Unit1 Living well（1）
重 点
单 词
1．disability n. 伤残；无力；无能→disabled adj. 伤残的→ability n. 能力；才能
2．ambition n. 雄心；野心→ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有野心的
3．noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的→noise n. 声音；噪音→noiseless adj. 没有噪音的；不出声的
4．suitable adj. 适合的；适宜的→suitability n. 合适；适合→suitably adv. 合适地；适宜地
5．beneficial adj. 有益的；受益的→benefit vt. & vi. 有益于，得益→benefit n. 益处，好处
6．adapt vt. 使适应；改编→adaptation n. 适应；改编→adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；能适应的
7．absence n. 缺席；不在某处→absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的
8．annoy vt. 使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj. 颇为生气的→annoying adj. 令人不悦的
9．encouragement n. 鼓励；奖励→encourage v. 支持；激励；鼓动→encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的→discourage v. 阻拦；劝阻；使丧失信心→discouragement n. 泄气；灰心
10．conduct n. 行为；品行→conduct vt. 指挥；管理；主持→conductor n. (乐队)指挥；售票员，列车长；导体
重 要
短 语
1．克服这些困难 overcome these difficulties 2．换句话说 in other words
3．适合，适应 adapt to 4．梦想 dream about/of
5．上气不接下气 out of breath 6．in many ways 在许多方面
7．研发计算机软件 develop computer software
8．sit around 闲坐着 9．feel sorry for 对……怜悯
关键句 型
1．Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.
2．Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
3．Just accept …, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.
1.disability n．伤残；无力；无能
?Public places are becoming more accessible to people with disabilities.
公共场所对那些残疾人来说变得越来越容易通行了。
? The handsome boy was a man with disability.
这位英俊的男孩是一位残疾人。
【巧学助记】
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词填空
①______(disable) as they are, the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true.
②He gets a ______ pension from the government because of his disabilities in a fire accident.
【答案】
①Disabled【解析】考查状语从句中的表语。句意：虽然残疾，可是这些舞蹈演员为了实现他们的梦想而努
力练习。
②disability【解析】句意：由于在一次火灾事故中残疾了，他从政府领取残疾抚恤金。a disability pension残
疾抚恤金。
2. ambition n. 雄心；野心
?She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.
她一直未能实现成为一名著名作家的夙愿。
【归纳拓展】
ambitious adj.有抱负的，有野心的
achieve one’s ambition 实现抱负
be ambitious to do sth. 有做……的抱负
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①他一直未能实现学艺术的梦想。
He never ____________________ to study art.
②根深叶才茂，志壮干劲高。
A deep-rooted tree is leafy; an ________ man is vigorous.
③作为一名女新闻工作者，她渴望取得成就。
She is ________________________ as a female journalist.
【答案】
①achieved his ambition ②ambitious ③ambitious to succeed
3．suitable adj. 适合的；适宜的
?I don’t have anything suitable to wear for the party.
我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
?The house is not really suitable for a large family.
这所房子并不适合大家庭居住。
【归纳拓展】
be suitable for适合于
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
suitably adv.合适地；适宜地；适当地
suit v．对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意
【跟踪典例】
(1)用适当介词填空
The exercise with answer key format makes the book suitable ________ self-study.
【答案】for 句意：这种设有练习及答案的模式使这本书适合自学。make sth. suitable for sth.表示＂使…… 适合于……＂。
(2)补全句子
①Such violent films are not ________ ________ teenagers to see.
此类暴力影片不适合青少年观看。
②I work part time, which ________ ________ ______.
我做兼职工作，这很适合我。
【答案】①suitable for ②suits me fine
4. beneficial adj.有益的；受益的
be beneficial to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有好处
?A good diet is highly beneficial to health.
良好的饮食对健康是很有益的。
?Sunshine is beneficial to plants.
阳光对植物有益。
【归纳拓展】
benefit v．有益于，受益 n．利益；好处
benefit from /by从……中受益
for the benefit of sb.(＝for one’s benefit)为了某人的利益；为了帮助某人
【跟踪典例】
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ______ all its citizens.
A. in charge of B. for the purpose of
C. in honor of D. for the benefit of
【答案】D 句意：为了惠及全民，中国一直在推动公共医疗改革。in charge of负责，管理；for the purpose of为了……的目的；in honor of 纪念；for the benefit of为了……的好处。故选D。
5．adapt
(1)v.(使)适应，适合(常与to连用)
?Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.
我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境。
?She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.
她很快适应了这种新气候。
(2)vt.改编；改写
?It’s hard to adapt this novel for the film.
要将这小说改编为电影很困难。
【归纳拓展】
adapt for使适合于；为……改编/改写
adapt from根据……改写/改编
adapt oneself to使适应或习惯于……
adapt sth. to使某事物适应或适合
adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的
adaptation n．改编；改造；改写
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①The world will be different, and we ______________ .
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
②The good thing about children is that they _____________ very easily to new enviroments.
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply
【答案】①will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
② A 句意：对孩子而言，好就好在他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to适应……，符合语境及句子结构的要求。appeal to对……有吸引力；attach to与……有关系；apply to涉及，与……有关。
6. out of breath 上气不接下气
? He ran as fast as he could and finally caught up with his teacher but got out of breath.
他飞快地跑着，最终追上了他的老师，可是已经上气不接下气了。
【归纳拓展】
hold one’s breath 屏息
catch one’s breath （因恐惧、震惊等）屏息
take a deep breath深深地吸了一口气
lose one’s breath喘不过起来；呼吸困难
breathe vi. 呼吸
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①I like climbing mountains in the morning because the air is good ________(breathe)．
②He ________(深吸一口气) before diving into the river.
【答案】① to breathe ② drew/took a deep breath
7．absence n．缺席；不在某处；缺乏
?His frequent absence from school is all because of his illness.
他经常缺课都是因为他的病。
【归纳拓展】
知识拓展
(1)in one’s absence在某人不在的时候
absence of mind心不在焉
in the absence of sb. 某人不在时
(2)absent adj.缺席的；不在的
be absent from缺席；缺少；不存在
absently adv.心不在焉地
【图解助记】
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①这个决定是我不在时作出的。
The decision was made_________.
②那幅画因缺少色彩而显得暗淡。
____________color in that drawing makes it dull.
③因缺乏这些条件,所以它运转得不是很好。
_____________ these conditions, it doesn’t work well.
【答案】①in/during my absence ②The absence of ③In the absence of
8. annoy vt. 惹恼；使……不悦
? Don’t annoy your neighbors by singing loudly at night.
夜晚不要大声唱歌，以免打扰邻居。
【归纳拓展】
(1)It annoys sb. that/when/how...某事使某人恼怒
(2)annoyed adj.颇为生气的
be annoyed at/about因……而生气
be annoyed with对某人生气，对某人厌烦
be annoyed by被……惹恼
(3)annoyance n．恼怒，烦恼，烦扰，不高兴；烦恼的事情
to one’s annoyance令某人恼怒的是
(4)annoying adj.使人不高兴的，恼人的，烦人的
【跟踪典例】
用annoy的正确形式填空
①To her _______, Mary found that the others had gone without her.
②My mother got ______ with me about my carelessness.
③It is really _______ when a train is late.
【答案】①annoyance ②annoyed ③annoying
9. all in all 总而言之
? All in all it had been a great success.
从各方面来说那都是极大的成功。
【归纳拓展】
above all首先；首要；最重要的
after all终究，毕竟
all at once突然，忽然；同时；马上
all but几乎，差点儿
all the same尽管如此，仍旧，照样?
at all?（常用于否定和条件句以加强语气）根本
in all总共
not at all根本不，一点儿也不
first of all首先；第一
【跟踪典例】
The box is so heavy that he cannot lift it.________, he is only a ten-year-old child.
A. In all B. Above all
C. At all D. After all
【答案】D句意:这个盒子太重了，他提不起来。毕竟,他仅仅是个十岁的孩子。in all总共；above all最重要的是；at all根本；after all毕竟，故选D项。
10. as well as和；也
?They will travel by night as well as by day.
他们除了白天旅行外，晚上也得赶路。
?She sings as well as playing the piano.
除了弹钢琴外，她还唱歌。
【易混辨析】
as well as与not only...but(also)
(1)as well as侧重点在前，引导主语时谓语动词同前面的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(2)not only... but(also)侧重点在后，引导主语时谓语动词同后面的名词或代词的数保持一致，即：A as well as B＝not only B but (also)A。如：
?The teacher, as well as the students, wishes for a holiday.
不但学生，而且老师也希望放假。
?Not only the teacher but also the students wish for a holiday.
不但老师，而且学生也希望放假。
【注意】
不能使用＂A，B，as well as C＂结构，但可使用＂A as well as B and C＂或＂A and B as well as C＂结构。如：
?He speaks Spanish as well as English and French.
他不但会讲英语和法语，还会讲西班牙语。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①The famous musician, as well as his students, ________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the
2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
②Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books________(offer) to the area since the earthquake
occurred.
【答案】①was invited 本题考查主谓一致用法。题中主语为The famous musician，为单数，而且动作发生时间为2012 年，应该使用一般过去时态，故填was invited。
②has been offered 句意：自从地震发生后，一些设备和大量的地图、图书等被送到了该地区。考查主谓一
致。＂名词＋as well as/together with/along with/with＋名词＂作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个名词在数上保持一致。再由时间状语从句since the earthquake occurred可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。
10. in many ways在很多方面
?In many ways she reminded Mary of her mother.
在很多方面她使玛丽想起了她的妈妈。
?He is superior to me in many ways.
在很多方面他比我强。
【归纳拓展】
in a/one way在某种程度上；在某点上
in some way 在某种程度上；在某些方面
in no way决不，一点也不 in the way妨碍，碍事
by the way顺便说一下 under way(计划等)在进行中
on the way在途中，即将到来 in this way通过这种方式
【跟踪典例】
用way的相关短语填空
①Only________ ________ ________can you learn English well.
②I’ll drop in on Mary ________ ________ ________home.
③It’s a good plan in many ways. It will be soon ______ ________.
④________ ________ ________， is Mr Smith living here?
【答案】①in this way ②on the/my way ③under way ④By the way
11．make fun of取笑
?People make fun of her because she wears such a strange hat.
人们取笑她，因为她戴了一顶如此奇特的帽子。
【归纳拓展】
have fun玩得开心
for/in fun为了玩乐，开玩笑地
play a joke on sb.戏弄某人
play a trick on sb.捉弄某人
make a fool of sb.愚弄(或欺骗)某人
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人
【跟踪典例】
Nobody likes ______ when he makes mistakes.
A. to make fun of B. to laugh at
C. to be laughing at D. to be made fun of
【答案】D 句意：没有人喜欢犯错误时被嘲笑。make fun of, laugh at与主语nobody之间为被动关系，应用不定式的被动式。结合语境，选D。
12. conduct n．行为，品行；v.指挥，主持；引导，带领
?His conduct disagrees with his words.
他言行不一。
?Who is conducting the band this evening?
今晚谁指挥乐队？
?He conducted the audience to their seats.
他带领观众到他们的座位上。
【归纳拓展】
conductor n．售票员；(合唱队等的)指挥者
conduct oneself well/badly(行为)表现好/差
under the conduct of在……的指导/管理下
【跟踪典例】
①补全句子
在农业专家指导下，当地农民大获丰收。
________ ________ ________ ________ the agricultural experts, the local farmers had a good harvest.
②用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
This concert was ________by a famous________from Vienna.(conduct)
【答案】①Under the conduct of ②conducted; conductor
13. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean
your life is not satisfying.假如我有机会跟健康孩子们讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味
着生活不美满。
本句是虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句谓语用一般过去时(be一般为were)，主句谓语用
＂should/would/could/might＋动词原形＂。如：
?If I were you I would stay here.如果我是你，我就待在这儿。
【归纳拓展】
条件句中的虚拟语气：
分类
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
一般过去时
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时
would/should/could/might＋have done
与将来事实相反
一般过去时
were to＋动词原形
should＋动词原形
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
【跟踪典例】
（2016?北京）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______me, I could have helped.
A.told B.had told
C.were to tell D.would tell
【答案】B句意:你上个星期为什么不告诉我你的问题呢?如果你告诉我了,我就能帮 你了。根据句意及空后的＂could have helped＂判断,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,应用过去完成时，故选B。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．Blindness is a very serious________(残疾)．
2．We have a________(听写)every English class.
3．His________(经营) of the business was very successful.
4．Thank you for your________(鼓励) .I will do my best on it.
5．His casual manner________(惹恼) her.
6．I can’t tolerate that rude________(家伙)．
7．How________(笨拙的)of me to break the vase!
8．He killed further discussion with his________(缺席)．
9．He jumped at my unexpected________(进入)．
10．I am quite________(外向的) I think. I enjoy mixing and doing things with other people.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
I ________ this article ________ ________ ________ ________.
2．他不但在这部影片中扮演角色，而且还导演了这部影片。
He directed ________ ________ ________ acted in the film.
3．她写字漂亮，而且善于写文章。总之，她是一位好秘书。
She has a good handwriting, and is good at writing articles. ________ ________ ________， she is a qualified
secretary.
4．他听不懂女儿的话，因为她说得太快了。
He ________ ________ ________ understanding his daughter as she spoke so fast.
5．他们两个正忙于做假花。
Two of them________ ________(忙于)making artificial flowers.
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
as well as, be suitable for, be beneficial to, in other words, make fun of,
adapt to, cut out, out of breath, all in all, sit around
1．I was ________________ after running for the bus.
2．The book has some weak points, but ________________，I consider it a success.
3．How can I ________________ when there are so many things to do?
4．No one enjoys ________________ in public.
5．She is a talented musician ________________ a photographer.
6．Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; ________________， you failed.
7．Books related to violence and sex ________________(not) children.
8．Over the years, we all have learned to ________________ our new environment.
9．You can ________________ the unimportant details when reading through the article.
10．As we all know, sunshine ________________ plants.
Ⅰ. 完形填空
Shahrokh Zahiri could easily choose to stop studying due to his father’s death and his family’s financial problems. But, with all the 1 in his life, Shahrokh was completing his diploma in literature. And the interesting thing was that he was 2 trying to get into university to study a major in law. This field of study was really 3 for someone who is working as well.
But Shahrokh studied hard 4 he got into Tehran University. He was living in Qom and he traveled to Tehran to 5 his classes three times a week. The 6 of the days he worked to support his family.
With all his efforts, his life was on a good path 7 the age of twenty-eight when he was diagnosed with tuberculosis(结核病). He was scared, but never 8 hope. He remembered all the troubles he had met in his life, and so he started to 9 again, but this time it was for his 10 . Even though he was working two jobs, he tried so hard to fight and 11 he succeeded in defeating the disease.
He had 12 dreams, but even though he was trying really hard, as he moved forward he felt as if he was moving further away from his 13 . But Shahrokh was 14 and even though he was forty-two years old, with great courage he opened up a factory, producing new 15 . He listened to his heart which said, ＂Have faith, and you’ll 16 .＂
He 17 to start up a company named ＂Mahram＂ and unless you 18 his life story, you wouldn’t believe that a brand, which has more than ten 19 and more than 10,000 employees, was 20 by someone at the age of forty-two with a small amount of investment.
1．A. information B．hardship C．pleasure D．design
2．A. just B．never C．still D．even
3．A. difficult B．comfortable C．interesting D．expensive
4．A. because B．but C．and D．or
5．A. attend B．join C．visit D．follow
6．A. order B．half C．part D．rest
7．A. after B．until C．at D．during
8．A. searched for B．turned to C．depended on D．gave up
9．A. develop B．strike C．fight D．leave
10．A. health B．fortune C．honor D．future
11．A. gradually B．immediately C．suddenly D．finally
12．A. high B．big C．deep D．long
13．A. dreams B．villages C．classmates D．relatives
14．A. embarrassed B．puzzled C．determined D．disappointed
15．A. results B．products C．conditions D．chances
16．A. change B．arrive C．continue D．succeed
17．A. attempted B．happened C．managed D．refused
18．A. see B．read C．watch D．observe
19．A. factories B．restaurants C．hospitals D．colleges
20．A. exhibited B．invented C．started D．protected
Ⅱ.阅读理解
I always felt sorry for the people in wheelchairs. Some people, old and weak, cannot get around by themselves. Others seem perfectly healthy, dressed in business suits. But whenever I saw someone in a wheelchair, I only saw a disability，not a person.
Then I fainted(昏倒) at Euro Disney due to low blood pressure. This was the first time I had ever fainted, and my parents said that I must rest for a while after first aid. I agreed to take it easy, but as I stepped toward the door, I saw my dad pushing a wheelchair in my direction! Feeling the colour burn my cheeks, I asked him to wheel that thing right back to where he found it.
I could not believe this was happening to me. Wheelchairs were fine for other people but not for me. As my father wheeled me out into the main street, people immediately began to treat me differently.
Little kids ran in front of me, forcing my father to stop the wheelchair suddenly. Bitterness set in as I was thrown back and forth.
＂Stupid kids! They have perfectly good legs. Why can’t they watch where they are going？＂I thought. People stared down at me，pity in their eyes. Then they would look away, maybe because they thought the sooner they forgot me the better.
＂I’m just like you！＂ I wanted to scream. ＂The only difference is that you’ve got legs，and I have wheels.＂
People in wheelchairs are not stupid. They see every look and hear each word. Looking out at the faces, I finally understood: I was once just like them. I treated people in wheelchairs exactly the way they did not want to be treated. I realized it is some of us with two healthy legs who are truly disabled.
1．The author once ________ when she was healthy.
A．helped disabled people
B．looked down upon disabled people
C．imagined herself sitting in a wheelchair
D．saw some healthy people moving around in wheelchairs
2．Facing the wheelchair for the first time, the author ________.
A．felt curious about it
B．got ready to move around in it right away
C．refused to accept it right away
D．threw it away
3．The experience of the author tells us that ______.
A．life is the best teacher
B．people often eat their bitter fruit
C．life is so changeable that nobody can foretell
D．one should not do to others what he would not like others to do to him
4．What is the best title for this passage?
A．How to get used to wheelchairs
B．People in wheelchairs should be equally treated
C．People with two legs are truly healthy
D．The difference between healthy people and the disabled
1. （2016?天津）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I_________.
A.were injured B.would be injured
C.had been injured D.would have been injured
2. （2016 ? 江苏）Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
3. （2015·北京）The park was full of people____themselves in the sunshine
A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy
4. （2014·江西）Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. _________, it
could just put you in debt.
A.In other words B.All in all C.As a result D.On the other hand
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1.disability 2.dictation 3.conduct 4.encouragement 5.annoyed
6.fellow 7.clumsy 8.absence 9.entry 10．outgoing
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.cut; out of the newspaper 2.as well as 3.All in all
4．had difficulty in 5.were busy
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
1. out of breath 2. all in all 3. sit around 4. being made fun of
5. as well as 6. in other words 7. are not suitable for
8. adapt to 9. cut out 10. is beneficial to
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【文章大意】Shahrokh Zahiri的命途的确坎坷：尚未完成学业时父亲就去世了，28岁时患上了严重的疾病。可这些困难并没有吓倒他，他最终顽强地战胜了生活的苦难。
1. B 文章首句中提到Shahrokh的父亲去世了，他们家经济上很困难，所以他的生活应该是充满了艰难困
苦，故选hardship。
2. D 虽然家庭条件不好，Shahrokh却要拿到文学专业的学位证书了，他甚至(even)还要去学法律。
3. A 根据句中的who is working as well可知，他还需要工作，所以法律这个专业对他来说十分＂困难＂。
4. C Shahrokh学习很努力，并进入了德黑兰大学。上下文是逻辑上的顺承关系。
5. A Shahrokh考上了大学，他每周需要去上三次课，故用attend。
6. D 在上学之外的剩余时间里Shahrokh要工作养家。the rest＂剩余部分＂。
7. B 联系下文可推知，一直到28岁，Shahrokh的生活还算是顺利的。
8. D 由句中的转折连词but所表示的意义可推知，他虽然害怕，但是从没放弃(give up)希望。
9. C 结合上文中的all the troubles he had met in his life可知，他开始再一次与困难抗争(fight)。
10. A 上文提到他患了结核病，所以他这次的抗争是为了健康(health)。
11. D 由下文他的发展可推知，经过坚持不懈的努力，他终于(finally)成功地打败了疾病。
12. B 下文提到他在事业方面的巨大成功。由此可以推知，此处指他有＂大＂梦想。
13. A 由上文中的He had 12(big) dreams以及转折连词but可推知，他感觉自己好像离梦想(dream)越来越远。
14. C 凭借勇气，Shahrokh在42岁的时候开办了一家工厂，这说明他很有意志力，故选determined。
15. B 由常识可知，开办工厂自然要生产新的产品(product)。
16. D 联系Shahrokh的人生发展可得出这个结论：有信心就会成功(succeed)。
17. C Shahrokh没有太多钱财，但是他设法创立了一家公司。manage＂设法做成＂。
18. B 除非你读了Shahrokh的故事，不然你不会相信他会将事业发展得如此壮大。
19. A 上文提到他开办了一家工厂，现在他的事业有了大的发展，所以＂工厂＂已经扩展到10多家。
20. C 此处指你不会相信这个品牌是由一个42岁的人用少量的投资开创的。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
【文章大意】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者曾对坐轮椅的残疾人倍感同情，而当自己因为意外晕厥也坐上轮椅时，才感觉到坐轮椅的人和正常人一样，同样应受到他人的尊重。
1. B 【解析】从第一段中的＂But whenever I saw someone in a wheelchair，I only saw a disability，not a person.＂ 可以看出不论作者什么时候看到有人坐在轮椅上，作者看到的只是残疾，而不是一个完整的 人。说明作者曾经对坐在轮椅上的人有偏见。look down upon意为＂看不起＂。
2. C 【解析】从第二段中的＂...I saw my dad pushing a wheelchair in my direction！Feeling the colour burn my cheeks, I asked him to wheel that thing right back to where he found it.＂可以看出作者当时的心态。当作 者第一次面对轮椅时，立刻拒绝使用。
3. D【解析】从最后一段看出作者悟出的道理：一个人不应该做他不愿意别人对他做的事情。从＂...I was once just like them.I treated people in wheelchairs exactly the way they did not want to be treated.＂可知。
4. B【解析】从作者一开始看不起残疾人到自己成为残疾人，亲身感受到残疾人的窘迫，可以看出人们不应 该看不起残疾人。尤其是从最后一句＂I realized it is some of us with two healthy legs who are truly disabled.＂可得知，有些双腿健全的人，实际上在人格上是残疾的。因此，要平等对待残疾人。
K真题
1. D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据＂I was wearing a seatbelt＂＂If I hadn’t been wearing one＂可判断出, 此处是对与过去事实相反的情况的虚拟,从句用了过去完成时,主句应用＂would have done＂结构。
2. C 【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，
在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都
受过良好教育。
3. C 【解析】结合语境应用现在分词作伴随状语，非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生，且people与非谓 语动词是主动关系。
4. D 【解析】句意:自己创业可能是取得经济独立的一种方法,但另一方面它也有可能使你背上债务。on the
other hand＂另一方面＂,与前半部分相对应。in other words＂换句话说＂; all in all＂总之＂;as a result＂ 结果＂。
Unit1 Living well（2）
重点
单词
1．abolish v．废除；废止→abolition n．废除；废止
2．resign v．辞职→resignation n．辞职
3．politics (n.)政治(学)→political(adj.)政治的→politician(n.)政治家
4．slave (n.)奴隶→slavery(n.)奴隶制
5．assistance (n.)协助；援助→assistant(n.)助手→assist(vt.)协助；援助
6．congratulate (vt.)祝贺；庆贺→congratulation(n.)祝贺；贺词
7．graduate(vi.)毕业→graduation (n.)毕业；毕业典礼
7．access (n.)(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→accessible (adj.)可接近的；可
进入的；可使用的
8．hand(n.& vt.)手，递给→handy (adj.)方便的，有用的
9．outwards (adv.)向外→inwards(adv.)向内，向内部
10．approve(v.)赞成，认可→approval(n.)赞成；认可
重要
短语
1．不必想 never mind 2．记住……；记在心里 keep…in mind
3．辞去……的职务resign from 4. 到底，究竟 on earth
5. 既然，由于 now that
6. 不必担心 never mind
7. 在疼痛中 in pain
8. 一切顺利 all the best
9. 特别 in particular
关键句型
I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema.
1.abolish vt.废除；废止 abolition n．废除；废止
?Slavery was abolished in the U．S. in the 19th century.
美国的奴隶制在19世纪就已经被废除了。
?Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished.
不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。
【易混辨析】
abolish/cancel
abolish 强调废除，如制度、做法、风俗等
cancel 多指取消已安排或决定的计划、会议等
?This unreasonable tax should be abolished.
这种不合理的税应该取消。
?All flights have been cancelled because of bad weather.
因为天气恶劣，所有的航班都被取消了。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
When the slave trade________(abolish) in 1807，the former slaves took over the carnival.
【答案】was abolished 句意：当1807年奴隶贸易被废除时，昔日的奴隶们沿袭了狂欢节这一风俗。奴隶贸易与abolish是被动关系，因此应使用被动语态；再根据后面的took over可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任
resign from辞去……职务
resign as sth.辞去当……的职务
resign sb. to把某人托付给……
resign over因……而辞职
resign oneself to听任摆布；只好接受
?If Paul resigns, who will get the job?
如果保罗辞职，谁会得到这份差事呢？
?You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer.
你们只好耐心多等一会儿。
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词填空
①He resigned________the company in order to take a more challenging job.
②He resigned his post________headmaster.
③He was forced to resign________ill health.
【答案】①from ②as ③over
3. assistance n. 协助，援助
be of assistance 帮忙；有好处，有用处
come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人
with the assistance of 在……的帮助下
?She offered me practical assistance with my research.
她给我的研究提供了实实在在的帮助。
【归纳拓展】
assist v. 帮助，援助
assistant n. 助理；助手
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
【跟踪典例】
A 19-year-old teenager from Guangdong nicknamed Niko demanded an apology from Youku, which he believed violated their copyrights as it used his team’s photos without _________.
A. appreciation B. approval
C. assistance D. assessment
【答案】B 句意：来自广东昵称为Niko的19岁青年要求优酷道歉；他认为优酷违反了他们的版权，因为优酷未经同意就使用了他们团队的照片。appreciation感激；approval批准，认可，赞成；assistance帮助；assessment估价。结合语境，故选B。
4. congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺
congratuate sb. on( doing) sth. 就某事向某人庆祝
?The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear work.
向创作出这样一部清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺。
【归纳拓展】
congratulation n．祝贺
Congratulations！祝贺你！
congratulations on sth.祝贺……
【跟踪典例】
The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ________ their parents’ silver wedding.
A. celebrate B. memorize
C. congratulate D. welcome
【答案】 A 句意为：这三个姐妹决定举办一个家庭聚会来庆祝她们父母的银婚。memorize记住；congratulate祝贺，对象是人；welcome欢迎。celebrate 庆祝，主要指以行动如举行仪式、送礼物等庆祝生日、节日，对象是物，答案选A。
5. access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性
be easy/hard of access容易/难接近
give access to接见；准许出入
have/gain/get/obtain access to得以接近；获得接近(进入)……的权利
?The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.
要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。
?Students must have access to a good library.
学生们要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。
【归纳拓展】
accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to...能接近……；可使用……
【跟踪典例】
Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didn’t have________to immediate rescue.
A.access B.admission
C.approach D.attention
【答案】A句意:海地有许多人死于地震,因为他们没有得到及时的援救。have access to有……的机会。
6．approval n．赞成；同意；认可
meet with/win/earn one’s approval得到某人的赞许
give one’s approval to sth.批准/同意某事
?The president has already given his approval to the plan.
总统已同意了这个计划。
?We went to the party with our parents’ approval.
我们经父母同意后去参加聚会。
【归纳拓展】
approve vi.赞成，同意 vt.批准
approve of赞成，同意
?He doesn’t approve of me leaving school this year.
他不同意我今年离校。
【跟踪典例】
(1)介词填空
①The board has finally given its approval ________ the loan.
②He seemed to approve ________ my choice.
【答案】①to ②of
(2)翻译句子
I can’t agree to anything without my parents’ approval.
_______________________________________________
【答案】没有父母的认可我什么也不答应。
7. I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema.
今天我从报纸上了解到，您将成为班克斯敦新电影院的建筑设计师。
be＋to do表示＂安排好某事或命令做什么事＂。
(1)表示预先安排好的计划或约定
?There is to be a concert on Saturday evening.
星期六晚上将有一场音乐会。
(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令、禁止等
?We are to look after the little children.
我们必须照顾这些小孩子。
(3)表示注定要发生的事
?Her plan is to be a failure.
她的计划是注定要失败的。
【归纳拓展】
将来时表达方式的几种用法比较：
(1)will/shall do多表示未事先考虑，说话时的临时想法；
(2)be going to do多表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至是作了某种准备或表示非常可能发生；
(3)be about to do表示说话时马上就要发生的事。常与when连用，构成be about to...when...结构。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①You________ ________ ________ ________(要站在这儿). Do you understand?
②He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (打算出国留学)to realize his dream.
【答案】①are to stand here ②is going to study abroad
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Are you alone or with a________(同伴)?
2．We visited the Chinese________(社区) in San Francisco.
3．He hopes to get a good job after________(毕业)．
4．To obtain a passport，you have to send in your birth______(证书) with the form.
5．Martin found that he had no ________(足够的) proof.
6．The school is close to our houses, so it is quite________(方便的)for the children.
7．The cabbages were stored in the________(地下室)．
8．Is it beneath your________(尊严)to go to the theater with such a poor fellow?
9．Our firm is likely to make a big________(利润) this year.
10．Tom is the________(建筑师)of this building.
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear Ms Sanders，
I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new cinema. In particular I wonder if you have considered the 1 (follow) things:
2 would be handy to have lifts to all parts of the cinema. The buttons in the lifts should be easy for a person in a wheelchair 3 (reach) and the doors be wide 4 to enter.
People 5 are short cannot always see the screen so I’d like to 6 (suggest) that the seats at the back be place 7 (high) than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen 8 (easy). Perhaps there could be a space at the end of each row for people in wheelchairs to sit next 9 friends.
Thank you for reading my letter. I hope my suggestions will meet with your 10 (approve).
Yours sincerely，
Alice Major
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．你知道奴隶制在美国何时被废除的吗？
Do you know when the slavery ________________？
2．为了照顾生病的母亲，Mary决定辞去公司经理的职务。
In order to look after her sick mother, Mary decided to ________________ in the company.
3．我为自己的好运气感到高兴。
I ________________ my good fortune.
4．停车处足以停放100辆小汽车。
The parking places ________________ 100 cars.
5．他的建议遭到普遍反对。
His suggestions ____________________ widespread disapproval.
6．他设法从楼上的一扇窗户进入。
He ____________________ access through an upstairs window.
7．这本书容易理解。
The book ________________.
8．他和别人交流有困难。
He ________________ communicating with others.
9．他祝我来年一切顺利。
He wished me ________________ in the coming year.
10．莉莉是一位尊贵的老妇人。
Lily is an old lady ________________.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Education of children in Finland begins with preschool at age 6. Although the most of Finns complete their education by age 25, education is viewed as a lifelong process in any job. People are generally much more educated in any trade or professional jobs than they are in other countries. They do an excellent job in having the highest workforce readiness of any nation.
Being a teacher in Finland, as in most industrialized countries, is the most highly respected occupation. Medical doctors come second. The education system is set up such that they earn people’s respect every day by the way they are centrally managed in the country to the highest standard in the world and by the level of authority that is given to the teachers. Keeping both teacher competence(能力) and school quality the best is a national goal in Finland.
All parents understand that education is very important for their children and would never second-guess a teacher’s decision in Finland. If the child did something bad in school, you can bet that both the teacher and the parent would be in total agreement for the punishment. Therefore it rarely happens, because parents and teachers are always in agreement, and the teachers have a very good relationship with the students.
In Finland the children are not graded before the fifth grade. The teachers decide how they are progressing. They are later tested, but their grades are not told the parents or the child during the following few years of education. This approach appears to build high confidence and self-esteem. The kids have a high graduation rate, scholastically achieving more. So parents have no worries about how well the children will be taken care of by the teachers.
