2011高考英语总复习 unit4 global warming学案
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| 名称 | 2011高考英语总复习 unit4 global warming学案 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2010-12-26 07:11:00 | ||
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Unit 4 Global warming
核心单词
1. subscribe
vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. （签署）文件；捐助
常用结构：
subscribe to ... 同意，赞许；（在文件等下面）签名，署名
subscribe sth. to ... 捐助
subscribe to/for ... 订阅；订购(书籍等)
He did not subscribe to my proposal.
他不赞同我的建议。
He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.
他向救济基金捐赠巨资。
He subscribed his name to a petition. 他在请愿书上签名。
高手过招
翻译句子
①只有疯子才会同意这样的观点。
②我订了一份《妇女周刊》。
答案：①No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.
②I subscribed to a Weekly Women’s magazine.
2. tend
vt. & vi. （常与to连用）有某种倾向；有……的趋势；走向；趋向；朝向；照管，照料；看护
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
He tends to pitch the ball too high.
他往往把球掷得过高。
Prices are tending upward. 物价在上涨。
The woman stayed at home to tend her child.
那个妇女呆在家里照料她的孩子。
高手过招
单项填空
I never forget the days when I was by the villagers when I was wounded.
Tended B. observed C. monitored D. Cared
解析：选A。tend 用作及物动词，意为 “照顾；照料”;observe观察；注意；monitor 监视；监控； care为不及物动词，care for 才有 “照顾；照料”的意思。
3. oppose
vt. 反对； 反抗；对抗；（与to连用）使反对，使相对
Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.
许多议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。
My mother is opposed to the new plan.
我妈妈是反对这个新计划的。
Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
常用结构：
as opposed to （表示对比）而，相对于
易混辨析
oppose/object/resist
oppose 为常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，强调动作,尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。
object 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”, 强调“个人嫌厌”和“由于与个人有关，因此提出反对意见”。
resist指“积极地反抗、对抗”；“用武力阻止……的前进”。
高手过招
单项填空
The professor, out the project, made a comment on the report.
A. was opposed to carry B. opposed to carry
C. opposed to carrying D. opposed carrying
解析：选C。短语be opposed to sth./doing sth.意为“反对/某事/做某事”，其中to是介词。此处用过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句 who was opposed to carrying。
4. consequence
n.［C］结果；后果；影响
I’m quite willing to accept the consequences.
我完全愿意承担后果。
You should know the consequence of not studying hard.
你应该知道不用功学习的后果。
This had the unexpected consequence that he got fired.
这件事有了意外的后果，那就是他被革职了。
常用结构：
as a consequence (of ...)
=in consequence (of ...)
=as a result (of ...) 结果;因此；由于……的原因
联想拓展
consequent adj.（+on/upon） 因……而起的；随之发生的
consequently adv. 结果；因此；必然地
高手过招
翻译句子
①降雨量很大，结果田地被淹了。
②他努力学习，因此通过了考试。
答案：①The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.
②He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam.
5. average
adj. 平均的；普通的
n. 平均;平均数
The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
这个班男生的平均年龄为十五岁。
It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的作品。
The average man is not interested in this subject.
普通人一般对这个题目不感兴趣。
常用结构：
on average 平均地；通常
above/below average 高于/低于平均数/水平
an average of ... ……的平均数
up to average 达到平均数
The average of 4 and 8 is 6. 4和8的平均数为6。
Two students are absent each day on average.
平均每天有两个学生缺席。
高手过招
选词填空(ordinary/average/normal/common）
①Though she is CEO of a big company, she is a(n) woman in the eyes of her families.
②Relations between the two countries have been restored to .
③It’s a bag, and you can find it in every store.
④Letterboxes are much more in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
答案： ①average ②normal ③common
④ordinary
6. blame
v. 埋怨,责备
常用结构：
be to blame 应受谴责,应负责任
blame something on sb. 把……归咎于
blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因……而责备某人
City residents also blame migrant workers for the sharp rise in the urban crime rate.
