课件29张PPT。Welcome to the PowerPoint Presentation on Subject-Verb Agreement, the Sore Thumbof grammar!主谓一致Definition: 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致1.由and或both...and...连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
You and Mary ____not wrong.你和玛丽没有错。
Both coffee and tea ___ my favorite.
茶和咖啡都是我最喜爱的。
areare2.and所连接的两个词如指同一主体时，谓语则用单数形式。
A singer and dancer___ present at the party today.
这位歌手和舞蹈演员出席了我们今天的歌会。
was3.主语是抽象概念短语或从句作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
Collecting stamps ___ my favorite hobby.
集邮是我最喜爱的业余爱好。
To study hard __ your duty now.努力学习是你现在的任务。
That we have made much progress __ a fact.
我们取得了很大的成绩是事实。
isisis4.what或which引导的主语从句的句子，谓语动词与表语的数一致。
What I want __ a new bike.我所想要的是一辆新自行车。
Which ___your pictures？哪些是你的图画？
What I need badly ___ books.我急需的是书籍。isareare5.由“each (no，every)＋名词＋and＋each (no，every)＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl ___ given a gift.
每个男孩和女孩都给了礼物。
No sound and no voice ___ been heard for a long time.
很长时间没有听到任何声音。
washas6.由“one and a half＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half hours ___left.只剩下一个半小时。
is7.主语是“名词/代词＋with＋名词/代词”时，谓语须与前面的名词/代词保持一致。类似这种情形的用法还有：together with，along with，as well as，as much as，rather than，no less than，like，but，except，besides，including等。
Tom as well as the other boys ___praised at the meeting.
在大会上，汤姆和其他的男孩们受到表扬。
was8.glass，iron，paper，wood，water等名词表示“物质”概念时，只能用单数形式。
Wood __ used to make furniture.木料用做制造家俱。
is9.“more than one/many a＋单数名词”虽有复数意义，但谓语只能用单数形式。
Many a young person ___ got into the habit of smoking.
很多年轻人有抽烟的习惯。
has10.在“one of＋复数名词＋who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，要注意：one前面如果有the only修饰时，谓语动词与one保持一致，用单数形式；反之，one前面如果没有the only，谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致，用复数形式。
This is one of the questions that ______been asked by the students.这是学生提出的许多问题之一。
He is the only one of the officers who _____invited to the ball here.他是办公室唯一被邀请参加舞会的人。
havewas11.people，police，cattle，clothes，militia等作主语时，谓语用复数形式。
The cattle ___ kept in his farm.他农场里饲养牛。
The police ____ searching for the lost boy.
警察在寻找丢失的那个男孩。
areare12.family，company，audience，committee，crew，class，team，group，nation，world，government等名词表示集体概念时，谓语动词用单数；反之，如果表示个体概念，谓语动词用复数。
His family ___ a happy one.他的家庭是一个快乐的家庭。
The whole family ___ watching TV.一家人正在看电视。
isare13.week，time，dollar，kilometer，kilogram等表示时间、价值、长度、重量的名词(尽管用了复数形式)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty years __ a long time to us.
对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。
One thousand pounds ___ a lot of money.
一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
isis14.the rich，the living，the wounded等“the＋形容词(现在分词、过去分词)”表示一类人，具有复数意义。
The rich ___ not willing to help the poor.
富人们不愿意帮助穷人。
are15.当并列连词连接两个主语时，首先要遵循就近一致原则(谓语与靠近的主语保持一致)。
常见的这类并列连词有：or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等。
Not only the students but also the teacher __ going to see the film.不但学生而且还有这位老师打算去看这部电影。
____ either you or your brother been in the army?
是你还是你弟弟参了军？
isHave16.当“there be”后面接几个名词时，谓语动词要与靠近的那个名词保持一致。
There __ a table，two chairs and a bed in the room.
这个房间里有张桌子，两把椅子和一张床。
____ there three books and one pen on your desk?
你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗？
isAre17.a number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of private colleges ___ increased.私立学校在增多。
A large number of people ____ applied for the job.
很多人申请了这份工作。
hashave18.由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语以及由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
50 percent of the students in our class ___ girls.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ____ sea.
The rest of the lecture ___ wonderful.areisis注意:
A large quantity of people ___ needed here.
