2011届高考英语二轮专题复习学案：专题1 语法和词汇知识之名词、冠词和主谓一致（1）（新课标）
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2011版高中英语二轮专题复习学案：
专题一 语法和词汇知识之名词、冠词和主谓一致（1）（新课标）
【备考策略】
1 考情分析
2 解题技巧
【考点分类突破】
1、 名词、冠词和主谓一致
【专题考点】
1 考查名词词义辨析、搭配、名词作定语以及其基本功能，包括数、格等；
2 考查冠词的类指、泛指与特指、零冠词的使用、冠词的特殊搭配与抽象名词具体化；
3 考查主谓一致。
【典例探究】
1、（2010·山东卷·T33）Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：那些患头痛的人将会发现服用了这种药头痛可以得到缓解。relief缓解，减轻；safety 安全；defense 防御；shelter 保护，避难所，躲避处；根据四个名词选项，可判断A项为正确答案。
2、（2010·湖北卷·T22）After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境（after the earthquake）可知，对the homeless families首先应当提供的是住处，因此选择A accommodation 住宿。occupation 职业，占有；equipment 设备；furniture 家具；均不合题意。
3. （2010·北京卷·T35）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second
chance to make __first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意为：对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词；pleasure“愉快，高兴”，通常用作不可数名词。
4、 （2010·湖南卷·T33）Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【解析】选C。考查主谓一致和语态。由于caused后有宾语，故该用主动语态，即可排除A、B。考虑到主语是动名词短语，所以谓语动词该用单数。故选C。句意：在摇滚演唱会上听超响的音乐已对一些青少年造成了听力的丧失。
5、(2010·陕西卷·T 24). It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built
C. was being built D. is being built
【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。根据 “many a + 单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，可排除A、B。根据时间状语at present (目前，现在)，要用现在进行时，所以又可排除C。
【跟踪演练】
1、（2011·江西师大附中模拟） By all _____, you must try every _____ to help him.
A. mean; mean B. means; means C. means; mean D. mean; means
2、（2011·河北正定中学模拟）Hawking is _________success, _________disabled man though he is.
A．a；/ B．/；a C．the；a D．a；the
3、（2011·湖南醴陵二中、醴陵四中模拟） Either you or I ________ going to be in charge of this matter.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
4、（2010·吉林省实验中学二模） A gift is a ____ of what a relationship means to us. The best gifts meet the needs of the receiver.
A. signal B. means C. symbol D. record
5. The lawyer advised him to drop the _______since he stands little chance to win.
A. case B. event C. incident D. affair
6. I’d like him to know that I don’t want to be with him, but he never gets the_________ .
A. message B. news C. information D. word
7. The ________of Jay Chow’s concert made most of the audience present get wild.
A. environment B. influence
C. impression D. atmosphere
8. Frankly speaking, it’s people’s _______to keep their promise that really annoys me.
A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure
9. （2010·吉林省实验中学二模） The warmth of ____ coat will mostly be determined by ____ soft of cloth used
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. a; a
10．（2010·河北省唐山二模）We drank tea and made some small talk in kitchen.
A．a；the B．the；a C．不填；the D．the；不填
11. With his wise thoughts about _______nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in ________history of China. 21世纪教育网
A. 不填; the B. the; the
C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填
12. When a giraffe has ________drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _____water.
A. 不填; 不填 B. a; the
C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the
13. —It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help.
—Maybe. For them _______friendship is mostly ________matter of providing emotional support and spending time together.
A. 不填; the B. the; a
C. 不填; a D. a; the
14. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting ______higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at ______time for 7 years.
A. a; a B. 不填; the
C. the; a D. 不填; 不填
15. （2010·吉林省实验中学二模） More than one answer ____ to the questions.
A. had given B. were given 21世纪教育网
C. has been given D. have been given
16. A lack of ________of cultural differences to local customs can create problems.
A. existence B. revolution
C. awareness D. evidence
17. —Hi, what did our monitor say just now
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube ________asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning.
A. is B. were C. are D. was
18. According to news reports personal _________of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.
A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem
19. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _______severe lack of water worsened by _______factors such as overuse, pollution and drought.
A. the; the B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the D. the; 不填
20. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _____in many fields.
A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests
21. Local people said Israeli troops were seen before dawn Sunday in ______town of Beit Lahiya, _____north of Gaza City.
A. 不填; 不填 B. a; the
C. the; the D. the; 不填
22. Every possible means ________been tried, however, nothing can help _________the poor child from the danger.
A. have; prevent B. has; prevent
C. has; protect D. have; protect
23. —Have you found anything interesting
—None of the information ________particularly useful to me.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
24. —Do the students learn any foreign language in your school
—Yes, more than one _______taught in this school.
A. language is B. language are21世纪教育网
C. language be D. languages are
25. He told me that he had mailed part of the samples and that the rest ________in a few days.
A. was following B. have followed
C. has followed D. were following
26 An experienced doctor usually judges a patient’s illness according to the various________.
A. signs B. symptoms
C. signals D. appearances
27 With his wise thoughts about _______nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in ________history of China.
A. 不填; the B. the; the
C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填
28. A lack of ________of cultural differences to local customs can create problems.
A. existence B. revolution
C. awareness D. evidence
29. The lawyer advised him to drop the _______since he stands little chance to win.
A. case B. event C. incident D. affair
30. When a giraffe has ________drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _____water.
A. 不填; 不填 B. a; the
C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the
31. —Hi, what did our monitor say just now
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube ________asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning.
A. is B. were C. are D. was
32. —It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help.
—Maybe. For them _______friendship is mostly ________matter of providing emotional support and spending time together.
A. 不填; the B. the; a
C. 不填; a D. a; the
33. I’d like him to know that I don’t want to be with him, but he never gets the_________ .
A. message B. news C. information D. word
34. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting ______higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at ______time for 7 years.