城市居民还责怪民工造成了城市犯罪率的大幅度上升。
They blamed the failure on George. 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
Blame me if I don’t. 我要是不这样做,随你怎么办好了。
联想拓展
blameful adj. 该受责备的，有过错的
blameless adj. 无可责难的,无过错的
blameworthy adj. 该受责备的
高手过招
单项填空
He deserved to his carelessness.
A. blamed for B. be blamed for
C. blame for D. be blame for
解析：选C。be to blame应受谴责,应负责任，不能用于被动语态。
重点短语
7. come about
发生；产生
How did this dangerous state of affairs come about
这种危险的事态是怎么发生的
联想拓展
关于come的其他短语:
come across 偶然发现；被理解；提供
come into being 发生；产生；出现；形成
come into power 开始执政；当权；当选
come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行
come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
come into fashion 开始流行
come off （头发、牙齿、纽扣）脱落；离开
come on 上场；开始；赶快；加油
come out 出来，发芽；出版；说出；洗掉
come to know/realize/understand
开始了解到/意识到/明白
come up with 找到（答案）；拿出（一笔钱等）
高手过招
单项填空
—How did it that you made such a silly mistake
—I myself haven’t figured it out yet.
A. bring about B. come about
C. come across D. come on
解析：选B。句意为：——怎么会发生这么愚蠢的错误？——我自己也搞不明白。come about 发生，指事情发生的原因，常与how连用。其他选项无此用法。
8. quantities of
意思是“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
Quantities of apples were on the table.
桌子上有很多苹果。
Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.
去年大量的石油被海运到日本。
联想拓展
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的
in small quantities 少量的
易混辨析
a quantity of/quantities of
a quantity of 与quantities of，都可译为“大量的”，都既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，但用法有区别。
a quantity of的谓语动词根据其后的名词而定，跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数，跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。而quantities of 后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词一律用复数。
A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came.入夏以来，已有大量的空调售出。
高手过招
单项填空
information stored in this computer.
A. Large quantities of; have been
B. A great many; has been
C. A large quantity of; were
D. Quite a lot; is
解析：选A。information为不可数名词，C项的谓语动词应该用单数，故只有A项正确。
9. result in
导致;结果是（相当于lead to）
Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争端导致了战争。
The accident results in the death of two passengers.
事故导致两名乘客死亡。
His carelessness resulted in the accident.
他的粗心导致事故的发生。
联想拓展
result from 起因于；由……造成
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 作为……的结果；因为……
高手过招
用result in/result from的适当形式填空
①The traffic accident a lot of death and the destruction of several vehicles.
②The illness exhaustion possibly.
③The injure a fall kept him in bed for months.
答案： ①resulted in ②resulted from
③resulting from
10. put up with
忍受；容忍
I don’t know how his parents put up with his antics.
我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪异行为的。
She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.
她再也不能忍受那家伙了。
联想拓展
put away 放好；收好；储存
put aside 忽视；不理睬
put across 交流，沟通
put down 记下；放下；镇压；平定
put forward 提出；建议；将……提前
put in 驶进
put out 熄灭；扑灭；出版；公布；生产
put off 推迟；延期
put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重）
put up 提出；举起；升起；提（价）；投宿；建造
高手过招
单项填空
—What do you think of Andrew
—There are some things that are not easy to , and his coldness is one.
A. put aside B. put up with
C. think of D. get along with
解析：选B。答句句意为:他有很多方面难以让人忍受，冷酷就是其中的一个。put aside 储存；保留；put up with 容忍；忍受；think of想起；get along with 与……相处。由句意可知,选B项。
重点句型
11. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.
这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。
定语从句中的介词或介词短语可以提到引导词which, whom的前面。
The old man has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.
这位老人有三个女儿，其中的两个是老师。
Soon they arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.
不久他们来到了一所农舍，农舍前坐着一个小男孩。
高手过招
单项填空
I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction she had come.
