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lesson 1 The Spirit of Explorers
学案
重难点解析
1. They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail.
1) achieve完成 (功绩等); 实现 (目标, 目的等); 获得。
例1：They achieved the victory at last. 他们终于获得了胜利。
例2：She achieved a six-minute mile. 她用6分钟跑完了一英里。
例3：He will never achieve anything if he doesn’t work hard. 他如果不努力工作就永远不会有所成就。
2) set sail张帆, 启航。
例：Mr. Li set sail for Japan yesterday. 李先生昨日乘船启航去了日本。
拓展：关于set的常用句型和短语：
① set an example树立一个榜样
例：Lei Feng set a good example to others. 雷锋给他人树立了一个好的榜样。
② set off出发
例：We set off at dawn. 我们黎明时就动身了。
③ set out出发; 着手开始做
例：The reporter immediately set out to get these important facts as soon as the accident happened. 事故一发生，那位记者就立即着手去采集这些重要的资料。
④ set up建立
例：One of my dreams is to set up my own school. 我有一个梦想是建立属于我自己的学校。
2. … because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.
本句中commit意思是 “犯(错误, 罪行); 干(坏事)”。
1) commit a murder犯谋杀罪
commit suicide自杀
commit sb./oneself to… 承诺; 保证
例：He didn’t commit himself to anything. 他没有做任何承诺。
2) get into trouble招致不幸, 陷入困境。
例1：You’ll get into trouble. 你会遇到麻烦的。
例2：This mistake may get him into trouble. 这个错误可能使他陷入困境。
3. He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland. (P8)
persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth. 劝说某人干某事。
例：He persuaded me to enter / into entering the competition. 他劝我去参加比赛。
拓展：
1) persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of doing sth.劝说某人不要干某事。
2) persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信……
3) advise sb. to do sth. = try to persuade sb. to do sth.. 试图劝说……(强调极力劝说, 但不一定能成功。persuade sb. to do sth.一般指劝说某人做某事已成功) 。
例1：I wasn’t still persuaded of the plan. 我仍然还不相信这个计划。
例2：I tried to persuade him to see a doctor, but he didn’t. 我极力劝说他去看病, 但是他没有去。
4. … of which only 14 made it to Greenland. (P8)
make it意思是 “达到预定目标; 及时抵达; 走完路程”。
例1：They won’t make it, you bet. 他们肯定办不成。
例2：We can make it if we start off now. 现在我们出发还赶得上。
5. … a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric’s party. (P8)
in search of意思是 “寻找”。
例：I’m always in search of someone who can understand me. 我一直在寻找一个能理解我的人。
拓展：
① search sp./sb. “搜查某个地方或某人”
例：He is searching the house. 他正在搜查屋子。
② search … for sth. “查 (某地) 寻找某物”
例：He searched the room for his passport. 他搜查了这个房间想找到他的护照。
③ search for sb./sth.搜查，查找某人或某物。
例：The police searched for clues in that area. 警方在那一带查找线索。
6. … but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land …(P8)
1）a map that shows the courses of the chief rivers 标有主要河流航道的地图
2）find oneself … 表示 “发现自己(处于某状态)；不知不觉地来到……”。
例：I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. 我发现自己在帐篷里不知不觉地呆了一整天。
拓展：
find+宾语+宾补 (分词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语或to be) 等。
例1：A group of children were found playing on the playground. 有人发现一群孩子正在操场上玩耍。
例2：We have found him (to be) a dishonest person. 我们发现他是一个不诚实的孩子。
例3：I find it necessary to get a map while traveling. 我感到旅行的时候有必要搞到一张地图。
7. I suppose it must be. (P11)
suppose表示 “想; 猜测; 认为”。例如：
Well, I suppose aspirin is okay for me. 哦，我想阿司匹林对我管用。
拓展：
1) 假定; 假使
例：Let’s suppose (that) the news is true. 我们假定这消息是真的。
Suppose he is absent, what shall we do 假使他不在，我们怎么办
2) be supposed to (do)“被期望或要求; 应该”，主语是“人”时，意为“应该……”；“被期望……”。它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。
例：Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car. 每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。
当be supposed to... 的主语是“物”时，它表示“本应；本该”，用于表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。例如：
The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago. 火车本应在半小时之前到达。
Unit 7 L3 & L4 重难点解析
1. It’s three times as big underwater. (P12)
Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice. (P12)
这是英语中倍数的表达方式：
① A is N times as great (long, much…) as B.
② A is N-1 times greater (longer, more…) than B.