A. a; a B. 不填; the
C. the; a D. 不填; 不填
35. The ________of Jay Chow’s concert made most of the audience present get wild.
A. environment B. influence
C. impression D. atmosphere
36. Reading is______ good habit. Stick to it, and you’ll make ________great progress.
A. a; / B. a; a C. the; a D. /; a
37. Frankly speaking, it’s people’s _______to keep their promise that really annoys me.
A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure
38. According to news reports personal _________of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.
A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem
39. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _______severe lack of water worsened by _______factors such as overuse, pollution and drought.
A. the; the B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the D. the; 不填
40. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _____in many fields.
A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests
21世纪教育网
21世纪教育网
答案
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C
5、 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。律师建议他放弃这个案子, 因为他赢的机会很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair琐事, 小事。根据句意可知应选A项。
6【解析】选A。句意为; 我想让他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message为习语, 意为“明白, 理解, 领悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。
7【解析】选D。考查名词的辨析。句意为; 周杰伦音乐会上的气氛让大多数听众发狂。environment环境; influence影响; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大气, 气氛。根据句意选D。
8【解析】选D。句意为; 坦白地讲, 人们不能履行自己的诺言使我很恼火。failure失败; habit习惯; mistake错误; loss损耗, 丧失。9 B 10 C
11【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。nature表示“自然”时, 为不可数名词, 前面不用冠词。第二空处的history后面有修饰成分, 特指“中国历史”, 所以要使用定冠词。
12【解析】选B。考查冠词。have a drink是固定短语; 第二个空是表示特指, 故用定冠词。
13【解析】选C。考查冠词。第一空是泛指, 表示“友谊”, 前面不用冠词; 第二空a matter of表示“一件……的事情, 关于……”, 是特定用法。句意为; 对西方人而言, 友谊大多关于情感支持和共度时光。
14【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定词组, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A项正确。15 C
16【解析】选C。句意为; 缺乏地方习俗之间存在文化差异的意识可能会引发问题。awareness意识; existence存在; revolution革命; evidence证据。
17【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。every. . . and every. . . 结构作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 由此排除B、C两项; 根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知, A项正确。
18【解析】选B。考查名词。句意为; 根据新闻报道, 在美国私人拥有枪支引起了很多麻烦。wealth财富, 财产; possession拥有, 占有; matter问题, 物质; problem问题。
19【解析】选D。考查冠词用法。句意为; 面对因过度用水、污染及干旱因素而恶化的缺水问题, 我们必须采取严厉的措施来保护水资源。第一个空应填定冠词the, 特指严重的缺水问题; 第二个空后的名词factors是复数, 前面一般不用冠词。故D项正确。
20【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为; 中国国家主席胡锦涛和法国总统萨科奇在伦敦会晤, 一致认为中国和法国在许多领域有着共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事务（常用复数）; business企业, 公司, 商店; project工程, 项目; interest爱好, 利益（常用复数）。
21【解析】选D。考查冠词。因为town后面有of Beit Lahiya限定, 因此前面使用定冠词the; north这里是方位副词, 因此前面不用冠词。
22【解析】选C。根据句意; “每种可能的方法都已经尝试了, 然而, 没有什么能保护这个可怜的孩子不受到危险的伤害”。every means是单数, 所以用“has”, 排除A、D两项; 而prevent. . . from. . . 是“阻止某人做某事或阻止某事发生”, 不合题意。
23【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。依据后文的particularly useful可以排除C、D两项。而information又是不可数名词, 所以谓语动词应用单数。
24【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意为; ——你们学校的学生学习外语吗 ——是的。我们学校不止教一种语言
25【解析】选D。考查时态和主谓一致。句意为; 他告诉我部分样品已经寄出, 剩下的（样品）几天后寄出。从时态角度考虑, 本句讲的是过去的事情, 故用过去时, 排除B、C两项; 然后考虑主谓一致原则, the rest相当于the rest of the samples, 表复数, 故谓语动词需用复数形式, 故答案为D。
26【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。sign标记, 迹象, 记号; symptom症状; signal信号; appearance外观, 外表。显然只有B项符合题意, 即医生根据病人的症状判断病情。
27【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。nature表示“自然”时, 为不可数名词, 前面不用冠词。第二空处的history后面有修饰成分, 特指“中国历史”, 所以要使用定冠词。
28【解析】选C。句意为; 缺乏地方习俗之间存在文化差异的意识可能会引发问题。awareness意识; existence存在; revolution革命; evidence证据。
29【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。律师建议他放弃这个案子, 因为他赢的机会很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair琐事, 小事。根据句意可知应选A项。
30【解析】选B。考查冠词。have a drink是固定短语; 第二个空是表示特指, 故用定冠词。
31【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。every. . . and every. . . 结构作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 由此排除B、C两项; 根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知, A项正确。
32【解析】选C。考查冠词。第一空是泛指, 表示“友谊”, 前面不用冠词; 第二空a matter of表示“一件……的事情, 关于……”, 是特定用法。句意为; 对西方人而言, 友谊大多关于情感支持和共度时光。33【解析】选A。句意为; 我想让他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message为习语, 意为“明白, 理解, 领悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。
34【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定词组, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A项正确。
35【解析】选D。考查名词的辨析。句意为; 周杰伦音乐会上的气氛让大多数听众发狂。environment环境; influence影响; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大气, 气氛。根据句意选D。
36 【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一个空用a表示“一个”; progress是不可数名词, 故前面不加冠词, make progress意为“取得进步”。
37【解析】选D 。句意为; 坦白地讲, 人们不能履行自己的诺言使我很恼火。failure失败; habit习惯; mistake错误; loss损耗, 丧失。
38【解析】选B。考查名词。句意为; 根据新闻报道, 在美国私人拥有枪支引起了很多麻烦。wealth财富, 财产; possession拥有, 占有; matter问题, 物质; problem问题。
39【解析】选D。考查冠词用法。句意为; 面对因过度用水、污染及干旱因素而恶化的缺水问题, 我们必须采取严厉的措施来保护水资源。第一个空应填定冠词the, 特指严重的缺水问题; 第二个空后的名词factors是复数, 前面一般不用冠词。故D项正确。
40【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为; 中国国家主席胡锦涛和法国总统萨科奇在伦敦会晤, 一致认为中国和法国在许多领域有着共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事务（常用复数）; business企业, 公司, 商店; project工程, 项目; interest爱好, 利益（常用复数）。
21世纪教育网
【真题在线】
1. （2010·江苏卷·T22）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _____.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
2.（2010·安徽卷·T25）I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond .
A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure
3. （2010·湖北卷·T21）This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area C. range D. circle
4. （2010·江西卷·T 35）.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year.
A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity
5.（2010·四川卷·T 15）. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.
A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are
6. （2010·天津卷·T3）. James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.
A. room B. area C. field D. position
7. （2010·浙江卷·Ｔ16）. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct __ .
A. solution B. target C. measure D. function
8. （2010·江苏卷·T21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for______ new Jiangsu.
A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; a D. the; the
9. （2010·福建卷·T 21）. It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ______pleasure.
A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the
10. （2010·辽宁卷·T22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A．the; the B. 不填; the C．the; 不填 D．a; the
11. (2010·山东卷·T22） If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；a
C. the; a D. the；the
12. （2010·四川卷·T2）. In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a21世纪教育网
13. （2010·浙江卷·T2）. Many lifestyle patterns do such __ great harm to health that they actually speed up __weakening of the human body.
A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /
14. （2010·重庆卷·T27）.Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.
A. a, a B. the, / C. the, / D. a, /
15.（2009·全国卷Ⅰ·T22）Let’s go to ______cinema—that’ll take your mind off the problem for ________while.
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
16.（2009·全国卷Ⅱ·T 14）
What I need is ________book that contains ________ABC of oil painting.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填
C. the; an D. a; the
17.（2009·北京·T 33）The biggest whale is _____blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________9-story building.
A. the; the B. a; a
C. a; the D. the; a
18.（2009·湖北·T 25）Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for______ building.
A. respect B. friendship
C. reputation D. character
19.（2009·湖北·T 26）In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _________for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure
20.（2009·湖南·T 33）
Either you or one of your students _________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
21.（2009·陕西· T 6）What _______pity that you couldn’t be there to receive ______prize!
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
22.（2009·陕西· T 7）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _________visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to
C. was going to D. were going to
23.（2009·陕西· T 20）From their ________on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation
24.（2009·重庆· T 26）Washing machines made by China have won __________worldwide attention and Haier has become ________popular name.
A. a; the B. /; a
C. /; the D. the; a
25.（2009·山东·T 25）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________rising steadily since 1997.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
26.（2009·山东·T 29）
—He says that my new car is a _______of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes [来源:21世纪教育网
A. lack B. load C. question D. waste
27.（2009·福建·T 29）The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any _________when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay B. effort
C. schedule D. consideration
28.（2009·安徽·T 21）We can never expect _______bluer sky unless we create _______less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; the
29.（2009·安徽·T 31）China has got a good ________for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence[来源:21世纪教育网
C. impression D. knowledge
30.（2009·天津·T 1）I’m trying to break the________ of getting up too late.
A. tradition B. convenience
C. habit D. leisure
31.（2009·辽宁·T 26）This area experienced_________ heaviest rainfall in _______month of May.
A. 不填; a B. a; the
C. the; the D. the; a
32.（2009·浙江·T 2）I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ________rough idea of ________project plan.
A. the; a B. 不填; the
C. the; 不填 D. a; the
33.（2009·浙江·T 6）
The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _________to the digital resources of the library.
A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
34. （2009·四川·T 14）In order to find _______better job, he decided to study________ second foreign language.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the
35. （2009·四川· T 17）The teacher together with the students _________discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were
C. are; was D. is; was
答案
1. 【解析】选B。考查名词辨义。句意：那个医生擅于治疗心脏病，并且从来不接受病人的礼物，所以他有非常好的名声。本题考查名词辨义：expectation（期望，预期）；reputation（名声）；contribution（贡献，致力）；civilization（文明）。根据句意选择B项。
2. 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：从Sara还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过过她，她现在已经变得让人认不出了。hearing 听觉；strength强度，力气，力量；recognition 认出，承认； measure 大小，度量单位，范围，程度。
3. 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于有广泛的食物（选择）适合所有口味和收入的人群的需要，这家餐馆已经火了。由定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets可以推定所选词应表示“（选择）范围”，因此选择C。division 分开，分担；area 面积，地区，领域；circle 圆圈，环形物；均不合题意。
4【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。 句意： 去年毕业有驾照的学生达到了20万， 平均每年有4万。an average of 平均； a number of 许多； an amount of 许多, 修饰不可数名词； a quantity of 许多 ，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。根据语境per year 可知此处指的是平均数。
5. 【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。当“名词/代词+介词短语”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数通常取决于名词或代词的单复数，因此第一空的单复数取决于poets；非限制性定语从句的主语是some of whose works，故选项A正确。
6. 【解析】选A。考查名词辨义。句意：詹姆斯把那本杂志从小桌子上拿走，好腾出地方来放电视机。room n(U) 空间，地方；（C）房间，室; area 地区，面积; field田间，领域 ;position 位置，地点; room 在此是不可数名词，空间，地方。make room for 给。。。腾地方。
7. 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。本句意义为：“虽然学校顾问会帮你解释清楚问题，但是他们不会给出任何直接解决的办法。”solution 解决办法，符合语义要求。target目标；measure尺寸，措施；function功能。
8. 【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意：使这儿的来宾印象非常深刻的是，来自各行各业的人都在为建设一个新江苏而努力工作。本题中第一空指“来自各行各业的人”，集体名词people表示泛指，所以其前面不用冠词；第二空指“一个新江苏”，专有名词Jiangsu 前有形容词new，加不定冠词表示泛指，指具有某种性质的物（或者人）。所以选择A项。
9. 【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意为：对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词；pleasure“愉快，高兴”，通常用作不可数名词。
10. 【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000块的岩状物体，其中大约有900块可能掉到地球上。in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。
11. 【解析】选C.。考查冠词用法。句意为：如果我们坐在汽车的前部，我们就会看得更清楚。第一个空the front of the bus指公共汽车内部的前面，此处用the定指；第二空中have a better view 意为“更好地看到”。have a good view of清楚看到，看到......的美景。
【知识拓展】冠词用法的考查常用以下几个命题角度：
（1）不定冠词a/an在句中表示泛指一个；
Shanghai has become a world-class metro.
