2011高考英语二轮复习课件：专题9 数词和主谓一致（宁海辽黑专版）
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| 名称 | 2011高考英语二轮复习课件：专题9 数词和主谓一致（宁海辽黑专版） |
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| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 109.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2011-01-13 00:00:00 | ||
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课件40张PPT。专题九 数词和主谓一致一、数词
1．基数词的结构特点：
(1)在表达上十位和个位之间要加连字符“－”。
(2)在百位和十位之间要用 and 连接。
(3)千位以上的数从后向前数，每三位加一个逗号。
(4)hundred，thousand，million 等前面有具体数字或 some，several 等修饰时，后面不加“-s”；但当其后跟 of 短语时，要用复数形式。2．序数词的结构特点：
(1)序数词第1～19除了 first，second 和 third 外，其余的大部分都是由基数词后加“-th”构成。
(2)十位数序数词如果含有1～9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，并且中间用连字符连接。
(3)百、千、万等的序数词由 hundred，thousand，million 等后加-th 构成。
(4)序数词前一般要加 the 表示顺序。3．分数、小数、百分数的读法和写法
(1)分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于一时，分母用复数；但要注意整数和分数之间必须用 and 连接。25,6 表示为 two and five sixths。
(2)在读小数时，小数点后面的数字要单独读出。小数点读成 point。
(3)百分数用“基数词＋percent”表示，要注意 percent 不能用复数形式。特别提醒：①1/2一般用 a/one half 表示。
②1/4一般用 a/one quarter 表示。4．表达倍数关系的句式
(1)主语A＋谓语＋倍数程度＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as＋比较对象B。
(2)主语A＋谓语＋倍数程度＋the＋度量名词＋of＋比较对象B。
(3)主语A＋谓语＋倍数程度＋what从句。
(4)主语A＋谓语＋倍数程度＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋比较对象B。
(5)主语A＋谓语＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋比较对象B＋by＋倍数。特别提醒：表达倍数时，一倍用 once，两倍用 twice/double，三倍或三倍以上才用“基数词＋times”表示。二、主谓一致
(一)主谓一致三原则
1．语法一致的原则。即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语若为复数，谓语亦为复数。例如：
He does well in maths.
2．意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。例如：
The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing.
那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。
3．就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。例如：
Either he or I am right.特别提醒：①三个原则虽然不同，但在具体运用中，它们往往是协调的，并不矛盾。例如：
More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形式和意义都是复数)
②当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚持语法一致的原则。例如：
More than one student has passed the driving test.(形式是单数，意义是复数) (二)主谓一致细说
1．谓语用单数时的情况
(1)不可数名词做主语时。例如：
There is a lot of water in the jar.特别提醒：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓语动词与物量词本身的形式一致。例如：
One million tons of oil were produced last year.
(2)不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时。例如：
That she will come here tomorrow is certain.特别提醒：①what 从句做主语时，谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较：
What they want is nothing but a rest.
What he wants are two books.
②当 what 从句表示所说的话或所做的事时，谓语动词应用单数。例如：
What he said has left us much to think about. (3)主语是形单意单的词
①主语若是单数名词，后面尽管跟有 as well as，with，together with，besides，except，but，including，rather than 等引导的短语，谓语仍用单数。例如：
The teacher as well as his students is playing football.
In some parts of the world，tea is served with milk or sugar.
②主语是 each 或单数主语被 each，every 修饰时。例如：
Each of the boys has a pencil box.
Here every student is good at drawing.特别提醒：单数的并列主语被 every，each，no，many a 修饰时，谓语也用单数。例如：
Every desk and chair is new.
Each teacher and each student has been told to attend the meeting after school.特别提醒：each 做主语的同位语时谓语由前面的主语决定。例如：
They each have finished their exercises.
③主语是 either，neither，the other 或主语被 either，neither 修饰时。例如：
Either of the answers is correct.
Neither answer proves to be correct.
④every/some/any/no＋body/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词做主语时。例如：
Nobody is absent.⑤主语是a kind/sort/type of＋单数或复数名词时，因为kind/sort/type 是短语中的中心词，也是信息的焦点，所以，谓语应与其一致。例：This kind of wheat isn't grown in our country.
(4)主语是形复意单的词
①以 s 结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。例如：
The United Nations(联合国) was founded in 1945.
