2011届高考二轮专题复习课件（新课标湖南专用）：阅读简答专题3 其他文体

课件29张PPT。 专题三　其他文体专题 三 │ 其他文体专题 三 │ 考题导读 阅读简答题选取的材料还有议论文和新闻报道两种。其中所选取的议论文通常有两类：一是先分析人们习以为常的现象，指出其中的谬误，然后阐述自己的观点；二是开门见山地点明要阐述的观点，然后通过类比等手段来证明该观点。掌握议论文的特点，把握好作者在文章中所阐述的观点利于快速把握全文脉络，准确找到有效的答题信息句。专题 三 │ 考题导读 时事新闻类阅读材料往往语言地道、内容时新。新闻阅读材料都由标题(Headlines)、导语(Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。阅读时，要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题善于找到相关句并能分析理解长难句，从而在归纳、概括、推理的基础上准确谴词组句作答。专题 三 │ 真题再现 [2007·湖南]
The north magnetic pole (磁极)is no longer a resident of Canada. It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 Not to be confused with the geographic North Pole—the northern extremity of the Earth’s axis(地轴)，the north magnetic pole (where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward)is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, a process that originates about 3, 000 kilometers below our feet, in the outer core(核心)of the planet. But scientists are now noticing that the magnetic pole has picked up its pace. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 Over the past century, the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year, says Larry Newitt, head of Geomagnetic Laboratory at Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa. Since the 1970s, this speed has increased to about 50 kilometers per year.
专题 三 │ 真题再现 Scientists are wondering why the speed is increasing, says Newitt. One hypothesis (假说)relates it to “magnetic jerks”， sudden shifts (变化)in the rate of change of the magnetic field. There have been three jerks in the past four decades, each one correlating to an increase in speed. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056.
“For most of recorded history, the pole has been a part of Canada, and now it’s not，” says Newitt. It may be a blow to our collective psyche, but other than that, it doesn’t have a major effect on most people’s existence. 专题 三 │ 真题再现 1．Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “angling”.
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2．What could happen to the north magnetic pole by the middle of the 21 century? (no more than 8 words)
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3．What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________________________________专题 三 │ 真题再现 【文章大意】 本文为新闻报道。报道北磁极向西伯利亚方向移动的原因、移动的速度及其影响。
1．Moving/Migrating. 　通过理解画线词“angling”所在的句子“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”，可判断其关键词是“It(＝ The north magnetic pole)”与“Siberia”，即：北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向“angling”；专题 三 │ 真题再现 再根据“The north magnetic pole ”不难在第二段找到信息句“the north magnetic pole is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field”和第三段找到“the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year”，从而判断答案为“Moving或Migrating”。专题 三 │ 真题再现 2．It could reach Siberia. 　抓住关键词“the middle of the 21 century”可在倒数第二段找到信息句“If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056”，从而可以判断作答。
3．The north magnetic pole is moving faster. 　全文主题句为首段中的“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”，由下文语义逻辑关系可以推断angling即为“移动”之意，再结合全文内容稍加归纳便可归纳作答。专题 三 │ 专题预测 (一)
A husband-and-wife team from California reached the Pacific Ocean after a 4,900-mile cross-country walk, becoming the first to backpack the American Discovery Trail in one continuous walk.专题 三 │ 专题预测 Marcia and Ken Powers started the travel across 13 states, through 14 national parks and 16 national forests on Feb.27 from Delaware. Nearly eight months later, the excited couple walked through water into the Pacific Ocean, a day ahead of time.专题 三 │ 专题预测 We are a little sad that a great adventure is over. It was a fantastic adventure. And now we go home and just do housework. It’s really sad, said Marcia, who is in her 50s. She and her 60-year-old husband traversed cities, desert, mountains and farmland before reaching the Pacific with arms around each other’s backpacks.专题 三 │ 专题预测 They overcame deep snow in the East, a quicksand in Utah, close lightning strikes in the Midwest and strong desert sandstorms in the West while averaging 22 miles a day and taking only four days’ rest. But they enjoyed the French history of St. Louis, the beauty of the Colorado Rockies and the kindness of strangers they met along the way.专题 三 │ 专题预测 They particularly remember two brothers—a doctor and a dentist—who put them up in their homes around.