（2）定冠词表示特指，用于指前面已经提到的人或物以及带有限定成分的名词、某些专有名词等。
With the 2010 World EXPO taking place in Shanghai, the city has become the centre of the world attention.
（3）冠词在某些特定短语中的应用；
I was at a loss what we can do with such a naughty boy.
（4）零冠词用法：在某些物质名词及抽象名词前不使用冠词。
Metal has replaced wood in constructing high buildings.
（5）抽象名词具体化用法：在某些名词如success, failure, surprise, disappointment, shock等用于指一件……事或一个……的人，常在其前加a/an.
What a disappointment it was to learn that he had turned down our request.
12. 【解析】选D。考查冠词。most countries此处表示泛指，most前不加定冠词the；start在句中的意思是“起点”，是可数名词，故选项D正确。[来源:21世纪教育网
13. 【解析】选B。 考查冠词的用法。第一个空格中的“do harm to…”为固定搭配，中间不用冠词，第二个空格后由于有of引导的后置定语，所以weakening前加the予以限定。
14. 【解析】选D。句意：任何事情都是要付出代价的,在这个世界上并没有免费的午餐。price是可数名词单数形式，表泛指须要加不定冠词a，no such thing 是固定搭配，不用冠词，结构是no such+名词：no such person，no such book。
15【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意为：让我们去看场电影吧——那将会让你暂时放下头脑中的问题。go to the cinema去看电影, 是固定短语; for a while/a moment/an instant表示“（动作或状态持续）一会儿”。
16【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意为：我需要一本油画基础方面的书。第一空表示泛指, 填不定冠词a; the ABC of. . . “……的基础知识”, 用the表特指。
17【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意为：最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸, 可以长到大约29米长——相当于一座九层楼的高度。前一空格处是“the+单数可数名词”表类指; 后一个空格处是泛指。
18【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为：独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康。它也有助于品格的培养。character性格, 品质; character building品格培养, 符合语境。respect尊重; friendship友谊; reputation名声。
19【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。由句意可知下课铃响, 老师合上课本, 就是我们要起立的信号。signal表示“信号, 标志”, 符合题意。chance机会; mark记号; measure尺度; 措施。
20【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。either. . . or. . . 连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 谓语单复数依其最近的名词或代词确定。
21【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意为：你没能去领奖, 真是遗憾。该句是感叹句, What a pity that. . . 为固定句型, 所以第一空用不定冠词a; 而第二空依据语境应该是谈话双方都知道的事物, 所以用定冠词the。
22【解析】选A。考查时态和主谓一致。依据时间状语this summer可知, 这里应该用一般将来时, 当主语后有with, together with, as well as, but, except等词时, 谓语动词跟介词（短语）之前的名词或代词的单复数一致, 所以A项正确。
23【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意为：从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置, 游客们可以更好地观看这座城市。position位置, 职位; stage（进展的）阶段, 时期; condition情况, 条件; situation情况, 形势, 情景。根据句意用position。
24【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意为：中国制造的洗衣机赢得了世界的关注, 海尔已成为大众喜爱的一个品牌名称。attention是不可数名词, 而且在本题中是泛指的概念, 因此第一空不用冠词; 第二空处用不定冠词a表示泛指, 意为“某一, 一个”, 即海尔成了一个知名品牌。
25【解析】选C。考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构和句意可知, the number为主语, 谓语应用单数形式; 再由since可知应选择现在完成时, 故答案为C项。
26【解析】选D。考查名词。通过下文“难道你不认为那些话是吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸吗？”可知, 前句的意思是“他说我的新车是浪费钱”, 故选D项。waste浪费; lack缺乏; load负担, 负荷; question问题。
27【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：当甲型H1N1病毒在2009年4月袭击墨西哥的时候, 世界卫生组织立刻给公众发出了警告。delay耽搁, without delay“立刻, 赶紧”。effort努力; schedule时间表; consideration考虑。
28【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意为：如果我们不能创建一个污染越来越少的世界, 就永远不要期待有一片更蓝的天空。句中sky与world都表示泛指, a表示“一”这个数量, 相当于“one”。
29 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：中国在抗击流感中因细致与平稳的安排获得很好的名誉。reputation名声, 名誉; influence影响, 权力, 势力; impression印象, 意念; knowledge知识。
30【解析】选C。考查名词。句意为：我正试图改掉起床太晚的坏习惯。habit习惯; tradition传统; convenience方便, 便利; leisure闲暇; 空闲。
31【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意为：这个地区在五月经历了最大的降雨量。第一空用定冠词, 因为heaviest为最高级; 第二空用定冠词, 表示特指“五月”。
32【解析】选D。考查冠词的用法。have got a rough idea of“大致了解”, 故第一空用不定冠词; 第二空特指彼此都知道的“project plan”, 用定冠词。
33【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的数码资源。give access to. . . 表示“能得到, 能进入”, 所以选A。
34【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意为：为了找一份更好的工作, 他决定再学一门外语。第一空用不定冠词表泛指, 表示“一份更好的工作”, 第二空用不定冠词与序数词second连用, 表示“又一”。
35【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意为：老师和同学们在讨论美国刚出版的《阅读技巧》一书。主语后接由with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, together with, including, in addition to等构成的短语时, 谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致; 书名、剧名、报名、国名、地名等作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数形式。题中Reading Skills为书名。
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
2011版高中英语二轮专题复习学案：
专题一 语法和词汇知识之名词、冠词和主谓一致（1）（新课标）
【备考策略】
1 考情分析
2 解题技巧
【考点分类突破】
1、 名词、冠词和主谓一致
【专题考点】
1 考查名词词义辨析、搭配、名词作定语以及其基本功能，包括数、格等；
2 考查冠词的类指、泛指与特指、零冠词的使用、冠词的特殊搭配与抽象名词具体化；
3 考查主谓一致。
【典例探究】
1、（2010·山东卷·T33）Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：那些患头痛的人将会发现服用了这种药头痛可以得到缓解。relief缓解，减轻；safety 安全；defense 防御；shelter 保护，避难所，躲避处；根据四个名词选项，可判断A项为正确答案。
2、（2010·湖北卷·T22）After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。由语境（after the earthquake）可知，对the homeless families首先应当提供的是住处，因此选择A accommodation 住宿。occupation 职业，占有；equipment 设备；furniture 家具；均不合题意。
3. （2010·北京卷·T35）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second
chance to make __first impression.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意为：对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词；pleasure“愉快，高兴”，通常用作不可数名词。
4、 （2010·湖南卷·T33）Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【解析】选C。考查主谓一致和语态。由于caused后有宾语，故该用主动语态，即可排除A、B。考虑到主语是动名词短语，所以谓语动词该用单数。故选C。句意：在摇滚演唱会上听超响的音乐已对一些青少年造成了听力的丧失。
5、(2010·陕西卷·T 24). It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built
C. was being built D. is being built
【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。根据 “many a + 单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，可排除A、B。根据时间状语at present (目前，现在)，要用现在进行时，所以又可排除C。
【跟踪演练】
1、（2011·江西师大附中模拟） By all _____, you must try every _____ to help him.