Finland has a national education policy and a national testing. The teachers make all decisions about how their class will be run, how the education tools will be presented and what books are to be read. There are many things one can learn from Finland’s educational system where the fun and importance of learning is emphasized rather than grades and marks.
1．Compared with people in other countries, Finns________.
A．study at school for a longer time
B．receive more education in their life
C．are always ready to do more work
D．keep healthier and live a longer time
2．The teachers in Finland are highly respected probably because________.
A．education is valued in the country
B．they can make a large amount of money
C．they have the right to do anything they like
D．people in Finland are usually friendly to others
3．The teachers in Finland would like to pay more attention to________.
A．making the parents satisfied with their work
B．grading the students at the end of the term
C．building the students’ confidence
D．having all kinds of examinations
4．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Teachers and the Parents in Finland
B．The Importance of Finland’s Teachers
C．A National Education Goal in Finland
D．The Educational System of Finland
Ⅱ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限1词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Mr. Green，
I’m very exciting to learn that we will start a magazine together. That sounds great and I definitely agree you on that.
Some of the columns that you mention in the letter are really my cup of tea. ＂Cultural Express＂ give us a better understanding of the world. Since people from different part of the world have different values, it’s necessary to learn from each another. Apart from that, ＂Blurt Out＂ is pretty good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and improving oral English. ＂Entertainment＂ is also cool! The popular singers, actors or celebrities are so attractively that you absolutely can’t miss this part. Teenagers are to fond of popular things, too.
Well, I can’t list more. I really can’t wait to read this magazine.
Yours，
Li Ming
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.companion 2.community 3.graduation 4.certificate 5.adequate
6.convenient 7.basement 8.dignity 9.profit 10.architect
Ⅱ.语法填空
1.following 2.It 3.to reach 4.enough 5. who
6.to suggest 7.higher 8.easily 9.to 10. approval
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.was abolished in America 2.resign her position as a manager 3.congratulated myself on 4.are adequate for 5.met with 6.managed to gain/get 7.is easy to understand 8.has difficulty in 9.all the best 10．of great dignity
K能力
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【文章大意】本文讲述了芬兰的一些基本情况，重点讲述了芬兰的教育体系和相关政策等。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，和其他国家的人们相比，芬兰人在他们的一生中接
受更多的教育。
2. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可以推知，芬兰老师受到高度的尊重是因为教育受到高度的
重视。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第三句和第四句可知，芬兰的老师注重培养孩子们的自信心和自尊心。
4. D【解析】标题概括题。文章第一段提出了芬兰教育的总体情况，第二段介绍了芬兰老师的情况，第三段
和第四段介绍了学生家长和老师的配合，最后一段是有关的教育政策。由此可知，本文主要讲了芬兰
的教育体系，故D项为最佳标题。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
Dear Mr. Green，
I’m very to learn that we will start a magazine together. That sounds great and I definitely agree you on that.
Some of the columns that you in the letter are really my cup of tea. ＂Cultural Express＂ us a better understanding of the world. Since people from different of the world have different values, it’s necessary to learn from each . Apart from that, ＂Blurt Out＂ is pretty good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and oral English. ＂Entertainment＂ is also cool! The popular singers, actors celebrities are so that you absolutely can’t miss this part. Teenagers are to fond of popular things, too.
Well, I can’t list more. I really can’t wait to read this magazine.
Yours，
Unit 1 Living well（3）
一、动词不定式概述
1．动词不定式是由＂to＋动词原形＂构成(有时可以省略to)。动词不定式的否定形式是＂not＋动词不定式＂
(not不与助动词连用)。
2．动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
3．动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中作多种句子成分。
4．动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。
二、动词不定式的句法功能
1．动词不定式作主语。
(1)可以直接作主语。
?To see is to believe.眼见为实。
(2)用it作形式主语，真正的主语即不定式放在后面。
?It’s wrong to make fun of others.取笑别人是错误的。
2．动词不定式作宾语。
(1)不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope,
manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等。
?He pretended to be reading.他假装正在读书。
?I’ve decided to go abroad now.现在我已决定出国。
(2)动词不定式作动词know, tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss等词的宾语时，前面常
带whether或疑问词。即：whether/疑问词(how, when, where, what, who等)＋to do。
?We don’t know whether to accept the invitation.我们并不知道是否接受邀请。
?He showed us how to do the work.他教我们怎样做这项工作。
(3)在＂find/feel/think＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.＂句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
?The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.楼下的人发觉很难入睡。
(4)forget, remember, stop, go on等之后接动词-ing形式和不定式意义差别较大。
stop to do sth.停止一件事去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止正在做的事
remember to do sth.记住去做某事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做了某事
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做了某事
3．动词不定式作表语。
(1)直接放在be动词之后，表示一个具体的内容，起解释说明的作用，一般可以由that引导的表语从句替代。
?My ambition is to become a lawyer.我的理想是成为一名律师。
(2)位于seem, appear, remain, prove等系动词之后。
?The old man seems to be ill.那位老人似乎病了。
4．动词不定式作状语。
(1)作目的状语。
?They went there to visit their teacher.他们去那拜访老师。
(2)作结果状语。
?He searched the room only to find nothing.他找遍了房间，结果什么也没有找到。
(3)作程度状语。
?He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。
(4)作原因状语。
某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词作表语时，后跟不定式表示原因。
?I am very glad to see you.见到你我非常高兴。
(5)作独立成分，修饰全句。
?To tell you the truth, I have got no money with me.说实话，我没有钱。
5．动词不定式作定语。
(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不
定式后面须有相应的介词。
?The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家人有幢很舒适的房子住。
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动
语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
?Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？
(不定式to send的动作执行者是＂你＂)
(3)用不定式作定语的几种情况：
①不定式表将来。
?I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了些书在假期里读。
②用来修饰序数词、形容词最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。
?He was the best man to do the job.他最适合干这项工作。
③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时。常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt,
belief, way, reason, moment, time等。
?Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你有读写英语的能力吗？
6．动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(1)常跟在宾语后。常跟to do作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive(驱使), encourage,
expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, want, warn等。
?We should encourage the students with disabilities to live well.
我们应该鼓励有残疾的学生好好生活。
(2)在＂with＋n./pron.＋to do＂复合结构中，用不定式表示一个将来的动作。
?With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.
由于没有可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。
1．（2016 ? 北京）________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make
2．（2015 ? 陕西）After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.
A. to thank B. thanking
C. having thanked D. to have thanked
3.（2015 ? 北京）_____the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch
4．（2015 ? 福建）________more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. To learn D. To be learning
K真题
1. D【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。这里动 词不定式表目的，故选D。
2. A【解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有在她演绎生涯中帮助过她的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，故选A。
3. C【解析】句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中 用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。这里用不定式作目的状语，意思是 ＂为了……＂。
4. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C。
建议信是作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。一般来说，建议信的正文分为三部分：开头、主体和结尾。开头一般开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。主体则是对所提出的问题进行分析、说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。结尾则是对开头的呼应，重申自己的观点。
建议信可按照如下写作模板来写：
(1)首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。
(2)主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠 告。千万注意不要让别人以为你是在投诉，而不是在提建议。
(3)尾段：对提出的建议进行总结。
I would like to suggest that...
I am writing to express my views concerning...
You have asked for my advice about... and I will try to make some suggestions.
If I were you, I would...
It seems to me that you could...
I think it would be more beneficial if you could...
I believe you will take my advice into account.
I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.
I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
I will be ready for further discussing this matter into details.
假设你是李华，你的笔友李佳最近用英语给你写信询问如何度过一个有意义的寒假。请你根据下面的文字用英语给他写一封回信。
1．科学安排、复习功课；
2．积极参加体育锻炼与社会实践活动；
3．与家人一块去旅游。
注意：1.词数：120左右。
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【遣词造句】
1. 词汇
收到某人的来信 hear from sb./receive a letter from sb.
就……提出建议 make a suggestion on...
做某事是个好主意 It’s a good idea to do...
参加体育锻炼 take exercise
积极参加 take an active part in
如果可能 if possible
做某事的方式 a way to do sth./a way of doing sth.
2. 句式
（1）I’m more than happy to hear from you.
（2）Not only can you take exercise as usual but also take an active part in some social activities.
【范文欣赏】
Dear Li Jia，
I’m more than happy to hear from you and now I’d like to share my suggestions on how to spend the winter holiday.
First, being a student, you should put your study in the first place. Consequently, it’s a good idea to spend much time going over or even learning some new lessons by yourself. What’s more, not only can you take exercise as usual but also take an active part in some social activities.
It, I think, will be of great use to your physical and mental health and help you learn more about society. Also, if possible, traveling with your family is one of the best ways to spend a holiday, which can relax your body as well as broaden your views. Of course, you can have many other choices according to your own personal conditions.
Hope you will have a meaningful holiday.
Yours，
Li Hua
【名师点评】
1．本文要点齐全，层次分明。
2．根据提示发挥得当，在表达过程中使用了较多高级词汇及复杂句式，如first; what’s more; not only... but
also...
3．结构紧凑，较好地表达了文中信息。
单元综合检测
(考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：120分)
第I卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
While beach vacations may be a great way to take your mind off work, lakes surrounded by mountains make for an even grander experience. If you are looking for some peace on your vacation, we have some recommendations for you in the Caucasus(高加索).
Lake Sevan
Lake Sevan is situated in the central part of Armenia, in the Gegharkunik province. It is the largest lake in Armenia, located 6,200ft above sea level. Along the lake shore, there are various accommodations such as resorts and hotels with plenty of activities to partake in such as windsurfing, swimming and sunbathing. While there, do not forget to visit one of the famous cultural monuments, the Sevanavank Monastery, and it offers a great view of the lake as well.
Lake Paravani
Lake Paravani, located at 6,801ft above sea level, is in the south of Georgia, near the Javakheti plateau. At this level, altitude sickness can occur and it is a good idea to be prepared to adapt to it properly, or bring medication for altitude sickness. Being a volcanic lake makes for a more interesting experience. The lake is best known for fishing. Do not come home during the winter months when the lake freezes.
Lake Cildir
Lake Cildir is located in the Ardahan province, East Turkey, near the borders of Georgia and Armenia. It is the second largest freshwater lake of Eastern Turkey, and many tourists are not aware of this beautiful attraction. Lake Cildir is surrounded by mountains of the Caucasus. The lake freezes during late November. If the winter is not extremely cold, you can try some lake activities like ice skating and ice fishing.
Lake Van
Lake Van is the must visit of all lakes in this list. The largest lake in Turkey, Lake Van is located on the eastern shore of Turkey and is also the most accessible lake here. It’s situated at 5, 380ft above sea level, and unique to lakes around the world, the water is high in salt content.
1．If you want to visit some historic sites during your travel by a lake, you can go to_______ .
A. Lake Cildir B. Lake Parvani C. Lake Sevan D. Lake Van
2．What is special about Lake Van?
A. Its water is high in salt. B. It is a volcanic lake.
C. It is globally the largest lake. D. It is surrounded by mountains.
3．What challenge are travelers most likely to face while visiting Lake Paravani?
A. Lack of medicine. B. Volcano eruptions.
C. Altitude sickness. D. Low temperature all the year.
4．Which destinations would be attractive to a fishing lover?
A. Lake Sevan and Lake Paravani. B. Lake Pravani and Lake Cildir.
C. Lake Cildir and Lake Van. D. Lake Sevan and Lake Van.
B
It is commonly believed that all over the world, boys and girls attend a mixed school, where they study together. But boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.
Always boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to correspond to(和……相符) the ＂boy code＂ of hiding their emotions to be a ＂real man＂.
Surprisingly, the findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
George Carl, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.
The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when girls do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.
But in single-sex schools teachers can adjust lessons to boys’ learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study’s author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.
Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with ＂boy-focused＂ approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given ＂hands-on＂ lessons where they are allowed to walk around. ＂Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine(女性的) and prefer the modern genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes,＂ James wrote.
Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel that they had to be ＂masterful and in charge＂ in relationships. ＂In mixed schools, boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,＂ the study reported.
5．The writer argues that a single-sex school would __________.
A. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
B. help boys to be more competitive in schools
C. force boys to be their emotions to be ＂real men＂
D. naturally strengthen boys’ traditional image of a man
6．Traditionally, in a mixed school boys __________.
A. behave more responsibly B. perform relatively better
C. grow up more healthily D. receive a better education
7．In Abigail James’ opinion, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______.
A. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in
B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted
C. teaching can be adjusted to suiting the characteristics of boys
D. teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit
8．The underlined word ＂acute＂ in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ______ .
A. lovely B. serious C. sharp D. dull
C
＂BANG!＂ the door caused a reverberation (回声). It was just standing there, with father standing on one side, and me on the other side.
We were both in great anger. ＂Never set foot in this house again!＂ stormed father. With tears welling up in my eyes, I rushed out of the flat and ran along the street.
The street lights were shining, causing rather sad feelings. I wandered aimlessly.
A young father who held a child in his arms walked past me. I felt as if I saw my childhood from another space: happy and carefree.
But now … I don’t know whether it is because I have grown up or because dad is getting old. We differ in our ways of thinking. We are just like two people coming from two different worlds. It feels like there is an iron door between us that can never be opened.
I wandered the streets, without a destination in mind. My heart was frozen on this hot summer night. As I walked on, there were fewer and fewer people on the streets, until I had only the street lights to keep me company. When I finally reached the high-rise apartment block in which I lived, I saw that the light was still on.
I thought to myself: ＂Is father waiting for me, or is he still angry with me？＂
In fact, it was nothing. Perhaps, dad was throwing away some of his old stamps. Perhaps he thought they were useless. I never had the courage to tell him that I liked collecting stamps.
All the lights were off except father’s.
Dad was always like this. Maybe he didn’t know how to express himself. After shouting at me, he never showed any mercy or any moments of regret.
This was how he always was. He has been a leader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature.
The light was still on. ＂Am I wrong＂ I whispered, maybe… With the key in my hand, I was as nervous as I had ever been. At last, I decided to open the door. As soon as I opened the door, tears ran down my cheeks. I suddenly realized that the iron door that I had imagined between us did not exist at all. Love—it’s second to none.
9．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?
A. The author fully understood why he and his father had different thinking.
B. The author and his father lacked communication.
C. The author’s father didn’t approve of his stamp collecting.
D. The author’s father opened the door for him when he came back.
10．According to the author, why did his father often shout at him ?
A. Perhaps the father was getting older and older.
B. Perhaps the father had been used to doing that.
C. Perhaps the son had already grown up.
D. Perhaps they never agreed with each other.
11．What was the author’s attitude towards his father at the end of the story?
A. He was frustrated with his father. B. He loved his father.
C. He was afraid of his father. D. He was dissatisfied with his father.
D
Scientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure. Scientists already modify the genes of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generations. For example, it may be possible for scientists to remove from existence the kind of mosquitoes that carry the Zika virus. They might also be able to permanently remove species of plants and animals that are destructive to other species.
In a report published last week, the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) said it supports continued research on this kind of gene control. But it warned that it is not possible to know what will happen when these changed plants and animals are released into the wild.
Sixteen biologists, ethicists(伦理学家) and policymakers are on an NAS committee that is examining the issue. They say that there is value to the new technology. But, they say, there is not enough evidence to support the release of modified organisms (生物体) from the laboratory into nature.
Many people would support stopping mosquitoes and rats from carrying diseases. But scientists say we must understand the possible scientific, ethical, legal and social results of such action before we decide whether to take it. Gene modification is spread through reproduction(繁殖).
Changed genes will continue to spread as long as an animal or plant continues to reproduce. They cannot be limited to a farm or kept within a country’s borders. Scientists are wondering what may happen if a modified organism mates with another species. They are not yet sure how the modified genes would affect the other species. It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or even lead to their disappearance from our planet.
12．What possible advantage does gene control in wild animals and plants have?
A. Changing the Zika virus permanently.
B. Removing the destructive species for ever.
C. Having changed genes in their next generations.
D. Making all the species more productive and stronger.
13．As for genetically changed wild animals and plants ,what are scientists worried about?
A. They may become weaker or die out.
B. They may be more productive.
C. They may cause damage to their living habitat.
D. Their genes may spread to later generations.
14．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Scientists are not sure what exact results gene modification leads to.
B. Scientists won’t modify any genes before they make the final decision.
C. Gene modification has benefited some farm animals and agricultural plants.
D. Scientists have not applied gene modification to wild animals and plants in case of possible danger.
15．What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Stop research on gene control
B. How to change genetic structure
C. Power and danger of gene control
D. Advantages of gene control in wild animals and plants
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before. But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line.
16 Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes. For anything you’re about to send，ask yourself, ＂Would I say this to the person’s face?＂ If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. 17
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so. 18 If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
19 Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else. 20 At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended. It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.
A. It’s natural that there’re some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.
B. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.
C. Everyone was new to the network once.
D. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.
E. When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.
F. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.
G. If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
完形填空(共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I Am Truly Grateful That I Had Cancer
At the age of 10, I was diagnosed with cancer. During treatment, I understood everything but the 21 of my case. It was not until recently that I realized how sick I was then.
This November of 2015 will 22 my five years off chemotherapy(化疗) and I will be finally 23 of cancer.
I know sick children often felt blue. In order to help brighten their 24 , I created a program through which I brought celebrities(名人) children 25 and respected to visit them in hospitals. The 26 I received from being able to 27 up the children’s day was indescribable.
This fall, I will 28 my junior year of high school. I love learning and I truly 29 the time spent in school because during chemotherapy treatments I was often too 30 to attend. Another big part of my life is 31 activity. During my treatment it was very hard for me to walk — let alone 32 . After finishing chemotherapy my main 33 was being able to run and play 34 again. I’m overjoyed to say I’ve been able to 35 that aim. Being able to stand on the court and play sports again is a(n) 36 feeling.
To me it’s important to convey a 37 of positivity and hope that anyone can make the most of any situation in life. Many don’t 38 and think it’s strange when I say this, but I’m truly grateful that I had cancer. Having experienced that, I have become brave 39 have also gained appreciation for life. I know with determination everyone can follow their 40 .
21. A. development B. seriousness C. name D. cause
22. A. mark B. end C. begin D. reward
23. A. warned B. informed C. suspected D. cured
24. A. spirits B. future C. rooms D. way
25. A. attracted B. impressed C. admired D. missed
26. A. respect B. joy C. gift D. education
27. A. make B. clear C. clean D. light
28. A. enter B. leave C. visit D. drop
29. A. kill B. save C. treasure D. waste
30. A. young B. weak C. lazy D. busy
31. A. mental B. indoor C. physical D. social
32. A. swim B. lie C. jump D. run
33. A. goal B. task C. problem D. idea
34. A. cards B. chess C. sports D. music
35. A. further B. kick C. set D. achieve
36. A. amazing B. puzzling C. satisfying D. touching
37. A. note B. message C. word D. wish
38. A. speak B. apologize C. understand D. remember
39. A. and B. but C. or D. so
40. A. steps B. examples C. suggestions D. dreams
第II卷
注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently a new research has been reported. It is said that many fathers of children experienced lots of injuries per year while playing with 41 (they)children. Some fathers felt that it was the most dangerous thing of being a parent walking across the floor 42 (cover)by toys. And some of them fell over because clothes or other things 43 (throw)everywhere. Besides, 44 third of fathers were knocked down by their young children when fighting with them and a quarter got hurt when playing football or climbing trees with them. In fact, one 45 five young fathers picked up an injury when doing something that wasn’t suitable for them.
The research also found that some of the fathers who were 46 (serious)injured had to take time off work. 47 ,not all of them had medical insurance(保险)in place 48 (prevent)the case that they were too ill to work. And they were more likely to face a situation 49 their mobile phones and holiday bookings declined sharply during illness. So the fathers took much 50 (press)from both the family and the work.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I still remember what happened to my deskmate and me in Grade One. She did well in math tests, which I often laughed at. At last it aroused her anger but she decided to turn her back on me. As the result, I was refused when I needed her help. My friends began to play fun of me about it. Feeling ashamed, I asked her for forgiveness for what I had done wrongly and promised not to do. She agreed to make friends with me again. And from then on I get along well with my friends, keeping the lesson in mind.
With an old saying goes, ＂Do to others as you would have them to do to you.＂ My experience tells me that only when we respect others can we gain other’s respect.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Tom约好一起去图书馆，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示歉意；
2. 说明原因；
3. 另约时间。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇解读】高加索地区是非常好的适合旅游的地方。作者推荐了几处湖泊，是寻找内心平静的好去处。
1. C【解析】推理判断题。根据＂Lake Sevan＂中的＂While there, do not forget to visit one of the famous cultural monuments, the Sevanavank Monastery, and it offers a great view of the lake as well. ＂可知，那 里有一个著名的文化古迹—the Sevanavank Monastery修道院，游客 可以去参观。故选C。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据＂Lake Van＂介绍中的＂It’s situated at 5, 380ft above sea level, and unique to lakes around the world, the water is high in salt content. ＂可知，Lake Van这个湖泊以含盐量特别高 而出名。故选A。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据＂Lake Paravani＂介绍中＂Lake Paravani, located at 6,801ft above sea level, is in the south of Georgia, near the Javakheti plateau. At this level, altitude sickness can occur and it is a good idea to be prepared to adapt to it properly, or bring medication for altitude sickness. ＂可知，在Lake Paravani游玩的时候，要注意高原反应。 故选C。
4. B【解析】细节理解题。根据＂Lake Paravani＂部分中＂ Being a volcanic lake makes for a more interesting experience. The lake is best known for fishing. ＂和＂Lake Cildir＂部分中＂The lake freezes during late November. If the winter is not extremely cold, you can try some lake activities like ice skating and ice fishing. ＂ 可知，游客在这两个湖可以从事钓 鱼活动。故选B。
B
【语篇解读】这是一则说明文。主要介绍了相比传统的男女混合学校，在独立的男子学校，男孩子的表现会更优秀。
5．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段But boys’schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.可知 男子学校教年轻人表达他 们的情感并且让他们参与像艺术、舞蹈和音乐之类的活动。故选A项。
6．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段Surprisingly, the findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.可知和女孩子一起被教时，男孩子 会做得更好。因此传统 上的混合学校，男孩子的表现相对比女孩子更好。故选B项。
7．C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中 But in single-sex schools teachers can adjust lessons to boys’ learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study’s author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.可知Abigail James认为在男子学校里，老师可 以根据男孩子的学习风格来调整课程。 并且让他们在教室里四处走动，使他们形成竞争来克服厌倦。 故选C项。
8．C【解析】词义猜测题。根据这句话后半部分内容可知，他们会通过接触学得最好，并且表现也更积极。 因此前面的内容应是男孩子通常有敏锐的想象力。故选C项，意为＂敏锐的＂。
C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者和爸爸吵架离家后，爸爸一直为深夜未归的作者亮着灯，最后作者意识到爱是第一位的。
9．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的＂We are just like two people coming from two different worlds. It feels like there is an iron door between us that can never be opened.＂可知，作者和爸爸之间像是有一扇铁门， 由此可见他们之间缺少沟通，故B项正确。
10．B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的＂This was how he always was. He has been a leader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature.＂可知，告诉别人做什么已经成 了一直当领导的爸爸的第二天性，由此可见，爸爸已经习惯了对他大喊大叫，故B项正确。
11．B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话＂I suddenly realized that the iron door that I had imagined between us did not exist at all. Love—it’s second to none.＂可知，最后作者意识到爱是第一位的，故B 项正确。
D
【语篇解读】科学家已经对一些动物和植物进行基因改变，这样做有好处，但是同时也存在危害。
12．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段＂They might also be able to permanently remove species of plants and animals that are destructive to other species＂可知，控制野生动物的基因的可能的好处是可以永远消 除一些破坏性的物种。故选B。
13．A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段＂It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or even lead to their disappearance from our planet＂可知，科学家担心基因改变的野生动物和植物可能会变得更 弱或灭绝。故选A。
14．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段＂Scientists already modify the genes of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger＂可知，科学家已经改变了一 些农场动物和 植物来让它们更多产。B项表述有误。故选B。
15．C【解析】标题判断题。根据文章内容可知文章介绍基因控制的好处和危害。Power and danger of gene control是最合适的标题。故选C。
第二节
【语篇解读】随着网络的普及，人们在网上交流的越来越多。但是在网上交流也有一些规定要遵守。
16．D 后文讲到＂Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.＂如果你 站在另一个人 的位置应该感觉如何。可知此处应该指的是＂用你想要被对待的方式去对待别人＂，故选D。
17．B 根据上文的句子＂For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, ‘Would I say this to the person’s face?’＂可知这 里指的是＂重复这个过程，直到你有把握当面对这个人说这些话而感到舒服＂。故选B。
18．F 根据上文的句子＂If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.＂可知这里指的是＂你应该要么不理这个人，要么使用聊天软件拦 截他们的对话＂。故选F。
19．C 根据下文的句子＂Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate.＂可知这里指的是＂每个人曾经对这个网络都是陌生的＂。故选C。
20．G 根据上文的句子＂Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else.＂可 知这里指的是＂如果你确实决定告诉某人一个错误，要礼貌地指出＂。故选G。
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了身患癌症的作者在战胜病魔后，对生活充满了热情，以积极乐观的态度投入生活的故事。
21. B 根据下文 how sick I truly was then可知， 作者在治疗过程中不知道自己病情的严重程度，故选B。
22. A 根据语境可知，作者已经有五年没有接受化疗了，故选A。
23. D 根据前文的off chemotherapy 可判断，作者的癌症被治愈了。cure. . . of 治愈……的疾病，此处用过去分词表示被动。
24. A 根据前句可知，生病的孩子们情绪差，作者希望他们感到愉快。
25. C 根据空后的respected 判断，此处为孩子们钦佩和尊敬的名人，故选C。
26. B 作者在看到患病儿童开心的时候自己也是开心的。
27. D 根据上文中的brighten可以判断选D，light up照亮。
28. A 从后文 I was often too 30 to attend可以判断，作者该进入高三学习了。
29. C 从前句I love learning和后文可知，作者喜欢上学，由此判断，作者会很珍惜在学校的时间，故选C。
30. B 根据上下文可知，作者因生病化疗身体虚弱而不能上学，故选B。
31. C 从下文的＂walk＂＂run＂和＂play sports＂等词可判断，此处指体育运动。
32. D 根据下文的＂run＂ 判断，作者身体虚弱而不能走路，更别说跑了。 let…alone更别说。
33. A 根据下文中的＂aim＂判断，化疗结束后，能够再次跑步、运动是作者的目标，故选 A。
34. C 根据下文＂Being able to stand on the court and play sports again＂判断，作者希望仍然能参加体育运动。
35. D 从语境判断，作者病愈后达到了自己的目标。
36. A 根据上文中的＂overjoyed＂可以推断作者目标达成后惊喜的心情，故选A。
37. B 根据后面的从句内容可知，作者想传递的是一种积极乐观的信息。
38. C 从下文可知，人们对于作者的这种说法感到奇怪，也不理解该说法。
39. A 分析句子结构并结合语境可知此处应用and 连接两个并列的谓语。
40. D 从上文可知，只要有毅力，任何人都可以追寻自己的梦想，故选D。
第二节
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了由于父亲们在与孩子们玩耍时候常常会受到意外的伤害，得出父亲们有很多的来自家庭和工作上的压力。
41．their考查代词。句意：据说每年很多父亲在与他们的孩子玩耍时候都会经历受伤，故用their。
42．covered考查非谓语动词。句意：作为父母最危险的事情是步行通过铺满玩具的地板，前面名词floor 与动词cover之间表示被动且后面by被动语态标志，故用covered作后置定语。
43．were thrown考查被动语态。句意：他们跌倒是因为衣服和其他一些东西被扔的到处都是，此处主语与 throw之间是被动关系且主语clothes or other things（衣服和其他一些东 西）是复数，故用were thrown。
44．a/one考查冠词。句意：1/3的父亲被年幼的孩子绊倒，此处是分数的基本表达，故用 a/one。
45．in考查介词。1/5的父亲会得到意外的伤害，此处是分数的表达：基数词+介词+基数词，故用in。
46．seriously考查副词。句意：那些遭受严重伤害的父亲们不得不请假此处副词修饰动词， 故用seriously。
47．However考查副词。句意：然而并不是所有的人有医疗保险，前后形成转折且副词 However表示转折 后面用逗号隔开。
48．to prevent考查动词不定式。句意：有医疗保险的目的是阻止同样的事情发生，故用to prevent。
49．where考查连词。句意：他们很可能会面对这样的一个状况，此处先行词是situation表 示抽象的地点 且从句缺少地点状语，故用where。
50．pressure考查名词。句意：所以父亲们将要承担很多的来自家庭和工作上的压力,故用 pressure。
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
I still remember what happened to my deskmate and me in Grade One. She did ?in math tests, which I often laughed at. At last it aroused her anger ?she decided to turn her back on me. As ?result, I was refused when I needed her help. My friends began to ?fun of me about it. Feeling ashamed, I asked her for forgiveness for what I had done ?and promised not to do. She agreed to make friends with me again. And from then on I ?along well with my friends, keeping the lesson in mind.
?an old saying goes, ＂Do to others as you would have them to do to you.＂ My experience tells me that only when we respect others can we gain ?respect.
【解析】第一处：此处是说她数学考得不好，应该用副词poorly修饰动词did，故把well改为poorly。
第二处：此处表示顺承而不是转折，故把but改为and。
第三处：as a result表示＂结果＂，故把the改为a。
第四处：make fun of表示＂嘲笑＂，故把play改为make。
第五处：wrong的副词形式就是wrong，表示＂错误地＂，故把wrongly改为wrong。
第六处：此处是说不再这么做，故在do后面加so。
第七处：讲的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故把get改为got。
第八处：as a saying goes表示＂俗语道＂，故把With改为As。
第九处： have sb do sth表示＂让某人做某事＂，故把do前面的to去掉。
第十处：others’表示＂他人的＂，故把other’ s改为others’。
第二节 书面表达
Dear Tom,
I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the library with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.
Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to read. If it’s convenient to you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I should be available any time after school next week.
Yours,
Li Hua
Unit 2 Robots（1）
重 点
单 词
1. desire (n.)渴望，欲望，渴求；(vt.)希望得到，想要
2. satisfaction(n.)满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy(vt.)满足；使满意→satisfying/satisfactory(adj.) 令人满意的→satified(adj.)满足的；(感到)满意的
3. alarm(vt.)使警觉；使惊恐；惊动(n.)警报；惊恐→alarmed (adj.)担心的；害怕的
4. elegant (adj.)优雅的；高雅的；讲究的→elegance(n.)优雅，高雅→elegantly (adv.)优雅地；高雅地
5. favour(n.)喜爱；恩惠(vt.)喜爱；偏袒→favourable(adj.)肯定的；有利的
6. declare(vt.)宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration (n.)宣布；声明；宣言
7. envy(vt.)忌妒；羡慕→envious (adj.)忌妒的；羡慕的
重 要
短 语
1. 试验；考验 test out 2. 更确切地说or rather
3. 伸手去够 reach for 4. 给……打电话ring up
5. 转向；回转turn around 6．从……掉下来 fall off
7．及时；迟早 in time 8．抱着某人 hold sb. in one’s arms
9．不仅仅；不止 more than
10．不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起 leave…alone
关键句 型
1. His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine.
2. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
3. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.
1. desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要
have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物
have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事
desire that...渴望……(从句中谓语动词用should＋动词原形，其中should可以省略)
desire sth.希望得到……；想要……
? He has a strong desire for success./He has a strong desire to succeed.
他非常渴望成功。
? We desire only that you(should) do your best.
我们只盼望你们尽最大的努力。
【注意】
当desire后接同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句时，that从句常用虚拟语气，谓语用should＋动词原形，且should可以省略。
?He desired that the company (should) call him this week.
他期望那家公司这周能给他打电话。
【跟踪典例】
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I have no desire ________(discuss) the matter further.
②Anyone who desires ________(vote) must come to the meeting.
③He expressed his desire that his books ________(reach) as many people as possible.
【答案】①to discuss ②to vote ③(should) reach
2. alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n.警报；惊恐
?I don’t want to alarm you but it is very serious.
我不想吓唬你但这事的确很严重。
?When the fire broke out, the brave woman sounded the alarm.