②以 s 结尾的学科名词做主语时。例如：
Physics is taught in all middle schools.
③“One and a half＋复数名词”做主语时。例如：
One and a half days is all I can spare.2．谓语用复数时的情况
(1)主语是形单意复的词
①people，police 等集合名词做主语时。例如：
The police have caught the thieves.
②“the/these/those＋形容词/分词形容词”可以表示一类人，这一结构做主语时。例如：Those wounded were taken good care of.
“the＋形容词”还可表示抽象事物，这时应视做单数。例如：
The beautiful gives pleasure to people.
③“the＋表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民，这一结构做主语时。例如：
The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.(2)主语是形复意复的词
①某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。例如：
Things are getting worse and worse.
The surroundings are usually quiet here.
②“one or two＋复数名词”做主语时。例如：
There are one or two tickets left.③glasses，compasses，trousers 等由两部分连成一体的名词做主语时。例如：
My trousers are worn out.
若前面有 pair 等物量词，则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。例如：
There is a pair of compasses on the desk.
There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired. 3．谓语用单数或复数均有可能
(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时，谓语用单数。例如：
Ten dollars is what he needs.
Twenty kilometres isn't a short distance.
若侧重于一个个的个体，则用复数。例如：
Five years have passed since I joined the League.(2)and 连接并列的名词做主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：
Reading and writing are both very important.
Hard work and plain living (艰苦和朴素) are the fine qualities of a person.
若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同一人、物时，谓语用单数，但这时两个名词前加一个冠词。例如：
The maths teacher and class teacher(班主任数学老师) is very strict with us.
Bread and butter(涂有黄油的面包)is their daily food.
Hard work and plain living(艰苦朴素)is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another. (3)family，class，group，team，crowd，crew，enemy，committee，population 等集合名词做主语时，若强调整个集体，谓语用单数。例如：
The population of China is large.中国人口众多。
若强调集体中的各个成员，谓语用复数。例如：
Nearly 80% of the population of China are farmers.
中国将近百分之八十的人口是农民。 (4)what，which，who，some，any，more，most，all 等词做主语时，谓语动词的数根据实际意义确定。例如：
All is silent.万籁俱寂。(all 指代整个情况、事件时是单数)
All are silent.所有的人都不做声。(all 指代人或物时，是复数)
(5)none 做主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语用单数和复数均可以；若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。 (6)“half of，part of，most of，eighty percent of，one third of，the rest of＋名词/代词”做主语时，谓语根据后面的名词或代词而定。例如：
Most of the people agree with us.
Most of the money is spent on clothes.
(7)单复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意义而定。例如：
All means have been tried.
Every means has been tried.(8)在四则运算中，加法、乘法后面的谓语动词用单、复数均可，减法、除法后面的谓语动词只能用单数。例如：
Three plus three makes/make six.
Thirty-five divided by five is seven. (四)谓语与相邻的那个主语一致
(1)either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but，or 等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的那一个主语一致。例如：
Either you or I am wrong.
Are neither you nor he for the plan?
(2)在 here is，there is 或其他状语提前的倒装句中，谓语动词的形式也适用邻近原则。例如：
Here is a pen and two pieces of paper for you.5．主谓一致的其他情况
(1)在强调结构中，当被强调部分是主语时，从句中的谓语须与被强调词一致。例如：
It is I who am to answer for her safety.
(2)定语从句中的谓语动词在意义上应与先行词一致。例如：
Do you know the girls who are soldiers?
①当先行词为“one of＋名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。例如：
She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.②当先行词为“the(only)one of＋名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。例如：
She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.
(3)“many a/more than one＋单数可数名词”做主语时谓语用单数。例如：
Many a student has joined the League recently.
(4)“the number of＋名词复数”做主语时谓语用单数。
“a number of＋名词复数”做主语时谓语用复数。例如：
The number of the students in our school is larger than that in their school.
A number of people are against the proposal. [名校模拟演练]1．(2010·甘肃天水一中)The exercises are extremely difficult, but half of the class ______ them ahead of time.
A．has already finished B．will finish
C．have already finished D．finishes
解析：考查时态及主谓一致。语意表明谓语动词用现在完成时；class, family, army, government, group, team, staff, committee, nation, company等集合名词作主语强调整体时，谓语用单数，如果强调个体，则用复数。句中强调个体，所以用复数。
答案：C2．(2010·北京海淀)Three quarters of the forest ______ burnt to ashes, and the rest ______ cut down for construction.
