主谓一致
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课件35张PPT。主谓一致高三英语复习(2)1、 语法一致语法一致的原则是指主语为
单数或复数时，其谓语动词
要与其相呼应。但我们要注
意一些特殊情况；1）以along with, together with,
with, as well as, rather than,
but, except , like, including…
连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。is Air, as well as water,
_____ matter. (be)
is2) 用and 连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、
同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时
and 后面的名词前没有冠词。A hammer and a saw _____ useful tools. (be)areThe poet and writer______
coming. (be)is3)成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的
面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and
milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt
and water盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍
表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。 A knife and fork __
on the table. (be)
Whisky and soda __
always his favorite
drink. (be)isis4)如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但
前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用
单数。Every boy and every girl in this village
__ taught to read and write. (be)
No student and no teacher __ invited
to the party. (be)
isis5)表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主
语时一被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。
Ten miles __ a good
distance. (be)
is6) 动名词, 动词不定式或从句作主语，
其谓语用单数形式。Serving the people __
my greatest happiness. (be)
To master a foreign language
__ very important. (be)
When we’ll go out for an
outing _______ been decided. (have)
isishasn’tWhat we want ____ another 20 people.are如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，
谓语动词用单数形式；
如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
To go to bed early and to rise early ___ a good habit.
早睡早起是好习惯。
To work and to live _____ two different things but
they are always together.
工作和生活是两件不同的事情，但它们永远相伴。isareWhat he says and acts _________ not concern me.
他的言行与我无关。(do)
(这里的says and acts笼统指人的行为。)
What he says and what he acts ____ not agree.
他的言行不一致。
(指他说的话和他做的事不一致。)doesdo7)主语是“each of …”，时，其谓语用单数。
复数名词+ each作主语, 谓语动词用复数.They each ______ an
English dictionary. (have)
Each of us _____
something to say.havehas8)主语是none, neither, no…等既可表示复数意
义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。但在代表
不可数概念时,谓语动词用单数.None of us______ perfect. (be)
None of us ____ good
swimmers.
None of us __ a good
swimmer.
None of this _________ me.
(worry)
are/isareisworries9)不定代词all, more, most, any, 等以及名词
half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示
单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。
Most of the apples
______ rotten.(be)Most of the apple
______ eaten.werewasall作主语，指人时谓语动词用复数，
指物时常用单数。
All ______ present besides the professor.
所有的人都出席，包括那位教授。
All _____ going on very well.
一切顺利areis1o)“a number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；
“ the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。A number of pupils ____ reading
picture-books. (like)
The number of deer, lions and wild roses ______ not change much if people leave things as they are.(do)
doeslike11)“a quantity of + 可数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；
+ 不可数名词作主语，用单数
“ quantities of + 可数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数
+不可数名词作主语，用复数A large quantity of books _____ needed there. (be)
A large quantity of food _____ needed there.
Quantities of books _____ needed there.
Quantities of food _____ needed there.areareareisa great deal (of)，a little，a large amount (of)
等修饰不可数名词作主语其谓语动词只用单数形式。
A great deal of time _____ wasted playing but ought
to have been fully used. (be)
很多时间在玩耍中浪费掉了，但应该好好利用的。
A large amount of medicine ____ needed in the
stricken area.
灾区需要大量的药品。wasis12)“……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几”
作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于
of 后的名词。Three-fourths of the
surface of the earth
__ sea. (be)40 percent of the students in our class ___ girls.
isare80% of the population here ______ farmers.are13)主语是表示数量的“one and a half
+复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式
One and a half bananas __ left on the
table.isone or two后接复数名词，谓语要用复数，
a/an+单数名词+or two结构之后，谓语却常用单数。
One or two days ______ enough for this work.
A day or two ____ enough for this work.
干这活一两天就够了。isareone in+基数词…”作主语：
一般情况下，“one in+基数词”或其修饰的名词
作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
It is reported that in this area one in four people
___________ from lung cancer. (suffer)
据报道此地区有四分之一的人患有肺癌。suffers14) 由 many a 或 more than + 单数名词作
主语时，其谓语用单数形式。
Many a foreigner ____ been to the
Great Wall. (have)
More than one student ____ visited
the exhibition.
hashasMore members than one _____ against the proposal.
反对这项提议的会员不止一个。(be)are
I, who ____ your teacher, will teach
you everything I know. (be)She is the only one of these women
who _____ the violin. (play)amplays15) 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,
谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。16) “one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有the only,
the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动
词用单数形式。17)主语是a / this / that kind of +名词，
谓语与kind保持一致. 名词+ a / this / that
kind ,谓语与名词保持 一致。
This kind of cloth ______ soft. (feel)
There ______ different kinds of animals. (be)
This kind of actors______ easily found.