当火灾发生时，这位勇敢的妇女发出了警报。
【巧学助记】
【归纳拓展】
alarmed adj.害怕的；惊恐的
sound/give/raise the alarm发出警报
be alarmed at/by被……吓一跳
be alarmed to do sth.做……感到恐慌
alarming adj.令人害怕的
in alarm惊恐地
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①＂出什么事了？＂他惊恐地问道。
＂What’s up？＂he asked ________ ________.
②那声音把鸟吓飞了。
__________________________， the birds flew away.
③我看到那些人带着枪感到很惊恐。
I ________ ________ ________ ________ that the men were carrying guns.
【答案】①in alarm ②Alarmed by the noise ③was alarmed to see
3．sympathy n．同情(心)
?Every man in trouble wants sympathy.
每个遇到麻烦的人都渴望得到同情。
?She felt sympathy for his sufferings.
她对他的遭遇深感同情。
【归纳拓展】
feel/have sympathy for同情某人
in sympathy with同情；赞成；和……一致
out of sympathy with对……不同情；不赞成；对……没有同感，和……不一致
win sympathy of博得……的同情
【跟踪典例】
①After hearing her story，he __________________(对……深表同情)her present situation.
②They looked at the begging orphan __________________(同情地)．
③The leaders went on strike __________________(支持)the workers.
【答案】 ①felt/had great sympathy for ②with sympathy ③in sympathy with
4. favour vt.喜爱；偏袒 n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；支持
?Many countries favour a presidential system of government.
很多国家都喜欢总统制政府。
?He was careful to show no favour to anyone.
他小心谨慎地不偏袒任何人。
【归纳拓展】
do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙
in favour of sb./sth.赞成；支持
in sb.’s favour对某人有利
【跟踪典例】
①My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ________favour of it.
②I was just wondering if you could________me a favour.
③When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step
aside________younger men.
A．in terms of B．in need of
C．in favor of D．in praise of
【答案】①in
②do 句意：不知道您是否能帮我一个忙？do sb.a favour意为＂帮某人一个忙＂，符合句意。
③C【解析】 句意：当被问及他们对校长的意见时，许多老师都希望看到他退下来让位给年轻人。 in terms of就……而言；in need of需要；in favor of支持，赞同；in praise of赞扬。根据句意可知应选C项。
5. accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；伴随；与……同时
?Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.
14岁以下儿童必须有成人陪伴。
?Her mother accompanied her on the piano.
她母亲用钢琴为她伴奏。
【归纳拓展】
(1)accompany sb. at/on sth.用……给某人伴奏
accompany sb. to...陪某人到……
be accompanied by...由……陪同或伴随
(2)accompanist n．伴随者
company n．同伴；客人；公司；戏剧团
keep sb. company陪伴某人
【注意】accompany作动词用时意为＂陪同……去……＂(go with...)，本身已包含了go的含义，因而不能再与go连用。如：
?I accompanied him to the hotel.我陪他去了宾馆。
【跟踪典例】
①Thunder usually ____________________ (伴随着闪电)．
②I’ll __________________________(用吉他给你伴奏) when you sing.
③He ________________________(陪他父亲去) the hospital to see what was wrong with his stomach.
【答案】 ①accompanies lightning ②accompany you on/at the guitar ③accompanied his father to
6. ring up(给……)打电话
?She rang up yesterday to make an appointment with our manager.
昨天她打电话与我们经理进行了预约。
【注意】ring up中的up是副词，接人称代词作宾语时，人称代词要放在ring和up之间，接名词作宾语时，名词既可放在ring和up之间，也可放在ring up之后。
?Could you ring me up here as soon as he arrives?
他一到你就给我打电话好吗？
【归纳拓展】
与打电话有关的短语有：
call sb.(up)/phone sb./telephone sb.打电话给某人
give sb. a ring/phone/call打电话给某人
make a telephone call to sb.打电话给某人
ring back回电话给(某人)
ring off放下电话，挂断电话
ring off＝hang up挂断电话
hold on＝hang on别挂断电话
【跟踪典例】
根据语境完成下列有关打电话的句子
①David ________ while you were out； he wanted you to __________him__________ later.
②On arriving at the airport，he________ his mother to say everything was OK.
【答案】①rang/called you up或gave you a(phone)call或gave you a ring；ring/call；back
②rang/called up或phoned或telephoned
7．turn around转向；回转；转身
?He turned around to find a policeman looking at him.
他一转身发现一个警察在看他。
?Though the situation looks gloomy it will eventually turn round.
尽管形势看起来不好，但最终会好转的。
【归纳拓展】
turn away 把……打发走
turn down 降低；压低(力量、声音等)；拒绝
turn up把声音开大；出现
turn in 上床睡觉；上交
turn on 打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)
turn out关闭(煤气、自来水、电灯等)；结果是；在场
turn over 翻转；考虑
turn to 向……求助；翻到(页码等)
【跟踪典例】
With no one to ______ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn around D. turn to
【答案】D 句意：因为在这样恐怖情况下没有可以求助的人，她感到无助。 turn to表示＂求助于＂。
8. declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
declare sth.宣布某事
declare that...宣布……
declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against...公开表明(声明)支持/反对
declare off取消
declare oneself发表意见，表明态度
declare war on/against(对……)宣战
?She declared that the whole project was a waste of time and money.
她声称整个项目既浪费时间又浪费钱。
?Soon they will declare her the owner of the house.
很快他们就会宣布她为房子的主人。
【跟踪典例】
补全句子
①在1938年，希特勒向波兰宣战，从而引发了第二次世界大战。
In 1938, Hitler ________ ________ ________ Poland, which started the Second World War.
②我们一再宣称永远不会首先使用核武器。
We ________ ________ ______ ________ ________ ________ that we will never be the first to use nuclear
weapons.
【答案】①declared war against ②have time and time again declared
9. envy vt. & n．忌妒；羡慕
envy sth.
envy sb. sth.
envy sb. doing sth.
feel envy at/of对……感到忌妒或羡慕
be the envy of sb./sth.羡慕(或忌妒)的对象/东西
?I envy you your success. 我羡慕你的成功。
?I envy you having such a happy family.
我羡慕你有一个这么幸福的家庭。
【跟踪典例】
翻译句子
①他们的新房子让邻居羡慕。
__________________________________________________________
②出于忌妒，他作了伪证。
__________________________________________________________
【答案】
①Their new house made them the envy of their neighbors.
②He made the fault witness out of envy.
10. leave alone不管；不惹；让……一个人待着，让……单独在一起
?Please leave the fragile objects alone!
请不要动那些易碎物品！
?Leave me alone！Go away!
别打扰我！走开！
【归纳拓展】
leave off停止
leave for...动身到……
leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑
leave sth. with sb.把……托付给某人
leave aside搁置一边
leave behind遗留；把……抛在后面
【跟踪典例】
Be careful not to_____any letter when you spell the word.
A. leave off B. leave out
C. leave behind D. leave alone
【答案】B句意：拼写这个单词时，不要漏掉任何字母。leave off 停止，中断；leave out遗漏；leave behind 遗留，留下；leave alone不管，不理，不干涉。
11. His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine.
机器人名叫托尼，看上去更像一个人，而不像台机器。
在more...than...中，肯定＂more＂后面的内容而否定＂than＂后面的内容，相当于＂是……而不是……＂。 如：
?The hat is more green than blue.这顶帽子是绿色而不是蓝色。
?The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.与其说这是本语法书还不如说是一本字
典。
【归纳拓展】
more than
no more than仅仅
not more than不超过
no＋比较级＋than与……一样不……
not＋比较级＋than不比……更……
【跟踪典例】
——安妮行为很不友好。
——我认为安妮与其说是不友好，不如说是害羞。
—Anne acts quite unfriendly.
—I think she is ________ ________ ________unfriendly.
【答案】more shy than more...than...＂与其说……倒不如说……＂。
12．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
(1)本句中there stood Gladys Claffern是倒装句式，并且是全部倒装。句子的主语是Gladys Claffern，谓语 是stood，there作地点状语。正常语序应是＂Gladys Claffern stood there＂。
(2)当here，there，now，then，in，down，out，up，off，away等表示地点、时间和方位的副词位于句首，谓语动词是come，go，live，lie，stand等，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。其中谓语动词多用一般现在时或者一般过去时，而不能用进行时态，且当主语是代词时，不用倒装结构。
?There stands an old pine tree in front of our classroom.
我们教室前有一棵老松树。
?The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.门开了，史密斯先生走了进来。
【跟踪典例】
①看！你老师来了。
Look! Here ________ ________ ________.
②这儿有年轻人穿的外衣。
_______________________________________________
【答案】①comes your teacher 由here, there等作状语位于句首，谓语是come, go, rush, run等不及物动词， 且主语是名词，主谓要全部倒装。
②Here are coats for young people.
13. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.
也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。
本句结构为强调句式。其结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who…强调部分可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语等。
?It was Tom and Jack that/who saw an interesting film in Binhai Cinema last night.
昨天晚上在滨海电影院看了一场有趣的电影的是汤姆和杰克。(强调主语)
【归纳拓展】
强调句的句型：
①陈述句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
②一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分？
③特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？
④not...until...句型的强调句为：
It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分
【注意】
强调句与其他从句容易混淆，判断它们的方法是：
判断的方法是把it is/was和that去掉后，适当调整句子的语序，如果句子不缺少成份，句意通顺就是强调句型，否则考虑其他从句。如：
?It is said that he is studying in the USA now.(主语从句)据说他现在在美国学习。
?It was he that helped me.(强调句)是他帮助了我。
【跟踪典例】
It was only after he had read the papers__________Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B句意:直到读了那些文件后,Gross先生才意识到他面前的任务完成起来是极其困难的。本句是强调句型,强调时间状语。It is/was...that/who...是强调句的标志,去掉后,句子依然完整。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．The musician is________(伴奏)the singer at the piano.
2．Before answering the questions, you’d better________(浏览)all of them.
3．The Premier is busy dealing with important________(事务)of state.
4．She________(宣布)that she would not take drugs any longer.
5．Her classmates________(羡慕)her good luck.
6．Although it is a ________(小说), it is based on fact.
7．Liz earned a ￡1,000 ________(奖金) for being the best salesperson of the year.
8．I have a lot of ________(同情) for her; she has to bring up the children on her own.
9．All the dancers looked so ________(优雅的) as they moved slowly on the stage.
10．He walked in and saw her sitting on the floor, ________(堆积) books into a box.
Ⅱ.选词填空
ring up，reach for，test out，let sb. alone，or rather, turn around
1．I ________ the salt, but knocked over a bottle of wine.
2．He is often in a temper; so ________ him ________.
3．He went home very late last night, ________， in the early hours this morning.
4．Some women especially enjoy passengers ________ to see them.
5．My classmate ________ me ________ saying that the school football team had had three victories this month
against other schools.
6．After Boeing(波音公司) had the plane built, it was ______ thoroughly.
Ⅲ.用适当的介、副词填空
1．Don’t ring ________； I haven’t finished my story.
2．Please turn the sentence ________ English.
3．I really expected him to turn ________ on time.
4．I’m sure things will turn ________ all right.
5．Hundreds of people have to be turned ________ from the stadium.
6．The bus had to back up and turn ________.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．________ ________ ________(让我满意的是), we have settled everything in connection with this.
2．Some people ________ ________ ________ ________(渴望……)a nicer car and a bigger house.
3．Please ask him to________ ________ ________(给我打电话)before nine tomorrow morning.
4．The woman dare not ______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(把她的婴儿独自留
在房子里)even for five minutes.
5．Do you think he will __________ __________ ________ ________(声明反对这项计划)?
Ⅰ. 完形填空
In many movies and books set in the future, robots can fly spaceships, work as maids or butlers, and even act as police officers.
The ＂K5＂ robots are part of a trial program to 1 a machine’s ability to perform the duties of a safety officer. The robots are 2 with HD security cameras, alarms, etc. In addition, they have an artificial intelligence system that will 3 a human security guard if they notice anything unusual.
The robots’ 4 can also analyze faces and read license plates(号码牌). The robots can check whether a plate 5 belongs to a stolen vehicle. Plus the robots’ on-board cameras are able to 6 good-quality videos in low-light conditions.
The K5 is able to 7 through its environment by using GPS as well as an internal navigation system. Each time the K5 is brought to a 8 place, a human uses a wireless controller to 9 the robot around the area. This helps the K5 ＂learn＂ about its 10 .
＂You give it a base map and then it starts 11 from that,＂ says Stacy Stephens, the co-founder of Knightscope.
Unlike humans, the K5 security guards don’t need 12 — they can work almost 24 hours a day. The robots run on rechargeable batteries, and a single 13 lasts 24 hours. If a robot notices that its battery is getting 14 , it will return to a charging port and plug itself 15 . It takes only 15-20 minutes to fully recharge, so the K5s are not out of 16 for long.
Though the K5 may look friendly and does not carry any weapons, it’s not 17 to be messed with. An ear-piercing alarm will sound 18 the K5 is trapped for more than a few minutes.
The robots are designed to do the kind of work a human security guard would 19 do, but they also take on the repetitive(重复乏味的) and sometimes 20 guard work, Stephens explains.
1. A. improve B. change C. influence D. test
2. A. equipped B. surrounded C. fixed D. decorated
3. A. approach B. warn C. represent D. defend
4. A. mind B. arms C. software D. heads
5. A. number B. size C. shape D. weight
6. A. keep B. gather C. watch D. record
7. A. lead B. move C. run D. look
8. A. distant B. busy C. new D. clean
9. A. guide B. show C. carry D. transport
10. A. gestures B. signals C. conditions D. surroundings
11. A. escaping B. suffering C. building D. learning
12. A. meals B. breaks C. rewards D. repairs
13. A. charge B. duty C. task D. activity
14. A. old B. bad C. low D. poor
15. A. in B. away C. out D. off
16. A. order B. work C. control D. service
17. A. supposed B. meant C. intended D. seemed
18. A. though B. unless C. as D. if
19. A. normally B. willingly C. fearfully D. occasionally
20. A. peaceful B. dangerous C. hopeful D. energetic
Ⅱ.阅读理解
1.6-meter tall robot may soon become the best friend for lonely elderly people, as Chinese scientists are making the final sprint(冲刺)toward its market launch(投放), said a senior researcher on the robot project on Saturday.
＂We are working on testing the exact functions and ways to reduce the cost in preparations for an expected market launch of the robot in two to three years，＂ said Li Ruifeng, a member of the project.
He said the team hoped to reduce the cost so that the robot can be priced at 30,000 to 50,000 yuan, which is expected to be an affordable price for most of China’s better-off families.
The robot has been developed with the functions of fetching food, medicine, sounding alarms in case of water or gas leakage, sending texts or video images via wireless communications, and even singing a song or playing chess to entertain its masters.
Li said that the robot, developed independently in China, has technology at the same level as those in western labs.
China set about the research of the robot in 2007, when it was listed as a national key project. It is backed by government funding(拨款). China has the world’s largest elderly population with 159 million people over 60, accounting for 12 percent of its total population. According to a survey by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, more than 10 million caregivers and nurses are needed to attend the elderly population, as most of Chinese elderly prefer to live their retired lives at home.
1．The passage mainly talked about________.
A．the problems of Chinese elderly population
B．the advantages of the Robot caregivers
C．robot caregivers for the elderly to the market
D．the government’s attention to the elderly
2．The underlined word ＂backed＂in the last paragraph means________.
A．supported B．suggested
C．controlled D．stopped
3．From the last paragraph we know that________.
A．our government pays no attention to the elderly people
B．China has the world’s largest elderly population
C．Chinese elderly people prefer to be looked after by robot caregivers
D．robots are the best friends for the lonely elderly people
4．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Robot caregivers will appear in the market in 2 or 3 years.
B．Robot caregivers can help elderly people to everything.
C．The robot needs some technology from western labs.
D．The robot is expected to be bought by every people.
5．The author wrote the passage to________.
A．advertise a robot caregiver to the elderly
B．tell China elderly not to worry about their life
C．explain how robot caregivers work in the future
D．introduce a newly-developed robot caregiver
1．（2016·天津）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel_________the coach picks up tourists.
A.who B.which C.where D.that
2．（2015·湖南）It was when we were returning home________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped
someone in trouble.
A.which B.that C.where D.how
3．（2014·湖南）Children, when_________ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A.to be accompanied B.to accompany
C.accompanying D.accompanied
4．（2014·浙江）Facing up to your problems_________running away from them is the best approach to working
things out.
A.more than B.rather than C.along with D.or rather
5．（2014·浙江）How could you_________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?
A.turn off B.turn in C.turn down D.turn to
6．（2013·江西）Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______.
A.curiosity B.satisfaction C.envy D.patience
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1.accompanying 2.scan 3.affairs 4.declared 5.envy
6.fiction 7.bonus 8.sympathy 9.elegant 10．piling
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.reached for 2.let; alone 3.or rather
4.turning around 5.rang; up 6.tested out
Ⅲ.用适当的介、副词填空
1.off 2.into 3.up 4.out 5.away 6.around
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.To my satisfaction 2.have a desire for 3.ring me up
4．leave her baby alone in the house 5.declare against the plan
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一款名为K5的机器人的一些情况。
1．D 根据空前的＂a trial program to＂和空后的＂a machine’s ability＂可知,这个项目是为了验证机器人的
能力。
2．A结合空后的＂with HD security cameras, alarms, etc＂可知,机器人配备了高清安全摄像机,警报器等。
3．B根据空后的＂if they notice anything unusual＂可知,如果机器人注意到任何不寻常的事情,他们就会提醒 保安人员。
4．C结合上文中的＂they have an artificial intelligence system＂可知,机器人安装了人工智能系统,它们的软件 可以识别面孔和汽车的号码牌。
5．A根据语境可知,此处表示机器人能够核对这个汽车的号码牌号是否属于被盗的车辆。
6．D根据空后的＂good-quality videos in low-light conditions＂可知,在低光线环境下机器人可以录制高品质 视频。
7．B根据空后的＂through its environment by using GPS as well as an internal navigation system＂可知,机器人
可以利用GPS和内部导航系统移动。
8．C结合下文中的＂This helps the K5 ‘learn’ about its＂可知,把机器人带到一个新的地方让它了解环境。
9．A根据空前的＂a human uses a wireless controller＂和空后的＂the robot around the area＂可知,人们可以使
用无线遥控器指引机器人。
10．D根据语境可知,当机器人被带到一个新地方,人们使用无线遥控器指引机器人,帮助它＂了解＂周围的环境。
11．C结合前面的＂You give it a base map and then＂可知,人们给这个机器人一个地图,然后它就可以在这个
基础上构建周围的情况。
12．B从空后的＂they can work almost 24 hours a day＂可知,机器人一天几乎可以工作24个小时,所以它们不
需要休息。
13．A根据空前的＂The robots run on rechargeable batteries＂可知,机器人用的是可充电的电池,充一次电可以
维持24个小时。
14．C根据空后的＂it will return to a charging port＂可知,如果机器人注意到它的电量低,它就会返回到充电端口。
15．A结合语境可知,机器人会给自己充电。plug sth. in＂接通(电源),把(插头)插进(插座)＂。
16．D根据空前的＂It takes only 15-20 minutes to fully recharge＂可知,它充电很快,因此它不在岗的时间很短。
17．B结合语境可知,机器人看起来很友好,并且没有携带任何武器,但这并不意味着它可以被干涉。
18．D根据空后的＂the K5 is trapped for more than a few minutes＂可知,如果机器人被困超过几分钟的话,它就 会发出警报。
19．A根据语境可知,机器人被设计成可以做保安人员通常做的事情。
20．B机器人还要做一些重复乏味和危险的工作。dangerous＂危险的＂符合语境。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
【文章大意】文中介绍了一种即将面世的机器人，这种机器人可以照顾孤独老人的生活。
1. C 【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段首句＂A 1.6-meter tall robot may soon become the best friend for lonely
elderly people, as Chinese scientists are making the final sprint toward its market launch＂可知。
2. A 【解析】词义猜测题。由前一句的＂a national key project＂及其后的＂by government funding(拨款)＂可
知。
3. B 【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段第三句＂China has the world’s largest elderly population with 159 million
people over 60, accounting for 12 percent of its total population.＂可知。
4. A 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段＂We are working on testing the exact functions and ways to reduce the cost in preparations for an expected market launch of the robot in two to three years＂可知。
5. D【解析】主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文讲述了一种可以照顾孤独老年人生活的机器人即将面世以及
与其相关的测试、成本、功能、技术、前景等。
K真题
1.D【解析】考查强调句型。句意:你等错地方了,教练是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知,此处是一个对
地点状语进行强调的强调句型,故用that。
2.B 【解析】句意:当我们回家的时候,我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉真好。when we were returning home
是一个when引导的时间状语从句,对应的主句是后面整个句子,去掉＂It was＂和空处,句子成立,说明该 句是个强调句型,故选B。
3.D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当被他们的父母陪同时,孩子们被允许进入体育场。when accompanied by
their parents是一个过去分词短语作状语,相当于一个时间状语从句when they are accompanied by their
parents,此处省略了they are,故选D。
4.B【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:勇敢地面对问题而不是逃避问题是解决问题的最好办法。rather than＂而不是＂ 符合句意。more than＂多于,不仅仅＂;along with＂连同一起,与＂;or rather＂更精确地说,倒不如说＂。
5.C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意:你怎么能在失业了几个月的这个时候拒绝这么好的工作呢?turn down＂
拒绝＂符合句意。
6.D【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:无论什么时候我犯了错误,老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience＂耐心＂,
符合句意。curiosity＂好奇心＂;satisfaction＂满意,满足＂;envy＂忌妒＂
Unit 2 Robots（2）
重点
单词
1．affection (n.)喜爱；爱；感情→affect(vt.)影响；感动→effect(n.)结果；作
用；影响
2．part-time (adj.)兼职的→full-time(adj.)全部时间的；专任的；全职的
3．junior(adj.)较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的(n.)年少者；晚辈；等级
较低者→senior (adj.)年长的；资历较老的；地位较高的；高级的
4．talent (n.)天才；特殊能力；才干→talented(adj.)有才能的；天才的
5．theory(n.)理论→theoretical (adj.)理论上的
6．obey (vt.& vi.)服从；顺从→disobey(vt.& vi.)不服从；违抗
7．assessment (n.)评价；评定→assess(vt.)评价；评定；估价；估定
重要
短语
1．将……放到一边 set aside
2．从那时起 from then on
3．除……之外(还)，也；和 as well as
4. 一定做 be bound to
5. 获得硕士学位 gain a master’s degree
6. 认真对待某人/某事物 take sb. /sth. seriously
关键句型
Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy(1951-1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.
1. set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
?This problem is a little difficult so we should set it aside.
这个问题有点难，因此，我们应把它放在一边。
?Now most of middle-aged couples have to set aside some money for the future.
现在大多数中年夫妇不得不为将来存一些钱。
【归纳拓展】
set off出发；起程；引爆
set about 着手/开始做……(后接名词、动名词)
set out出发；开始做……(后接不定式)
set down放下；记下
set up建立；树立；搭起
set...back使推迟；耽误
set forth出发；动身；起程；阐明；陈述
【跟踪典例】
Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ________ on their life journey.
A．give up B．settle down
C．get through D．set off
【答案】D give up放弃；settle down定居，(使)安静下来；get through完成，读完，通过，用完；set off出发，(使)开始，引起。句意：依照惯例，为激励自己，大学生在踏上人生旅程之前会举行一场毕业典礼。根据句意应选D项。
2. staff n．全体员工；手杖
vt.给……配备职员
?It’s a small hospital with a staff of just over a hundred.
这是一家小医院，只有一百多名员工。
?Our hospital is staffed with 30 doctors.我们医院有30名医生。
注意：
staff作主语时，若看作整体，则谓语动词用单数；若看作个体，则谓语动词用复数。
?The staff in this company is high in quality.这家公司的员工素质很高。
?The staff in this shop are ready to help others.这家店里员工乐于助人。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①Tom________ ________ ________(成为员工)in 1998.
②The company is small__________ ________ ________ ________(有员工)60.
③The old man can walk only with the help of a ________ ________(拐杖)．
【答案】①joined the staff ②with a staff of ③walking staff
3. junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的
n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者
?He is the champion of the world junior diving championship.
他是世界少年组跳水锦标赛的冠军。
?I was the most junior person in my company.我在公司资历最浅。
?He is my junior by three years.他比我小三岁。
【归纳拓展】
be junior to比……资历浅/地位低
be senior to比……资历深/地位高
【图解助记】
junior，senior，superior等本身含有比较的意味，故没有比较级和最高级；表示比较时，不与than而与to搭配。
?Though Jack looks younger than Ann, he’s senior to her.
虽然杰克看上去比安年轻，但他比她年长。
【跟踪典例】
He’s junior ______ his sister _______ two years.
A. by ; to B. in ; to C. to ; by D. by ; by
【答案】C 句意：他比姐姐小两岁。be junior to sb. by…比某人小几岁。结合语境，故选C。
4. talent n．天才；才干；特殊能力；有才能的人
?He showed considerable talent for getting what he wanted.
他很有天资，能够心想事成。
?There is a wealth of young talents in British theatre.
英国戏剧界青年一代人才辈出。
【归纳拓展】
have a talent for...有……的天赋
talented adj.天才的；有才能的
gift n．天赋；天才；才能
gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的
【完成句子】
①He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(极有音乐天赋)．
②She is ________ ________ ________(天才的艺术家)．
③She shows talent ________ ________ ________(善交朋友)．
【答案】①has a great talent for music ②a talented artist ③for making friends
5. Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation
trilogy(1951-1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.
在他那些极负盛名的科幻小说中，有一部获奖作品叫做《基地》三部曲(1951～1953)，有三个小故事，讲
的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。
主句的主语是代词one，谓语是was, the Foundation trilogy(1951-1953)是表语。for which引导的定语从句修饰one。three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future是the Foundation trilogy(1951-1953)的同位语。代词one在句中起替代作用。如：
?A bridge made of stone lasts longer than one made of wood.
用石头建的桥比用木头建的桥持续的时间要长。
【易混辨析】
it, one, that, those
it
通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物
one
表示泛指概念，替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones也表示泛指概念，用来替代可数名词的复数形式。the one(s)也是替代可数名词，但表示特指概念
that
既可以用来指代可数名词单数，又可以用来指代不可数名词，表示特指概念，相当于＂the＋名词＂结构
those
替代上文提到的人或物中特指的那些，替代可数名词复数
【跟踪典例】
用恰当代词填空
①(2015真题改编·天津)The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger
schools.
②(真题改编·浙江)Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share
their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
【答案】①that 句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of
education，故用代词that。
②those 本题考查代词的用法。句意：在那些16个国家的被调查者中有一半说他们首先要去找他
们最亲密的朋友去分享他们最深刻的愿望和最隐秘的恐惧。分析结构可知，此处要用代词指代那
些被调查者。此处为特指，用those相当于the ones。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It’s difficult to________the effects of these changes.
2．This bridge over the river has a steel________(结构)．
3．Mrs. Cook________(离婚) her husband.
4．This book is a carefully documented________(传记)．
5．The________(员工)in this shop are very helpful.
6．As a________(晚辈) ，we should respect the old.
7．If you love me，you will________(遵守)what I command.
8．My________(兼职的)job has nothing to do with my major.
9．How________(荒谬的) of you to do that!
10．The singer was________on the piano by her sister.
Ⅱ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
in public set off carry out from then on be based on make comments on
become infected with set aside in all be bound to
1．He ________come, for he is always keep his word.
2．Don’t________that kind of task which will do harm to others.
3．Recently many buildings in Afganistan have been________by terrorists.
4．I warned them not to do it, but my objection was ________.
5．The doctor happened to________HIV when operating on a patient.
6．We have 13 subjects to learn________.
7．His theory________the facts.
8．Though the girl was shy, her parents managed to make her speak________.
9．________she has performed in several films.
10．Don’t________anything if you know nothing about it.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他过去对这项工作非常认真。
He________this work very________in the past.
2．他是在雨停的时候出去的。
________ ________ ________it stopped raining________he went out.
3．由于他这次历史性的飞行，他成为了一个国际英雄和传奇人物。
________ ________ ________ ________his historic flight he became an international hero and legend.
4．我们最终一定会成功。
We________ ________ ________succeed in the end.
5．我失业时我父亲帮我摆脱困难。
My father ________ ________ ________ when I lost my job.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Claude Sammut, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of New South Wales in Australia, said it would soon be possible for robots to defeat the stars of the future.
For many years, Mr Sammut has been a member of a project called RoboCup, where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match.
As he explains, the robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on their own, but he is still full of confidence that one day in the future they will show the same skills as Wayne Rooney, who is one of the best football players in the world.
Mr Sammut also said，＂In 1968, John McCarthy and Donald Michie made a bet with David Levy, who was then the chess champion in Scotland, that within 10 years a computer program would be able to beat him. It took a little bit longer than 10 years (nearly 30 years) but eventually such programs came into being.＂
＂In the same spirit of a grand challenge, RoboCup aims to develop a team of robots that can defeat the world soccer champion team by the year 2050. To achieve this, or come even closer to the ambition, the robots will have to be able to sense and act in completely unstructured environments. This will require major advances in perception(感知), decision making, learning, and cooperative behaviors. Considering robots are integrated hardware and software systems, great advances will also be needed in sensors (传感器) , energy storage, and materials.＂
1．The RoboCup is aimed to develop robots that know how to ________.
A．play computer football games
B．play football and win in real matches
C．understand the rules of the football game
D．improve the skills of real football players
2．What kind of difficulties are the robots facing in playing football?
A．They can’t run as fast as real people.
B．They can’t recognize their partners accurately.
C．They can’t control the ball well by themselves.
D．They can’t pass the ball to their partners.
3．The idea of designing a computer program that could defeat a chess champion came forth ________.
A．in 1968 B．in 1978
C．in the 1990s D．30 years ago
4．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Scientists’ Wisdom in Designing Robot Football Players
B．Robot Football Players to Beat the World’s Best Team by 2050
C．Robot Football Players’ Bright Future
D．Mr Sammut—the Father of Robot Football Players
Ⅱ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限1词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
During my winter vacation , I spend my lucky money on a special gift for Grandma. One Friday afternoon, I went to a cellphone store and chose a large button phone special designed for seniors. I gave them to my grandma when I came to visit her at the weekend. Upon receive the phone , Grandma was very happy and eager learn how to use it. I had patiently explained all the important functions she needed. Grandma learned carefully but wanted to have a try straight away .Under my help, she successfully called her good friend .That afternoon Grandma proudly told the neighbor that she could make calls with the new phone I bought her. They all praised what thoughtful I was.
1．（2016·浙江）In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.
A.that B.this C.one D.it
2．（2013·湖北）In much of the animal world, night is the time ______ for sleep—pure and simple.
A.set aside B.set down
C.set off D.set up
3. （2015·湖北）He gave himself a new name to hide his _______ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent
C. identity D. treasure
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.assess 2.framework 3.divorced 4.biography 5．staff
6.junior 7.obey 8.part-time 9.absurd 10．accompanied
Ⅱ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
1.is bound to 2.carry out 3.set off 4.set aside 5.become infected with
6.in all 7.is based on 8.in public 9．From then on 10.make comments on
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.took；seriously 2.It was when; that 3.As a result of
4．are bound to 5.helped me out
K能力
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【文章大意】本文介绍了未来的足球队，它们在2050年有可能打败人类最好的足球队。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段＂...where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match.＂可知应选B。
2. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段＂...the robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on their own...＂可知应选C。
3. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段＂In 1968，John McCarthy and Donald Michie made a bet with David Levy, who was then the chess champion in Scotland...＂可知应选A。
4. B【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是机器人足球队在2050年可能会打败人类最好的足球队，故B项 能体现文章的大意。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
During my winter vacation , I my lucky money on a special gift for Grandma. One Friday afternoon, I went to a cellphone store and chose a large button phone designed for seniors. I gave to my grandma when I came to visit her at the weekend. Upon the phone , Grandma was very happy and eager learn how to use it. I had patiently explained all the important functions she needed. Grandma learned carefully wanted to have a try straight away. my help, she successfully called her good friend .That afternoon Grandma proudly told the that she could make calls with the new phone I bought her .They all praised thoughtful I was.