A．was; has been B．was; have been
C．have been; is D．are; has been
解析：Three quarters of＋n. 谓语动词取决于名词 the forest, 谓语用单数；第二空 the rest 也指代 forest, 谓语也用单数。
答案：A3．(2010·杭州一中月考)Jane is one of the best students in her class who ______ by their teacher.
A．are praised B．is praised
C．praised D．praise
解析：one of＋复数名词做先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式，且表被动，故选A。
答案：A4．(2010·合肥联考)The population of this area ______ 100 000. Seventy percent of the population ______ natives and the rest ______ from China.
A．is; is; is B．are; are; is
C．is; are; are D．are; is; are
解析：第一空 population 指“人口数量”，谓语动词用单数；第二空 population 指“人”，谓语动词用复数；第三空 the rest 指“其他的人”，谓语动词用复数。
答案：C5．(2010·重庆联考)Soon after feeling the slight shaking, every man, woman and child ______ about the earthquake that night.
A．were talking B．was talking
C．had talked D．talking
解析：every＋单数名词，谓语动词用单数。
答案：B6．(2010·皖中联考)All the employees except the manager ______ to work online at home.
A．encourages B．encourage
C．is encouraged D．are encouraged
解析：except 连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语一致，且表被动，故选D。
答案：D7．(2010·杭州检测)Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A．is B．was
C．are D．were
解析：the League secretary and monitor 指“一个人”，谓语动词用单数。
答案：B8．(2010·皖西检测)The results of the examination ______ that you have all made great ______.
A．show; progress
B．shows; progress
C．show; progresses
D．shows; progresses
解析：第一空主语是 the results, 谓语动词用复数；第二空 progress 是不可数名词，不加 s。
答案：A9．(2010·安庆一中月考)Either your parents or your elder brother ______ to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A．is B．are
C．are going D．have
解析：either...or... 连接并列主语，用就近一致原则，故选A。
答案：A10．(2010·黄冈检测)Neither of the novels which ______ popular with us ______ been translated into Chinese.
A．are; has B．are; had
C．is; have D．is; has
解析：定语从句的先行词是 novels，故从句中谓语用 are；第二空主语是 neither，谓语用 has 或 have 都可以。
答案：A
1．基数词的结构特点：
(1)在表达上十位和个位之间要加连字符“－”。
(2)在百位和十位之间要用 and 连接。
(3)千位以上的数从后向前数，每三位加一个逗号。
(4)hundred，thousand，million 等前面有具体数字或 some，several 等修饰时，后面不加“-s”；但当其后跟 of 短语时，要用复数形式。2．序数词的结构特点：
(1)序数词第1～19除了 first，second 和 third 外，其余的大部分都是由基数词后加“-th”构成。
(2)十位数序数词如果含有1～9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，并且中间用连字符连接。
(3)百、千、万等的序数词由 hundred，thousand，million 等后加-th 构成。
(4)序数词前一般要加 the 表示顺序。3．分数、小数、百分数的读法和写法
(1)分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于一时，分母用复数；但要注意整数和分数之间必须用 and 连接。25,6 表示为 two and five sixths。
(2)在读小数时，小数点后面的数字要单独读出。小数点读成 point。
(3)百分数用“基数词＋percent”表示，要注意 percent 不能用复数形式。特别提醒：①1/2一般用 a/one half 表示。
②1/4一般用 a/one quarter 表示。4．表达倍数关系的句式
(1)主语A＋谓语＋倍数程度＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as＋比较对象B。
(2)主语A＋谓语＋倍数程度＋the＋度量名词＋of＋比较对象B。
(3)主语A＋谓语＋倍数程度＋what从句。
(4)主语A＋谓语＋倍数程度＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋比较对象B。
(5)主语A＋谓语＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋比较对象B＋by＋倍数。特别提醒：表达倍数时，一倍用 once，两倍用 twice/double，三倍或三倍以上才用“基数词＋times”表示。二、主谓一致
(一)主谓一致三原则
1．语法一致的原则。即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语若为复数，谓语亦为复数。例如：
He does well in maths.
2．意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。例如：
The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing.