Actors of this kind _____ easily found.feelsareareis18) 两数相加、相乘：此时谓语动词可用单数也
可用复数形式。
两数相减、相除：此时谓语动词用单数。
15 minus 5 ____ equal to 10.
Five times four _______ twenty. is / areisSuch的倒装结构, 谓语动词的单复数
形式应根据其真正的住主语而定。
Such ___ Stephen Hawking，who has suffered
a great deal but achieved so much.
这就是史蒂芬·霍金，遭受着巨大的痛苦而作出伟大
成就的人。
Such ____ the difficulties that we are now
faced with.
这就是我们现在所面临的困难。
isare2、 意义一致的原则：指谓语动词的单复数取决于
主语所表达的概念，
而不取决于表面的语法标志. 类似这样的集体名词有：
family, class, audience,
committee （委员会）, crowd, crew,
group, party, population, team,
public, council （理事会）, village等。His family ___ all music lovers.
His family ___ very big( be)areis1)某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集
体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具
体成员时用复数。2)主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes,
trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors,
shoes, socks, gloves等时，谓语用复数。
但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语用单数。 My trousers ______ new;
There __ a pair of shoes in the box.areis表示国家、人民的名词作主语的情况:
有些以-sh，-ese，-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的
形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。
The English ______ to be with their families
at Christmas. (like)
英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。
The Chinese _____ a hard-working people.
中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。(be)
arelike Mathematics _______ to be difficult to learn. (seem)
A new means of teaching __ being used in that school. The United States __ a developed country. 注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。My mathematics ___ weak.isseemsisare主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词mathematics, politics,
physics以及news, works (工厂)和用作书名The
Arabian Nights、报纸名The new York Times
国名The United States等都属复数形式，而意义单数的名词，
其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视
具体情况而定。3) the +形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用
复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数. The rich ___ not
always happy. (be)
The new __ sure to
replace the old.
areis3.就近一致
谓语与靠近的那个主语
保持一致.1) 由here, there, 引导的倒装句中.1)Here________ the bus. (come)
2)There __ a pen and
two books on the
table. (be)
comesis2) 由or, either…or, neither…nor,
not only…but also等连接的并列主语.1)Neither the students
nor the teacher ____
anything about it. (know)
2)He or you _____ taken my pen. (have)knowshave
单数或复数时，其谓语动词
要与其相呼应。但我们要注
意一些特殊情况；1）以along with, together with,
with, as well as, rather than,
but, except , like, including…
连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。is Air, as well as water,
_____ matter. (be)
is2) 用and 连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、
同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时
and 后面的名词前没有冠词。A hammer and a saw _____ useful tools. (be)areThe poet and writer______
coming. (be)is3)成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的
面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and
milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt
and water盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍
表单一概念，作主语时，谓语用单数。 A knife and fork __
on the table. (be)
Whisky and soda __
always his favorite
drink. (be)isis4)如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但
前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用
单数。Every boy and every girl in this village
__ taught to read and write. (be)
No student and no teacher __ invited
to the party. (be)
isis5)表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主
语时一被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。
Ten miles __ a good
distance. (be)
is6) 动名词, 动词不定式或从句作主语，
其谓语用单数形式。Serving the people __
my greatest happiness. (be)
To master a foreign language
__ very important. (be)
When we’ll go out for an
outing _______ been decided. (have)
isishasn’tWhat we want ____ another 20 people.are如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，
谓语动词用单数形式；
如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。
To go to bed early and to rise early ___ a good habit.
早睡早起是好习惯。
To work and to live _____ two different things but
they are always together.
工作和生活是两件不同的事情，但它们永远相伴。isareWhat he says and acts _________ not concern me.
他的言行与我无关。(do)
(这里的says and acts笼统指人的行为。)
What he says and what he acts ____ not agree.
他的言行不一致。
(指他说的话和他做的事不一致。)doesdo7)主语是“each of …”，时，其谓语用单数。
复数名词+ each作主语, 谓语动词用复数.They each ______ an
English dictionary. (have)
Each of us _____
something to say.havehas8)主语是none, neither, no…等既可表示复数意
义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。但在代表
不可数概念时,谓语动词用单数.None of us______ perfect. (be)
None of us ____ good
swimmers.
None of us __ a good
swimmer.
None of this _________ me.
(worry)
are/isareisworries9)不定代词all, more, most, any, 等以及名词
half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示
单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。
Most of the apples
______ rotten.(be)Most of the apple
______ eaten.werewasall作主语，指人时谓语动词用复数，
指物时常用单数。
All ______ present besides the professor.