K真题
1.A【解析】考查代词。句意:美国的教育体系与英国的教育体系在很多方面差异性不大。根据句意可知,空
格处可以填入the education system,故可以用that来代替。
2.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:在很多动物世界里,夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。pure and simple表示
＂完全是,不折不扣是＂。set aside表示＂留出,拨出(时间等)＂,符合句意。set down＂写下＂;set off＂出
发,引起＂;set up＂建立＂。
3. C 【解析】句意：当他去执行那项秘密任务的时候，他给自己起了一个新名字，以隐藏自己的身份。emotion
情感；talent才能；identity身份；treasure财富，财产。
Robots（3）
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用＂被＂＂给＂＂由＂＂受＂等词来表示被动，而英语中由＂助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词＂构成。
Ⅰ.各种时态的被动结构
一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are done
am/is/are being done
has/have been done
过去
was/were done
was/were being done
had been done
将来
shall /will be done
无
shall/will have been done
过去将来
should/would be done
无
should/would have been done
?Everyone’s pay will be increased next year by 5%.明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。
?It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。
Ⅱ.主动语态表被动意义
1．有些动词如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。如：
?This pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。
?The cloth washes well.这种布料耐洗。
2．动词need, require, want, be worth后加v.-ing的主动结构表被动意义。
?My watch can’t work; it needs repairing.
我的手表不能用了，需要修了。
?This film is really worth seeing. 这部电影的确值得看。
Ⅲ.不用于被动语态的情形
不及物动词(短语)如appear, happen, remain, take place, come about, break out, come true等没有被动语态。
?A fire broke out during the night.夜间发生了火灾。
Ⅳ.动词不定式的被动形式和用法
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般时和完成时。
一般时：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。
完成时：to have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
?He didn’t expect the book to be received so well.他没想到这本书会受到如此热烈的欢迎。
Ⅴ.不定式的主动形式表被动意义
1．动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语，不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
?Would you bring me a bench to sit on?
你给我拿个凳子来坐好吗？
2．在＂主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式＂句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多，常用的有：amusing, cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, hard, important, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, funny, heavy, light等。
?That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答。
3．在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
?This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。
4．在there be...句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语重点在人，用被动形式作定语重点在物。比较：
There is a lot of work to do.(用to do可看成是for us to do)
There is a lot of work to be done.(用to be done＂谁＂做工作不明确)
5．be to blame常用主动表示被动。
?Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为放火受责备？
1．(2014·北京)There are still many problems________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A.solving B.solved
C.being solved D.to be solved
2．(2013·四川)The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A.being completed B.to be completed
C.completed D.having been completed
K真题
1.D【解析】句意:在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前仍旧有很多问题需要解决。分析句子 结构可知,空处 在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事,应用不定式形式,同时solve和 problems之间 为动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式,故选D项。
2.B【解析】句意:明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区旅游业的发展。空处表示将要发 生的动作,且它与所修饰的名词the airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用不定式的被动式作定语。选 B。
想象类作文属于开放性作文，要求学生充分发挥自己的想象力。对于写作的内容，我们可以从自己的生活出发进行幻想，寻找题材；也可以就如何解决现实或者未来世界中会出现的问题进行合理的想象。
想象类作文可按照如下写作模板来写：
（1）首先，确定主题。我们可以把生活中碰到的事物、电视上或书本上看到的各种科幻形象的特点进行揉和，充分发挥自己的想象力，从而创造出一个生动的角色，确定作文的主题。
（2）其次，构思情节。情节内容的设定要新奇，要能吸引人。这就要求学生充分发挥自己的想象力，在科学的基础上合理想象。
1．My ideal robot is a (n)…
2．The robot I want will be...
3．It has two arms and four wheels.
4．It can help me with my homework/housework.
5．It can work for a long time without feeling tired.
6．It looks like a real person.
7．It has feelings like human beings.
8．It can provide companionship when I’m lonely.
社会发展到了2030年，照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求适时推出了家用机器人。该机器人的主要功能有：
1．可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整。
2．可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等。
3．及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打呼救电话等。
请你根据以上内容写一份发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐你公司的这一新产品。
注意：1.词数为120左右；
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯；
3．短文开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：突出的，显著的prominent
Ladies and gentlemen，
Thank you for attending our company’s news conference. As you know,_______________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文欣赏】
Ladies and gentlemen，
Thank you for attending our company’s news conference. As you know, with the development of society, people have to face various pressures. They don’t have enough time to attend to old people in their family, which has become a prominent social problem. To solve this problem，our company put out the household robot designed to take care of the old people.
It can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs. Besides, it can also accompany old people in having a chat, playing chess and doing exercise. Moreover，it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, the robot will call doctors for help.
All in all, it would be a great help for you if you own such a robot.
Thank you.
单元综合检测
(考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：120分)
第I卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Here are the 2016 Nobel Prize winners for achievements in Peace, Economics, Chemistry and Literature.
The Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize 2016 was awarded to Juan Manuel Santos for his resolute(坚决的) efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220, 000 Colombians and forced close to six million people to move away from the area where they live. The award should also be seen as a tribute(致敬) to the Colombian people who, despite great hardships and abuse, have not given up hope of a just peace.
The Nobel Prize in Economics
Oliver Hart, 68, a British economist teaching at Harvard, and Bengt Holmstrom, 67, a Finnish economist teaching at MIT, were announced as the winners Monday by the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden. They were awarded for their contributions to contract theory(契约理论) — the agreements that shape business, finance and public policy.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 was awarded jointly to Jean-Pierre Sauvage University of Strasbourg, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart Northwestern University and Bernard L. Feringa University of Groningen, the Netherlands for the design of molecular machines, which are the world’s smallest machines.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2016 was awarded to Bob Dylan for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. ＂The news about the Nobel Prize left me speechless,＂ the 75-year-old singer-songwriter told Danius, the academy’s permanent secretary,
＂I appreciate the honor so much.＂ But it has not yet been decided whether Dylan will attend any Nobel events in Stockholm in December, according to a statement posted Friday on the academy’s website.
1. What was Juan Manuel Santos awarded the Nobel Prize for?
A. His design of world’s smallest machines.
B. His devotion to ending Colombia’s civil war.
C. His contributions to helping victims of the civil war.
D. His creation of new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.
2. Which prize has the largest number of winners?
A. The Nobel Peace Prize. B. The Nobel Prize in Economics.
C. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry. D. The Nobel Prize in Literature.
3. How did Bob Dylan react when he knew he won the Nobel Prize in Literature?
A. He took it for granted.
B. He didn’t care about it at all.
C. He was too excited to say a word.
D. He couldn’t wait to attend the Nobel events in Stockholm.
B
I was in my first year of college, making friends and enjoying life, but then my whole world turned upside down. I had a heart attack. It felt like someone was stabbing (刺) me in the chest with a knife over and over again.
After three months of rest I went back to college, but then things took a turn for the worse. I was staying at my Nana’s house and woke up in the middle of the night with a terrible pain in my chest. I knew I was having a heart attack again.
I couldn’t even shout for help. Luckily my grandpa was going to the toilet and heard me falling out of bed. If it wasn’t for him, I probably wouldn’t be here.
The two holes in my heart were causing the problems and I needed an operation immediately to repair them. Unfortunately, the surgery didn’t go well and they only managed to repair one of the holes.
When I woke up from the operation, I had a really dry mouth and couldn’t wait to have something to eat and drink. The biggest shock of all came when I was told that I needed a heart transplant and was put on the register. The doctors were stunned at how quickly heart failure came on – it usually takes years, but it took my heart less than six months to get to that stage. My whole world came crashing down, but I stayed strong. It was a choice between crying every day and getting on with my life.
As time went on, life became even harder. I hated feeling weak all the time and needing help with everything. It got to the point where I thought I would never get a new heart. I was diagnosed with depression.
Even though I thought that Christmas 2008 would be my last, I really enjoyed it and even had a good New Year. Everyone was crying for me when the clock struck midnight and they told me to keep fighting.
A week later, I got a call from the doctors saying they’d found a suitable donor (捐赠人). My wish came true and thankfully the operation went well. I spent four hours in surgery where they took out my old heart and put a new one in. When I woke up I burst out crying. I had a second chance at life.
4. What happened when the author was having his second heart attack?
A. He felt less pain than he had during the previous one.
B. He realized what it was and shouted for help in time.
C. He narrowly escaped death thanks to his grandfather.
D. He decided to have an operation to repair the two holes in his heart.
5. When the author learned that he needed a heart transplant, he ______.
A. couldn’t help crying every day
B. chose to continue to fight for his life
C. felt so depressed that he tried to kill himself
D. was so anxious that his heart failure developed very quickly
6. At the beginning of 2009, the author ______.
A. was convinced that the past Christmas had been his last
B. felt blessed and grateful for his second chance at life
C. received a heart transplant but the operation didn’t go well
D. felt hopeless all the time and was diagnosed with depression
7. Which one would be the best title for the text?
A. Choices matter B. Rebuilding my world
C. Waiting for a new heart D. The most special Christmas
C
Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello — it is noticing another’s worth. How might the world change — how might we change — if we mastered this word? To find it out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned.
It can improve productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.
Environments influence friendliness. And researchers say pleasant environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying to work downtown.
It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure,? relieve stress and improve happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect on the recipient? (接受者). So maybe we can make the world a better place by saying hello to each other. After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of wellbeing.
8. What can be inferred in Paragraph 1?
A. Adults are not willing to say hello.
B. The first word we learn as babies is hello.
C. Saying hello is resistance to another’s worth.
D. The writer wasted a month saying hello to every person.
9. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.
A. teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active and scored higher
B. the exchange of greeting resulted in the increasing number of school students
C. students can get higher scores in tests because they greet their teachers every day
D. in private schools, there is more class participation and better grades
10. According to the passage, smiling can have the following effects on health except________.
A. lowering blood pressure B. improving intelligence
C. increasing pleasure D. reducing pressure
11. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To tell us saying hello can improve productivity.
B. To tell us saying hello is a form of universal health insurance.
C. To prove that environments influence friendliness.
D. To advise us to say hello more often.
D
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain?satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the ＂higher up＂ his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, ＂The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear＂ is better than ＂This stereo does not work＂. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.
12. When a consumer finds that his or her purchase has a fault?in it, the first thing he or she should do is to _________.
A. threaten to take the matter to court
B. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
C. show some written proof of the purchase to the store
D. complain personally to the manager
13. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage?
A. Threaten to take the seller to court.
B. Make polite and general statements about the problem.
C. Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.
D. Explain exactly what is wrong with the item.
14. According to the passage, which of the following is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?
A. Complain to the manufacturer.
B. Write a complaint letter to the manager.
C. Turn to the Consumers’ Rights Protection Organization for help.
D. Complain to the store manager in person.
15. The phrase ＂live up to＂ in this context means __________.
A. realize the purpose of B. fulfill the demands of
C. keep the promise of D. meet the standard of
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Good study habits are what separate the good students from the average. It’s natural to not want to study, especially when there are video games to play, friends to chat with and TiVo to watch. 16 Besides, developing your concentration has its own reward in that it helps make you a calmer, smarter person for life. Read on to learn how.
17
If you find the right place and keep coming back to it, you will condition your brain to focus when the time comes to read the books. Find a place where you can spread out your materials. Any location you pick should be well lighted and quiet.
Minimize distractions, including cell phones, email and social networking sites.
Noise is okay if you need the sound of music or television in the background. 18 If you are distracted by shiny objects, keep your head down so you see only the page in front of you.
Use active reading techniques to keep your brain from wandering off.
Reading is as effective as the information you remember, so challenge yourself by asking questions as you go. Try looking away from the page and summarizing out loud what you just read. 19
Mix it up.
20 It’s natural to want variety so that you stay interested in what you are trying to learn. If you find a particular subject boring, sandwich it between two subjects you enjoy.
A. Pick a spot to study.
B. Choose a time to study.
C. If you need total silence, invest in earplugs.
D. After a good study session, you will enjoy all those activities even more.
E. Make notes on what you don’t understand and follow up with the instructor.
F. Let your treat be a chat with friends, a healthy snack, or even a night on the town.
G. Study one subject for an hour, take a break, and then continue with another subject.
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply. It seems that everywhere I go, I have to 21 my identity and trustworthiness ― whether it’s a bank, shop or any office. I have been accustomed to living by the 22 that no one is trustworthy 23 proved otherwise. Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally 24 rule.
I was walking along a busy intersection when I 25 a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing setting up a stall(货摊). 26 I would ignore and hurry past such sellers. But I noticed this young man was 27 , so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his 28 .
Soon, a young mother with a little boy came by and the child set his 29 on one of teddy bears. The mother asked the 30 and it was only one dollar. She pulled out a 10 dollar note and told the young man that she was giving him 10 dollars and wanted the 31 back. I was 32 to know how he was going to do it. He told the mom to put the 33 in the pouch(袋子) hanging around his neck and take out whatever change he 34 her.
I realized that this young man’s whole mode of earning 35 on trusting people not to cheat him. There was no 36 for him to know if someone took out more out of his pouch of earning. I was so 37 by how this young man trusted people that I bought a car model from him. I did not need it, 38 . I just hoped to help a little.
Now I 39 believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to 40 others more, like the young blind street seller of toys.
21. A. introduce B. present C. prove D. request
22. A. rule B. habit C. practice D. law
23. A. if B. since C. although D. unless
24. A. similar B. different C. special D. common
25. A. approached B. noticed C. watched D. looked
26. A. Actually B. Normally C. Informally D. Casually
27. A. blind B. handsome C. disabled D. strange
28. A. clothes B. bears C. toys D. pouches
29. A. mind B. interest C. heart D. attraction
30. A. price B. stall C. toy D. help
31. A. money B. charge C. change D. note
32. A. anxious B. surprised C. pleased D. curious
33. A. hand B. money C. teddy bear D. necklace
34. A. gave B. owed C. owned D. showed
35. A. depended B. settled C. decided D. focused
36. A. problem B. point C. way D. doubt
37. A. attracted B. shocked C. excited D. touched
38. A. either B. instead C. moreover D. though
39. A. firmly B. tightly C. unwillingly D. negatively
40. A. take in B. turn to C. help out D. believe in
第II卷
注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Suppose you will go blind 3 days later? How would you spend those 3 precious days? What would you see before going into darkness forever?
I should want 41 (much) to see the things which have become dear to me through my years of darkness. I should want to see the people whose ? 42 (kind) and company have made my life worth 43 (live). First I should like to stare long 44 the face of my teacher, Mrs. Anne Sullivan Macy, who came to me when I was a child and ? 45 (open) the outer world to me. I should want not merely to see the outline of her face, so that I could cherish 46 in my memory, but to study that face and from it find the evidence of the love and patience with 47 she accomplished the difficult task of my education. I should like to see in her eyes that strength of character which has enabled her to act 48 (brave) in the face of difficulties, and that sympathy for all humankind 49 (show) to me so often.
Oh, those things above would be the things that I should see if I 50 (have) the power of sight for just 3 days!
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
There were many people on the bus and no vacant seats. When a woman got off, a man near the door attempted to rise, but she had forced him back into his seat. ＂Thank you,＂ she said, ＂but please don’t do that. I am perfect able to stand.＂ ＂But, madam, let me…＂ began the man. ＂I ask you to keep your seat,＂ interrupted a woman with the hands on her shoulders. So the man tried to rise, and said: ＂Madam, will you kindly permit me to…?＂ ＂No, no,＂ said the woman and again force him back. At last the man managed to get up, say: ＂Madam, you have carried me three block beyond my house. I want get off.＂
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是李华，已经被大学录取，即将进入大学学习。请你用英语给好友Sam写一封信，谈谈进入大学后的打算。短文应包含以下要点：
1.尽快适应环境；
2.注重能力发展。
注意：
1.全文100词左右；
2.书信的开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sam,
How are you getting along with your life recently?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2016诺贝尔奖获得者的一些情况。
1. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据＂The Nobel Peace Prize 2016 was awarded to Juan Manuel Santos for his resolute(坚决的) efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end…＂可知，Juan Manuel Santos因为努力结束哥伦比亚长达50年的内战而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。故选B。
2. C 【解析】细节理解题。2016诺贝尔和平奖和文学奖的获得者都只有一个人，经济学奖的获得者为两个人，只有化学奖是由3所大学共同获得。故选C。
3. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂‘The news about the Nobel Prize left me speechless,’ the 75-year-old singer-songwriter told Danius, the academy’s permanent secretary, ‘I appreciate the honor so much.’＂可知，Bob Dylan在得知自己获得了诺贝尔文学奖时，激动得说不出话来。故选C。
B
【语篇解读】 这是一则记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者患上心脏病，坚强地与病魔作斗争，最后终于等到了一颗新的心脏。
4.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段可知，第二次心脏病发作时，多亏我的爷爷当时在场，我才幸免于难。故选C项。
?5.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的＂My whole world came crashing down, but I stayed strong. ＂可知虽然我感觉到世界塌了，但是我依然选择坚强。也就是说为了生活继续与病魔斗争。故选B项。
6.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者做了心脏移植手术，重获了新生。作者当然是心存感激的。故选B项。
7.C【解析】标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了作者患上心脏病，坚强地与病魔作斗争，最后终于等到了一颗新的心脏。故C项正确。
C
【语篇解读】＂Hello＂这个词是我们小时候最先学会的单词之一，但也是成年人最说不出口的一个单词。作者通过自己的亲身体验来说明向别人说＂Hello＂的诸多好处。
8.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句＂It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults.可知，成年人很难将＂hello＂说出口。故选A。
9.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段画线句子并结合前面的＂This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity.＂可知，师生之间相互问候使得学校发生巨大变化：从无人情味到有人情味，师生关系融洽了，从而使更多的学生参与课堂并进而取得更好的成绩。故选A。
10.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中＂And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and improve happiness.＂可知，微笑的作用包括A、C、D三项内容，不包括＂提高智力＂。故选B。
11.D 【解析】写作意图题。根据最后一段倒数第二句＂So maybe we can make the world a better place by saying hello to each other.＂并结合上文作者提到的打招呼的诸多好处可知，作者的写作目的就是建议大家见面要经常打招呼。故选D。
D
【语篇解读】本文讲述了当消费者发现自己购买的是假冒伪劣产品或不符合生产厂家宣传的时候，消费者该如何维权。消费者可直接到店里利用已有书面证据向店主投诉或者打电话投诉或写信投诉。如果投诉得不到满意结果，消费者可以求助于消费者权益保护组织。
12.C 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段首句＂When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.＂可知，当消费者发现购买的商品有问题时，首先应出示产品的保证书或在某商场购买某商品的相关记录或证明，故选C项。
?13.D 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句＂Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.＂可知，最有效的投诉方式就是确切指出产品的问题，故选D项。
?14.C 【解析】细节理解题。由文章最后两句＂If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.＂可知，消费者购买了有问题的商品时，可以向销售者或生产商投诉，如得不到满意答复，最后的办法就是求助于消费者权益保护组织，故选C项。
?15.D【解析】词义猜测题。结合该句前半句＂is faulty or…＂（产品有瑕疵或……）和该动词短语的宾语the manufacturer’s claims(厂家的宣传)可推知，该短语应表示＂达到……的标准＂，故选D项。
第二节
【语篇解读】集中精力学习非常重要，是优秀还是普通，关键看能否集中精力学习。本文介绍了几种能让你集中精力学习的方法。
16.D 由上文＂especially when there are video games to play, friends to chat with and TiVo to watch.＂可知答案D适合。
17.A 由下文的关键词＂If you find the right place＂＂Find a place where you can＂＂Any location you pick＂可知答案为A。
18.C 由本段小标题以及下文的＂If you are distracted by shiny objects, keep your head down＂可知答案C适合。
19.E 本段主要谈论的是使用阅读技巧，所以答案E适合。
20.G 由小标题及＂want variety＂＂sandwich it between two subjects you enjoy＂可知答案G适合。
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者认为现在的世界缺少相互信任，但是一天在街上看到一个盲人在卖玩具，他完全靠对人的信任让买主自己把钱放到袋子里并找回零钱。这件事让作者坚信如果我们每个人都能像这个盲人一样信任对方，世界会变得更美好。
21.C 根据下文＂no one is trustworthy proved otherwise＂可知无论是银行、商店或是办公室我都要证明(prove)自己的身份。故选C。
22.A 根据下文的＂Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally rule＂，可知这里应填rule。故选A。
23.D 根据上下文可知这里是说，没有人值得信赖，除非(unless)得以证明。故选D。
24.B 根据下文可知，这个盲人依据跟我完全不一样的(different)规则生活。故选B。
25.B 根据语境，在我走过一个拥挤的十字路口时，我注意到一个年轻人站在人行道上摆摊。故选B。
26.B 根据下文作者选择了停下来看这个年轻人怎样卖东西，可知这里是说一般情况下(normally)我会不理睬这些卖家，并且匆匆走过，但是注意到他是个盲人，所以选择了停下来看这个年轻人怎样卖东西。故选B。
27.A 根据文章末尾处的＂like the young blind street seller of toys＂可知，这是个盲人。故选A。
28.C 根据下文的teddy bears和young blind street seller of toys可知这个年轻人卖的是玩具。故选C。
29.C 根据语境，男孩非常想要他的一个玩具熊。set one’s heart on sth＂渴望/一心想要某物＂。故选C。
30.A 根据下文的and it was only one dollar，可知母亲在问价格(price)。故选A。
31.C 根据上下文可知这个玩具是一美元，这位母亲给了10美元，所以想要回找的零钱(change)。故选C。
32.D 因为这个年轻人是盲人，所以作者很好奇(curious)，想知道他怎么收钱、找零钱。故选D。
33.B 根据上下文可知，这里是年轻人让这位母亲把钱放进他脖子上的袋子里。故选B。
34.B 根据上文可知这位母亲在找回自己的零钱，这里是说年轻人让这位母亲把钱放进他脖子上的袋子里，然后拿走他欠(owe)她的零钱。故选B。
35.A 我意识到这个盲人收钱的模式完全依靠相信人们不会欺骗他。depend on＂依靠，依赖＂。故选A。
36.C 对于这个盲人来说，没有任何方法能知道是否有人多拿了他袋子里的钱。There is no way… ＂毫无办法/没有途径……＂。故选C。
37.D 看到这个盲人对别人完全的信任，作者有很大的感触(touched)，以致作者买了一个自己根本不需要的玩具模型车。
38.D 根据下文＂I just hoped to help a little＂可知，作者根本不需要这个玩具车，though放在句末是＂但是，然而＂的意思，为副词，作状语。故选D。
39.A 根据语境，作者现在坚信(firmly)如果我们每个人都能像这个在大街上卖玩具的盲人一样信任(believe in)别人多一点，世界会变得更美好。故选A。
40.D 见上题解析。故选D。
第二节
【语篇解读】这篇文章节选自海伦凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》，文中作者讲述如果有三天光明最想做的事情。
41.most句意： 我自然最想看到这些年陪我度过了这么长的黑暗岁月里最宝贵的东西。使用much的最高级most。
?42.kindness形容词whose修饰名词。kindness是＂善良＂的意思。
43.living be worth doing意为＂值得做＂。这里是形容词作宾语补足语。故填living。
44.at此处使用短语stare at，意为＂凝望＂。
45.opened根据上文＂who came to me when I was a child＂可知，and后面的句子用一般过去时。故填opened。
46.it根据上下文可知这里指＂the outline of her face＂，所以用it代替。
47.which此处使用定语从句，先行词是＂the love and patience＂，定语从句中介词with后面缺少宾语用which引导。故填which。
48.bravely修饰动词act要用副词。故填bravely。
49.shown此处作定语修饰＂all humankind＂，而all humankind和show是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故
填shown。
50.had根据上文＂those things above would be the things that I should see＂可知，if条件句用一般过去时表示
虚拟语气。故填had。
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
There were many people on the bus and no vacant seats. When a woman got , a man near the door attempted to rise, but she forced him back into his seat. ＂Thank you,＂ she said, ＂but please don’t do that. I am ?able to stand.＂ ＂But, madam, let me…＂ began the man. ＂I ask you to keep your seat,＂ interrupted ?woman with the hands on ?shoulders. ?the man tried to rise, and said: ＂Madam, will you kindly permit me to…?＂ ＂No, no,＂ said the woman and again ?him back. At last the man managed to get up, : ＂Madam, you have carried me three ?beyond my house. I want get off.＂
第一处：根据上下文可知一个妇女上了公共汽车。get on上车。
第二处：和前面的attempted并列用一般过去时。故去掉had。
第三处：修饰形容词able用副词。
第四处：特指上文的a woman用定冠词。故a→the。
第五处：在男子的肩膀上阻止他。用形容词性物主代词his代替the man’s。
第六处：但是男子想站起来，表示转折关系。
第七处：和said并列用一般过去时。
第八处：句意：最后这个男的站起来，说…… 用现在分词作伴随状语。
第九处：block表示＂街区＂是可数名词，和three搭配用复数。
第十处：want后要用带to 的不定式作宾语，故want后加to。
第二节 书面表达
Dear Sam,
How are you getting along with your life recently? Today I’m writing to talk about my plan for college life in the near future.
College life is both a joy and a challenge to me. Therefore, adjusting myself quickly to the new circumstance is the first thing I will deal with. For example, I’ll try to get used to the college schedule as soon as possible and I’ll make some friends so that I can feel at ease in college.
Next, various abilities should be developed. Besides being independent in study and life, I will enter for meaningful activities to get more social practice and develop my strong points.
Can you give me some advice? As a sophomore, you must have a lot to tell me.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Unit 3 Under the sea
重 点
单 词
1. annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的→annual n. 年刊；年鉴→annually adv. 每年地
2. accommodation n. 住所；住宿→accommodate v. 为……提供住宿
3. dive vi. & n. 跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲→diver n. 潜水员→diving n. 跳水；跳水运动
4. depth n. 深(度)；深处→deep adj. 深的→deeply adv. 强烈的；深刻地→deepen v. (使)变深；加深
5. urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent adj. 急迫的；催促的；强求的→urgency n. 紧急(的事)
6. abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj. 被抛弃的；被遗弃的→abandonment n. 遗弃；抛弃
7. relationship n. 关系；血缘关系；交往→relation n. 关系，联系，交往；亲戚(关系)；亲属(关系)→relate vt. & vi. (把……)联系起来；讲述；叙述
8. conservation n. 保存；保护→conserve vt. 保护；保藏
重 要
短 语
1. 在因特网上 on the Internet
2. 听说 hear of
3. 整理 sort out
4. 大声喊 yell out
5. 同时，在此期间 in the meantime
6. 举起…… hold...up
7. throw itself out of water 跃出水面
8. head out into the bay 向海湾深处进发
9. draw close 靠近
10. be terrified of 害怕
11. approach sb. 靠近某人
12. aim it at the whale 把它瞄准一头鲸
关键句 型
1. It was a time when the killer whales, or ＂killers＂ as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为＂杀手＂)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
2. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
这是宣告猎鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
3. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
靠近一看，原来是一头大鲸受到大约六条虎鲸的攻击。
1. happen vi.碰巧；巧遇；(偶然)发生(发生在某人身上时，常用介词to)
?An accident happened to him.他出事了。
?It happened that I had no money with me at that time.
＝I happened to have no money with me at that time.
碰巧当时我没带钱。
【归纳拓展】
sth. happens to sb.某人出了某事
sb. happens to do某人碰巧做某事
It happened/happens that碰巧做某事
as it happens/happened恰巧；碰巧
happen on sth.偶然发现某物
【易混辨析】
happen
指那些偶然的或未能预见的事情。多用于偶然或突发性事件。
take place
指某事按计划进行或发生。此外还有＂举行＂之意。
occur
偶然发生，其意义相当于happen；还可指＂想起，想到＂。
break out
常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等突然爆发。
come about
多指事情已经发生，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句中，尤其指争论、差别等。
?The evening party will take place next Sunday.
晚会将在下周日举行。
?Doctors were sent to the earthquake hit area to offer medical help in case any disease broke out.
医生被派往地震灾区提供医疗帮助以防发生疾病。
?I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
我永远不会明白你怎么会一周迟到三次。
?Did it occur to you that he had a gift for music?你可曾想到他有音乐天赋？
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语填空
①The accident occured ________ the woman who happened ________ be a foreigner, so it is hard to deal with.
②It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it came ______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
【答案】
①to; to【解析】句意为＂出事故的碰巧是一位外国女士，因此很难处理此事＂。根据句子结构，主句谓语可用occur to sb.＝happen to sb.＂发生在某人身上＂。
②about【解析】句意为＂都10点了，我很奇怪这么短的路程她怎么会迟到两个小时＂，＂how it came________＂应该是＂怎么会发生……＂的意思，所以应填about。
2. witness n. 目击者；证人；证据 vt.当场见到；目击；见证
(a) witness to... ……的证人/证据
give/bear witness to 为……作证；作……的证人
witness to sth./doing sth. 证实……；证明……
?The early 21st century witnessed increasing unemployment in the world.
21世纪初期见证了世界性增长的失业率。
?He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.
他作证说他看到那个人进入了房间。
【巧学妙记】
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①Police are appealing to any driver who may have ________ the accident.
警方正在呼吁可能曾目睹这起事故的司机。
②She brought several persons of good credit to ________ ________ her reputation.
她带来几位很有声誉的人物为她的名誉作证。
③His ragged clothes were ______ ______ _____ his poverty.
他破烂的衣服证明他的贫穷。
【答案】
①witnessed ②witness to ③a witness to
3. accommodation n. 住所；住宿；办公处
?The hotel provides accommodation for up to 100 people.这家旅馆最多可为100人提供住宿。
?The building plans include much needed new office accommodation.
建筑规划包括紧缺的新办公用房。
【归纳拓展】
make accommodations for 为……提供膳宿
book accommodation at a hotel向旅馆预订房间
arrange sb.’s accommodation给某人安排住处
accommodate vt.为(某人)提供住宿，容纳
accommodate… to…=adapt…to…使……适应……
accommodate oneself to = adapt (oneself) to使某人适应
accommodate sb sth = supply sb with sth向某人提供某物
温馨提示：在英式英语中，accommodation为不可数名词；而在美式英语中，accommodation为可数名词，常用复数形式。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语填空
①The local government provided ________ for the homeless soon after the flood.
②The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to ________ over two hundred people.
【答案】
①accommodations 句意：洪水过后，当地政府向无家可归者提供了食宿。
②accommodate 句意：几个月前建造的那个新公寓足够大，能为两百多人提供膳宿。accommodate提供膳宿。
4. shore n. 岸；海滨
?I long for a house on the shore of the sea.我一直向往能在海边有一所房子。
【归纳拓展】
go on shore上岸
in shore近岸；靠岸
offshore adj.& adv.近海(的)；离岸(的)
?The ship left an offshore island and some fishermen went on shore.
轮船离开了近海的一座岛屿然后几个渔民上了岸。
【跟踪典例】
I packed my luggage and ________ ________ ________(上岸) without looking back at the sea.
【答案】went on shore
5. opposite prep.在……的对面；与……相反
adj.相对的；相反的
n. 对立的人/物；对立面；反面
?The bank is opposite the supermarket.银行在超市的对面。
?I watched them leave and then drove off in the opposite direction.
我目送他们离去，然后开车向相反的方向驶去。
【归纳拓展】
be opposite to与……相反；在……对面
oppose vt.反对；对抗
opposition n. 反对；对抗；敌手
opposed adj.反对的；对抗的
【跟踪典例】
补全句子
①街的对面有个花园。
There was a garden ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the street.
②唯心论和唯物论是对立的。
Idealism is ________ ________ materialism.
【答案】①on the opposite side of ②opposite from
6. yell vi.大叫；呼喊 n. 叫声；喊声
yell at冲……大喊
yell out大声喊叫
let out(give)a yell大喊一声
?She yelled at her naughty child.她对淘气的孩子大喊大叫。
?The boss is always yelling orders at his employees.这个老板总是对员工发号施令。
?The crowd let out a yell of excitement.人群发出一阵兴奋的叫喊声。
【归纳拓展】
yell for help大声呼救
yell with fury(pain, delight)发怒(痛得，乐得)大叫
yell out an oath破口咒骂
yell a warning高声警告
yell the team to victory用喊声鼓励队员取胜
yell one’s head off大声叫喊
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词或副词填空
①Don’t yell ________ me.