A. mean; mean B. means; means C. means; mean D. mean; means
2、（2011·河北正定中学模拟）Hawking is _________success, _________disabled man though he is.
A．a；/ B．/；a C．the；a D．a；the
3、（2011·湖南醴陵二中、醴陵四中模拟） Either you or I ________ going to be in charge of this matter.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
4、（2010·吉林省实验中学二模） A gift is a ____ of what a relationship means to us. The best gifts meet the needs of the receiver.
A. signal B. means C. symbol D. record
5. The lawyer advised him to drop the _______since he stands little chance to win.
A. case B. event C. incident D. affair
6. I’d like him to know that I don’t want to be with him, but he never gets the_________ .
A. message B. news C. information D. word
7. The ________of Jay Chow’s concert made most of the audience present get wild.
A. environment B. influence
C. impression D. atmosphere
8. Frankly speaking, it’s people’s _______to keep their promise that really annoys me.
A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure
9. （2010·吉林省实验中学二模） The warmth of ____ coat will mostly be determined by ____ soft of cloth used
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. a; a
10．（2010·河北省唐山二模）We drank tea and made some small talk in kitchen.
A．a；the B．the；a C．不填；the D．the；不填
11. With his wise thoughts about _______nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in ________history of China. 21世纪教育网
A. 不填; the B. the; the
C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填
12. When a giraffe has ________drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _____water.
A. 不填; 不填 B. a; the
C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the
13. —It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help.
—Maybe. For them _______friendship is mostly ________matter of providing emotional support and spending time together.
A. 不填; the B. the; a
C. 不填; a D. a; the
14. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting ______higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at ______time for 7 years.
A. a; a B. 不填; the
C. the; a D. 不填; 不填
15. （2010·吉林省实验中学二模） More than one answer ____ to the questions.
A. had given B. were given 21世纪教育网
C. has been given D. have been given
16. A lack of ________of cultural differences to local customs can create problems.
A. existence B. revolution
C. awareness D. evidence
17. —Hi, what did our monitor say just now
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube ________asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning.
A. is B. were C. are D. was
18. According to news reports personal _________of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.
A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem
19. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _______severe lack of water worsened by _______factors such as overuse, pollution and drought.
A. the; the B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the D. the; 不填
20. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _____in many fields.
A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests
21. Local people said Israeli troops were seen before dawn Sunday in ______town of Beit Lahiya, _____north of Gaza City.
A. 不填; 不填 B. a; the
C. the; the D. the; 不填
22. Every possible means ________been tried, however, nothing can help _________the poor child from the danger.
A. have; prevent B. has; prevent
C. has; protect D. have; protect
23. —Have you found anything interesting
—None of the information ________particularly useful to me.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
24. —Do the students learn any foreign language in your school
—Yes, more than one _______taught in this school.
A. language is B. language are21世纪教育网
C. language be D. languages are
25. He told me that he had mailed part of the samples and that the rest ________in a few days.
A. was following B. have followed
C. has followed D. were following
26 An experienced doctor usually judges a patient’s illness according to the various________.
A. signs B. symptoms
C. signals D. appearances
27 With his wise thoughts about _______nature and the world, Confucius is a great thinker in ________history of China.
A. 不填; the B. the; the
C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填
28. A lack of ________of cultural differences to local customs can create problems.
A. existence B. revolution
C. awareness D. evidence
29. The lawyer advised him to drop the _______since he stands little chance to win.
A. case B. event C. incident D. affair
30. When a giraffe has ________drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart to reach _____water.
A. 不填; 不填 B. a; the
C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the
31. —Hi, what did our monitor say just now
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube ________asked to be at the school gate before 6; 30 in the morning.
A. is B. were C. are D. was
32. —It seems that Westerners seldom give their friends financial help.
—Maybe. For them _______friendship is mostly ________matter of providing emotional support and spending time together.
A. 不填; the B. the; a
C. 不填; a D. a; the
33. I’d like him to know that I don’t want to be with him, but he never gets the_________ .
A. message B. news C. information D. word
34. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting ______higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at ______time for 7 years.
A. a; a B. 不填; the
C. the; a D. 不填; 不填
35. The ________of Jay Chow’s concert made most of the audience present get wild.
A. environment B. influence
C. impression D. atmosphere
36. Reading is______ good habit. Stick to it, and you’ll make ________great progress.
A. a; / B. a; a C. the; a D. /; a
37. Frankly speaking, it’s people’s _______to keep their promise that really annoys me.
A. habit B. mistake C. loss D. failure
38. According to news reports personal _________of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.
A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem
39. We must take strict measures to preserve water resources in the face of _______severe lack of water worsened by _______factors such as overuse, pollution and drought.