③ A is N times the size (length, amount, weight, height…) of B.
以上三句应译为: A的大小 (长度、数量等) 是B的N倍。
例：This road is four times longer than that one.
= This road is five times as long as that one.
= This road is five times the length of that one.
2. Especially for younger children. (P12)
especially “尤其；特别”，在句中通常作状语，用来加强语气，后面是要强调的内容。
例：I love the country, especially in spring. 我喜爱乡村, 尤其是在春天。
拓展：specially “特意地；专门地”，在句中通常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
例1: I came here specially to see you. 我是专程来看你的。
例2: I made this specially for your birthday. 这是我特意为你生日而做的。
3. So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. (P14)
本句中tie 意思是 “系”，tie … to …表示 “把某物系到某物上”。
例: I tied the horse to the tree. 我把马系在树上。
拓展：tie是名词, 表示 “领带, 鞋带; 纽带, 关系”。
ties of blood 血缘关系
knot one’s tie 打领带
4. All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.
1) all at once (=suddenly) 表示 “突然”。
例: All at once he burst into tears. 他突然大哭了起来。
2) be covered with表示 “覆盖”之意。
拓展：be covered by和be covered with的区别。
这两个短语都有“由……覆盖”之意，介词by用于被动语态，引出动作的逻辑主语，表动作。with用于主动或被动语态均可，指“用……覆盖／掩盖”，表状态。
例1: When Sanxia Dam was finished, many towns and villages were covered by water. 三峡大坝完工后，许多村镇都被水淹没了。
例2: He covered his face with his hands. 他双手捂着脸。
例3: The mountain tops are covered with snow. 白雪覆盖着山顶。
5. With the wind and waves we were going in the direction of the whirlpool, and nothing could save us.
in the direction of表示“朝……方向”之意。
例: He drove in the direction of the farm. 他开着车向农场的方向驶去。
拓展：
in the right direction向正确方向
in all directions / in every direction四面八方
例: Stones were flying about in every direction. 石块朝四面八方乱飞。
6. As you can see, I did escape.
1)as表示 “正如……”。
例: As we know, the sun rises in the east. 众所周知, 太阳从东方升起。
拓展：as的其它用法:
①“像……一样”。as作连接词引导比较状语从句。
例：There is as much water in this cup as in that one.
② 因为，由于。as表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式。
例：We all like her as she is kind. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。
③ 尽管，虽然。as作为连接词, 引导让步状语从句。这时从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。
例1：Strange as it may seem，it is true．尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。
例2：Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties．不管怎样努力，汤姆还是 摆脱不了困境。
④ 当……时，在……的同时，随着……。
例1：As the year went by, he became older and older. 随着时间的流逝, 他变得越来越老。
例2：As they were leaving，I walked to the door. 他们离开的时候，我向门口走去。
⑤ 当作，作为。
例：He came to China as a tourist five years ago. 五年前, 他作为游客来到中国。
2) 在肯定句中, 助动词 do/does/did用来强调或加强语气。
例：She dose like English. 她确实很喜欢英语。
7. In the end, a boat picked me up.
pick up 表示“承载 (客人，货物等) ”。
例: The taxi-driver stopped to pick up a passenger. 出租车司机停下车来搭载了一名乘客。
拓展：
1) 拿起, 捡起
例: He picked up a book. 他捡起一本书。
2) 收集或聚集
例: He picked up the broken pieces of glass. 他拾起玻璃碎片。
3) 学得或通过学习或经历获得 (知识)
例: She picked up French during her travel to Paris. 她在巴黎旅行期间，学习了法语。
8. … but they were unable to recognize me.
recognize表示 “认出；辨认出”（原来熟悉或听说过的人或事物）, 为瞬间动词, 不可与时间段连用。
例1: I recognized his voice. 我听出了他的声音。
例2: I recognized her as my friend’s daughter. 我认出她是我朋友的女儿。
拓展：
know表示“知道; 认识; 熟悉”的意思。指“知道; 认识” 某人或某物, 为延续性动词, 可与时间段连用。
例1: I knew she was against us. 我知道她反对我们。
例2: We have known each other for many years. 我们相识多年了。
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Lesson 1 The spirit of explorers练习
1. – Is that the small town you often refer to
－Right, just the one _____ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
2. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
3. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ____ of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
4. There war two buildings, ____ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
5. New York, ______ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
6. Alec asked the policeman _____ he worked to contact whenever there was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
7. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ____ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
8. Have you seen the file “Titanic”, _____ leading actor is world famous
A. its B. it’s C. whose D which
9. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
10. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
Answers: C B D D B C C C B C
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