②Will you boys stop yelling your heads ________ just outside my window?
③The man is yelling ________ help.
④They yelled ________ excitement.
【答案】①at ②off ③for ④with
7. head vi.朝……方向移动；出发；动身；驶往……
head for向(某处)行进
head out离去；启程
?They are heading home, hand in hand.他们手拉着手正朝家里走去。
?They are heading for New York with confidence.他们满怀信心地朝纽约的方向进发。
【归纳拓展】
head n. 头；头脑；智力；理解力
bury one’s head in the sand逃避现实
keep one’s head保持镇定
have one’s head in the clouds想入非非；做白日梦
?She was able to keep her head in the crisis.她在这次危机中保持了清醒的头脑。
?If there is a war, you cannot bury your head in the sand.如果有了战争，你不能逃避现实。
【跟踪典例】
The tall woman________(head) straight for the teaching building, is an excellent English teacher popular with our school students.
【答案】heading
【解析】句意为＂那个径直朝教学大楼走去的高个子女人是一位出色的英语老师，她深受我校学生的喜爱。＂本题既考查head用法，又考查非谓语动词在句中作后置定语。分析句法可看出，woman和head之间是主动关系，所以应该用动词ing形式作定语。
8. dive vi.& n. 跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲
?Throw your arms out in front of you as you dive.跳水时手臂迅速前伸。
?If you can’t see the bottom, jump in, don’t dive.如果水深不见底，跳进去时脚先落水，不要俯冲下水。
【归纳拓展】
dive from/off从……跳
dive into跳入……中；迅速向下进入
diving board跳板 diving suit潜水衣
diver n. 潜水员；跳水者
【跟踪典例】
完成下列句子
①He ________ ________ ________ ________(从桥上跳入水中) and rescued the drowning child.
②He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(正要跳水) when he saw the shark.
【答案】①dived from the bridge ②was just about to dive
9. urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策(urgent adj.紧急的)
urge sb. to do sth.力劝某人干某事
urge sb. into doing sth.催促/力劝某人做某事
urge sb. on鼓励/激励某人，为某人加油
urge sth. on sb.向某人强调某事
urge that sb should do sth 坚决要求/极力主张
It is urged that sb should do sth 某人应该做某事
?Brown urged me to reconsider my decision.布朗极力主张我重新考虑我的决定。
?I urged that she(should) read the report carefully.我催促她仔细看看这份报告。
?It is urged that we (should) take measures to protect the environment.
有人主张我们应该采取措施保护环境。
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语填空
①Excuse me, if your call is not ________(urge)，do you mind if I make mine first?
②The captain urged his team________(make)greater effort.
③They urged that the Science Museum________ (keep) open during the vacation.
【答案】
①urgent 句意：不好意思，如果你的电话不紧急，你介意我先打吗？
②to make 句意：船长激励他的团队要加把劲。urge sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事。
③(should)be kept 本题考查虚拟语气。urge表示＂强烈要求＂之意，后跟宾语从句用should do, should可省略，故应填(should) be kept。句意为＂他们强烈主张科学博物馆应在假期开放＂。
10. abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；丢弃；放弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵，使听任 n. 放任；放纵
abandon oneself to沉溺于/纵情于……
abandon one’s hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
with abandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地
?He abandoned himself to despair for some reason.他因某种原因陷入了绝望。
?They abandoned their lands to the invading forces.他们放弃土地，让侵略者占领。
【巧学助记】
The parents should not abandon the abandoned young man only because he abandoned himself to taking drugs.父母不应仅因为他沉溺于吸毒就放弃那个堕落的年轻人。
【跟踪典例】
①The young man does nothing but ________ ________ ________ pleasure.
那个年轻人除了沉溺于玩乐什么都不做。
②________ ________ a career in law, she eventually became a professor of botany at the university.
放弃了法律职业之后，她最终成为这所大学的植物学教授。
③Walking in the forest, he felt ________ by the world.
走在森林中，他觉得自己被世界抛弃了。
【答案】①abandon himself to ②Having abandoned ③abandoned
11.in groups 成群地；一群一群地，一组一组地
?There are students standing in groups in front of the teaching building.
学生们三五成群地站在教学楼的前面。
?Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups.
严格地说，社会心理学家研究人们的群体行为。
【归纳拓展】
in pairs 成对地；成双地 in rows 一排一排地
in line成一直线，排成一行
【跟踪典例】
用适当的词语填空
①The students all stand in ________ to get their new books.
②They just sit or stand around in ________ and talk.
③The students were practising English conversation in________.
④He had ranged the bottles from small to large in ______ against the wall.
【答案】①line ②groups ③pairs ④rows/line
12. sort out整理；分类；解决(问题和困难)
?I am just sorting out the papers that can be thrown away when the telephone rang.
我正在整理可以扔掉的文件，就在这时电话铃响了。
?It is difficult to sort out the lies from the truth.谎言和实话难以区分。
?We have got a few little problems to sort out.我们有几个小问题要解决。
【归纳拓展】
sort sth/sb/oneself out妥善处理某事/某人(或自己)
sort sth into sth 整理；把……分类 all sorts of各种各样的
a sort of一种 sort of有几分地
?Let’s leave that pair to sort themselves out.让那一对(夫妇)自行解决吧。
?There are all sorts of jobs you could do.有各种各样的工作你可以做。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①垃圾很容易分开，可归为塑料、玻璃和纸三类。
Rubbish can easily be separated and ________ ________ plastics, glass and paper.
②你装车，我把孩子们安顿好。
You load up the car and I’ll ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】①sorted into ②sort the kid out
13. in time to do sth./in time for sth.及时做某事
?The ambulance got there in time to save the patient’s life.救护车及时到达那儿挽救了病人的生命。
?She came running all the way in time for the meeting.她一路跑着来及时赶上了会议。
【归纳拓展】
in time及时；最后；终于；终有一天 for some time一段时间
all the time始终；一直 in no time立刻；马上
at no time绝不；在任何时候都不 on time按时；准时
for the time being暂时；暂且 at one time曾经；一度；同时
at times有时候 at a time一次；每次
【跟踪典例】
①It is believed that any student who can be ________ class regardless of severe weather will be
successful________.
②他绝不向困难低头。
_______ _______ _______ will he give in to the difficulties.
【答案】
①in time for; in time 第一空后class为名词，所以要用in time for来表达＂及时赶到＂；第二空要表达＂终有一天＂，所以要用in time。
②At no time
14. have on穿着；佩戴；在身上带有
?She had on a red dress and white shoes.
她穿着一件红裙子和一双白色鞋子。
?I don’t have that much money on me at the moment.那时我身上没带多少钱。
【易混辨析】
wear，put on，have on和dress
wear
＂穿着＂，指状态，可以用进行时，宾语是衣服、鞋帽、眼镜、发型等。
put on
＂穿戴＂，穿上(反义词take off)；指穿的动作，用于穿鞋、戴帽、穿衣等。
have on
＂穿着＂，指状态，没有进行时，宾语是代词时，必须放在该词组中间。
dress
及物动词，＂给(某人)穿衣＂，宾语一般是人，不接衣服类的词语作宾语，be(dressed) in之后经常接颜色或服装式样之类的名词。
?He put on his hat rapidly and went out.他快速戴上帽子然后出去了。
?He is old enough to dress himself.他足够大能自己穿衣服了。
【跟踪典例】
选词填空put on/wear
He often ________ a suit of jeans to school.
【答案】wears
【解析】本题考查词汇辨析。put on＂穿上＂表示动作；wear表穿着的状态。句意为＂他经常穿牛仔裤去上学＂。此处应用表状态的词，且宾语是衣服。故填wears。
15. look down俯视；看不起；蔑视
?The lecturer looked down at the sea of faces beneath him.
讲演的人俯视着下面无数的面孔。
?Her parents told her not to look down upon peasant workers.
她父母叫她不要瞧不起农民工。
【归纳拓展】
look up向上看；查找 look up to尊敬
look out当心；注意(for) look through浏览；仔细看
look forward to盼望
look sb. up and down上下打量某人
look after照顾 look back回顾；回想
【典例跟踪】
用恰当介词填空
①Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.
②Look ________ this proposal for me, and tell me what you think of it.
【答案】
①for 本题考查动词与介词的搭配。句意：在你参观一个名胜古迹之前，在你当地的图书馆找一本与之有关的书。look for＂寻找＂符合题意。
②through look through＂浏览，仔细看＂。句意为＂帮我审查一下这个方案，告诉我你的看法＂。
16. lead sb. to...领着某人到……
lead sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事
lead to通向；导致
lead a…life过着……的生活
?She led us to the manager’s office.她把我们领进经理的办公室。
?What he did led us to believe he was capable.他所做的使我们相信他是有能力的。
【跟踪典例】
将下列句子译成英语
①他把游客领出去到了花园。
_______________________________________________
②是什么导致你得出这个结论的？
_______________________________________________
③今天我们过着幸福的生活。
_______________________________________________
【答案】①He led the visitors out to the garden.
②What led you to the conclusion?
③Today we lead a happy life.
17. aim at瞄准；对准；目的在于
?When he aimed(his gun)at the target, he was trembling with fear.当他用枪瞄准目标时，他吓得浑身发抖。
?The product is aimed at the children market.这种产品瞄准儿童市场。
?The visit is aimed at improving the relations between the two countries.此次访问旨在改善两国关系。
【归纳拓展】
aim n. 目标；对准；瞄准
achieve one’s aim达到目的/实现目标 miss one’s aim未击中目标
without aim漫无目的地 aim to do目的是……
【跟踪典例】
①He was so nervous that he__________ __________ ________(未击中目标).
②It is quite wise to________ ________(瞄准)the women market.
③Determination is the key to__________ __________ ________(达到目的).
④The man________his harpoon________(对准)the big fish.
⑤I________ ________ ________(目的是)a policeman when I leave school.
⑥What I said________ ________ ________ ______(不是针对)you.
【答案】①missed his aim ②aim at ③achieving one’s aim
④aimed; at ⑤aim to be ⑥was not aimed at
18. help(...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困难或危难
?Jane helped him out of his financial difficulties.简帮他摆脱了财务困难。
?Whenever she heard someone had trouble, she would go to help out.
每当听到有人有困难，她就去帮助解决。
【归纳拓展】
help sb with sth帮助某人某事
help oneself to随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
can’t help doing sth忍不住做某事
can’t help do sth不能帮忙做某事
with the help of在……的帮助下，借助
【跟踪典例】
①在我失业时没有人帮助我。
Nobody ________ ________ ________ when I lost my job.
②＂失去的永远不会再来！＂我不禁自言自语。
＂Things lost never come again！＂I ________ ________ ________ to myself.
【答案】①helped me out ②couldn’t help talking
19. It was a time when the killer whales, or ＂killers＂ as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
当时被人们称作＂杀手＂的＂虎鲸＂帮助捕鲸人在须鲸每年洄游的季节将它们捕获。
本句中when引导定语从句，先行词为time；该定语从句中又包含as引导的定语从句和that引导的定语从句。此处 a time表示＂一段时间＂，若引导词在从句中作状语，则应用关系副词when或＂介词at/during＋which＂引导定语从句；若引导词在从句中作宾语，则一般用which或that引导定语从句。如：
?To begin/start with, the day was fine, but after a time it began to rain.
开始时，天气很好。但不久就开始下雨了。
?There was a time when(during which)we had no radios, no telephones and no TV sets.
曾经有一段时间我们没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机。
【归纳拓展】
表示时间或地点的名词后跟定语从句时，若引导词在从句中作状语，则用when/where或＂相应的介词＋which＂；若引导词在从句中作宾语，则用which或that。如：
Do you still remember the time which/that we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们一块儿在农场度过的那段时间吗？
【跟踪典例】
①As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.
②曾有一段时间，我讨厌上学。
There was ________time________I hated to go to school.
【答案】
①when 句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间，这里使用定语从句，先行词是 the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。
②a; when a time表示＂一段时间＂；when引导定语从句，且在从句中作状语。
20. On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.
有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
本句为主从复合句，主句是I heard a loud noise coming from the bay; as在句中引导时间状语从句。句中现在分词短语coming from the bay作宾补。现在分词(短语)作宾补时一般表示主动及动作正在进行，且作宾补的现在分词(短语)常用在see, hear, find, notice, watch, feel, smell等感官动词和keep, have, get等使役动词后。如：
?I found him smoking in the room.我发现他在屋子里抽烟。
?I felt the plane shaking.我感到飞机在摇晃。
【典例跟踪】
①Back from his two year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________（take）good care of at home.
②I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
【答案】
①taken 句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr.Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。
②winding 本题考查非谓语动词。notice后跟复合结构，宾语是a snake，宾补是wind的某种形式，表示当 时正在进行的动作，故用winding。句意：我抬起头来注意到一条蛇蜿蜒爬到树上去捕获它的早餐。
21. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.
我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞然大物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。
不定式短语to see an enormous animal...作结果状语。opposite us 作后置定语修饰an enormous animal；现在分词短语throwing itself out of the water和crashing down again作宾语补足语。
【易混辨析】
现在分词/过去分词作状语
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
?He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。
?Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
?Give more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
?Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
【典例跟踪】
Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
【答案】written 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为清晰周到地被写出来，这本书鼓舞了想寻找自己答案的学生的自信心。the book与write之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. We are asked to turn in an ________(每年的) report about our sales to the general manager.
2. The robbers tried to ________(逃跑), but they were caught in the end.
3. Hopeless though it seemed, Francis did not ________(放弃) all hope of finding a job.
4. Jerry was afraid to ________(跳水) from the board into the pool.
5. Louis had to swim for 20 minutes to reach the ________(海岸).
6. It is their ________(协作)that has led to the success of the programme.
7. I________(催促)my students to look through their lessons ahead of my explanation.
8. They can ________(暂停) during a reading to discuss difficult sentences with each other.
9. The crowd ________(呼喊) when the home team scored in the final minute of the game.
10. ________(鲨鱼) were circling around our boat.
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. As we know, the exhibition is held ________(annual).
2. Hotel ________(accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday.
3. He ________(drag) the table into the corner.
4. These creatures live in the ________(deep) of the ocean.
5. The child was found ________(abandon) but unharmed.
6. The attack added a new ________(urge) to the peace talks.
7. The thief got over the wall and ________(flee) away.
8. We had better turn the bicycle lights off to ________(conservation) the batteries.
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
at the time a pack of help out in the meantime be terrified of
yell out sort out ahead of aim at in time
1. He’s always willing to________when we’re short of staff.
2. Sometimes it is difficult for us to ________ the lies from the truth.
3. There were five women________him in the queue.
4. I agreed________，but later I changed my mind.
5. When we passed the field, we heard________dogs barking nearby.
6. The material was handed over to the department just______.
7. The little girl________crossing the busy road on her own.
8. The hunter________the lion and fired，but missed.
9. Please find a taxi，and________I’ll pack some food.
10. Don’t squeeze his hand；it makes him________in pain.
Ⅰ. 完形填空
When I was twelve years old，my family were the first black people to move into an all-white part of Grand Rapids，Michigan. Many of our new 1 weren’t very welcoming. Some of the adults said 2 that we should return where we came from. The 3 sometimes threw stones at me or drove me home from 4 .
Most of my teachers 5 took no notice of me，but not Dorothy Bean，my history teacher. Miss Bean was angry at how badly I was being 6 ，but she didn’t say this to me. Miss Bean showed her 7 for me by teaching me just like 8 else. Instead of being unnoticed，I was given a 9 to show that I was smart. Miss Bean was the first teacher who ever made me 10 myself.
She insisted on knowing what I thought about difficult questions. Was Thomas Jefferson 11 to buy Louisiana from France？Why？She 12 me to have an opinion and to be able to 13 it up. Miss Bean taught me that thinking for yourself was the real key to 14 .
One day，when I was not paying attention in class，Miss Bean suddenly 15 an eraser at me. Unbelievably，the eraser hit me right on the hand and 16 my pencil flying. The whole class was 17 at first，and then started laughing. This incident became famous in this school and， 18 it happened to me，the students wanted to get to 19 me. So that’s the story of how Dorothy Bean made me her target，and how I became just another 20 in school.
1. A. friends B. relatives C. fellows D. neighbours
2. A. kindly B. pitifully C. angrily D. anxiously
3. A. seniors B. children C. enemies D. elders
4. A. school B. street C. office D. downtown
5. A. easily B. simply C. specially D. happily
6. A. taught B. considered C. welcomed D. treated
7. A. wish B. honour C. respect D. gift
8. A. anyone B. no one C. someone D. none
9. A. question B. chance C. test D. place
10. A. worry about B. look about C. work for D. think for
11. A. necessary B. probable C. right D. famous
12. A. supported B. developed C. practiced D. expected
13. A. back B. set C. put D. give
14. A. respect B. education C. friendship D. power
15. A. aimed B. threw C. passed D. seized
16. A. sent B. found C. made D. knocked
17. A. excited B. frightened C. worried D. shocked
18. A. when B. once C. because D. whether
19. A. ask B. know C. punish D. admire
20. A. kid B. problem C. teacher D. example
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
The sea has always interested man. From it we can get food, minerals, and treasure. For thousands of years，we could sail on it. But we could not go far beneath its surface. Man wants to explore deep into the sea. However, we are not fish. We must breathe air, so we can’t stay under the water’s surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems. A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases. He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above. He can carry a tank of air on his back and breathe through a nose and a mouthpiece. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea. His body is under great pressure. When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to surface, the water pressure becomes less. If the diver rises too quickly，the gases in his blood form bubbles. The diver is then suffering from the bends. The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain. They can even kill him.
1. On the whole, this passage is about ________.
A. special mixtures of gases in deep sea
B. the problems man faces in deep-sea diving
C. air pressure under the surface of sea water
D. a kind of illness that man suffers in the sea
2. A diver’s body in deep water ________.
A. is under great pressure
B. is just like that of a fish
C. suffers from the bends
D. weighs very little
3. The passage does not say so, but it makes you think that ________.
A. deep divers should be in good health
B. divers explore the deep sea only for treasure
C. diving under the water too quickly causes a kind of illness
D. there is a special mixture of gases under the sea
4. Why does a diver get the bends?
A. He tries to do exercise under the water.
B. His diving suit weighs too much.
C. He comes to the surface too quickly.
D. The air in his blood is used up.
5. From the passage we can see that ________.
A. the sea began to interest man in the last few years
B. man is not at home deep in the sea
C. all divers will get the bends sooner or later
D. the air in the sea water will kill a diver if he is not careful
B
In October on the east coast of Australia migrating(迁徙)humpback whales(座头鲸)pass very close to the shore. With the help of Max Egan, we went to film them near Byron Bay. It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon. When migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes. but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. As the whales break the surface like submarines(潜水艇), the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. Then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or＂footprint＂on the surface to show where they had been.
One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the horizon was deserted. There was no report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Max’s new, highly sensitive hydrophone(水中听音器)and the result was astonishing. As soon as the hydrophone was in the water, we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful voices. What may have seemed like a vast empty ocean was filled with the singing of whales.
It is the males which sing, as they migrate between feeding and breeding(养育)grounds. No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is, whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away.
It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune(曲调)and quickly adopt any new songs they hear.
6. Which finding about whales is beyond the writer’s expectation?
A. The little puffs.
B. The songs of whales.
C. The traveling speed of whales.
D. The depth of the whale’s dive.
7. What do we know about Max?
A. He likes whales very much.
B. He is a brave scientist on whales.
C. He is an experienced man in finding whales.
D. He is an expert in making hydrophones.
8. The writer’s main purpose of looking for whales is______.
A. carrying out research on whales
B. studying the beautiful songs of whales
C. making films about whales
D. hunting whales for research
9. What’s the WRONG opinion about whales before according to the passage?
A. Each group of humpbacks had the song of their own.
B. Whales can’t sing to each other.
C. Whales aren’t easy to find.
D. Whales can’t dive in the sea as long as forty minutes.
1. （2016·浙江）We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
2. （2013·江苏）With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.
A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead
3. （2013·陕西）The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will _________.
A. in particular B. in turn C. in charge D. in time
4. （2016·天津）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _______ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
5. （2014·天津）Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit
A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found
6. （2013·北京）When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1.annual 2.flee 3.abandon 4.dive 5.shore
6.teamwork 7.urged 8.pause 9.yelled 10.Sharks
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.annually 2.accommodation 3.dragged 4.depth
5.abandoned 6.urgency 7.fled 8.conserve
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
1.help out 2.sort out 3.ahead of 4.at the time
5. a pack of 6.in time 7.is/was terrified of 8.aimed at
9.in the meantime 10.yell out
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
1. D此处应该是指新的＂邻居＂，因此答案选neighbours，而不是fellows＂伙伴＂。friends，relatives也不 符合情理。
2. C 由＂weren’t very welcoming＂以及＂we should return where we came from＂可知，邻居们对我们很不 友好，因此答案选C。
3. B 从第一段中＂I was twelve years old＂以及下文内容可推知，向＂我＂扔石头的应该是＂孩子＂，所以 答案选B。
4. A 由＂drove me home＂以及下文内容可知，他们把＂我＂从学校赶回家，因此答案选A。
5. B 依据下文内容可知，Miss Bean对＂我＂很好，而其他大多数老师都不理会＂我＂，故答案选B。其他 三个选项与take no notice of连用时，不符合语境。
6. D 联系上文可知，此处指Miss Bean对别人如此恶劣地对待＂我＂感到很生气，因此答案选D。
7. C 从下文＂Instead of being unnoticed，I was given...＂可推知，Miss Bean对＂我＂表示尊重，因此答案选C。
8. A 此处是指Miss Bean像教其他任何人一样教＂我＂，所以答案选A。
9. B 从＂to show that I was smart＂可知此处应该是指老师给＂我＂一个机会，因此答案选B，而不是 question＂问 题＂，test＂测试＂，place＂位置＂。
10. D 由下句＂She insisted on knowing what I thought about difficult questions.＂可推断，此处表示Miss Bean 让＂我＂独立思考，因此答案选D。下文中＂thinking for yourself＂也有暗示。
11. C 结合全文语境及历史知识可知，此处指托马斯·杰斐逊从法国人手里购买路易斯安那地区的做法是否 正确，故答案选C。
12. D 依据语境，Miss Bean鼓励＂我＂独立思考的目的是期望(expected)＂我＂有自己的观点，所以答案选D。
13. A 根据语境，这里表示＂能够支持自己的观点＂，故答案选A，back up＂支持，有助于＂。而不是set up＂建立＂； put up＂举起＂；give up＂放弃＂。
14. B 联系上下文内容可知，此处表示＂独立思考是教育的关键＂，所以答案选B。
15. B 由下文＂the eraser hit me right on the hand＂可推知，这里表示Miss Bean把一个黑板擦朝＂我＂扔过 来，故答案为B。
16. A 表示某物处于某种状态，应用＂send sth. doing＂，因此答案选A。考生易误选C，但make的主语通 常是人。
17. D 由＂and then started laughing＂可推知，学生对老师的举动一开始感到非常吃惊(shocked)，而不是 excited＂兴奋的＂，frightened＂害怕的＂，worried＂担心的＂。因此答案选D。
18. C 前后句存在因果关系，因此答案选C。
19. B 既然＂This incident became famous＂以及＂it happened to me＂，所以学生开始认识＂我＂，故答案选B。
20. A 依据上下文内容可知，此处是指＂我＂是如何成为学校里与以前不同的学生，因此答案选A，也与前 文＂I was twelve years old＂相照应。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解析】自古以来，海底丰富的资源一直吸引着人类。然而，从事深水潜水探索却不是一件轻松的工作。本文向我们介绍的就是深水潜水员所面临的困难和挑战。
1. B 【解析】由文章结构可以看出，文章首先点明了海洋对我们人类的重大意义，然后提出了文章要说明 的主题：To explore deep water，man faces even more dangers and problems.下文围绕这一主题做了详细 的说明。
2. A 【解析】根据文中His body is under great pressure.可确定答案。
3. A 【解析】潜水员在深水里要承受巨大的压力，浮到水面时，水压骤减，这对人体提出了很大的挑战。 由此可以推断从事深水潜水工作的人，身体应该很健康(in good health)。
4. C 【解析】由If the diver rises too quickly ...The diver is then suffering from the bends.可知，潜水员得bends 的原因是在海水中上升得太快。
5. B【解析】从文章内容可以知道，在深海潜水时，人会面临更大的危险和更多的麻烦(more dangers and problems)。由此可以判断，人在深海是很不舒适的。
B
【语篇解读】本文描述了对鲸鱼的新发现，即它们能发出美妙的歌声，而且声音也不固定。
6. B【解析】细节理解题。发现鲸鱼美妙的歌声是作者的意外收获。由倒数第三段＂...the result was astonishing＂ 可得出。
7. C【解析】判断归纳题。关于马克斯文中提到了两点，一是他在寻找鲸鱼方面很有经验，二是他制造了一 种水中听音器，但文中并未明确表明他是制造听音器的专家。由首段＂...with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place...＂得出C项正确。
8. C【解析】细节理解题。由首段＂...we went to film them...＂得出。
9. A【解析】细节理解题。原先人们认为， 每一群座头鲸都有自己相对固定的歌，但这次的发现证明这种 观点是错误的。由最后一段得出。
K真题
1. A【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。divide 分开，符合句意。reject拒绝；control控制；abandon放弃。
2. C【解析】考查名词辨析。句意为：因受到其他的饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以好转。turn意 为＂变化＂，符合题意。share意为＂份额，股份＂；chance意为＂机会＂；lead意为＂领导，榜样＂。
3. D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。in particular尤其，特别；in turn轮流；in charge负责，管理；in time迟早； 最后；及时；经过一段时间之后。句意：经理想要看到公司的变化，我想他迟早会看到的。故选D。
4. D【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。先行词是 next week，定 语从句中缺少时间状语，故选D。
5. A【解析】句意：她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。＂only+动词不定式＂表示意想不 到的结果。
6. D【解析】考查非谓语动词。路是被堵的，所以此空应填入一个表示＂路已经被堵＂的动词形式，所以选D。
Unit 3 Under the sea
重点
单词
1．reflect vi. 思考 & vt. 映射；反射；思考→reflection n. 反映；影像；沉
思→reflective adj. 思考的；反射的；反光的
2．pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的→purity n. 纯净；纯洁→purely adv. 仅
仅；完全；纯粹地
3．aware adj. 意识到的；知道的→awareness n. 知道；意识；兴趣→unaware
adj. 不知道的；没意识到的
4．narrow adj. 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的→wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的→narrowly
adv. 勉强地；严密地
5．sharp adj. 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen vt. & vi. (使)变锋利；削尖，
磨快→sharpener n. 削刀，磨床，磨器，磨具
6．scare vt. 恐吓 & vi. 受惊吓→scared adj. 惊慌的；吓坏的
重要
短语
1．思考这一天reflect on the day
2．醒来 wake up
3．意识到 be aware of
4．颠倒 upside down
5．靠近 get close to
6．a day of pure magic 绝对有魔力的一天
7．a wise-looking turtle 一只看上去很聪明的乌龟
8．a yellow-spotted red fish 一只有黄点的红鱼
9．appear from behind some coral从一些珊瑚后面出来
10．beat wildly (心)跳地厉害
关键句型
1．I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day — a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
2．The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me — purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。
1. confident adj.自信的；有信心的；有把握的
be confident of/that对……有把握
?The teacher wants the students to feel confident about asking questions when they don’t understand.
老师要学生遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问。
?I’m confident that I can succeed.我有信心能成功。
【归纳拓展】
confidence n．自信心；把握
have/lose confidence in...对……有/失去信心
with confidence自信地
【跟踪典例】
那个一直对生活充满信心的教授由于他儿子的去世而精神崩溃。
The professor who was always ________ ________ ________life broke down due to his son’s death.
【答案】having confidence in
2. target n． C]目标；靶；受批评的对象 vt.把……作为批评的对象；面向
?I’ve set myself a target of saving 20 yuan a month.我给自己定了一个目标：每月存上20元。
?He aimed at the target, fired but missed it.他瞄准靶子开火，却未打中。
?The advertisement is clearly targeted on the young.这个广告显然是针对年轻人的。
【归纳拓展】
hit/miss the target中/脱靶 target sth on/at把……对准
meet/achieve a target达成目标 set a target设定目标
on/off target准确/不准确命中目标
sales target销售目标 moving target移动目标
【跟踪典例】
①给自己制定有望达到的指标。
________ ________ ________ that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
②我不喜欢这些针对儿童的电视广告。
I don’t like the television advertisements ________ ________ children.
【答案】①Set yourself targets ②targeted at
3. reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考
reflect on/upon思考；反省
reflect sth from sth反射
?After reflecting for a time on the problem，he decided not to go.仔细考虑这问题后，他决定不去了。
?Her face was reflected in the mirror.她的脸映照在镜子中。
?He reflected on his past mistakes.他反省了过去的错误
【巧学妙记】
【归纳拓展】
reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思，深思
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
【跟踪典例】
用恰当词语填空
①Sean’s strong love for his country is________(reflect)in his recently pubilshed poems.
②I need time to reflect________what you offered.
【答案】①reflected 句意：肖恩对他的祖国强烈的爱反映在他近期出版的诗篇中。
②on 句意：我需要时间思考你提出的问题。考查动词的用法。reflect on sth意思是＂思考某事＂，符合句意。
4. aware adj.意识到的，知道的
be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到
be aware that…察觉到；意识到
?The children were aware of the harm of taking drugs.孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害性。
【归纳拓展】
as far as I’m aware据我所知
make sb aware that...提醒某人注意……
make sb aware of...使某人注意到……
awareness n. 知道，意识
develop an awareness of逐渐懂得
lack of awareness缺乏认识
【跟踪典例】
①你有没有察觉到你已经伤害了她的感情？
________ you ________ ________ you have hurt her feelings?
②据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， nobody has done anything about it.
【答案】①Are; aware that ②As far as I’m aware
5. vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
?He gave a vivid description of this event as if he were there.他生动地描述了这个事件，好像他当时在场。
?She was wearing a vivid green dress for the party.她身穿鲜绿色的连衣裙来参加晚会。
【归纳拓展】
vivid memory/recollection清晰的记忆
a vivid description/account生动描述
a vivid imagination丰富的想象力
vividly adv.生动地；鲜明地
【跟踪典例】
他成为一名作家我一点也不奇怪。当他是孩子的时候，就具有丰富的想象力。
I’m not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】had a vivid imagination
6. narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的；勉强的，刚刚好的
a narrow escape九死一生
a narrow victory险胜
in a narrow sense在狭义上
?There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。
?He moves in a narrow circle of friends.他生活在狭小的朋友圈子里。
【归纳拓展】
narrowly adv.仅仅，勉强地，严密地
narrow majority微弱多数
【跟踪典例】
The final score of the football match was 93：94. We were only ________ (narrow) beaten.
【答案】narrowly
7. sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的；急剧的
be sharp at对……灵敏
?The knife isn’t sharp enough to cut meat.这把刀不够锋利，切不动肉。
?The old man has sharp eyes.这位老人有敏锐的眼睛。
?Be careful of the sharp bend in the road.小心路上的急转弯。
【归纳拓展】
sharpen v．(使)变锋利；削尖 sharpener n．削尖用的器具
【跟踪典例】
It’s dangerous for a little child to play with a ________ knife.
A. nice B. sharp C. beautiful D. good
【答案】B
【解析】句子前半部分说＂对于小孩来说很危险＂，那么后半部分表示的应该是＂玩锋利的刀子＂才合乎前半句的意思。
8. scare vt.恐吓使害怕；vi.害怕，使惊吓 n．恐慌，恐惧；惊恐
scare sb away / off把某人吓跑/吓退
scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
?You scared me by coming in so quietly.你这么悄悄地进来吓了我一跳。
?He scares easily, so he is more a girl than a boy.他动不动就害怕，因此他更像个女孩。
?You did give me a scare.你真吓了我一跳。
【归纳总结】
scared adj.惊恐的，恐惧的
be scared of doing sth害怕做某事
be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
【跟踪典例】
She was scared ________(go into) the yard because she was scared of________(bite) by the big dog ________(lie) at the gate.