所有的人都出席，包括那位教授。
All _____ going on very well.
一切顺利areis1o)“a number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；
“ the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。A number of pupils ____ reading
picture-books. (like)
The number of deer, lions and wild roses ______ not change much if people leave things as they are.(do)
doeslike11)“a quantity of + 可数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；
+ 不可数名词作主语，用单数
“ quantities of + 可数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数
+不可数名词作主语，用复数A large quantity of books _____ needed there. (be)
A large quantity of food _____ needed there.
Quantities of books _____ needed there.
Quantities of food _____ needed there.areareareisa great deal (of)，a little，a large amount (of)
等修饰不可数名词作主语其谓语动词只用单数形式。
A great deal of time _____ wasted playing but ought
to have been fully used. (be)
很多时间在玩耍中浪费掉了，但应该好好利用的。
A large amount of medicine ____ needed in the
stricken area.
灾区需要大量的药品。wasis12)“……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几”
作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于
of 后的名词。Three-fourths of the
surface of the earth
__ sea. (be)40 percent of the students in our class ___ girls.
isare80% of the population here ______ farmers.are13)主语是表示数量的“one and a half
+复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式
One and a half bananas __ left on the
table.isone or two后接复数名词，谓语要用复数，
a/an+单数名词+or two结构之后，谓语却常用单数。
One or two days ______ enough for this work.
A day or two ____ enough for this work.
干这活一两天就够了。isareone in+基数词…”作主语：
一般情况下，“one in+基数词”或其修饰的名词
作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
It is reported that in this area one in four people
___________ from lung cancer. (suffer)
据报道此地区有四分之一的人患有肺癌。suffers14) 由 many a 或 more than + 单数名词作
主语时，其谓语用单数形式。
Many a foreigner ____ been to the
Great Wall. (have)
More than one student ____ visited
the exhibition.
hashasMore members than one _____ against the proposal.
反对这项提议的会员不止一个。(be)are
I, who ____ your teacher, will teach
you everything I know. (be)She is the only one of these women
who _____ the violin. (play)amplays15) 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,
谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。16) “one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有the only,
the very, the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动
词用单数形式。17)主语是a / this / that kind of +名词，
谓语与kind保持一致. 名词+ a / this / that
kind ,谓语与名词保持 一致。
This kind of cloth ______ soft. (feel)
There ______ different kinds of animals. (be)
This kind of actors______ easily found.
Actors of this kind _____ easily found.feelsareareis18) 两数相加、相乘：此时谓语动词可用单数也
可用复数形式。
两数相减、相除：此时谓语动词用单数。
15 minus 5 ____ equal to 10.
Five times four _______ twenty. is / areisSuch的倒装结构, 谓语动词的单复数
形式应根据其真正的住主语而定。
Such ___ Stephen Hawking，who has suffered
a great deal but achieved so much.
这就是史蒂芬·霍金，遭受着巨大的痛苦而作出伟大
成就的人。
Such ____ the difficulties that we are now
faced with.
这就是我们现在所面临的困难。
isare2、 意义一致的原则：指谓语动词的单复数取决于
主语所表达的概念，
而不取决于表面的语法标志. 类似这样的集体名词有：
family, class, audience,
committee （委员会）, crowd, crew,
group, party, population, team,
public, council （理事会）, village等。His family ___ all music lovers.
His family ___ very big( be)areis1)某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集
体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具
体成员时用复数。2)主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes,
trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors,
shoes, socks, gloves等时，谓语用复数。
但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语用单数。 My trousers ______ new;
There __ a pair of shoes in the box.areis表示国家、人民的名词作主语的情况:
有些以-sh，-ese，-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的
形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。
The English ______ to be with their families
at Christmas. (like)
英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。
The Chinese _____ a hard-working people.
中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。(be)
arelike Mathematics _______ to be difficult to learn. (seem)
A new means of teaching __ being used in that school. The United States __ a developed country. 注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。My mathematics ___ weak.isseemsisare主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词mathematics, politics,
physics以及news, works (工厂)和用作书名The
Arabian Nights、报纸名The new York Times
国名The United States等都属复数形式，而意义单数的名词，
其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视
具体情况而定。3) the +形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用
复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数. The rich ___ not
always happy. (be)
The new __ sure to
replace the old.
areis3.就近一致
谓语与靠近的那个主语
保持一致.1) 由here, there, 引导的倒装句中.1)Here________ the bus. (come)
2)There __ a pen and
two books on the
table. (be)
comesis2) 由or, either…or, neither…nor,
not only…but also等连接的并列主语.1)Neither the students
nor the teacher ____
anything about it. (know)
2)He or you _____ taken my pen. (have)knowshave