那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。
3．就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。例如：
Either he or I am right.特别提醒：①三个原则虽然不同，但在具体运用中，它们往往是协调的，并不矛盾。例如：
More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形式和意义都是复数)
②当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚持语法一致的原则。例如：
More than one student has passed the driving test.(形式是单数，意义是复数) (二)主谓一致细说
1．谓语用单数时的情况
(1)不可数名词做主语时。例如：
There is a lot of water in the jar.特别提醒：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓语动词与物量词本身的形式一致。例如：
One million tons of oil were produced last year.
(2)不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时。例如：
That she will come here tomorrow is certain.特别提醒：①what 从句做主语时，谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较：
What they want is nothing but a rest.
What he wants are two books.
②当 what 从句表示所说的话或所做的事时，谓语动词应用单数。例如：
What he said has left us much to think about. (3)主语是形单意单的词
①主语若是单数名词，后面尽管跟有 as well as，with，together with，besides，except，but，including，rather than 等引导的短语，谓语仍用单数。例如：
The teacher as well as his students is playing football.
In some parts of the world，tea is served with milk or sugar.
②主语是 each 或单数主语被 each，every 修饰时。例如：
Each of the boys has a pencil box.
Here every student is good at drawing.特别提醒：单数的并列主语被 every，each，no，many a 修饰时，谓语也用单数。例如：
Every desk and chair is new.
Each teacher and each student has been told to attend the meeting after school.特别提醒：each 做主语的同位语时谓语由前面的主语决定。例如：
They each have finished their exercises.
③主语是 either，neither，the other 或主语被 either，neither 修饰时。例如：
Either of the answers is correct.
Neither answer proves to be correct.
④every/some/any/no＋body/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词做主语时。例如：
Nobody is absent.⑤主语是a kind/sort/type of＋单数或复数名词时，因为kind/sort/type 是短语中的中心词，也是信息的焦点，所以，谓语应与其一致。例：This kind of wheat isn't grown in our country.
(4)主语是形复意单的词
①以 s 结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。例如：
The United Nations(联合国) was founded in 1945.
②以 s 结尾的学科名词做主语时。例如：
Physics is taught in all middle schools.
③“One and a half＋复数名词”做主语时。例如：
One and a half days is all I can spare.2．谓语用复数时的情况
(1)主语是形单意复的词
①people，police 等集合名词做主语时。例如：
The police have caught the thieves.
②“the/these/those＋形容词/分词形容词”可以表示一类人，这一结构做主语时。例如：Those wounded were taken good care of.
“the＋形容词”还可表示抽象事物，这时应视做单数。例如：
The beautiful gives pleasure to people.
③“the＋表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民，这一结构做主语时。例如：
The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.(2)主语是形复意复的词
①某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。例如：
Things are getting worse and worse.
The surroundings are usually quiet here.
②“one or two＋复数名词”做主语时。例如：
There are one or two tickets left.③glasses，compasses，trousers 等由两部分连成一体的名词做主语时。例如：
My trousers are worn out.
若前面有 pair 等物量词，则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。例如：
There is a pair of compasses on the desk.
There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired. 3．谓语用单数或复数均有可能
(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时，谓语用单数。例如：
Ten dollars is what he needs.
Twenty kilometres isn't a short distance.
若侧重于一个个的个体，则用复数。例如：
Five years have passed since I joined the League.(2)and 连接并列的名词做主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：
Reading and writing are both very important.
Hard work and plain living (艰苦和朴素) are the fine qualities of a person.
若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同一人、物时，谓语用单数，但这时两个名词前加一个冠词。例如：
The maths teacher and class teacher(班主任数学老师) is very strict with us.
Bread and butter(涂有黄油的面包)is their daily food.
Hard work and plain living(艰苦朴素)is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another. (3)family，class，group，team，crowd，crew，enemy，committee，population 等集合名词做主语时，若强调整个集体，谓语用单数。例如：
The population of China is large.中国人口众多。
若强调集体中的各个成员，谓语用复数。例如：
Nearly 80% of the population of China are farmers.
中国将近百分之八十的人口是农民。 (4)what，which，who，some，any，more，most，all 等词做主语时，谓语动词的数根据实际意义确定。例如：
All is silent.万籁俱寂。(all 指代整个情况、事件时是单数)
All are silent.所有的人都不做声。(all 指代人或物时，是复数)
(5)none 做主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语用单数和复数均可以；若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。 (6)“half of，part of，most of，eighty percent of，one third of，the rest of＋名词/代词”做主语时，谓语根据后面的名词或代词而定。例如：
Most of the people agree with us.