Quantities of food ____ still on the table.
A large quantity of谓语动词用单数
quantities of谓语动词用复数
取决于quantity的单复数
iswere. The “sore thumb of grammar” will never be seen in your writing again!CONGRATULATIONS! practice1.（2009年陕西卷）Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.
A.is going to B.are going to
C.was going to D.were going to
2.Either you or one of your students _____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A.are B.is
C.have D.be3. At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
A.is B.are
C.will be D.was
4.—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area___ invited.
A.were B.have been
C.has been D.was5.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where______yet.
A.hasn’t been decidedB.haven’t decided
C.isn’t being decidedD.aren’t decided
6.We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks so small that a day is unimportant.
A.isB.are
C.has beenD.have been7.The number of people,who have access to their own cars, sharply in the past decade.
A.rose B.is rising
C.have risenD.has risen
8.Buying clothes a hard job because the clothes a person likes not very often fit him or her.
A.are;doB.is;does
C.are;doesD.is;do9.Many a writer of newspaper articles to writing novels.
A.has turnedB.have turned
C.being turnedD.are going to turn
10.This kind of book very useful but books of that kind useless.
A.is;isB.is;are
C.are;isD.are;are11.—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water .
A.have pollutedB.is being polluted
C.has been polluted D.have been polluted
12. __of the people on the net China’s economy is among the strongest in the world.
A.Four fifths;believesB.Four fifth;believe
C.Four fifths;believeD.Four fifth;believes课件44张PPT。单项选择解题指导知之者胜， 不知者不胜。 -- 《孙子兵法》》 第一计：简化法简化法：1. Who do you think ______ us a talk this afternoon？
A. to give B. gave
C. will give D. giving 即去掉句子的修饰或插入成分，找出句子主干，从而简化句子结构。
常见的插入语有：I think, do you think, I’m afraid, actually, indeed, to be honest, however, in my opinion, of course 以及分词短语等。
2. He often stands against the fence
and talks endlessly with my
father ____ gardening problems.
A．to B．too
C．about D．off
())3. He made another wonderful discovery ____ ,of course, is of great importance to science. （上海’98 ）
A. which B. who
C. what D. that 4.Is there a shop running at night _____ we can buy some food?
A. that B. which
C. where D. what()第二计：还原法还原法：
即通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，
以便理解句意，从而降低难度。
如：1.Whom would you rather have ___with you ? A.to go B. go C. gone D. going 分析： 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth. 还原为：
You would rather have whom with you. 1、将疑问句改成陈述句 Is this the factory ___ you visited last month?
A. the one B. what C. that D. where 还原为：
This is the factory that you visited last month. 2、 还原省略成分
1). ----What made you so happy ?
-----_______.
A. Because of my passing the exam.
B. I passed the exam.
C. Because I passed the exam.
D. My passing the exam.
(made me so happy)2). The research is so designed that
once _____ nothing can be done
to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun=…once it is begun…3). If the weather is fine, we'll go.
If _____, _____.
A. not, not B. no, no
C. not, no D. no, not What ＿＿＿we had in London three
years ago!
A． wonderful time
B． a wonderful time
C． wonderful D． wonderfully可还原为：We had what a wonderful time in London 3 years ago．。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time（玩得愉快)。 3、 固定短语还原第三计：语境暗示法语境暗示法根据实际语境，找到关键词信息，从而准确答题。
特别是在时态和语气的选择中。 1. ①（原题）
--Which of the three ways shall I take to
the village ?
-- ______way as you please. (2004 福建)
A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either
②（改编）
--Which of the two ways shall I take to
the village ?
-- ______ way as you please.
DC
不同的语境传达不同的信息2.① 原题: （ NMET 2004 全国II）
－ Has Sam finished his homework today?
－I have no idea. He _____ it this morning.
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had donecA② 改编:
－ Has Sam finished his homework today?
－Yes. He ______ it this morning.4. I met several people there, two of
_____ being foreigners.
A. whom B. them
C. who D. which3. I met several people there,
two of _____ were foreigners.