A. of which B. by which
C. in which D. from which
解析：选D。介词的选择要依据搭配和句子意义。come from表示“来自……”; of与in不与come搭配;come by意为“从旁边经过”。
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Unit 4 Global warming
核心单词
1. subscribe
vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. （签署）文件；捐助
常用结构：
subscribe to ... 同意，赞许；（在文件等下面）签名，署名
subscribe sth. to ... 捐助
subscribe to/for ... 订阅；订购(书籍等)
He did not subscribe to my proposal.
他不赞同我的建议。
He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.
他向救济基金捐赠巨资。
He subscribed his name to a petition. 他在请愿书上签名。
高手过招
翻译句子
①只有疯子才会同意这样的观点。
②我订了一份《妇女周刊》。
答案：①No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.
②I subscribed to a Weekly Women’s magazine.
2. tend
vt. & vi. （常与to连用）有某种倾向；有……的趋势；走向；趋向；朝向；照管，照料；看护
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
He tends to pitch the ball too high.
他往往把球掷得过高。
Prices are tending upward. 物价在上涨。
The woman stayed at home to tend her child.
那个妇女呆在家里照料她的孩子。
高手过招
单项填空
I never forget the days when I was by the villagers when I was wounded.
Tended B. observed C. monitored D. Cared
解析：选A。tend 用作及物动词，意为 “照顾；照料”;observe观察；注意；monitor 监视；监控； care为不及物动词，care for 才有 “照顾；照料”的意思。
3. oppose
vt. 反对； 反抗；对抗；（与to连用）使反对，使相对
Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.
许多议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。
My mother is opposed to the new plan.
我妈妈是反对这个新计划的。
Many residents are opposed to the plan of building the motorway.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
常用结构：
as opposed to （表示对比）而，相对于
易混辨析
oppose/object/resist
oppose 为常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，强调动作,尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。
object 常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”, 强调“个人嫌厌”和“由于与个人有关，因此提出反对意见”。
resist指“积极地反抗、对抗”；“用武力阻止……的前进”。
高手过招
单项填空
The professor, out the project, made a comment on the report.
A. was opposed to carry B. opposed to carry
C. opposed to carrying D. opposed carrying
解析：选C。短语be opposed to sth./doing sth.意为“反对/某事/做某事”，其中to是介词。此处用过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句 who was opposed to carrying。
4. consequence
n.［C］结果；后果；影响
I’m quite willing to accept the consequences.
我完全愿意承担后果。
You should know the consequence of not studying hard.
你应该知道不用功学习的后果。
This had the unexpected consequence that he got fired.
这件事有了意外的后果，那就是他被革职了。
常用结构：
as a consequence (of ...)
=in consequence (of ...)
=as a result (of ...) 结果;因此；由于……的原因
联想拓展
consequent adj.（+on/upon） 因……而起的；随之发生的
consequently adv. 结果；因此；必然地
高手过招
翻译句子
①降雨量很大，结果田地被淹了。
②他努力学习，因此通过了考试。
答案：①The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.
②He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam.
5. average
adj. 平均的；普通的
n. 平均;平均数
The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
这个班男生的平均年龄为十五岁。
It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的作品。
The average man is not interested in this subject.
普通人一般对这个题目不感兴趣。
常用结构：
on average 平均地；通常
above/below average 高于/低于平均数/水平
an average of ... ……的平均数
up to average 达到平均数
The average of 4 and 8 is 6. 4和8的平均数为6。
Two students are absent each day on average.
平均每天有两个学生缺席。
高手过招
选词填空(ordinary/average/normal/common）
①Though she is CEO of a big company, she is a(n) woman in the eyes of her families.
②Relations between the two countries have been restored to .
③It’s a bag, and you can find it in every store.
④Letterboxes are much more in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
答案： ①average ②normal ③common
④ordinary
6. blame
v. 埋怨,责备
常用结构：
be to blame 应受谴责,应负责任
blame something on sb. 把……归咎于
blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因……而责备某人
City residents also blame migrant workers for the sharp rise in the urban crime rate.