【答案】to go into; being bitten; lying
【解析】考查scare的用法以及非谓语动词。be scared to do sth害怕做某事；be scared of doing担心做某事；dog与lie(躺)之间为主动关系，且表示正在进行，故应用现在分词作定语。
9. upside down上下翻转，颠倒
?You’re holding the book upside down.你把书拿颠倒了。
【归纳拓展】
turn... upside down把……弄得乱七八；把……翻过来
inside out里外颠倒
【巧学妙记】
形象示意＂颠倒＂
【跟踪典例】
①独木舟底朝天漂浮在湖面上。
The canoe floated ________ ________ on the lake.
②那房子被盗贼翻得乱七八糟。
The house ________ ________ ________ ________ by the burglars.
【答案】①upside down ②was turned upside down
10.Thank God it was; otherwise, I might have been swallowed instead!
谢天谢地，否则，我也可能被吞没了。
might/may have done表示＂可能已经做了某事＂，用于对过去的情况进行推测。此外，might/may have done还可表示＂本来可以做某事(而实际上未做)＂。如：
?Mary might have learned some Chinese before.玛丽以前可能学了一些汉语。
【归纳拓展】
needn’t have done本不必做某事(而实际上做了)
can’t have done不可能做了某事
could have done本可以做某事(而实际上未做)
must have done一定做了某事
ought to/should have done本该做某事(而实际上未做)
oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have done本不该做某事(而实际上做了)
【跟踪典例】
The children ________(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
【答案】must have got
【解析】句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。根据下文可知此处是做了很有把握的肯定的推测，故用must；由would have been 可知是过去的事情，要表示对于过去的事情的推测要用情态动词＋have done的形式，故填must have got。
11. They may be many kilometres long with plastic balls to keep them floating on the water, and weights to hold them down on the seabed.
他们或许有数千米长，且带有塑料球，以让它们漂浮在水面上；它们也带有很多重物，以让它们沉到海床上。
(1)该句是一个简单句。句中and连接的两个介语短语with plastic balls...和(with)weights...作状语，以说明主语的状况；不定式短语to keep...和to hold...作后置定语。
(2)句中使用了＂keep＋宾语＋宾补＂结构，keep意为＂使……处于某种状态＂。该结构的常见形式有：
①keep＋sb/sth＋形容词/副词
?I was too tired to keep my eyes open.我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
?In our daily life, we must keep ourselves away from danger.日常生活中，我们必须使自己远离危险。
②keep＋sb/sth＋介宾短语
?You should keep your hands behind your backs.你们要把手放在背后。
③keep＋sb/sth＋现在分词(表示动词或状态的持续)
?I’m sorry. I have kept you waiting outside for so long.对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。
④keep＋sb/sth＋过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)
?Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.少说话，多观察。
【跟踪典例】
Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues________(amuse) with her stories.
【答案】amused 考查非谓语动词。keep＋sb/sth＋宾补＂使……处于某种状态＂。根据句意，sb与它后面的动词为被动关系，故填amused。
12. I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一杯冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
本句中with a cold drink in my hand是with复合结构，在此作伴随状语；句中and连接两个并列谓语。with复合结构可在句中作状语和定语，其具体形式如下：
with＋n./pron.＋形容词/副词
with＋n./pron.＋分词
with＋n./pron.＋不定式
with＋n./pron.＋介词短语
with＋n./pron.＋名词
?With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
?She died with her son yet a baby.她去世了，儿子还在襁褓中。
【跟踪典例】
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________(follow) them.
【答案】following
【解析】在这个with的复合结构中，宾语their pet dog 与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用following作宾补。句意：这对老夫妇经常在晚饭后带着他们的宠物狗在花园里散步。
13. Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.
然后还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。
(1)独立主格结构each about one and a half metres long在此作状语。独立主格结构的常见形式有：
名词/代词＋形容词
名词/代词＋副词
名词/代词＋名词
名词/代词＋介词短语
名词/代词＋分词
名词/代词＋不定式
?The old man sat in the sofa, his face serious.老人坐在沙发上，面容严肃。
?He came in, a dictionary in his hand.他走了进来，手里拿着一本词典。
?The thief caught, they felt relieved.小偷抓住了，他们感到放心了。
【跟踪典例】
Much time________(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
【答案】spent
【解析】句意：上班族们坐在办工桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。
(2)from behind是双重介词。双重介词一般由两个介词搭配而成，其常见的构成方式如下：
①from＋其他介词。
?The moon appeared from behind the clouds.月亮从云后面露了出来。
?A rat ran from under the bed.一只老鼠从床底下跑了出来。
②except＋其他介词。except后常接at, by, from, in, on, to等介词。
?Except for the few who have failed their examinations, all the students in the hall are in very high spirits.
大厅里，除了几个考试不及格的学生外，其他学生的情绪极佳。
?I searched everywhere except in the bedroom.除了卧室我到处都找了。
?He rarely went anywhere except to his office.除了办公室他很少去其他地方。
③till/until＋其他介词。till/until后常接介词after。
?I hardly ever go to bed till after twelve.我12点以后才睡觉。
?Up until last summer we always went to the beach for our vacation.
去年夏天以前，我们总是去海边度假。
【跟踪典例】
①那是一种从月球内向外推的力。
That is a force pushing outwards________ ______the moon.
②像中国的春节一样，美国的感恩节是家人从全国各地团聚在一起的节日。
Thanksgiving Day in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together_______ _______the country.
③猴子突然从树后出现，露西吓得尖叫起来。
The monkey suddenly emerged ________ ________the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.
【答案】①from inside ②from across ③from behind
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. A baby is too young to be________(意识到) of the dangers around it.
2. What is going on there can be described in one word—________(令人生畏的)!
3. San Francisco is built on 40 hills and some are very______.
4. You will be entitled to your________(退休金)when you reach 65.
5. It’s good to________(吸)in such clean fresh air for a change.
6. The man searched the whole house with a________(手电筒) inside out.
7. Using a________knife，cut away the peel from the fruit.
8. In remote regions，the air is________(纯净的)and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides.
9. The novel paints a ________(栩栩如生的) picture of life in the city.
10. A ________(分界线) is a line that marks a limit between two countries.
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alongside the truck, we reached a crossing and it turned to the right， 1 (hit) me and my bicycle. Even more upsetting was the fact 2 the driver didn’t stop afterward. 3 （Luck），I was not injured and my bicycle was damaged, but still usable.
Even days after I reported the event to the police, they failed to 4 (proper) solve this situation or even return my calls. Eventually, I decided 5 (contact)University Student Legal Services for help about this matter. The small damage may not seem worth all 6 trouble, but what if I had been seriously 7 (injure)? Will anyone see punishment for breaking traffic laws and damaging my property?
Unfortunately, my experience is common, and 8 (accident)between bikes and cars occur far too often. A comprehensive study 9 (report) that of the nearly 3,000 cyclist-motorist crashes that occurred between 2000 and 2010, about 20 percent were hit-and-runs.
Bicycles are held to the same standards as motor vehicles in most cases. 10 means that cyclists must obey all traffic rules，and also have the right to get damages in the accidents. I urge both cyclists and motorists to become familiar with their rights and duties when sharing the roads.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. She laid her dress on the bed ________________(保持平整). (neat)
2. ________________(你意识到) something was wrong？(aware)
3. This battle ________________(生动记载) in the article, which was written by a former soldier.(vivid)
4. He ________________(几乎吓死) by the strange noise.(scare)
5. I ________________(一直在思考) the matter since last year.(reflect)
6. The movie ________________(十分可怕), so most of the audience buried their face in their hands.(awe)
7. The programme ________________(瞄向) improving the health of women of all ages.(target)
8. A series of attacks ________________(已经加重了) fears of more violence.(sharpen)
9. ________________(多么令人敬畏的风景) the iceberg is in the Antarctic!
10. He lay on the grass ________________(两眼望着天空).
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the 19th century Americans from the eastern states moved out west to settle in the rich new land along the Pacific Coast.The most difficult part of their trip was crossing the ＂Great American Desert＂ in the western part of the United States.
The western desert can be very dangerous.There is little water and there are few trees.But the desert also has scenery of great beauty.Tall towers of red and yellow stones rise sharply from the flat，sandy valley floor.
At Lake Powell，the red stone arch (弓形) of Rainbow Bridge rises high above the blue lake.Many areas of Lake Powell’s shore can only be reached by boat or on foot.But hikers sometimes find very old native American pictures，painted on the rocks.
In Death Valley，California，the summer temperature rises to 130—165 degrees Fahrenheit.There is less than two inches of rain each year.In the 1800s，many travellers died when they tried to cross this waterless valley in the terrible heat.
Although the desert is dry and seems empty，there is plenty of life if you look closely.Small insects，snakes，and rats have learned to live underground and come out at night when it is cool.Plants like cacti (仙人掌) which need very little water live here.When it rains，such plants grow quickly，and flowers open in a single day.For a short time，the desert is covered with brilliant colours.
Modern visitors to the Great American Desert don’t have the same problems as early travellers had.They have air conditioning and can carry plenty of water in their cars.They enjoy the change from the crowded city.And there is nothing more beautiful than the colour of a desert sunset.
1. In the 19th century，when the Americans moved from the east to the west，they must go through ________.
A. the comfortable Pacific Coast
B. the attractive scenery
C. the suitable place
D. the terrible desert
2. The fifth paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
A. only those plants which need no water can live in the dry land
B. although the desert is very dry，there’re still some animals and plants in the desert
C. it rains once or twice each year averagely in the desert
D. travellers can often see that the desert is covered with brilliant colours
3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. There are many kinds of wildlife in Death Valley.
B. Travellers may possibly see some pictures at Lake Powell.
C. The temperature is always 130—165 degrees Fahrenheit in Death Valley.
D. Rats can live in the desert and come out even at hot nights.
4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of Death Valley?
A. Hot. B. Deadly. C. Waterless. D. Lifeless.
B
Spinning (动感单车) was created by world-class cyclist Jonathan Goldberg as a convenient and quick way to train for races.In 1989，he and John Baudhuin opened the first spinning centre in Santa Monica，California and then developed a programme to certify (授予合格证书) other spinning instructors.Curious to know about this spinning thing? The following information will help you decide if it’s for you.
Spinning is an aerobic (有氧的) exercise that takes place on a specially designed stationary (固定的) bicycle called a spinning bike.As you pedal，music plays and the instructor talks you through an imagination of an outdoor cycling workout：＂You’re going up a long hill now...＂ During the class you vary your pace—sometimes pedaling as fast as you can，other times pedaling slowly from a standing position.
Spinning burns serious calories and makes your heart pump fast.It also strengthens your muscles.Although you follow the general instructions of the spinning teacher，you are in control when it comes to your pace.You can finish a spin class，regardless of your pace.You can finish a spin class，regardless of your fitness level simply by adjusting your pace.
Equipment needed：
Other than the bike，here’s what you need for a safe，comfortable ride：
A pair of comfortable shoes.
Two towels，one for wiping away sweat and one for covering the handlebars so your hands won’t slide out of position.
A full water bottle，because you’re going to sweat.Most spinning bikes are equipped with a water bottle cage so you can place your water within easy reach.
Hot Tip：Arrive five minutes early for your first class so your instructor can answer any questions and help you with bike adjustments.Make sure you let him/her know about any injuries that you have so he/she can help you change some of the moves.During class，be sure to let your instructor know if you are having trouble with the general technique. If the class is too hard，just pedal more slowly.
5. What was Goldberg’s original purpose in creating spinning?
A. To certify spinning instructors.
B. To prepare for sports events.
C. To strengthen muscles.
D. To improve fitness level.
6. Which of the following is NOT the necessity needed for spinning?
A. Towels. B. A water bottle. C. Comfortable shoes. D. Earphones.
7. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Spinning is as difficult as climbing a hill.
B. You decide for yourself the pace of pedaling.
C. Pedaling fast is likely to cause injuries.
D. Playing music will disturb you in spinning.
8. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Spinning your way to good health
B. World-class cyclist jonathan goldberg
C. A new form of aerobic exercise
D. Equipment needed for spinning
Ⅱ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限1词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
After shopping, Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch. I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and young couple. They ate silently, and it was clearly that things were not going well. As we left, Mother stopped on their table. ＂Excuse me，＂ she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman. ＂You remind me so many of my mother. May I hug you？＂ The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it. After we left, I said, ＂That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.＂ ＂Neither did me，＂said Mother cheerfully.
1.（2016·浙江）When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved
C. reflected D. spoiled
2.（2013·辽宁） Everything seemed to be going ________ for the first two days after I moved to New York.
A. vividly B. generally
C. frequently D. smoothly
3.（2014·湖北）Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said_______ ，＂Don’t be so mean，＂ pointing a finger of warning at her.
A. dreadfully B. guiltily
C. indirectly D. sharply
4.（2016·浙江）George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
5.（2014·江苏）The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A. being given B. having given
C. to be given D. having been given
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.aware 2.awesome 3.steep 4.pension 5.suck
6. flashlight 7.sharp 8.pure 9.vivid 10.boundary
Ⅱ.语法填空
1.hitting 2.that 3. Luckily 4.properly 5.to contact
6.the 7.injured 8.accidents 9.reported 10.This/It
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.to keep it neat 2.Were you aware that 3.was vividly recorded
4.was nearly scared to death 5.have been reflecting on 6.was really awesome
7.is targeted at 8.have sharpened 9.What an awesome sight
10.with his eyes looking at the sky
K能力
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】介绍了美国大沙漠的情况。虽然干旱少雨，但是却也有生命存在。
1. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句可知，他们必须穿越一个条件很恶劣的沙漠。
2. B【解析】段落大意题。文章第五段主要讲了尽管沙漠干旱，但总有一些动植物生长在那里。
3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，游人有时在鲍威尔湖的岩石上能够看到古老的美 国土著画。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段对死亡谷的描述可知A、B、C三项在文中均提到了。在第五段中也 提到这里虽然干旱、少雨，但还是有一些植物生长在这里，因此lifeless(无生命的)不是死亡谷的特征。
B
【语篇解读】文章介绍了动感单车的发展以及对人类的益处。
5. B【解析】细节理解题。由文章开头第一句话可知，戈德堡最初发明动感单车是为比赛而准备的一种简单 快捷的训练方式。
6. D【解析】细节理解题。文章倒数第二、三、四段提到了A、B、C三项，D项没有提到。
7. B【解析】推理判断题。由第三段第三句及最后一段最后一句可以推断出踩踏板的速度是由练习者自己决 定的。
8. A【解析】主旨大意题。B、D两项仅仅提到文章中的一部分；C项太含糊，读者看过标题之后依然会困 惑。A项既提到了spinning，又提到了它对健康有好处，使读者一目了然。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
After shopping, Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch. I Mother looking at a nearby table by an elderly woman and young couple. They ate silently, and it was that things were not going well. As we left, Mother stopped their table. ＂Excuse me，＂ she said, her arm around the unhappy old woman. ＂You remind me so of my mother. May I hug you？＂ The woman smiled happily as she acceptedit. After we left, I said, ＂That was very nice of you, Mother. I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.＂ ＂Neither did ，＂ said Mother cheerfully.
K真题
1. C【解析】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。limit限制；reserve保 留；reflect反映；spoil宠坏。由句意可知选C。
2. D【解析】考查副词。smoothly意思＂顺利＂。句意＂当我搬到纽约后前两天一切似乎进展很顺利＂。
3. D【解析】句意上，＂Sabrina 一说完话Albert就严厉地说，不要这么吝啬，并手指着她＂。根据句意中 的＂Don’t be so mean＂以及用手指指的动作来看所选副词的意思肯定是程度上很严肃的。A项表 示＂可怕地＂；B项表示＂愧疚地＂；C项是＂间接地 ＂而D表示＂尖锐地，严厉地＂，故选D。
4. C【解析】句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。must have gone过去一定做了某事；might have gone过去可能做了某事；can’t have gone是对过去的否定推测；needn’t have gone本不必 做某 事。故选C。
5. D【解析】句中逻辑主语lecture与动词give是被动关系，故需要用被动语态。being given指正在进行的 演讲；to be given将要发表的演讲。having?been?given则强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词 follow的动作之前。句意：发表演讲之后，接下来是现场提问时间。故D正确。
Unit 3 Under the sea
动词-ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词-ing的被动形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。
一、动词-ing被动形式的构成
形式
用法
一般式
being done
被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成式
having been done
被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
?Having been invited，Mr.Li went there to give a speech though he was busy.
李先生受邀去那儿作演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。
二、动词-ing被动形式的用法
动词-ing形式的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。
?She insisted on being given the hardest work.(作宾语)
她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。
?You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语)
你会听到到处都在讨论这个话题。
?Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.(作主语)
不让他出去，他非常生气。
?Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistakes.(作状语)
被告知多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
?The museum being repaired will be reopened to visitors next year.(作定语)
正在维修的博物馆将从明年开始接待客人。
三、动词-ing形式的几种特殊用法
1. 在deserve，need，require，want等词之后，总是用动词-ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于＂to be＋ 过去分词＂。
?The radio needs repairing.
＝The radio needs to be repaired.这台收音机需要修理了。
2. be worth后也常跟动词-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。
?The book is worth reading again.
＝The book is worthy of being read again.
＝The book is worthy to be read again.
这本书值得再读一遍。
3. 动词-ing形式被动式的复合结构
当动词-ing形式被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)
?I am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal.很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。
?The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan.
决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. As we approached the village，we saw new houses________(build)．
2. I appreciated________(give)the chance to study abroad two years ago.
3. He narrowly escaped________(run)over.
4. After he became conscious，he remembered______(attack)and hit on the head.
5. The flowers________(smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. Exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
_________________________________________________________________
2. The girl was annoyed at left alone.
_________________________________________________________________
3. He couldn’t bear being made fun like that.
_________________________________________________________________
4. I look forward to be invited to his wedding.
_________________________________________________________________
5. The picture is not worth being looked at.
_________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ. 句型转换：用ing形式的被动语态合并句子
1. The school has been built for two years. The school is designed for the disabled children.
The school，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，is intended for the disabled children.
2. I am laughed at in the public. I don’t like it.
I don’t like________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. He had not been promoted. Tony was angry.
Tony was angry at________ ________ ________to a higher position.
4. We all like the superstar. He is being interviewed.
We all like the superstar________ ________.
5. The squirrel was lucky. It was not caught.
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed________ ________.
6. The question has now been solved. It has been discussed for thousands of years.
The question，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，has now been solved.
7. The story has been read many times.The story seems much easier.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， the story seems much easier.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.being built 2.having been given 3.being run 4.being attacked 5.smelling
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Exposed→Being exposed 2.left前加being 3.fun后加of
4.be→being 5.being looked→looking
Ⅲ. 句型转换：用-ing形式的被动语态合并句子
1. having been built for two years 2. being laughed at in the public
3. not being promoted 4. being interviewed
5. being caught
6. having been discussed for thousands of years
7. Having been read many times
投诉信主要是针对未能解决的问题而提出，投诉需要收信者提供帮助，强调自己的＂怨言＂。投诉信的目的在于得到对方的帮助，所以在写作方式上它倾向于在客观说明的基础上运用请求性的文字，以期达到写投诉信的目的。
在表达自己的抱怨和不满情绪时要客观说明存在的问题并切中问题的要害，让对方认识到自己＂怨之有理＂而不是＂无事生非＂或＂无理取闹＂。在表达看法时要有礼有节，语气柔和。
(1)It is a great pity that we found there’s something wrong with...
令人非常遗憾的是我们发现……有问题。
(2)Would you please let me know whether or not you can... as soon as possible?
你们是否可以告知我能不能尽快……
(3)I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration.
我希望您能考虑一下我的问题。
(4)I am sure there are technical or man-made errors involved.
我确信出现了技术或人为的错误。
(5)I hope you can make an investigation into this matter as soon as possible.
我希望你们能尽快调查此事。
(6)I hope I can get my refund as soon as possible.
我希望能尽快收到退款。
(7)I am writing to make a complaint about...
我写信是为了投诉……
(8)If it is not properly settled，I would ask you to give my money back，or I would complain to the concerned authorities.
如果此事不能妥善解决，我将要求退还支付款项，或者向有关部门投诉。
(9)One annoying aspect of your service is...
你们的服务项目中一个令人不满的地方是……
(10)I have been pleased with your services for years, but now I feel very disappointed.
多年来我一直很满意你们的服务，但现在我非常失望。
(11) I would like to draw your attention to the problem/fault...
我想让您知道这个问题/错误……
(12)I am writing to inform you that I found... unsatisfactory.
我写信是为了告诉你，我发现……令人非常不满意。
(13)I wish to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about...
我想表达我对……的不满/失望。
(14)It would be highly appreciated if you could...
如果你能……我将万分感谢。
(15)I trust you will take my complaints seriously and...
我相信你会认真对待我的投诉，并且……
假定你是李华，两周前你从网上订购了一套英语书虫系列读物(Bookworm Series)，昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此给网店客服写一封电子邮件投诉。要点如下：
1．介绍购物情况；
2．反映存在的问题；
3．提出解决方案。
注意：
1．词数100个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．电子邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
To whom it may concern，___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours，
Li Hua
【审题谋篇】
体裁
投诉信
话题
购物
时态
一般现在时为主
人称
第一、二人称
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.词汇
1．________________ 令我大为失望的是
2．________________ 包装
3．________________ 更糟糕的是
4．________________ 有权利做某事
5．________________ 通知/告知某人某事
【答案】1. much to my disappointment 2. pack up 3. to make matters worse
4. have the right to do sth 5. inform sb of sth
Ⅱ.句式
1．I didn’t receive them until yesterday.(用强调句改写)
It was not until yesterday that I received them．
2．The books were poorly packed up. The cover of one book was torn.(用状语从句合并句子)
The books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn．
【范文欣赏】
To whom it may concern，I’m one of your customers. I ordered a set of Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago，but I didn’t receive them until yesterday. And much to my disappointment，the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn. To make matters worse，it is not a complete set，as I found one book missing.
I’m sorry to have received such poor service，and I believe I have the right to ask you to deal with this problem. I hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me. Besides，I’d like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours，
Li Hua
单元质量检测
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
We commonly hear this statement that the difference between life and school is that, in school you are taught the lessons first and then the tests follow but in life the tests are given first and then the lessons follow. Depending on how well we do in life’s tests, we either experience joy or success or we learn a harsh lesson from it.
There is a similarity in our process of learning in both school and life. Just as in school we have to repeat the year if we haven’t studied well, in life too. We find our challenges that we haven’t quite mastered keep repeating themselves in different forms. So why do these situations reappear?
Ironically, this is the same reason why we fail at school. When we do not learn the lessons that are to be learnt from the past experiences and when we do not prepare well for future eventualities, then we find ourselves poorly equipped to face the situations that come to test us. This condition naturally increases the probability of our failure.
We may have managed to pass our exams and even earn a degree. However, if we know nothing about the subject, we will find it hard to pass the exam or get the degree. So the challenge of studying for an exam at university is just the same as the challenge at work when a similar case needs to be dealt with at work, but this time failure leads to embarrassment or even job losses. In life, we mature and become wiser, not for others, but for ourselves and our choices.
The introductory statement ＂in life the tests are given first and then the lessons follow＂ is not entirely true. It is just that the lessons are less obvious until the testing situations are faced. The lessons are very subtle(细微的) in life when they come. We need to be prepared to learn them.
1. Generally speaking, the tests in life .
A. come after we have learned from lessons
B. reach us before we get prepared for them
C. give us a sense of achieving our goals
D. make a great difference to our daily life
2. What does the underlined word ＂eventualities＂ probably mean in the passage?
A. Events. B. Efforts. C. Lessons. D. Careers.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. school provides knowledge and life difficulties
B. the tests in life sometimes make us alert
C. school makes people easy but life pushes them
D. the tests in life offer no challenge to us
B
In southwestern France, a group of fish have learned how to kill birds. As the Tarn River winds through the city of Albi, it contains a small gravel island where pigeons gather to clean and bathe. And the European catfish(鲶鱼), 1 to 1.5 meters long and the largest freshwater fish on the continent, patrol(巡查) the island. These particular catfish have taken to jumping out of the water, grabbing a pigeon and then going back into the water to swallow their prey. In the process, they strand(使搁浅) themselves on land for a few seconds.
Other aquatic(水栖的) hunters strand themselves in a similar way, including bottle-nosed dolphins from South Carolina, which drive the small fish onto beaches, and Argentinian killer whales, which swim onto beaches to snag(抓住)the resting sea lions. The behavior of the Tarn catfish is so similar that Julien Cucherousset from Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse describes them as ＂freshwater killer whales＂.
Alerted to the catfish’s behavior by local fishermen, Cucherousset watched them from a bridge overlooking the island. Over the summer of 2011, he filmed 54 attacks, of which 28 percent were successful.
Catfish get their name for the long, sensitive whiskers on their upper jaws and the Tarn catfish will erect(竖立) theirs when they are hunting pigeons. This, combining with the fact that only moving pigeons are attacked, suggests that the catfish can sense the movement of birds that approach the water.
Cucherousset collected samples of the catfish as well as the three animals that they eat — pigeons, crayfish and smaller fish. The catfish and the three animals have different levels of carbon and nitrogen(氮)in their bodies and Cucherousset used these to show that individual catfish varies in whether they hunt pigeons and those that do so eat fewer fish.
4. According to Paragraph 1, the European catfish .
A. are no more than one meter long
B. are the smallest freshwater fish on the continent
C. kill and eat pigeons on land
D. usually stay in the water
5. Which of the following can NOT be described as ＂freshwater killer whales＂?
A. Catfish. B. Sea lions.
C. Bottle-nosed dolphins. D. Argentinian killer whales.
6. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Pigeons are safer when they stay still.
B. Pigeons have the same level of carbon as crayfish.
C. Catfish attack pigeons to eat more fish.
D. Cucherousset likes collecting samples of the catfish.
7. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Argentinian killer whales that attack the resting sea lions.
B. Bottle-nosed dolphins that drive the small fish onto beaches.
C. Pigeons that strand themselves on land.
D. Catfish that strand themselves to kill pigeons.
第二节
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10，000 years ago. 8 The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 9 So they are called ＂disease of civilization＂. Many cancers and diseases of blood systems are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco，probably none. 10 However，a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.
Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products and they made very little use of grains. 11 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors (祖先)．We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
12 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors did，cutting the amount of fatty，salty and sweet food.
A. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.
B. People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did.
C. Ancient people also lived in large groups.
D. But today，we eat a lot of these.
E. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise.
F. In that case，they would live much healthier.
G. People today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago did.
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In American culture, you may find some very sensitive topics that require you to think again before you put them forward. They are as follows:
Age. It is a very sensitive 1 to many Americans. In their culture, the thought of growing older is a painful one and most of them, if 2 , would like to have nothing to do with it. So many Americans work hard to 3 a youthful appearance. The last thing they want to be asked is the unthinkable question: ＂How old are you exactly?＂ This question may result in a(n) 4 like: ＂How old do you think I am?＂ Anyhow, if you are 5 to know someone’s age, first you estimate (估计) their age by their 6 . Then you take ten years away from that estimation. With a big 7 , that person will probably say, ＂Thanks, but I am a few years older than that.＂
Weight. This is another sensitive subject. In America, it is 8 to be thin and it is a huge 9 to be overweight. In any American fashion magazine, you’ll notice most 10 are nothing more than skin and bones.
Income. You should never ever ask how much someone’s 11 is. However, it’s perfectly 12 to ask about their job title and what they do for a living. This information should give you some idea.
Matters of the heart. This is a tricky (难对付的) one. Some people cannot wait to 13 their hearts out to you. But there are those who make sure their 14 business stays behind closed doors. The general 15 is not to get too personal. You don’t want others to think that you are 16 their lives. 17 ,try not to ask too many questions until you have a(n) 18 with this person.
Anyhow, it’s difficult to always 19 an embarrassing conversation. So, be sensible, 20 your mouth and try not to open a can of worms(蠕虫).
1. A. solution B. subject C. access D. approach
2. A. not B. possible C. ever D. necessary
3. A. choose B. change C. decorate D. keep
4. A. reply B. consequence C. description D. explanation
5. A. likely B. eager C. afraid D. nervous
6. A. dress B. skin C. appearance D. accent
7. A. smile B. sense C. prize D. gift
8. A. easy B. terrible C. desirable D. absurd
9. A. accident B. event C. excitement D. embarrassment
10. A. singers B. editors C. writers D. models
11. A. salary B. height C. weight D. age
12. A. awesome B. suitable C. foolish D. typical
13. A. pour B. cut C. mark D. test
14. A. rich B. foreign C. personal D. public
15. A. aspect B. rule C. idea D. concept
16. A. referring to B. contributing to C. looking into D. dropping into
17. A. Somehow B. Besides C. Indeed D. However
18. A. appointment B. quarrel C. discussion D. friendship
19. A. avoid B. begin C. produce D. promote
20. A. ignore B. take C. watch D. hide
第二节
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Friendship adds more 1 (please) to our life. Friends cheer us up 2 we feel upset and calm us down when we are 3 (anger). Friends give us a shoulder when we want to cry. Friends are just like sunshine 4 brightens our days. However, some people ignore the importance of 5 (make) good friends. As a result, they have no one to talk to when they get into trouble. They live a 6 (alone) life without friends around them.
As a famous saying goes, ＂A friend is a present you give 7 (you).＂ It means friends can make our life more enjoyable. I think 8 is important for us to learn to make friends when we move to a new place. Here are some tips for you:
First of all, we should be kind and helpful to the people around us, always offering a helping hand when it is necessary. Second, we’d better care about 9 others are feeling. If there is 10 (agree), it’s wise of us to talk it over instead of quarreling with others. In brief, making true friends can really enable us to improve ourselves.
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除与修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Many years ago, while we were returning from visit my mother at the nursing home, our car died at the crossing of two very busy roads. Since neither my brother nor I was old enough drive our car, my father suggested that we got out and push while he drove. Our efforts were fruitlessly and the car sat in the crossing. Suddenly, from every directions, strangers seemed to appear. They came from the gas station of the corner, the sandwich shop in the other direction, and they pushed beside us, move the car out of the road. Twenty-five years later when I was driving and saw a mother and his children in the same trouble. I pulled over, walked to the car, helped move the car out of the road but waited until the tow truck arrived.
第二节 书面表达
假设你是李华，你购买了一台联想牌笔记本电脑(Lenovo Y430 TFI),因有质量问题，要求该公司为你更换一台新电脑。请你根据下列要点，用英文写一封电子邮件。
要点：
1.问题：电脑启动后噪音过大,出现自动关机现象；型号新；无备件；无法维修；该产品在购买点已售完，至少三个月才能更换；
2.要求：公司尽快予以更换。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：备件spare parts 最新型号the latest model
Dear Sir,
I am writing to you for the laptop of Lenovo Y430 TFI I bought on 20th Sept.2014 at Suning in Wuhan.______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇解读】无论是在学校生活中还是在现实生活中，我们都要善于吸取教训。
1.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的＂in life the tests are given first and then the lessons follow＂可知，在生活中，先进行测试，之后才是教训。因此很多测试会在人们准备好之前到来。故选B。
2.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章中的＂we find ourselves poorly equipped to face the situations that come to test us＂可知，我们会发现自己没有准备好去应对要考验我们的状况。因此这里指＂当我们没有准备好去应对未来可能发生的事情时＂。故选A。
3. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的＂The lessons are very subtle(细微的) in life when they come.