A. whom B. them
C. who D. which第四计：标点提示法标点提示法即根据句子中的标点符号，如逗号，分号，破折号等，正确理解句子含义。 标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。例如：疑问句之后要用问号；感叹句之后要用感叹号；句中有逗号，可提示此处有可能为“非限制性定语从句”，也有可能为非谓语动词作状语等等。所以，由标点符号入手，我们可以确定做单项选择题的解题思路，从而既快捷又准确地获得答案。 1.Tom has many friends; ___ can help him.
A. few of which B. few of whom
C. few of that D. few of them 2. ___ is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.
A. It B. What
C. As D. WhichBC第五计：句型分析法 1. The country life he was used to ____
greatly since 1992. (2005山东卷)
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed[解析]易受sb be used to doing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知, he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。()2. _____ smoking here will be punished.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
3. _____ smokes here will be punished.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Whomever()()第六计：习惯用法习惯用法:即根据英语语言的习惯或固定搭配。-- I’m still working on my project.
-- Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is_____ .
A. running out B. going out
C. giving out D. losing out2.关注地道英语表达He wants to move house, because he hates
the _____ here.
A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics
C. heavy traffic D. heavy traffics 1. 注重动词词组积累 2.洋人说洋话。-- 避免中式原则两大原则：
有话好好说。-- 礼貌原则
--- Do you mind if I record your lecture?
--- . Go ahead.
A. Never mind B. No way
C. Not at all D. No. You’d better not.克服思维定势：解题时不能按照已有的思维模式，不受母语思维的干扰，而是要仔细分析句子，从而不落入出题人的圈套。1. ---It’s getting late.I’m afraid I must be going
now. (2004全国）
---OK. _________
A.Take it easy. B. Go slowly.
C.Stay longer. D. See you.
--I'm thinking of the test tomorrow. I'm afraid I can't pass this time.
--_____！I’m sure you’ll make it.
A.go ahead B.Good luck
C.No problem D.cheer up
答案：D。很多同学在看到题干“我正在考虑明天的考试”，就很自信地选择了B“祝你好运”。再看以下后半部分题干“我担心不能通过”，显然，这道题的题干表示的是“说话人的担心、忧虑”，而不是简单陈述一件事实“我明天参加考试。”，因此答语中要求的已不是大家熟悉的祝愿的话，而应该是“安慰的话”“振作点！我认为你能行。”一.全面审题,克服只顾结构和形式、不考虑意义和情景的思维习惯;
二.依据暗示信息找出提示，选择
best choice;
三.注意主从句、分词短语等
复杂成分的干扰。 Practice makes perfect!Summary单选六计还原法语境暗示法标点提示法习惯用法简化法句型分析法1. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times______.
A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many
2. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who
3. I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book — I ______it to you this morning!
A. would lend B. was lending
C. had lent D. lentPractice makes perfect!4. –What’s that noise?
–Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.
A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested
5. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. whom B. where C. that D. which
6. –I’d like some more cheese.
–Sorry, there’s ______ left.
A. some B. none C. a little D. few必胜！高考英语单项选择考查的知识点主要包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装句、省略和情景交际等。近年来单选的题干内容越来越贴近生活，语言更加灵活。它既要求考生对英语语法知识、词语知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用能力，又要求根据题干所给的语境条件进行分析、对比，灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。因此要做好单项选择题，除了在平时的学习中做好基础知识的积累外，还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。下面我想结合同学们遇到的一些典型习题做些分析，希望能给同学们一些启发。 注意语境，捕捉句子中暗含信息
近年来，单项选择淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查，而是设置特定的语境对语法进行考查，这样，准确了解语境信息就成为成功解答语境单选题的钥匙，而语境信息在题干中可以是单词、短语或完整的句子。例如：
----I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
----Oh，did you？You _____ with Barbara.
A.could have stayed B.could stay
C.would stay D.must have stayed 分析句子结构，明确句子成分
分析句子结构，明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分，有时对于我们选择正确答案是很必要的。在分析过程中，要特别留意标点符号，句子中的and，but，or等并列连词和从属连词，从而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是主从复合句。例如：
At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ____ down to eat our picnic lunch.
A.sitting B.having sat C.to sit D.sat
答案：D.很多同学选A，把选项看作了伴随状语。其实，选项前有一个很关键的词“and”，从而可以判断选项部分与“found”平行，构成了并列谓语，因此D才是正确答案。