A. the; the B. a; 不填
C. 不填; the D. the; 不填
40. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Sarkozy met in London and agreed China and France have common _____in many fields.
A. affairs B. businesses C. projects D. interests
21世纪教育网
21世纪教育网
答案
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C
5、 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。律师建议他放弃这个案子, 因为他赢的机会很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair琐事, 小事。根据句意可知应选A项。
6【解析】选A。句意为; 我想让他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message为习语, 意为“明白, 理解, 领悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。
7【解析】选D。考查名词的辨析。句意为; 周杰伦音乐会上的气氛让大多数听众发狂。environment环境; influence影响; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大气, 气氛。根据句意选D。
8【解析】选D。句意为; 坦白地讲, 人们不能履行自己的诺言使我很恼火。failure失败; habit习惯; mistake错误; loss损耗, 丧失。9 B 10 C
11【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。nature表示“自然”时, 为不可数名词, 前面不用冠词。第二空处的history后面有修饰成分, 特指“中国历史”, 所以要使用定冠词。
12【解析】选B。考查冠词。have a drink是固定短语; 第二个空是表示特指, 故用定冠词。
13【解析】选C。考查冠词。第一空是泛指, 表示“友谊”, 前面不用冠词; 第二空a matter of表示“一件……的事情, 关于……”, 是特定用法。句意为; 对西方人而言, 友谊大多关于情感支持和共度时光。
14【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定词组, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A项正确。15 C
16【解析】选C。句意为; 缺乏地方习俗之间存在文化差异的意识可能会引发问题。awareness意识; existence存在; revolution革命; evidence证据。
17【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。every. . . and every. . . 结构作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 由此排除B、C两项; 根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知, A项正确。
18【解析】选B。考查名词。句意为; 根据新闻报道, 在美国私人拥有枪支引起了很多麻烦。wealth财富, 财产; possession拥有, 占有; matter问题, 物质; problem问题。
19【解析】选D。考查冠词用法。句意为; 面对因过度用水、污染及干旱因素而恶化的缺水问题, 我们必须采取严厉的措施来保护水资源。第一个空应填定冠词the, 特指严重的缺水问题; 第二个空后的名词factors是复数, 前面一般不用冠词。故D项正确。
20【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为; 中国国家主席胡锦涛和法国总统萨科奇在伦敦会晤, 一致认为中国和法国在许多领域有着共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事务（常用复数）; business企业, 公司, 商店; project工程, 项目; interest爱好, 利益（常用复数）。
21【解析】选D。考查冠词。因为town后面有of Beit Lahiya限定, 因此前面使用定冠词the; north这里是方位副词, 因此前面不用冠词。
22【解析】选C。根据句意; “每种可能的方法都已经尝试了, 然而, 没有什么能保护这个可怜的孩子不受到危险的伤害”。every means是单数, 所以用“has”, 排除A、D两项; 而prevent. . . from. . . 是“阻止某人做某事或阻止某事发生”, 不合题意。
23【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。依据后文的particularly useful可以排除C、D两项。而information又是不可数名词, 所以谓语动词应用单数。
24【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意为; ——你们学校的学生学习外语吗 ——是的。我们学校不止教一种语言
25【解析】选D。考查时态和主谓一致。句意为; 他告诉我部分样品已经寄出, 剩下的（样品）几天后寄出。从时态角度考虑, 本句讲的是过去的事情, 故用过去时, 排除B、C两项; 然后考虑主谓一致原则, the rest相当于the rest of the samples, 表复数, 故谓语动词需用复数形式, 故答案为D。
26【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。sign标记, 迹象, 记号; symptom症状; signal信号; appearance外观, 外表。显然只有B项符合题意, 即医生根据病人的症状判断病情。
27【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。nature表示“自然”时, 为不可数名词, 前面不用冠词。第二空处的history后面有修饰成分, 特指“中国历史”, 所以要使用定冠词。
28【解析】选C。句意为; 缺乏地方习俗之间存在文化差异的意识可能会引发问题。awareness意识; existence存在; revolution革命; evidence证据。
29【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。律师建议他放弃这个案子, 因为他赢的机会很小。case案例, 案子; event重大事件; incident事件; affair琐事, 小事。根据句意可知应选A项。
30【解析】选B。考查冠词。have a drink是固定短语; 第二个空是表示特指, 故用定冠词。
31【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。every. . . and every. . . 结构作主语时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式, 由此排除B、C两项; 根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知, A项正确。
32【解析】选C。考查冠词。第一空是泛指, 表示“友谊”, 前面不用冠词; 第二空a matter of表示“一件……的事情, 关于……”, 是特定用法。句意为; 对西方人而言, 友谊大多关于情感支持和共度时光。33【解析】选A。句意为; 我想让他知道我不想和他在一起, 但他就是不明白我的意思。get the message为习语, 意为“明白, 理解, 领悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）”。
34【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一空表泛指; 第二空at a time是固定词组, 表示“每次, 依次”。所以A项正确。
35【解析】选D。考查名词的辨析。句意为; 周杰伦音乐会上的气氛让大多数听众发狂。environment环境; influence影响; impression印象, 感想; atmosphere大气, 气氛。根据句意选D。
36 【解析】选A。考查冠词。第一个空用a表示“一个”; progress是不可数名词, 故前面不加冠词, make progress意为“取得进步”。
37【解析】选D 。句意为; 坦白地讲, 人们不能履行自己的诺言使我很恼火。failure失败; habit习惯; mistake错误; loss损耗, 丧失。
38【解析】选B。考查名词。句意为; 根据新闻报道, 在美国私人拥有枪支引起了很多麻烦。wealth财富, 财产; possession拥有, 占有; matter问题, 物质; problem问题。
39【解析】选D。考查冠词用法。句意为; 面对因过度用水、污染及干旱因素而恶化的缺水问题, 我们必须采取严厉的措施来保护水资源。第一个空应填定冠词the, 特指严重的缺水问题; 第二个空后的名词factors是复数, 前面一般不用冠词。故D项正确。
40【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为; 中国国家主席胡锦涛和法国总统萨科奇在伦敦会晤, 一致认为中国和法国在许多领域有着共同的利益。affair事情, 公共事务（常用复数）; business企业, 公司, 商店; project工程, 项目; interest爱好, 利益（常用复数）。
21世纪教育网
【真题在线】
1. （2010·江苏卷·T22）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _____.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
2.（2010·安徽卷·T25）I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond .
A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure
3. （2010·湖北卷·T21）This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area C. range D. circle
4. （2010·江西卷·T 35）.Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year.
A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity
5.（2010·四川卷·T 15）. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.
A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are
6. （2010·天津卷·T3）. James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.
A. room B. area C. field D. position
7. （2010·浙江卷·Ｔ16）. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct __ .
A. solution B. target C. measure D. function
8. （2010·江苏卷·T21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for______ new Jiangsu.
A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; a D. the; the
9. （2010·福建卷·T 21）. It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ______pleasure.
A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the
10. （2010·辽宁卷·T22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
A．the; the B. 不填; the C．the; 不填 D．a; the
11. (2010·山东卷·T22） If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；a
C. the; a D. the；the
12. （2010·四川卷·T2）. In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a21世纪教育网
13. （2010·浙江卷·T2）. Many lifestyle patterns do such __ great harm to health that they actually speed up __weakening of the human body.
A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /
14. （2010·重庆卷·T27）.Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.
A. a, a B. the, / C. the, / D. a, /
15.（2009·全国卷Ⅰ·T22）Let’s go to ______cinema—that’ll take your mind off the problem for ________while.
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
16.（2009·全国卷Ⅱ·T 14）
What I need is ________book that contains ________ABC of oil painting.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填
C. the; an D. a; the
17.（2009·北京·T 33）The biggest whale is _____blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________9-story building.
A. the; the B. a; a
C. a; the D. the; a
18.（2009·湖北·T 25）Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for______ building.
A. respect B. friendship
C. reputation D. character
19.（2009·湖北·T 26）In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _________for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure
20.（2009·湖南·T 33）
Either you or one of your students _________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
21.（2009·陕西· T 6）What _______pity that you couldn’t be there to receive ______prize!
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
22.（2009·陕西· T 7）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _________visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to
C. was going to D. were going to
23.（2009·陕西· T 20）From their ________on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation
24.（2009·重庆· T 26）Washing machines made by China have won __________worldwide attention and Haier has become ________popular name.
A. a; the B. /; a
C. /; the D. the; a
25.（2009·山东·T 25）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________rising steadily since 1997.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
26.（2009·山东·T 29）
—He says that my new car is a _______of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes [来源:21世纪教育网
A. lack B. load C. question D. waste
27.（2009·福建·T 29）The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any _________when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay B. effort
C. schedule D. consideration
28.（2009·安徽·T 21）We can never expect _______bluer sky unless we create _______less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; the
29.（2009·安徽·T 31）China has got a good ________for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence[来源:21世纪教育网
C. impression D. knowledge
30.（2009·天津·T 1）I’m trying to break the________ of getting up too late.
A. tradition B. convenience
C. habit D. leisure
31.（2009·辽宁·T 26）This area experienced_________ heaviest rainfall in _______month of May.
A. 不填; a B. a; the
C. the; the D. the; a
32.（2009·浙江·T 2）I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ________rough idea of ________project plan.
A. the; a B. 不填; the
C. the; 不填 D. a; the
33.（2009·浙江·T 6）
The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _________to the digital resources of the library.
A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
34. （2009·四川·T 14）In order to find _______better job, he decided to study________ second foreign language.
A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the
35. （2009·四川· T 17）The teacher together with the students _________discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were
C. are; was D. is; was
答案
1. 【解析】选B。考查名词辨义。句意：那个医生擅于治疗心脏病，并且从来不接受病人的礼物，所以他有非常好的名声。本题考查名词辨义：expectation（期望，预期）；reputation（名声）；contribution（贡献，致力）；civilization（文明）。根据句意选择B项。
2. 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：从Sara还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过过她，她现在已经变得让人认不出了。hearing 听觉；strength强度，力气，力量；recognition 认出，承认； measure 大小，度量单位，范围，程度。
3. 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于有广泛的食物（选择）适合所有口味和收入的人群的需要，这家餐馆已经火了。由定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets可以推定所选词应表示“（选择）范围”，因此选择C。division 分开，分担；area 面积，地区，领域；circle 圆圈，环形物；均不合题意。
4【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。 句意： 去年毕业有驾照的学生达到了20万， 平均每年有4万。an average of 平均； a number of 许多； an amount of 许多, 修饰不可数名词； a quantity of 许多 ，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。根据语境per year 可知此处指的是平均数。
5. 【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。当“名词/代词+介词短语”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数通常取决于名词或代词的单复数，因此第一空的单复数取决于poets；非限制性定语从句的主语是some of whose works，故选项A正确。
6. 【解析】选A。考查名词辨义。句意：詹姆斯把那本杂志从小桌子上拿走，好腾出地方来放电视机。room n(U) 空间，地方；（C）房间，室; area 地区，面积; field田间，领域 ;position 位置，地点; room 在此是不可数名词，空间，地方。make room for 给。。。腾地方。
7. 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。本句意义为：“虽然学校顾问会帮你解释清楚问题，但是他们不会给出任何直接解决的办法。”solution 解决办法，符合语义要求。target目标；measure尺寸，措施；function功能。
8. 【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意：使这儿的来宾印象非常深刻的是，来自各行各业的人都在为建设一个新江苏而努力工作。本题中第一空指“来自各行各业的人”，集体名词people表示泛指，所以其前面不用冠词；第二空指“一个新江苏”，专有名词Jiangsu 前有形容词new，加不定冠词表示泛指，指具有某种性质的物（或者人）。所以选择A项。
9. 【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意为：对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词；pleasure“愉快，高兴”，通常用作不可数名词。
10. 【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000块的岩状物体，其中大约有900块可能掉到地球上。in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。
11. 【解析】选C.。考查冠词用法。句意为：如果我们坐在汽车的前部，我们就会看得更清楚。第一个空the front of the bus指公共汽车内部的前面，此处用the定指；第二空中have a better view 意为“更好地看到”。have a good view of清楚看到，看到......的美景。
【知识拓展】冠词用法的考查常用以下几个命题角度：
（1）不定冠词a/an在句中表示泛指一个；
Shanghai has become a world-class metro.