We need to be prepared to learn them＂可知，在生活中，教训来得很细微，我们要对此警觉。故选B。
B
【语篇解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了能捕杀鸽子的鲶鱼。
4. D 【解析】推理判断题。由第一段中的＂These particular catfish have taken to...In the process， they strand(使 搁浅) themselves on land for a few seconds＂可知，鲶鱼通常待在水里。
5.B 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段的内容以及第二段中的＂Argentinian killer whales， which swim onto beaches to snag(抓住) the resting sea lions＂可知，答案为B。
6. A 【解析】推理判断题。由第四段最后的＂only moving pigeons are attacked， suggests that the catfish can sense the movement of birds that approach the water＂可推断出，答案为A。
7. D【解析】主旨大意题。结合全文内容尤其是第一段可知，本篇文章主要介绍了能捕杀鸽子的鲶鱼。
第二节
8. F 9. A 10. E 11. D 12. B
第二部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空
【语篇解读】由于文化背景的不同，与美国人交往时，要避开他们最忌讳的四个话题:年龄、体重、收入、私事。
1. B根据第三段中的＂This is another sensitive subject＂可知，此空选B。
2. B根据上下文语境可知，如果有可能的话，大部分美国人都不想与＂变老＂沾边儿。 if possible=if it is possible，符合语境。
3. D许多美国人竭力想保持年轻的外表。keep＂(使)保持，(使)处于＂，符合语境。
4. A下文的＂How old do you think I am?＂是对上文的＂How old are you exactly?＂的回答，故选reply，表示＂回答，答复＂。
5. B根据句中的＂you estimate(估计) their age＂可知，你很想知道对方的年龄，故选eager＂渴望的＂。
6. C此处表示首先通过他们的外表估计对方的年龄，故选C。
7. A下文的＂Thanks， but I am a few years older than that＂表明， 对方听到你的话很开心，由此可推断选A。
8. C下文的＂skin and bones＂表明人们想身材苗条。故选desirable＂想望的，可取的＂。absurd＂荒谬的＂，与题意 不符。
9. D 美国人都希望自己身材苗条，并且当他们超重时，就感到极为难堪。embarrassment＂窘迫，难堪＂，符合语境。
10. D因为是在时尚杂志上，所以选models＂模特儿＂。
11. A本段开头的Income表明了，不要问一个人的收入，故选salary＂薪金，薪水(尤指按月发放的)＂。
12. B但你完全可以问他们的工作头衔和以什么为生计。 suitable＂合适的＂，符合语境。
13.A下文的＂stays behind closed doors＂表明有些人不和别人谈自己的私事， 句中的But表明上下句之间的转折关系，故此句中是有些人迫不及待地向你倾诉心声。pour＂倾倒，倒出＂，符合语境。
14. C上文的 their hearts表明，这里指人们的私事， 故选personal＂个人的，私人的＂。
15. B总的规则是，不要跟别人谈过多的个人私事。rule＂规则＂，符合语境。
16. C你不想让别人认为你是在调查他们的生活。look into＂调查＂，符合语境。
17. B除了上文讲的不要打听他人的私事之外， 还要注意另一方面的事情。besides＂除……之外(还)＂，符合语境。
18. D不要对别人的情况问太多问题，直到你和此人成了朋友，故选D。
19. A由Anyhow可知，此处表明要想总是避免令人尴尬的谈话是不易的，故选A。
20. C为了避免令人尴尬的谈话，所以要明智些，说话要留意些，尽量不要触及那些人们忌讳的话题。watch＂当 心，留意＂，符合语境。
第二节
【语篇解读】本文讲述了朋友的重要性，并针对如何交朋友提出了两点建议。
1. pleasure考查名词。此处需用名词作宾语。pleasure＂快乐，高兴＂。
2. when考查状语从句。当我们感到难过的时候，朋友使我们振奋起来。根据语境可知，空处应填连词when，引 导时间状语从句。
3. angry考查词形转换。此处需用形容词作表语，angry＂生气的，发怒的＂。
4. that/which考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处应填关系词指代先行词sunshine，并在从句中作主语，因此填that/which。
5. making考查非谓语动词。介词of后需要跟动词-ing形式作宾语，因此填making。
6. lonely考查词形转换。这里修饰名词life，应用形容词lonely＂孤独的＂。alone也可作形容词，但不可用于 名词之前。
7. yourself考查代词。朋友是你送给你自己的礼物。由语境可知，此处应填反身代词yourself。
8. it考查形式主语。分析句子结构可知，本句是复合句，I think后为宾语从句。在宾语从句中，动词不定式作真正的主语，因此此处需用代词it作形式主语。
9. how考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，结合语境可知应填how。
10. disagreement考查词形转换。如果有了分歧，我们明智的做法是与别人详细聊一聊，而不是争吵。因此此处用disagreement。
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
Many years ago, while we were returning from my mother at the nursing home, our car died at the crossing of two very busy roads. Since neither my brother nor I was old enough drive our car, my father suggested that we ?out and push while he drove. Our efforts were ?and the car sat in the crossing. Suddenly, from every , strangers seemed to appear. They came from the gas station ?the corner, the sandwich shop in the other direction, and they pushed beside us, ?the car out of the road. Twenty-five years later when I was driving and saw a mother and ?children in the same trouble. I pulled over, walked to the car, helped move the car out of the road ?waited until the tow truck arrived.
第二节 书面表达
Dear Sir,
I am writing to you for the laptop of Lenovo Y430 TFI I bought on 20th Sept.2014 at Suning in Wuhan. Ten days after I bought it, it didn’t work well as expected. A loud noise appeared after it ran. Much worse, sometimes it shut off by itself. Then I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one. Later I went to a repairman. He said since it was the latest model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. I was so desperate on hearing that. How can I wait that long? Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
Unit 4 Sharing （1）
重 点
单 词
1. adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的 2. n. 观念；概念
3. adj. 有关的；切题的 4. adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
5. vi.& vt. 调整；(使)适合 6. vi. 参与；参加
7. conj. 否则；不然
adv. 用别的办法，其他方面
8. n. 特权；特别优待 9. ____________n. 航空邮件
10. n. 安排；排列 11. adj.& adv. 每周(的)
12. _________ n. 两星期 13. _________ n. 屋顶，车顶
14. _________n. 教科书，课本 15. _________n. 杂草
16. _________n. 台，平台；讲台 17. _________n. 扫帚
18. _________ vi.& vt. 嗅；闻，用鼻子吸 19. _________n. 文书工作
重 要
短 语
1. hear 收到……的信
2. (be)dying 极想；渴望
3. the day 不久前的一天
4. up 多达
5. come (偶然)遇见，碰见
6. to be 诚实地说
7. dry (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
8. dry (指河流、井等)干涸
关键句 型
1. The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
不久前的一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验演示，我还没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
2. But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys，Tombe.
不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的老师真的去了一个村庄，那是其中一个男生汤贝的家。
3. When hot，he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato)，corn and greens.
待(石块)烧热之后，他把它们连同考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜一起放进一个空的油桶中。
4. We walked for two and a half hours to get there－first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们走了两个半小时到那儿。先爬到山脊，在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景，然后下了一个陡坡到了下面的山谷。
【答案】
重点单词
1.muddy 2.concept 3.relevant 4. remote 5.adjust
6.participate 7.otherwise 8. privilege 9. airmail 10.arrangement 11.weekly 12. fortnight 13. roof 14. textbook 15. weed
16. platform 17. broom 18. sniff 19. paperwork
重要短语
1.from 2.to 3.other 4.to 5.across
6.honest 7.out 8.up
之重点单词
1. volunteer n.志愿者；v.自愿
volunteer?for sth?/?doing?sth??表示＂志愿/自动申请某事；志愿/自动申请做某事＂。
?volunteer?to?do?sth??表示＂自愿/义务/无偿做某事＂。
?They need some volunteers to help paint the house.
他们需要几个自愿帮助漆房屋的人。
【跟踪典例】
①The girl worked as a ________ ________(教师志愿者) in the mountainous area for three years.
②Now let’s recite the poem we learned last week. Any________？
③If you wish to join our committee and volunteer ________ the betterment of the whole school, please register in the Admissions Office.
【答案】
①volunteer teacher【解析】volunteer可以当名词和动词使用。作名词时，可以在句中充当定语。a volunteer teacher＂一个教师志愿者＂。
②volunteers【解析】本题题意：现在背诵上周学的那首诗。谁自告奋勇？volunteer表示＂志愿者＂。
③for【解析】本题题意：如果您愿意加入委员会，成为学校的志愿者，请到入学办公室报名。volunteer＂自愿；自 愿服务＂，常常和介词for连用。
2. relevant adj.有关的；切题的；有实际价值的
?His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.
他的国籍与他是否是一位好律师无关。
?Do you have the relevant experience?
你有相关的经验吗？
【知识拓展】
be relevant to与……有关 be related to与……有关
be concerned with与……有关 be involved in与……有关
be associated with与……有关
relevance n．关联，贴切，中肯 relevantly adv.有关地；切题地
irrelevant adj.无关的；不切题的
be irrelevant to sth/sb与某物/人不相关
【跟踪典例】
①What he said was not directly relevant________ what he had done.
②The criminal, as well as some _______ people, was arrested by the police yesterday.
【答案】
①to【解析】句意为＂他说的话与他所做的事情没有直接的关系＂。be relevant to...＂与……有关＂。
②relevant【解析】句意：那个罪犯，连同一些相关的人昨天被警方逮捕了。relevant相关的。
3. remote adj.遥远的；偏僻的
remote control遥控(器)
be remote from离……远；与……相差很大
?The old man lives in a house remote from any town or village.
那位老人住在一所远离村镇的房子里。
?The volunteer teaches in one of the most remote areas of the world.
这位志愿者在世界上最偏僻的一个地区教书。
【知识拓展】
remotely adv.遥远地；关系远地
remoteness n．遥远
【易混辨析】remote/far/distant
remote
指时间或距离上是遥远的，也指在兴趣、感情等方面距离很大，还指关系方面的疏远。
far
用来表示实际距离的远和时间的遥远，还可指引申意义的远。
distant
指时间、空间上的遥远，也可指亲属关系上的远。
?Mail comes to this remote village only once a week.邮车每周只到这个偏僻的村庄一次。
?The far side of the moon is difficult for us to observe.我们很难观察月亮远的一面。
?He is a distant cousin of mine.他是我的一位远房表亲。
【跟踪典例】
As to helping reduce poverty in some ________ areas, I can’t think of anything better than providing a proper education for the people there.
A. rare B. remote C. rough D. rapid
【答案】B
【解析】句意：说到帮助一些偏远地区减少贫困的问题，我想不出还有比为那里的人们提供适当的教育更好的方法了。remote＂偏僻的，遥远的＂。
4. adjust v. 调整；(使)适合
adjust...to... 根据……调整
adjust sb/oneself to...使某人/自己习惯于……；适应……
adjust to (doing) sth适应/习惯(做)某事
?She adjusted the seat to the height of her son.她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。
?He tried to adjust his daily schedule to leave time for everything.
他设法调整日常时间表，以便能有时间顾及所有的事。
【知识拓展】
adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的
adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment作出调整
adapt to 适应……（to 为介词）
? adapt?oneself?to?…???使自己适应…… ·
【易混辨析】adapt/adjust
adapt
指在原有情况下作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件，强调改变的目的和重要性。
adjust
侧重调整、调节使适应，改变的幅度要小一些，主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等。
?You should adjust your watch. It’s five minutes slow.你应该调准你的手表，它慢五分钟。
?I believe that a good hotel must adapt itself to changing times.我认为一个好的宾馆必须适应潮流。
【跟踪典例】
During the flight to the Mars, the satellite will gradually __________ its directions so that it can go into the programmed orbit.
A. adjust B. adopt C. adapt D. accept
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在飞往火星的途中，这颗卫星将逐渐调整它的方向以便能进入预定轨道。adjust＂调整＂。adopt采纳，收养；adapt适应；accept接受。
5. lay vt.放置；铺设 vt.下(蛋)；产卵
?He laid the book on the bookshelf a moment ago.他刚才把这本书放在了书架上。
?He laid the new carpet on the floor yesterday.昨天他把新地毯铺在了地板上。
【温馨提示】lie(躺)；lie(撒谎)；lay的区别如下表：
动词原形
汉语意思
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
撒谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺，位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放，下蛋
laid
laid
laying
巧学妙记：
有规则的撒撒谎，(作＂撒谎＂讲时，变化符合规则)
不规则的放和躺，(作＂放＂和＂躺＂讲时，变化不符合规则)
现在放乃过去躺，(作＂放＂讲时的现在式即原形和作＂躺＂讲时的过去式是同一词)
放与撒谎变同样。(作＂放＂和＂撒谎＂讲时，变化特点一样如：lied, lied, laid, laid。而作＂躺，位于＂讲时则不同)
【跟踪典例】
There was an oil painting________(lay) in the corner. It ________(lay) there for several days.
【答案】lying; had lain
【解析】句意为：在那个角落里有一张油画，它在那儿好几天了。第一空作定语修饰painting。可用两种形式：一是lying，是lie的现在分词，表示状态；二是laid，是lay(放置)的过去分词，与painting是被动关系。第二空只能填had lain, lain是lie表示＂躺，位于＂时的过去分词，没有被动形式。
6. participate vi.参加，参与
participate with sb in sth与某人分担……
participate in sth＝take part in参加
participate in sth with sb同某人参与某事
?He often participates in activities after class.他经常参加课外活动。
?I participate in your suffering and joy.我跟你同甘共苦。
【知识拓展】
participant n．参加者；共享者
participation n．参与；分担；共享
【易混辨析】participate in/attend/join/take part in/join in
participate in
正式用语，表示＂参加，参与＂。强调与他人共同参加某一活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加。
attend
正式用语，一般指参加会议、出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学、听课、听演讲或讲座等。
join
常用词，作及物动词；通常指参加某组织或团体，并成为其中的一员。
take part in
指参加群众性的活动，侧重说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。part前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词加形容词。
join in
参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐活动、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词，可以用于join in (doing) sth/join sb in(doing) sth结构中。
【跟踪典例】
用attend/take part in/join/join in/ participate填空
①She was sick so she didn’t her classes.
②A great number of students the movement last month.
③He will never forget the day when he the army.
④Everyone in the team is required to in the discussion.
⑤Will you the game with us?
【答案】
①attend【解析】句意:她生病了,所以没上课。attend＂参加,出席,到场＂,符合句意和语境。
②took part in【解析】句意:上个月,很多学生参加了那项运动。take part in＂参加,参与＂,符合句意和语境。
③joined【解析】句意:他永远忘记不了参军的那一天。join＂成为……的一员,加入＂,符合句意和语境。
④participate/join【解析】句意:组内的每个成员都被要求参加讨论。participate＂参加,参与＂,为不及物动词, 后跟宾语时需借助介词in。本空也可填join, join in＂参加(活动),加入进来＂。
⑤join in【解析】句意:你愿意与我们一起玩游戏吗?
7. otherwise
（1）conj.否则；不然。相当于or或if not。
?We’ll?go?early,?otherwise?we?may?not?get?a?seat.???我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。?
?（2）adv.用别的方法；其他方面；除此以外。相当于in?another?way或apart?from?...
??He?is?rich,?but?otherwise?an?unhappy?man.???他有钱，但在其他方面是个不幸福的人。
【温馨提示】
otherwise常用在虚拟语气中，替代非真实条件句；另外＂祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句＂句型也是高考的重点。
?We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time.
我们在机场被耽搁了，不然的话我们午饭时就到了。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①Put on your coat，______________.
穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。
②Thanks for your suggestion，otherwise _________.
谢谢你的建议，要不然我解决不了这个问题的。
【答案】
①otherwise you’ll catch a cold
②I couldn’t have settled the problem
8. privilege n．特权；特别优待 vt. 给予……的优惠/特权
It is a privilege to do sth做某事是一种殊荣
have the privilege to do/of doing sth有特权做某事
?Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.
教育应是全民的权利而非部分人享有的特权。
?I hope to have the privilege to work with you.我希望有幸与你合作。
【知识拓展】
privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的
【跟踪典例】
What excited me most was that I had the to meet the president when he visited our school.
A. participation B. privilege C. inspiration D. adjustment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:最让我兴奋的是总统来我们学校访问的时候,我有幸见到了他。privilege表示＂荣幸,荣耀＂。
9. arrangement n.安排；排列
come to an arrangement谈妥；达成协议
make arrangements for为……做好准备；为……做好安排
make arrangement with sb与(某人)商定或约好，(和某人)达成协议
?The secretary has made the arrangement of the time and place for the meeting.
秘书为这次会议时间和地点做好了安排。
?We have finished all the arrangements for the party.我们已经完成晚会的所有安排工作。
【知识拓展】
arrange v．安排；排列；整理
arrange for sth安排……；为……做准备
arrange to do sth安排做某事
arrange for sb to do sth安排某人做某事
【跟踪典例】
根据汉语提示完成句子
①They are busy ________________ (为……做好安排) their parents’ fortieth wedding anniversary.
②We _______ (达成一致) over the time of the party.
③We ________________ (为……做好安排) our vacation. We are dying to set out.
【答案】
①making arrangements for ②came to an arrangement
③made arrangements for
之重点短语
1. hear from接到……的信
I look forward to hearing from her.我盼望着收到她的信。
【温馨提示】
hear from后面只能接表示人的名词或代词，不可接某人的信(letter)作宾语。＂收到某人的信＂可用get a letter from sb来表示。
【知识拓展】
hear about/of听说；听到；听到说起
hear that...听人说起……
hear sb do sth听到某人做了某事
hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事
?I’ve never heard of anyone doing a thing like that.
我从来没听说有人会做这种事。
?We often hear the couple quarrel. And this morning when I was passing by, I heard them quarreling again.
我们经常听到这对夫妇吵架，今天早上我路过时又再次听到他们吵架的声音。
【跟踪典例】
补全句子
①Do you often ________ ________(收到来信) your brother?
②I have never ________ ________(听说) such a foolish person before.
【答案】①hear from ②heard of/about
2. (be)dying to do极想；渴望
?I’m dying to chat with you online again.我极想和你再次在网上聊天。
?The students are dying to know the result of the exam.学生们正渴望知道考试结果。
【知识拓展】
(1)be dying for/to do sth极想/渴望(做)某事；迫切想要(做)某事
(2)同义表达还有：
be eager for/to do sth be thirsty for sth
desire to do sth have a strong desire for sth
long for/to do sth
? She was dying/eager/thirsty for a holiday to relax herself.
她非常渴望一个假期来放松一下自己。
?Out of curiosity, I’m eager to know the truth.
出于好奇，我渴望知道事情真相。
【跟踪典例】
①Now I’m hungry and ________(die)for a big meal; I had breakfast too early this morning.
②After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, Chinese astronauts are dying________walk in space.
【答案】
①dying【解析】句意：现在我饿了，极想吃顿大餐。今天早晨我早饭吃得太早了。be dying for sth渴望得到 某物。
②to【解析】句意：杨利伟成功绕地球飞行之后，中国宇航员们渴望在太空行走。考查固定结构。be dying to do sth极想做某事。
3. the other day不久前的一天
?I saw Tom at the bank the other day. 几天前我在银行见到过汤姆。
【知识拓展】
one day(将来或过去的)某一天 some day(将来的)某一天
day by day一天天地，强调变化 day after day日复一日，强调重复
another day改天；另一天 by day白天里
【巧学妙记】
One day I met a friend of mine in the street. He told me he would come to see me another day. So I have been expecting him day after day.
一天我在街上遇到了我的一个朋友，他告诉我改天再来看我。因此我就每天盼着他来。
【易混辨析】the other day/one day/ some day/ another day
the other day
不久前的一天
用于一般过去时
one day
某一天
既可指过去的某一天，又可指将来的某一天
some day
将来的某一天
用于一般将来时
another day
改天
可表近期将来的某一天，也可表过去或状态延续的＂又一天＂
【跟踪典例】
①________ ________ ________(不久前的一天) the researchers caught a special seal in the sea near the Antarctic; however, they were not aware of how old it was.
②—What about going to the cinema this weekend?
—I’d love to, but I have a lot to deal with. Let’s make it________ ________(改天)．
【答案】
①The other day【解析】the other day＂不久前的一天＂，指过去的某一天，用于一般过去时态。
②another day【解析】句意为：＂这周末去看电影怎样？＂＂我想去，但有很多事情要处理，改天吧。＂another day 改天，符合语境。
4. come across偶然遇见；被理解
?I came across an American on the way home, whose words did not really come across.
我在回家的路上偶然遇见一个美国人，但他的话我没能真正理解。
【知识拓展】
come about产生；发生 come out出版；出来；开花(无被动)
come to达到 come into being产生；形成
come back回来,恢复 come down下降,降低
come up with想出,提出 come along 进展,进步
come on快点,加油 how come怎么会
?I don’t know how the differences came about.我不知道这种差异是如何产生的。
?If she spent five years in Paris, how come she can’t speak a word of French?
她如果在巴黎待了五年，怎么一句法语都不会说呢？
【跟踪典例】
1. How does it that you didn’t report the theft until a week after it occurred?
A. come about B. come out C. come across D. come up
2. If you can’t _____ a better plan, we have to carry out the present one.
A. care for B. come up with C. come across D. care about
【答案】
1. A 【解析】句意:你怎么在失窃发生一周后才来报告?come about＂发生,造成＂;come out＂发行,显现,结 果＂;come across＂偶遇＂;come up＂出现,走近＂。How does it come about + that-clause是固定结构,意 为＂……是怎样发生的＂。
2. B【解析】care for 关心，照顾；come up with 提出，想出；come across 偶遇，无意间发现；care about 担心，关心。句意：如果你不能提出更好的方案，我们就得执行当前的方案了。故B选项正确。
5. make a difference产生差别，有影响，起重要作用
?Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause.
你们的支持对我们的事业肯定是有影响的。
【知识拓展】
make no/a little/much/some difference没有/有一点/有很大/有一些差别
make a difference between区分……
tell the difference between分辨……的差别
注意: difference前常用a, some, little, much, no, any等修饰。
?The rain didn’t make much difference to the game.这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
?It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.不管他去或是不去，对我都没有影响。
?Does it make any difference which side will win? 哪边赢有关系吗？
【跟踪典例】
补全句子
①这场雪对他打篮球没多大影响。
The snow didn’t ________ ________ ________ to his playing basketball.
②你是去是留对我来说都无所谓。
It ________ ________ ________ to me whether you go or stay.
【答案】
①make much difference ②makes no difference
6. dry out(使浸水等之物)完全变干，干透
?We waited for our wet clothes to dry out. 我们等着我们的湿衣服晾干。
?Don’t leave the vegetable on the table, or it will dry out. 不要把蔬菜放在桌子上，否则它会变干的。
【知识拓展】
dry up(河流、井等)干涸 dry off(使)变干
The pond dried up in the summer. 那个池塘在夏天干涸了。
The swimmer dried off in the hot sun.游泳的人在烈日下晒干身体。
【易混辨析】dry out/dry up
dry out
强调浸水等物的完全变干；干透
dry up
强调河流、井等干涸
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词或副词填空
①The paint should have dried ________ by this time tomorrow.
②His imagination seems to have dried ________.
【答案】①out ②up
之重点句型
1. Well, it’s a bush school—the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.它是一所丛林学校
——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。
(1)本句是一个简单句，破折号后面的内容起解释说明作用。roofs与of grass之间省略了are made。
(2)句中的be made of意为＂由……制成＂(能够直接看出原材料)。
?The table is made of wood.这桌子是用木头做的。
?The overcoat is made of leather.这件大衣是用皮革做的。
【知识拓展】
①be made from由……制成(无法看出原材料)。
?Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿制的。
②be made in表示＂在……地方制造＂。
?He bought his wife a skirt in America, but when he got home, he found that it was made in China.
他在美国给妻子买了条裙子，但回家后他发现裙子是在中国制造的。
③be made into是make...into的被动形式，表示＂被制成……＂。
?We’re making our attic into an extra bedroom.我们正在把阁楼改装成一间额外的卧室。
④be made up of由……组成，相当于consist of。
?The medical team is made up of ten doctors.这支医疗队由10位大夫组成。
⑤be made by由……制作(by后接制造者)。
⑥be made out of由……制成；用……改制而成。
【跟踪典例】
The car which he drives to work every day ________Shanghai.
A. was made of B. was made from
C. was made into D. was made in
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:他每天上班开的那辆车是在上海制造的。be made of ＂由……所组成＂,一般指能看出原材料;be made from ＂由……制成＂,一般指不能看出原材料;be made into ＂被制成……＂;be made in＂在……地方制造＂,后边跟产地。根据空后的Shanghai可知,应选D。
2. The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the
mixture was bubbling over everywhere!有一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还
没明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒泡了！
(1)when是并列连词，连接两个并列分句。before I knew it是时间状语。本句为＂was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时＂句式，意为＂正在做……就在这时……＂；when为并列连词，意为＂正在这时＂。
?I was doing my homework when my mother came back home.当妈妈回家的时候我正在写作业。
?The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.
孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了雨。
【知识拓展】
be about to do...when...(某人)正要做……这时(突然)……
I was about to go out when Tom came in.我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。
(2)本句中before用作连词，意思是＂在……之前；还没来得及……就＂。
?Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.不要高兴得过早。(如意算盘别打得太早。)
?Before she could move, she heard a great noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
?Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room.
不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。
【知识拓展】
before还可以用于：
①It＋be＋时间段＋before...句型中，意思是＂在……之后才……＂。
?It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回来。
?It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。
②如果主句中用否定式，则表示＂不多久……就＂。
?It won’t be long before they understand each other.他们不久就会互相了解的。
③＂趁……(还没有)＂之意。
?They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.
他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
?Do it before you forget it.趁早动手，以免忘了。
【跟踪典例】
1. Lonnie was on the point of getting up and leaving _________he saw Aaron looking at him.
A. while B. as C. when D. before
2. She had just finished her homework _________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A. when B. while C. after D. since
3. What made me angry was that __________ I had time to write down the number of the car which speeded, it had run away.
A. immediately B. when C. till D. before
4. It took what seemed to be years _________ the football star appeared, which made the fans disappointed and angry.
A. when B. before C. since D. until
【答案】
1.C【解析】句意:Lonnie正想站起来走开,这时他看到Aaron正看着他。while＂当……时候＂,表示两个延续 性动作同时发生且具有对比意味;as＂当……时候＂,强调伴随;before＂在……以前＂。when＂就在那 时＂,常和进行时态连用,意为＂正在做某事突然＂,故选C项。?
2.A【解析】句意:昨天她刚做完作业,她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。题干是＂Sb had just done sth when…＂句 型, 其中when为并列连词,意为＂这时(突然)＂。
3.D【解析】考查状语从句。语意:让我生气的是我还没来得及写下那辆超速车的号码它就跑掉了。before引 导时间状语从句,含义为＂在……之前＂。
4.B【解析】考查状语从句。句意:这位足球明星似乎过了好几年的时间才出现,这使得球迷既失望又气愤。 before意为＂在……之前＂。
3. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their
villages after Year 8 anyway.有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些学生们究竟有多大的用处，他们中的大多
数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。
本句是一个复合句，wonder后跟的是how引导的宾语从句。most of whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰students, most of whom是＂名词/代词/数词＋of＋关系代词＂结构，在语意上相当于most of them。如：
?Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
最近我买了一个古老的中国花瓶，它的价格很合理。
?She has two sons, both of whom are serving in the army.她有两个儿子，都在部队服役。
【跟踪典例】
The old couple have two children, ________________(两个孩子都不)able to come to see them when they feel lonely, however.
【答案】neither of whom is
4. You asked whether I’m getting to know any local people.你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。
get to＋喜好/认识，表示渐变的过程。如：
?I got to realize how important the happy life was as I grew older.
随着年龄的增长，我逐渐意识到幸福生活的重要性。
?I got to like the flat we were going to move in.我逐渐地喜欢上我们即将搬进去的公寓。
?He got to know why his granny kept the photo so carefully.
他渐渐地知道了他奶奶那么小心地保存这张相片的原因。
【跟踪典例】
汉译英
莎莉逐渐意识到她母亲为她做的一切。
_______________________________________________
【答案】Sally got to realize what her mother did for her.
5. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys,
Tombe.不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。
did在句中起强调作用，表示＂的确；确实＂。英语中，如果需要强调谓语，常用助动词do, does或did置于谓语动词之前，此时谓语动词要用原形。＂do/does/did＋动词原形＂这种强调句中只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。注意在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。如：
?Do be careful！千万要小心！
?I do hope you have a merry Christmas!衷心祝福你圣诞快乐！
?He does speak English well.他英语说得确实很好。
【跟踪典例】
① When we __________ a mistake, we must correct it fully, openly, and as quickly as possible.
A. do make B. don’t make C. making D. not making
②He (do,表示强调) come here yesterday.
③他的确很熟悉这个地方。
He the place well. (表示强调)
【答案】
①A【解析】句意:当我们的确犯错误时,我们必须尽快地、公开地并完全地改正它。在谓语动词前面加一个 助动词do,表示强调。
②did
③does know
6. When we arrived at the village, Tombe’s mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started
crying ＂ieee ieee＂．当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草。看到我们就＂嗳矣，
嗳矣＂地叫了起来。
本句中when引导一个时间状语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰Tombe’s mother, Kiak。had been pulling...是过去完成进行时，其构成是＂had been＋现在分词(doing)＂，表示在过去某时或者某个动作之前一直进行的动作，暗示该动作持续到过去某时或过去某个动作发生时，且还可能持续下去。句中常含有by引出的时间状语、before或when引导的从句(从句用一般过去时)、表示一段时间的状语(如for hours, all day)等。如：
?Before you came here, I had been painting the living room all day.
在你来这里之前，我一整天都在粉刷起居室。
?It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.雨一直下了两天，田地全被淹了。
【跟踪典例】
The girl has a great interest in sport and ________(take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
【答案】has been taking
7. When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato), corn and greens.待(石块)烧
热之后，他把它们连同考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜一起放进一个空的油桶中。
(1)When hot是承前省略，完整的句子应是：When the stones were hot...。
(2)状语从句的省略原则：
一般情况下，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且有系动词be时，可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。
?When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.她很小的时候，就开始学习弹钢琴。
?If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。
【巧学妙记】状语从句省略口诀
省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以；
从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的；
从句若有it be，照样省去不迟疑；
选择-ed或-ing，主动被动变仔细。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①________ ________(离开前)，turn off all the lights.
②You should stay where you are, ________ ________ ________ ________(除非叫你离开)．
【答案】①Before leaving ②unless asked to leave
8. I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not
participate in the conversation.他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈，我很喜欢听他们的谈话，尽
管我不能加入他们的谈话。
句中的even though引导一个让步状语从句。主句为前面的I loved listening to...，其中动名词短语listening to...作宾语，后面的现在分词短语talking to each other作宾语补足语。
【知识拓展】
even though/if引导的让步状语从句，其主从句谓语可以用陈述语气说明事实或
可能成为事实，也可以用虚拟语气说明与事实相反情况或不可能成为事实的情况。如：
?Even though Bruce gets accepted to Harvard, his family isn’t able to afford the
expensive tuition.
即使布鲁斯被哈佛大学录取，他家也付不起那昂贵的学费。
?Even though the poisoned man had been treated in the hospital, he wouldn’t have
been saved.即使那个中毒的人在医院得到治疗，他也不会被救活。
【跟踪典例】
We will hold a meeting to sum up our experience _________we finish our task.
A.in case?? B. even though?? C. despite?? D. immediately
?【答案】B
【解析】考查连词。in case＂以防万一＂；even though＂即使＂；despite＂尽管，不管＂；immediately＂一……就……＂。句意：即使我们完成我们的任务，我们也将举行一次会议来总结经验。根据句意和语境可知选B。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. The secretary has made the ________(安排) of a time and place.
2. They built a________(平台) in the trees from which they could watch the animals unobserved.
3. As usual, he stood his ________(扫帚) behind the door after he finished cleaning the room.
4. The farmhouse is ________(遥远的) from any other building.
5. These facts are ________(有关的) to the case.
6. He didn't ________(参加) in the game as a result of his illness.
7. Education is a ________(特权) in many countries.
8. Seize the chance, ________(否则) you will regret it.
9. ________(文书工作)consumed much of the committee’s time.
10. All the ________(剩饭)ought to be warmed up before eating.
Ⅱ.用适当的介词或副词填空
1. She continued to care for her father ________ to the time of his death.
2. If you have time, pay a visit ________ the local museum.
3. I tried to lead the discussion back ________ the main issue.
4. ________ exams approaching, it’s a good idea to review your class notes.
5. He had to buy a new sofa for his son to sleep ________.
6. Bob told Jess he wanted to share his life ________ her.
7. Some animals have a remarkable ability to adapt ________ changing environments.
8. Community schools provide good quality education______ children who would ________ have no opportunity
to attend school.
