratulations
C. It's a pleasure
D. Oh, I'm glad to hear that
答案:D 指导:A表示感谢,B表示祝贺,C表示对感谢的应答,D表示喜悦。
10. --My daughter has passed the exam.
--Congratulations! She's really intelligent.
.
A. No,no she is nothing
B. Oh, thank you.
C. Sometimes she is intellgent
D. You are right.
答案:B 指导:当对方祝贺你,赞美你,表扬你时,常用Thank you回答。