（2）定冠词表示特指，用于指前面已经提到的人或物以及带有限定成分的名词、某些专有名词等。
With the 2010 World EXPO taking place in Shanghai, the city has become the centre of the world attention.
（3）冠词在某些特定短语中的应用；
I was at a loss what we can do with such a naughty boy.
（4）零冠词用法：在某些物质名词及抽象名词前不使用冠词。
Metal has replaced wood in constructing high buildings.
（5）抽象名词具体化用法：在某些名词如success, failure, surprise, disappointment, shock等用于指一件……事或一个……的人，常在其前加a/an.
What a disappointment it was to learn that he had turned down our request.
12. 【解析】选D。考查冠词。most countries此处表示泛指，most前不加定冠词the；start在句中的意思是“起点”，是可数名词，故选项D正确。[来源:21世纪教育网
13. 【解析】选B。 考查冠词的用法。第一个空格中的“do harm to…”为固定搭配，中间不用冠词，第二个空格后由于有of引导的后置定语，所以weakening前加the予以限定。
14. 【解析】选D。句意：任何事情都是要付出代价的,在这个世界上并没有免费的午餐。price是可数名词单数形式，表泛指须要加不定冠词a，no such thing 是固定搭配，不用冠词，结构是no such+名词：no such person，no such book。
15【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意为：让我们去看场电影吧——那将会让你暂时放下头脑中的问题。go to the cinema去看电影, 是固定短语; for a while/a moment/an instant表示“（动作或状态持续）一会儿”。
16【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意为：我需要一本油画基础方面的书。第一空表示泛指, 填不定冠词a; the ABC of. . . “……的基础知识”, 用the表特指。
17【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意为：最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸, 可以长到大约29米长——相当于一座九层楼的高度。前一空格处是“the+单数可数名词”表类指; 后一个空格处是泛指。
18【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意为：独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康。它也有助于品格的培养。character性格, 品质; character building品格培养, 符合语境。respect尊重; friendship友谊; reputation名声。
19【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。由句意可知下课铃响, 老师合上课本, 就是我们要起立的信号。signal表示“信号, 标志”, 符合题意。chance机会; mark记号; measure尺度; 措施。
20【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。either. . . or. . . 连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 谓语单复数依其最近的名词或代词确定。
21【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意为：你没能去领奖, 真是遗憾。该句是感叹句, What a pity that. . . 为固定句型, 所以第一空用不定冠词a; 而第二空依据语境应该是谈话双方都知道的事物, 所以用定冠词the。
22【解析】选A。考查时态和主谓一致。依据时间状语this summer可知, 这里应该用一般将来时, 当主语后有with, together with, as well as, but, except等词时, 谓语动词跟介词（短语）之前的名词或代词的单复数一致, 所以A项正确。
23【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意为：从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置, 游客们可以更好地观看这座城市。position位置, 职位; stage（进展的）阶段, 时期; condition情况, 条件; situation情况, 形势, 情景。根据句意用position。
24【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意为：中国制造的洗衣机赢得了世界的关注, 海尔已成为大众喜爱的一个品牌名称。attention是不可数名词, 而且在本题中是泛指的概念, 因此第一空不用冠词; 第二空处用不定冠词a表示泛指, 意为“某一, 一个”, 即海尔成了一个知名品牌。
25【解析】选C。考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构和句意可知, the number为主语, 谓语应用单数形式; 再由since可知应选择现在完成时, 故答案为C项。
26【解析】选D。考查名词。通过下文“难道你不认为那些话是吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸吗？”可知, 前句的意思是“他说我的新车是浪费钱”, 故选D项。waste浪费; lack缺乏; load负担, 负荷; question问题。
27【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：当甲型H1N1病毒在2009年4月袭击墨西哥的时候, 世界卫生组织立刻给公众发出了警告。delay耽搁, without delay“立刻, 赶紧”。effort努力; schedule时间表; consideration考虑。
28【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意为：如果我们不能创建一个污染越来越少的世界, 就永远不要期待有一片更蓝的天空。句中sky与world都表示泛指, a表示“一”这个数量, 相当于“one”。
29 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：中国在抗击流感中因细致与平稳的安排获得很好的名誉。reputation名声, 名誉; influence影响, 权力, 势力; impression印象, 意念; knowledge知识。
30【解析】选C。考查名词。句意为：我正试图改掉起床太晚的坏习惯。habit习惯; tradition传统; convenience方便, 便利; leisure闲暇; 空闲。
31【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意为：这个地区在五月经历了最大的降雨量。第一空用定冠词, 因为heaviest为最高级; 第二空用定冠词, 表示特指“五月”。
32【解析】选D。考查冠词的用法。have got a rough idea of“大致了解”, 故第一空用不定冠词; 第二空特指彼此都知道的“project plan”, 用定冠词。
33【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的数码资源。give access to. . . 表示“能得到, 能进入”, 所以选A。
34【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意为：为了找一份更好的工作, 他决定再学一门外语。第一空用不定冠词表泛指, 表示“一份更好的工作”, 第二空用不定冠词与序数词second连用, 表示“又一”。
35【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意为：老师和同学们在讨论美国刚出版的《阅读技巧》一书。主语后接由with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, together with, including, in addition to等构成的短语时, 谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致; 书名、剧名、报名、国名、地名等作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数形式。题中Reading Skills为书名。
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