Most of the money is spent on clothes.
(7)单复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意义而定。例如：
All means have been tried.
Every means has been tried.(8)在四则运算中，加法、乘法后面的谓语动词用单、复数均可，减法、除法后面的谓语动词只能用单数。例如：
Three plus three makes/make six.
Thirty-five divided by five is seven. (四)谓语与相邻的那个主语一致
(1)either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but，or 等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的那一个主语一致。例如：
Either you or I am wrong.
Are neither you nor he for the plan?
(2)在 here is，there is 或其他状语提前的倒装句中，谓语动词的形式也适用邻近原则。例如：
Here is a pen and two pieces of paper for you.5．主谓一致的其他情况
(1)在强调结构中，当被强调部分是主语时，从句中的谓语须与被强调词一致。例如：
It is I who am to answer for her safety.
(2)定语从句中的谓语动词在意义上应与先行词一致。例如：
Do you know the girls who are soldiers?
①当先行词为“one of＋名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。例如：
She is one of the girls who have passed the exam.②当先行词为“the(only)one of＋名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。例如：
She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.
(3)“many a/more than one＋单数可数名词”做主语时谓语用单数。例如：
Many a student has joined the League recently.
(4)“the number of＋名词复数”做主语时谓语用单数。
“a number of＋名词复数”做主语时谓语用复数。例如：
The number of the students in our school is larger than that in their school.
A number of people are against the proposal. [名校模拟演练]1．(2010·甘肃天水一中)The exercises are extremely difficult, but half of the class ______ them ahead of time.
A．has already finished B．will finish
C．have already finished D．finishes
解析：考查时态及主谓一致。语意表明谓语动词用现在完成时；class, family, army, government, group, team, staff, committee, nation, company等集合名词作主语强调整体时，谓语用单数，如果强调个体，则用复数。句中强调个体，所以用复数。
答案：C2．(2010·北京海淀)Three quarters of the forest ______ burnt to ashes, and the rest ______ cut down for construction.
A．was; has been B．was; have been
C．have been; is D．are; has been
解析：Three quarters of＋n. 谓语动词取决于名词 the forest, 谓语用单数；第二空 the rest 也指代 forest, 谓语也用单数。
答案：A3．(2010·杭州一中月考)Jane is one of the best students in her class who ______ by their teacher.
A．are praised B．is praised
C．praised D．praise
解析：one of＋复数名词做先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式，且表被动，故选A。
答案：A4．(2010·合肥联考)The population of this area ______ 100 000. Seventy percent of the population ______ natives and the rest ______ from China.
A．is; is; is B．are; are; is
C．is; are; are D．are; is; are
解析：第一空 population 指“人口数量”，谓语动词用单数；第二空 population 指“人”，谓语动词用复数；第三空 the rest 指“其他的人”，谓语动词用复数。
答案：C5．(2010·重庆联考)Soon after feeling the slight shaking, every man, woman and child ______ about the earthquake that night.
A．were talking B．was talking
C．had talked D．talking
解析：every＋单数名词，谓语动词用单数。
答案：B6．(2010·皖中联考)All the employees except the manager ______ to work online at home.
A．encourages B．encourage
C．is encouraged D．are encouraged
解析：except 连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语一致，且表被动，故选D。
答案：D7．(2010·杭州检测)Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A．is B．was
C．are D．were
解析：the League secretary and monitor 指“一个人”，谓语动词用单数。
答案：B8．(2010·皖西检测)The results of the examination ______ that you have all made great ______.
A．show; progress
B．shows; progress
C．show; progresses
D．shows; progresses
解析：第一空主语是 the results, 谓语动词用复数；第二空 progress 是不可数名词，不加 s。
答案：A9．(2010·安庆一中月考)Either your parents or your elder brother ______ to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A．is B．are
C．are going D．have
解析：either...or... 连接并列主语，用就近一致原则，故选A。
答案：A10．(2010·黄冈检测)Neither of the novels which ______ popular with us ______ been translated into Chinese.
A．are; has B．are; had
C．is; have D．is; has
解析：定语从句的先行词是 novels，故从句中谓语用 are；第二空主语是 neither，谓语用 has 或 have 都可以。
答案：A