Chester, Ⅲ., after terrible days, and a motorcyclists who gave them water after they failed to find any on Utah’s lonely Wah Wah desert.专题 三 │ 专题预测 “Americans are truly warm-hearted and wonderful，” Marcia Powers said. “We got to meet people that we would never meet in our daily lives at home. We got to touch it with our feet and hands and smell all its smell and hear its wildlife. It’s a amazing country，” she added.专题 三 │ 专题预测 1．How long did it take the couple to cover 4,900 miles on foot？(no more than 3 words)
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2．Why did the couple hug each other after reaching the Pacific? (no more than 8 words)
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3．Use at least three adjectives to describe the couple’s journey. (no more than 4 words)
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4．What is the best title for the text？(no more than 9 words)
________________________________________________专题 三 │ 专题预测 1．Nearly 8 months. 　根据第二段“Nearly eight months later, the excited couple walked through water into the Pacific Ocean, a day ahead of time.”可判断作答。
2．Because they had finished the cross-country walk.　综合第一、二段可判断作答。
3．Adventurous, tough/challenging/difficult but enjoyable/fantastic/wonderful.　综合第三、四段及最后一段可推断作答。
4．A couple finished a 4,900-mile walk across America　根据全文及首句可判断作答。专题 三 │ 专题预测 (二)
Many of the problems facing today’s world aren’t news to us. The environment is in dire need of help because it’s being damaged, hunger is widespread throughout the world, and workers in the Third World Countries are continuously being exploited. Therefore, individuals across the globe need to band(团结)together for a cause and use their collective efforts to make all the difference in the world.专题 三 │ 专题预测 For instance, one person recycling a can or a bottle doesn’t seem like much. But if every household in a given city was to recycle and conserve energy, that city could make a huge positive impact on environmental damage. Similarly, there are countless ways to help fight world hunger—whether it’s to donate money to a dedicated worldwide charity, donate canned goods to your local charity, or even make lifestyle changes like going vegetarian. World hunger is a massive problem—but it doesn’t mean individuals themselves can’t make a difference. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 Worker exploitation is another huge problem. All across the world—particularly in the Third World Countries—workers are forced to labor long hours, with close to no pay. Yet these workers continue to show up to such a way of life, because they have no other options. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 So, how can people like us help fight such a big problem? Simply raising awareness of the products you buy in stores—from clothing to food—is a massive start. For example, if you see two similar products side by side in a food shop, but one of them is labeled “fair trade”， you’ll know immediately that the workers who labored to produce that product were given a fair price for their goods. And true, fair trade products might cost a little bit more, but buying them is a significant start to help fight worker exploitation. 专题 三 │ 专题预测 In short, each of us should be socially conscious to make a difference to widespread social problems.
1．What problems facing today’s world are mentioned in the first paragraph？(no more than 8 words)
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2．What should be done to fight world hunger? (no more than 15 words)
______________________________________________专题 三 │ 专题预测 3．How is the product which is labeled “fair trade” different from other products? (no more than 13 words)
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4．What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________专题 三 │ 专题预测 1．Environmental damage, world hunger, and worker exploitation. 　根据第一段“Many of the problems facing today’s world aren’t news to us. The environment is in dire need of help because it’s being damaged, hunger is widespread throughout the world, and workers in third world countries are continuously being exploited.”可判断作答。专题 三 │ 专题预测 2．Donating money or canned goods to charities, or making lifestyle changes like going vegetarian. 　根据第二段“Similarly, there are countless ways to help fight world hunger—whether it’s to donate money to a dedicated worldwide charity, donate canned goods to your local charity, or even make lifestyle changes like going vegetarian.”可判断作答。专题 三 │ 专题预测 3．The workers who labored to produce it were given a fair price.　根据倒数第二段“For example, if you see two similar products side by side in a food shop, but one of them is labeled “fair trade”， you’ll know immediately that the workers who labored to produce that product were given a fair price for their goods.”可推断作答。
4．We all should be socially conscious to make a difference to widespread social problems. 　综合全文再根据最后一段可归纳作答。