2011届高考二轮专题复习课件（新课标湖南专用）：阅读简答专题2 说明文

课件28张PPT。专题二　说明文专题 二 │ 说明文专题 二 │ 考题导读 说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作顺序有：时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)，认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，易读易懂。专题 二 │ 真题再现 [2008·湖南]
Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Snow Sculpture Championships. Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete. Teams sculpt for sixty-five hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its sculpture will be judged the best. 专题 二 │ 真题再现 As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity. 专题 二 │ 真题再现 Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后脚)reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(涟漪)and a crab(螃蟹)trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paws(脚爪)touching. 专题 二 │ 真题再现 As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add last-minute detail. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact (视觉效果)of the designs.专题 二 │ 真题再现 In 2006, Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculpture titled “Discovery”. But the competition is not just about medals and ribbons. “It’s not about the prize，” said Rob Neyland, Team USA’s captain. “It’s about touching the audience.”
Every year, as the championship ends, each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design. 专题 二 │ 真题再现 1．What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use? (no more than 6 words)
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2．What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work? (no more than 9 words)
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3．Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (no more than 15 words)
______________________________________________专题 二 │ 真题再现 【文章大意】 本篇为介绍国际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。主要介绍参赛队伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程、冰雕作品的评奖细则以及参赛队伍对锦标赛的体会等。
1．The tools that use electricity. 　抓住问题关键词“tools, not permitted to use ”不难在第二段找到信息句“The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.”由此可判断作答。专题 二 │ 真题再现 2．The things they have seen in daily life. 　抓住问题关键词“ideas for their creative work”可在第三段找到信息句“Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life.”由此可判断作答。
3．Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.　根据第四段提到的评奖细则“The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact of the designs.”可推断作答。专题 二 │ 专题预测 (一)
For more than 40 years, robots have worked in factories, doing jobs too boring or too dangerous for humans. Now, new robots are starting to help humans at home and at work.专题 二 │ 专题预测 It was an exciting night at the Detroit Symphony(交响乐). A special guest was joining the band. The conductor stepped out onto the stage and lifted both arms to direct the musicians. They played a song called “The Impossible Dream”. The audience was amazed. After all, ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old and four feet tall. It’s just one of many robots being developed to perform tasks that humans usually perform.专题 二 │ 专题预测 Japan has more robots than any other country. Four out of every 10 worker robots are there. The Japanese government is spending millions of dollars building even more robots. Why the rush for more electronic helpers? More than one-fifth of Japan’s population is 65 or older, so there are not enough young people in the workforce.专题 二 │ 专题预测 Many of Japan’s robots are designed to interact with people. One Japanese hospital has three shiny robots that help out in the waiting room. They greet patients and give directions. “Robots won’t ever be doctors，” says hospital spokesperson Naoya Narita. “But they can be guides.”
专题 二 │ 专题预测 Since the 1960s, robots have been doing jobs that are too boring or too dangerous for humans. Some stand for long hours in factories, packaging food or putting together cars. Others milk cows on dairy farms all day long. However, these industrial robots don’t look like humans.专题 二 │ 专题预测 Now that robots are moving into our homes, many are starting to look more like us. Trevor Blackwell’s company, Anybots, makes robots. He built a dish-washing robot called Monty. It is as tall as a person and has human-like hands.
Will the robots of the future look more like machines or people? Either way, Blackwell is happy to let them do the chores. “I’d rather have a robot do dishes，” he says. Wouldn’t you?专题 二 │ 专题预测 1．Why did the audience feel shocked at the Detroit Symphony? (no more than 6 words)
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2．What is the reason why the Japanese are building so many robots? (no more than 9 words)
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3．How can the robot Monty help people？(no more than 7 words)
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4．What is the passage mainly about？(no more than 9 words)
________________________________________________专题 二 │ 专题预测 1．Because the conductor is a robot.
根据第二段“The audience was amazed. After all, ASIMO, the conductor, is only eight years old and four feet tall. It’s just one of many robots being developed to perform tasks that humans usually perform.”可判断作答。
2．Lack of enough young people in their workforce. 　根据第三段“More than one-fifth of Japan’s population is 65 or older, so there are not enough young people in the workforce.”可判断作答。专题 二 │ 专题预测 3．It can wash dishes for people. 　根据第六段“He built a dish-washing robot called Monty.”可判断作答。
4．Robots helping humans at home and at work.　综合全文再根据全文主题句“Now, new robots are starting to help humans at home and at work”可归纳作答。专题 二 │ 专题预测 (二)
Small, mountainous and wealthy, with a population of just 7.5 million, Switzerland is well-known for its admirable quality of life in a country that ticks along like clockwork. Its products are sought after the world war over, from its delicious cheese and chocolate to luxurious watches whose timekeeping is as sharp as a Swiss Army Knife, another popular export from this sophisticated Alpine(高山的，阿尔卑斯山的)nation. 专题 二 │ 专题预测 Switzerland’s famed political neutrality(中立), financial power and isolated location, ring-fenced by breathtaking mountains, have enabled it to play a safe but central role in European affairs. The conveniently central location in the middle of Europe has also made Switzerland a favourite meeting place for conventions and international conferences—Geneva, for instance, is the headquarter of the United Nations.专题 二 │ 专题预测 Switzerland is not only a place for professionals, though. As a stylish tourist destination it offers such top ski resorts as Zermatt, Verbier and celebrity-studded(名人云集的)St Moritz, while the white peaks of mountains set against blue skies make a wonderful backdrop for summertime hiking. The ancient capital of Berne provides superb opportunities for sightseeing, shopping and traditional folk entertainment while the largest city, Zurich leads the way in arts, design and nightlife, from opera and world-class theatre to stylish bars and nightclubs.专题 二 │ 专题预测 Switzerland’s unique political model is based on consensus-building, and, considering that the country consists of several culturally different groups speaking different languages (Swiss German, French, Italian and Romansch), its peaceful domestic situation is admirable. And while the Swiss in practice have been neutral in foreign affairs for several centuries, they are increasingly willing to get more involved in world affairs and distribute the skills in democracy and diplomacy they have developed domestically on the international stage. 专题 二 │ 专题预测 Switzerland finally joined the United Nations in 2002, and signed the Schengen Treaty in 2005, showing their support for the European Union.
1．Which city is home to the United Nations？(no more than 3 words)
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2．What are the best-known outdoor activities in Switzerland？(no more than 7 words)
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4．What do you know about the lifestyle in Switzerland? (no more than 7 words)
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专题 二 │ 专题预测 1．Geneva, in Switzerland.　根据第二段“Geneva, for instance, is the headquarter of the United Nations.”可判断作答。
2．(They are)Alpine skiing and summer hiking.　根据第三段“As a stylish tourist destination it offers such top ski resorts …a wonderful backdrop for summertime hiking.”可判断作答。专题 二 │ 专题预测 3．Because they wish to get more involved in world affairs and distribute their policy. 　根据最后一段“And while the Swiss in practice have been neutral in foreign affairs for several centuries, they are increasingly willing to get more involved in world affairs and distribute the skills in democracy and diplomacy they have developed domestically on the international stage.”可判断作答，但要注意浓缩语句。专题 二 │ 专题预测 4．(They enjoy a)Leisurable but regular (lifestyle)．　根据全文的描述，美丽的自然风光、丰富的野外活动、多彩的城市生活等可知人们在那里的生活十分悠闲，但同时根据第一段的that ticks along like clockwork也可推知，生活既悠闲，又有规律。本题需要一定的理解概括能力。