城市居民还责怪民工造成了城市犯罪率的大幅度上升。
They blamed the failure on George. 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
Blame me if I don’t. 我要是不这样做,随你怎么办好了。
联想拓展
blameful adj. 该受责备的，有过错的
blameless adj. 无可责难的,无过错的
blameworthy adj. 该受责备的
高手过招
单项填空
He deserved to his carelessness.
A. blamed for B. be blamed for
C. blame for D. be blame for
解析：选C。be to blame应受谴责,应负责任，不能用于被动语态。
重点短语
7. come about
发生；产生
How did this dangerous state of affairs come about
这种危险的事态是怎么发生的
联想拓展
关于come的其他短语:
come across 偶然发现；被理解；提供
come into being 发生；产生；出现；形成
come into power 开始执政；当权；当选
come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行
come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
come into fashion 开始流行
come off （头发、牙齿、纽扣）脱落；离开
come on 上场；开始；赶快；加油
come out 出来，发芽；出版；说出；洗掉
come to know/realize/understand
开始了解到/意识到/明白
come up with 找到（答案）；拿出（一笔钱等）
高手过招
单项填空
—How did it that you made such a silly mistake
—I myself haven’t figured it out yet.
A. bring about B. come about
C. come across D. come on
解析：选B。句意为：——怎么会发生这么愚蠢的错误？——我自己也搞不明白。come about 发生，指事情发生的原因，常与how连用。其他选项无此用法。
8. quantities of
意思是“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
Quantities of apples were on the table.
桌子上有很多苹果。
Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.
去年大量的石油被海运到日本。
联想拓展
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的
in small quantities 少量的
易混辨析
a quantity of/quantities of
a quantity of 与quantities of，都可译为“大量的”，都既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，但用法有区别。
a quantity of的谓语动词根据其后的名词而定，跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数，跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。而quantities of 后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词一律用复数。
A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came.入夏以来，已有大量的空调售出。
高手过招
单项填空
information stored in this computer.
A. Large quantities of; have been
B. A great many; has been
C. A large quantity of; were
D. Quite a lot; is
解析：选A。information为不可数名词，C项的谓语动词应该用单数，故只有A项正确。
9. result in
导致;结果是（相当于lead to）
Their dispute resulted in war. 他们的争端导致了战争。
The accident results in the death of two passengers.
事故导致两名乘客死亡。
His carelessness resulted in the accident.
他的粗心导致事故的发生。
联想拓展
result from 起因于；由……造成
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 作为……的结果；因为……
高手过招
用result in/result from的适当形式填空
①The traffic accident a lot of death and the destruction of several vehicles.
②The illness exhaustion possibly.
③The injure a fall kept him in bed for months.
答案： ①resulted in ②resulted from
③resulting from
10. put up with
忍受；容忍
I don’t know how his parents put up with his antics.
我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪异行为的。
She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.
她再也不能忍受那家伙了。
联想拓展
put away 放好；收好；储存
put aside 忽视；不理睬
put across 交流，沟通
put down 记下；放下；镇压；平定
put forward 提出；建议；将……提前
put in 驶进
put out 熄灭；扑灭；出版；公布；生产
put off 推迟；延期
put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（体重）
put up 提出；举起；升起；提（价）；投宿；建造
高手过招
单项填空
—What do you think of Andrew
—There are some things that are not easy to , and his coldness is one.
A. put aside B. put up with
C. think of D. get along with
解析：选B。答句句意为:他有很多方面难以让人忍受，冷酷就是其中的一个。put aside 储存；保留；put up with 容忍；忍受；think of想起；get along with 与……相处。由句意可知,选B项。
重点句型
11. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide.
这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。
定语从句中的介词或介词短语可以提到引导词which, whom的前面。
The old man has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.
这位老人有三个女儿，其中的两个是老师。
Soon they arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.
不久他们来到了一所农舍，农舍前坐着一个小男孩。
高手过招
单项填空
I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction she had come.
A. of which B. by which
C. in which D. from which
解析：选D。介词的选择要依据搭配和句子意义。come from表示“来自……”; of与in不与come搭配;come by意为“从旁边经过”。
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