9. You can use the cars ________any special occasion.
10. Walking is beneficial ________ our health.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. 我确实告诉你了，但是你忘了。
I ________ ________ ________， but you have forgotten it.(tell)
2. 我盼望着不久收到你的信。
I look forward to ________ ________ ________ in the near future.(hear)
3. 他在海滨度假，并天天去参加冲浪运动。
He spends holiday at the seashore, and goes to ________ ________ ________ every day.(participate)
4. 听了他对这部电影的评论，我真想去看。
Having heard what he had said about the film, I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(die)
5. 他无法适应这个大都市的忙碌的现代生活。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ the whirl of modern life in this big city.(adjust)
6. 她低着头坐在那里。
She sat there ________ ________ ________ ________.(bend)
7. 过马路时，你一定要小心。
________ ________ ________ ________， you must be careful.(cross)
8. 我们正忙着做圣诞节的准备。
We are busy ________ ________ ________ Christmas.(arrangement)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
The spirits of giving
Two weeks before Christmas, two girls were walking down the street, laughing on some ice that remained from a recent snow. Merrily they shared what they hoped to 1 from Christmas.
They stopped to talk to an old man named Harry, who was on his knees 2 weeds around a large oak tree. He wore a pair of 3 garden gloves. His fingers were sticking out of the ends, blue from the 4 .
Harry told them he was getting the yard in 5 as a Christmas gift for his mother, who had died several years before. His eyes 6 with tears. "My mother was all I had. She loved her 7 and her trees, so I do this for her at Christmas."
His words 8 the girls and soon they were down on their hands and knees helping him 9 around the trees. When they were finished, Harry pressed a quarter into each of their hands and said, "I wish I could 10 you more, but it’s all I’ve got right now."
The girls had often passed his house, and as they 11 on they remembered that the house was always 12 . No decorations to add cheerfulness were anywhere in sight. Harry sat behind curtain windows, looking 13 .
The quarter in one little girl’s palm seemed to burn a hole of guilt 14 they walked on. The next day she called her friend and they 15 to put their quarters in a jar marked "Harry’s Christmas Present". Then they began to seek out small jobs to 16 more. Every nickel, dime and quarter they earned went into the jar.
Two days before Christmas, they had enough money to buy new 17 and a card. Christmas Eve found them 18 Harry’s doorstep singing carols. When Harry opened the door, they presented him with the gloves wrapped in pretty paper and a 19 pumpkin pie a mother had just baked. With 20 hands he tore open the paper from the gloves, and then to their surprise, he held them to his face and wept.
1. A. make B. prepare C. get D. ask
2. A. pulling B. moving C. planting D. burning
3. A. new B. torn C. beautiful D. worn
4. A. work B. cold C. anxiety D. pain
5. A. style B. fashion C. shape D. form
6. A. closed B. opened C. blinked D. filled
7. A. yard B. son C. house D. present
8. A. scared B. touched C. threatened D. inspired
9. A. look B. water C. weed D. show
10. A. thank B. invite C. help D. pay
11. A. walked B. talked C. continued D. argued
12. A. messy B. shabby C. clean D. tidy
13. A. dull B. silly C. lonely D. friendly
14. A. though B. if C. because D.as
15. A. agreed B. hoped C. managed D. attempted
16. A. support B. earn C. receive D. give
17. A. trousers B. glasses C. gloves D. socks
18. A. in B. on C. with D. for
19. A. sweet B. delicious C. warm D. fancy
20. A. rough B. freezing C. thin D. trembling
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
I received a call today asking if I would be willing to bring food to a family in need. The mother was having a major operation and would be lying down for several weeks. Of course, I responded with an immediate "Yes". As I planned the meal in my head, I reflected on how many times over the years I had been asked to prepare food. I have done so countless times with a very open heart.
But the truly amazing thing is that I have received double over the course of my life. When my mother passed away, our house was filled with fresh dinners for weeks. A woman from the church of our community stopped by each evening with some food. The gift of food was her way of trying to ease our pain.
Later in my life, when I was rest on bed during my pregnancy with twins, the women of the church again stepped in to help. They arranged babysitting for my two-year-old daughters and brought lovely dinners to our house. Even when I was put in the hospital, my husband would bring cooked meals to my hospital room. How we relied on these dinners to feed my tired husband and young daughters!
Food is all about comfort. It not only feeds our bodies, but it can also feed our souls. When you hear people talking about their favourite holidays, it usually includes their feelings connected with sharing food. I know that I will have more opportunities in my lifetime to prepare food for others. It is truly a gift I want to prepare and deliver to someone in need.
1. The author has given lots of food to others because .
A. she is good at cooking B. she is a church member
C. she is friendly to others D. she received others’ food before
2. We can learn from the first paragraph that the author .
A. had to stay in bed for several weeks B. knew the family in need very well
C. was glad to be able to lend a hand D. was tired of preparing food
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the author?
A. Her mother died when she was in hospital.
B. She didn’t get enough food during her pregnancy.
C. She received food as well as care in her hard times.
D. She thinks offering food is the best way to show love.
4. What do we know about the author’s family?
A. Her family is too poor to buy enough food.
B. Her family lives not far from a church.
C. Her husband is not good at cooking.
D. She has a babysitter taking care of her twins.
5. According to the passage, which of the following conclusions can we get?
A. A good beginning makes a good ending.
B. One good turn deserves another.
C. Actions speak louder than words.
D. Every man has his faults.
B
Yi Jiefang’s world broke down when her only son, Yang Ruizhe, 22， died in a road accident in Japan in 2000. To work through her sorrow, she decided to devote her life to fulfilling her son’ s last wish-planting trees in the desert. Yi established the not-for-profit organization NPO ― Green life in 2003，which has planted more than 1. 1 million trees in deserts in northern China.
At the age of 65, Yi started a new project ― to plant 667 hectares of pine forest in Duolun County in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. The county is where many of the sandstorms that affect Beijing, as it is only about 400 km from the capital.
Yi’ s early life was a long way from the desert. A Shanghai native, she had a stable job and a happy family. But the enterprising woman with big career ambitions moved to Japan by herself at age 38 to take a further course. Her husband and son joined her in the following years. The couple started a private Chinese medical clinic and the son, a diligent and excellent student, was admitted to the Chuo University in Tokyo.
Life was perfect, until the sudden death of her son. In the depths of her despair, Yi recalled that two weeks before his death, her son said he wanted to return to China to plant trees after graduating from university. "Ruizhe was concerned about the environment. He often rode his motorbike to the mountain and described to me what beautiful sceneries he had seen. His last words are deeply engraved (刻) in my mind. I sometimes even felt it might be God’ s will that I should go back to my country to plant trees ，" she says.
Her son’ s wish gave Yi the strength to rebuild her life. After living in Japan for 18 years, Yi sold the clinic and returned to Shanghai with her husband. They devoted all their savings, Ruizhe’ s life insurance payout and donations from friends, to the NPO ― Green life project. After that, Yi chose the Tamin Chagan desert, in Inner Mongolia and started their planting project.
6. What’ s the main idea of the text?
A. A woman planted trees in the desert in quite a different way.
B. A mother finished her son’s wish to plant trees in the desert.
C. A perfect life was broken by the sudden death of the son.
D. A Shanghai woman devoted her life to NPO ― Green life project.
7. Yi chose her new project in Duolun County because________.
A. that place had many sandstorms affecting our capital
B. much desert needed trees to plant in that area
C. her son once promised to plant trees in that area
D. that region was appropriate to plant trees
8. "Yi’s early life was a long way from the desert. " in Paragraph 3 probably means________.
A. Yi lived a very difficult early life
B. Yi spent much time in the desert in her early life
C. Yi’s early life had little to do with the desert
D. Yi’s early life was connected with the desert
9. Yi Jiefang first went to Japan alone in order to________.
A. take care of her only son in university
B. seek for a new life for her family
C. set up a private Chinese medical clinic
D. pursue further study in her career
Ⅲ. 书面表达
假设你是李华，你校正在举办一个英语作文比赛。请你根据所给的提示，结合图画用英语写一篇短文参赛。
1. 描述图画的内容；
2. 分析图画的主题；
3. 发表自己的看法。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.（2015·湖北）I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.
A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar
2.（2016·江苏）Many young people, most __________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their
dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
3.（2015·江苏）Some schools will have to make________in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments
C. comments D. achievements
4.（2013·湖北）Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over
a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege
5.（2015·浙江）We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ________our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
6.（2016·北京）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _________he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case
7.（2015·湖南）Video games can be a poor influence if _________in the wrong hands.
A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left
8.（2015·重庆）If you miss this chance, it may be years ________you get another one.
A. as B. before C. since D. after
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. arrangement 2. platform 3. broom 4. remote 5. relevant
6. participate 7. privilege 8. otherwise 9. Paperwork 10. leftovers
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词或副词填空
1. up 2. to 3. to 4. With 5. on
6. with 7. to 8. for; otherwise 9. for 10. to
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. did tell you 2. hearing from you 3. participate in surfing 4. am dying to see it
5. can’t adjust himself to 6. with her head bent
7. While/When (you are) crossing the street 8. making arrangements for
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了两个女孩送给Harry圣诞礼物的感人故事。
1. C根据语境可知,快到圣诞节了,因此她们高兴地分享着希望得到的节日礼物。
2. A根据空前的on his knees可知,Harry正跪在那里拔草。
3. D从下文两个女孩给Harry买手套可推知,此处指他戴着一副破旧的手套。
4. B根据上文中的"Two weeks before Christmas"和"His fingers were sticking out of the ends"可知,当时已经是
十二月,而且他的手指头露了出来,因此被冻得发青。
5. C根据语境可知,此处是指Harry使这个院子处于一个良好的状态,即他收拾这个院子。
6. D根据语境可知,他的母亲已经去世了,因此他说话的时候眼里含着泪水。
7. A根据语境可知,他的母亲喜爱她的院子和树木。
8. B此处指听了Harry的话之后,两个女孩被打动了。
9. C根据第二段中的" ? weeds around a large oak tree"可知,两个女孩帮助Harry除杂草。weed作动词,
意为"除杂草"。
10. D根据上文中的"pressed a quarter"可知,Harry告诉她们,他希望自己能多付一点,但是他没钱了。
11. A根据语境可知,此处指当这两个女孩继续走的时候。空后的walked on是信息提示。
12. B根据空后的"No decorations to add cheerfulness were anywhere in sight"可知,Harry家的房子一直很破旧。
13. C Harry家的房子很破旧,故可推知他坐在那里看上去是孤独的。
14. D当她们走着的时候,其中一个小女孩拿着钱感到愧疚,因为她知道即使Harry没钱也要感谢她们。
15. A其中一个女孩给她的朋友打电话,准备帮助Harry,最终她们都同意了帮助Harry的方法。
16. B根据空前的"seek out small jobs"可知,她们找一些小活是为了多挣点钱。空后的they earned是信息提示。
17. C根据下文可知,两个女孩攒够了钱,给Harry买了新手套和圣诞贺卡。
18. B结合空后的doorstep可知,她们来到了Harry的门阶处。
19. C根据空后的 "a mother had just baked"可知,这个南瓜派是一位母亲刚刚做的,因此应该是热的。
20. D根据空后的"he tore open the paper from the gloves, and then to their surprise, he held them to his face and
wept"可知,此处指Harry用颤抖的(trembling)双手撕开了包装纸,看到里面的手套,他被感动得热泪盈眶。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】作者的母亲过世的时候,社区教堂里的一个女人给她送过食物;作者怀孕的时候,社区教堂里的女人们又同样地给她送过食物,并帮她照顾她两岁的女儿们。因此,现在有人需要帮助的时候,作者也非常愿意伸出援手。
1. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"But the truly amazing thing is that I have received double over the course of my life"可知,作者乐于给生活困难的人送食物是因为她自己也曾得到别人的许多馈赠,故D项 符合题意。
2. C【解析】考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Of course, I responded with an immediate ‘Yes’"可推断出,作者非 常高兴能帮助别人。故选C。
3. C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"When my mother passed away, our house was filled with fresh dinners for weeks"和第三段中的"Later in my life, when I was rest on bed during my pregnancy with twins, the women of the church again stepped in to help" 和 "They arranged babysitting for my two-year-old daughters and brought lovely dinners to our house"可知,作者在她自己困难的时候得到过别人的食物与照 顾。故C项正确。
4. B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"A woman from the church of our community stopped by each evening with some food"可知,教堂在作者生活的社区里面,即教堂离她家不远。其他三项不符合文章内容,故选B。
5. B【解析】考查推理判断。通过上下文可知,作者在自己困难的时候得到过别人的帮助,因此现在她也非常 乐意帮助别人,由此可得出这样一个结论:以德报德。
B
6. B【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段的第二句是文章的主旨句，故选B。
7. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The county is where many of the sandstorms that affect Beijing ..."
可知选A。
8. C【解析】句意理解题。从第三段内容可知，原来她的家庭是一个完美幸福的家庭，与沙漠根本沾不上边，
故选C。
9. D【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第三句中的"But the enterprising woman with big career ambitions ..."可知选D。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
An old man is holding an umbrella for a little girl who is standing in the heavy rain. To his delight, someone nearby is doing the same thing for him.
This picture shows the Chinese tradition of respecting the old and loving the young. It is clear that we should keep up the good tradition.
This moving scene sets me thinking deeply. We were once children ourselves and will get old one day. We should care about each other and help each other to create a harmonious society.
K真题
1. C【解析】句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项＂忠实的，忠诚的＂；B 项＂与……平行＂；C项＂和……相关＂；D项＂和……相似＂。be relevant to＂和……相关＂。故选C项。
2. C【解析】定语从句的先行词是young people, most表示他们中的大多数,因此应该使用most of whom。 因为先行词指人，不能选择of which。
3. B【解析】句意:为了与国家的足球改革保持一致,一些学校将必须作出调整。adjustment"调整,适应",符合句意。
4. A【解析】句意:从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出了他们因为缺少归属感而带来的焦虑。perspective "视 角，观点"； priority"优先(权)，优先事项"；participation"参加，参与"；privilege"特权，优惠"。根据句意和语 境可知， A项正确。
5. B【解析】句意:我们通常更容易记住那些对我们的感官产生刺激、对我们的情感有吸引力的东西,而非纯 粹的事实。A项意为"堵住，封锁"；B项意为"吸引"； C项意为"同意，订阅"；D项意为"偶遇"。所以 选B。
6. C【解析】句意:我爷爷虽然已经90多岁了,但他有时还打网球。根据句意并分析句子成分可知,本空需要 从属连词引导让步状语从句。even though表示"尽管,虽然",符合句意和语境。as long as"只要";as if"仿佛,好像";in case"以防万一"。
7. D【解析】句意:电子游戏如果使用不当就会产生不良影响。leave与其逻辑主语Video games之间是被动 关系,故用过去分词。if left...是状语从句的省略形式。故选D。
8. B【解析】句意:如果你错过这次机会,可能过很多年才能再有一次机会。该句考查"it will/may be +一段时 间 +before ..."句式, 表示"过多久才……"。
Unit 4 Sharing（2）
重点
单词
1. vt.烤(面包等)；敬酒 n.烤面包(片)；干杯
2. vt.捐赠
3. adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
4. vt.& n.买；购买
5. n.周年纪念(日)
6. vi.& vt. (使)发出咔嗒声 n.咔嗒声
7. vt.分配；分发
8. n.安全；保护；保障
9. vi.工作；运转 vt.操作
10. adj.政治的；政党的
11. _________n. 种子；萌芽
12. _________ vi. & vt. 缝；缝制
13. _________ n. 拖拉机
14. _________n. 门诊部；小诊所
重要
短语
1. need在困难中；在危急中
2. set 建立；建造
3. as well 和，也，又
4. turn 变成
5. add... …把……加入到……
6. care 照顾，照料
关键句型
1. She was dying to see him again but what if he didn’t want to see her?
她极想再见到他，但如果他不想见她怎么办？
2. The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确有生活需要的人的一 项自愿性捐助。
3. They are easy and fun for children to care for .
孩子们照看它们既轻松又有趣。
【答案】
重点单词
1.toast 2.donate 3.voluntary 4.purchase 5.anniversary
6.click 7.distribute 8.security 9.operate 10.political
11. seed 12. sew 13. tractor 14. clinic
重要单词
1.in 2.up 3.as 4.into 5.to 6.for
之单词篇
1. toast vt.烤(面包等)；敬酒 n．烤面包片；吐司面包；干杯
toast sb/sth为……干杯
two slices of toast两片烤面包
drink a toast to sb/sth为某人/某事干杯
?Please toast the bread please.请把面包烤一下。
?The wedding guests toasted the bride and bridegroom.婚礼客人向新娘和新郎敬酒。
?He is eating a piece of toast.他在吃烤面包。
?Let’s drink a toast to the newly elected chairman!让我们为新当选的主席干杯！
【跟踪典例】
Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to propose a toast ________ the bride and the groom.
【答案】to
【解析】句意：女士们和先生们，我提议为新娘新郎干杯。propose a toast to sb意为＂提议为某人干杯＂。这种表达方式用于较正式的场合。
2. donate vt.捐赠
donate sth to sb/sth向某人/事捐献某物
?The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital.这个商人捐给医院很多钱。
?She donated her books to the library.她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。
【知识拓展】
donator n. 捐赠者，赠送者
donation n. 捐赠物；捐赠，赠送
make a donation/donations to... 向……捐赠
collect donations (for) 为……募捐
?The hospital receives a great deal of money in donations.
这所医院收到捐赠来的大宗款项。
【跟踪典例】
The scientist decided to _______ his eyes to those who need them after his death.
A. distribute B. provide C. donate D. introduce
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这位科学家决定在他死后将他的眼睛捐赠给那些需要的人。distribut…to将……分配给……；provide通常搭配介词for或with, 不搭配to; donate…to将……捐赠给……；introduce…to将……介绍给……根据句中的his eyes和after his death可确定答案为C。
3. voluntary adj.自愿的，志愿的，无偿的
be voluntary to do sth自愿做……
?She is a voluntary helper.她是自愿帮忙的。
【知识拓展】
volunteer n．志愿者 v．自愿；志愿做
voluntarily adv.自愿地
? The doctor was voluntary to settle down in the poor village.
这位医生自愿在这个穷村安家落户。
【跟踪典例】
①—Are you all________(volunteer)?
—Yes, we always volunteer our time to help sick people in hospital.
②It is damaging even if people are doing it________ (volunteer)．
【答案】
①volunteers【解析】句意：——你们都是志愿者吗？——是的，我们总是自愿花时间帮助住院的病人。考 查volunteer的用法。所填词作表语，且根据句首Are you可判断用复数形式。
②voluntarily【解析】句意：即使人们自愿那么做，它还是有害的。根据句意此处需用副词作状语，修饰谓 语动词do。
4. purchase vt.& n．买；购买
purchase sth for...为……购买某物
purchase sth from...从……购得某物
purchase sth with用……购得
make a purchase采购
?I have some purchases to make in town.我要去城里买些东西。
?They began to regret the purchase of such a large house.
他们开始后悔买了这么大的一所房子。
【知识拓展】
on special purchase特价购买
purchasing power购买力
purchase and sale买卖
purchaser n．购买人，采购人员，买主
return one’s purhase 退货
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词填空/补全句子
①He tried hard to earn money to purchase a car ________ himself.
②He purchased a new computer ________ the computer shop nearby.
③They purchased the flat ________ all their savings.
④她在服装店买了几样东西。
She ________ ________ ________ in the dress shop.
【答案】①for ②from ③with ④made several purchases
5. distribute vt.分配；分发
distribute sthto/among 把某物分配/发给……
?This paper is distributed free.这份报纸免费发放。
?The money was distributed among the schools in this area.
这笔钱在这个地区的学校中分配。
【知识拓展】
distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
? The map shows the distribution of this species across the world.
地图上标明了这一物种在世界上的分布情况。
【易混辨析】distribute/divide
distribute
把某物分成几部分，分给某人，各份的数量不一定相等。
divide
把一个整体分为若干部分。
?He divided the watermelon into 10 parts and distributed them to 10 children.
他把这个西瓜切成10分，并把它们分给了10个孩子。
【跟踪典例】
①The city will ___________no more than 10 thousand new car licenses each year in order to set a limit on the
number of cars and improve the environment.
A.distribute B.evaluate
C.witness D.declare
②A much better way must be found to achieve an equal ________ of the resources.
A.distribution B.contribution
C.catalogue D.separation
【答案】
①A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。由语境＂该市将每年分发不到10,000个新汽车驾驶执照来限制汽车的数 量和改善环境＂可知，此处应用distribute（分配，分发）。
②A【解析】distribution分配;contribution贡献;catalogue目录;separation分离,分割。由句中的resources和equal 可知,此处应该用distribution。
6. operate vi.工作；运转；动手术 vt.操作
operate on给……动手术
?His company operates in several countries.他的公司在几个国家有业务活动。
?Can you operate a sewing machine?你会使用缝纫机吗？
?He operated on the baby’s eyess.他给婴儿眼部动了手术。
【知识拓展】
operation n．手术；操作
perform an operation 做手术
in operation 运转着；操作中
put/bring sth into operation使某事开始运作
come/go into operation开始运转；实施起来
?The new power station has already come into operation.这个新的发电站已经开始运转。
?The young doctor performed the heart operation.这位年轻医生为病人做了心脏手术。
?The law will be put into operation next month.这部法律下个月开始生效。
【跟踪典例】
① The hospital _________well, where many wounded people_______every day.
A.is operated; operate on B.operates; are operated on
C.operates; are operated D.operates; operates on
② Clinical evidence began to __________, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A.operate B.strengthen
C.approve D.accumulate
【答案】
1.B【解析】operate作"运转"讲时为不及物动词,常构成operate well/badly;operate作"动手术"讲时,常构成 operate on sb"给某人动手术"结构,用于被动语态时介词on不能省略。故选B。
2.D【解析】句意:越来越多的临床证据表明,相对于在动物身上的试验预期,这种新药有更广泛的应用。operate 操作,经营;strengthen加强;approve赞同;accumulate(数量)逐渐增加。根据句意可知选D。
之短语篇
1. in need在困难中；在危急中
in need of需要某物
?Please call the police when you are in need.有困难请找警察。
?I’m in need of some fresh air.我需要一些新鲜的空气。
【注意】in need表示在危急中 in need of指需要某物
We collected money for those people in need in earthquake-stricken areas who were in need of lots of tents.我们筹集资金帮助地震灾区的灾民，他们需要大量帐篷。
【知识拓展】
be in need of sth需要某物
at one’s need在某人困难时
satisfy/meet one’s need满足某人需要
There is no need to do sth没必要做某事
【跟踪典例】
Students living off campus ______ pay a little less for housing than students living in college dormitories, but their cost of transportation is higher.
A.in general B.in addition
C.in demand D.in need
【答案】A
【解析】句意：一般说来，住在校外的大学生比住在大学宿舍的学生要少花点住宿费，但是交通费却高了。in general一般说来；in addition此外； in demand处于需要之中；in need需要。故选A。
2. care for 喜欢，想要，照料
?I don’t really care for basketball. 我不太喜欢篮球。
?Would you care for a cup of coffee? 要不要来杯咖啡？
?He’s good at caring for sick animals. 他很善于照料生病的动物。
【易混辨析】care for/care about
二者都可以表示＂对……担心，关系，喜欢，对……在意＂，有时可以通用。care about最主要的意思是＂在乎，在意＂，常用于否定句，指主体对事物的态度；care for表示＂照料，尊重，愿意＂。
【知识拓展】
take care 小心，注意
take care of 照料，注意，负责，处理
【跟踪典例】
I don’t _________ rock and roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after?? B. care for???? ? C. go into?? ?? D. care about
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语。根据下句可知，该句表示＂我不喜欢摇滚乐＂，故用B项care for（喜欢）。go after＂追求；追逐＂；go into＂进入＂；care about＂担心；关心＂。
之句式篇
1. She see him again but what if he didn’t want to see her?她又看到他，但是，如果他不想见她怎么办？
what if如果……，会怎么样呢？表示一种条件假设。如：
?What if you should fail?假如你失败了该怎么办呢？
?What if the earthquake happens?如果发生地震怎么办？
【知识拓展】
What for为何目的？
So what那又怎样？
How come? 怎么回事？
【跟踪典例】
—The plane is due to take off at 7:50 from the airport. ________ we fail to arrive there in time?
—Try to take another flight then.
A. What if B. As if C. Even if D. Only if
【答案】A
【解析】句意：＂飞机定于7:50从机场起飞。如果我们不能及时赶到那儿该怎么办呢？＂＂那就设法赶另一趟航班。＂what if如果……怎么办；as if似乎；even if即使；only if只是在……的时候。根据句意和语境可知此处表示假设。
2. The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of
people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项生活上的无偿捐助。
（1）you give是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰gift; your loved one keeps是省略了关系词that
的定语从句，修饰something; who really need it是定语从句，修饰people。
（2）not...but...＂不是……而是……＂，用于连接两个结构相似、语法功能相同的并列成分，如名词、形容
词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式、分句等。句中not...but...连接两个表语。注意当连接两个主语时，
谓语动词的数按＂就近一致＂原则。如：
?I’m not a student but a teacher.我不是学生而是老师。
?Not you but the interpreter is to answer for it.对此负责的是口译人员而不是你。
【知识拓展】
not only...but(also), either...or..., neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词按＂就近一致＂原则
确定。as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词按＂就前一致＂原则确定。
?Not he but you are wanted on the telephone.电话找的是你不是他。
?Rose as well as her friends was invited to Ann’s twentieth birthday party.
罗斯和她的朋友应邀参加安二十岁的生日晚宴。
【跟踪典例】
① It is often said that the joy of traveling is _______in arriving at your destination _________in the journey itself.
A.不填; but B.不填; or C.not; or D.not; but
② It’s not what you have in your life but _______ you have in your life that matters.
A.who B.that C.which D.what
【答案】
①D【解析】句意:人们常说旅行的快乐不在于你到达了目的地,而在于旅行本身。not...but...表示"不是……而 是……",故选D。
②A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：重要的不是你生活中拥有什么，而是你拥有谁。使用强调句，强调的是 not…but…连接的并列的主语从句。第二个主语从句中have后面缺少宾语，排除that，根据句意应该是 who。故选A。
3. Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health, between families going
hungry and families providing for themselves.
仅仅提高20%的产量，就意味着会让很多人远离疾病，拥有健康，让许多家庭不再忍受饥饿的折磨，能够自力更生。
（1）本句是一个简单句，现在分词短语going hungry和providing for themselves均作定语修饰其前的名词families。英语中现在分词和动名词都可以用作定语，但现在分词作定语时，是它所修饰的名词所发出的动作，和此名词之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句；而动名词作定语时，是用来说明其所修饰的名词的功能、性质、作用等，相当于一个＂for＂短语。如：
a swimming fish＝a fish which is swimming(现在分词) 一条游泳的鱼
→a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming(动名词) 一个游泳池
a walking man＝a man who is walking(现在分词) 一个正在行走的人
→a walking stick＝a stick for walking(动名词)一根拐杖
【跟踪典例】
①The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket______(cover) the desert.
②The picture________(hang) on the wall is painted by my nephew.
【答案】
①covering【解析】现在分词短语covering the desert作后置定语，cover与soft orange blanket为逻辑上的主 谓关系，cover意为＂遮盖＂。
②hanging【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意：墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的。hang在此是不及物动词， 此处强调＂正挂在墙上＂。
（2）go hungry＂挨饿＂，go作为系动词，意为＂变得，变为，变成尤指坏的方面＂。如：
?The children went wild with excitement.孩子们欣喜若狂。
?In summer food goes bad easily.在夏天食物很容易变质。
?He is a person who goes angry easily.他是一个容易发怒的人。
【知识拓展】
go wrong出毛病；不顺利；走错路；误入歧途
go bad变质 go blind变瞎
go deaf变聋 go mad发疯
go bald变秃 go sour变酸
go grey日渐花白 go wild变狂野
【跟踪典例】
When Polonius heard this thing from his daughter, he believed he knew what had made Hamlet mad.
A. go ?? B. grow ????? C. feel D. stay
【答案】A
?【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:当Polonius从他女儿口中听到这件事时,他相信他知道是什么原因使得Hamlet发疯了。go是系动词,意为"变成,变得,变为",常接形容词或过去分词作表语,表示状态的改变，尤指坏的方面。
4. They are easy and fun for children to care for. 孩子们照看它们既轻松又有趣。
此句型属于＂sb/sth＋be＋adj./n.(＋for sb)＋to do＂结构，其中不定式与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，这时不定式要符合两个条件：(1)主动形式表示被动意义；(2)其中的动词须为及物动词，若为不及物动词，须加相应的介词。如：
?The book is difficult(for me) to understand.这本书(对我来说)很难懂。
?The car is very comfortable to ride in.这种车很好坐。
【知识拓展】
该结构中的形容词须是表示主语的特征或性质的形容词，常见的词有：
interesting，easy，difficult，nice，good，expensive，cheap，
heavy，light，important，impossible，pleasant，comfortable，safe，
dangerous，fit等。
【跟踪典例】
①好的小说读起来有意思。
Good novels are interesting ________ ________.
②这个难题对我们来说很难处理。
The problem was very hard ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】①to read ②for us to deal with
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. Today is the tenth________(周年纪念日) of the country’s independence.
2. They carried out s______ checks at the airport.
3. The organization d________ food to the earthquake victims.
4. After he studied abroad，he went on o______ the company.
5. The old couple were thinking of p______ a house in the country after they retired.
6. Everyone was asked to d______ a day’s pay for the miners killed in the accident.
7. The applause rose to a crescendo and cameras________(发出咔哒声).
8. The state encourages citizens to take part in________(无偿的)labour.
9. Mrs Roberts was a dressmaker, and she taught her daughter to s________.
10. The library has a c ________ of its books, arranged in alphabetical order.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. We all ________ ________ ________ ________(为……干杯) the bride and the groom at the wedding.(toast的
名词形式)
2. I’d rather ________ ________(挨饿) than eat what that mean person offered me.(go)
3. If you ________ ________ ________ ________(需要) anything, don’t hesitate to let me know.
4. She ________ ________ ________ ________ (捐赠) 5,000 yuan to the Children’s Hospital.
5. The woman is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(很容易相处).
6. ________(不是) that I’m unwilling to lend you a hand, ________(而是) that I’m too busy for the moment.
7. Do you know the girl ________ ________ ________ ________(站在树下的)?
8. The boy will make a lot of trouble ________ ________ ________(当一个人独处时).
9. I ________ ________ ________ (正在学习突然……) one of my old classmates made a call to me.
10. ________ ________(要是……该怎么办) he doesn’t agree?
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I forced my two-inch heels on one foot at a time, then fought with my skirt and struggled out the door.
That morning I had a meeting with a major client with whom I had been working in the last few years. I met with my clients only once or twice a week. The rest of the time I worked in my home office. When my children were very young I could help with their school and after-school events. But as they grew, I began to question why I was working for a company whose practices did not mesh with(符合) my own more environmentally friendly belief. With each chat I started to feel less comfortable. Not to mention the stockings and suits.
I entered the meeting room. Instead of the normal marketing team, there sat Bob. He explained that the company had just hired a manager and my services would no longer be required.
I gathered my work and made my way home. Immediately, I went for a walk in the nature preserve and farm. Step by step I struggled with the unfairness. How ungrateful. How unfair.
I passed through the woods to the farm and nature center where I volunteered weekly. It was getting close to Halloween and we were planning the big fall weekend. One day a woman I had never met approached me.
"Good morning, I’m the new executive," she said. "You must be Jeanne. I was told that I had to hire you." She explained she was new to the area and needed someone with marketing and communication skills.
I was hesitant to accept the position. I would be making much less money than I did. On the other hand, I could wear whatever I wanted, walk to work and on occasion play with the goats.
I volunteered through the end of the year and then became part of the staff. I began to photograph and write human interest articles for the paper. This gave me new confidence to write less clinical essays. I started writing children’s books and began my first novel.
I had found new confidence and joy in working in an environment I loved with people I adored.
1. Why did the writer feel uncomfortable that day?
A. She met with a new strange client.
B. She couldn’t do what is related to the environment.
C. She wore some too tight clothes.
D. She couldn’t find time to care for her children.
2. While walking in the nature preserve, at first the writer felt _________.
A. she was glad to leave a boring company
B. she was afraid to make her clothes dirty
C. she wasn’t treated fairly by the company
D. she needed to look for another job
3. Why did the woman come close to the writer?
A. To have a chat on marketing skills.
B. To invite the writer to come for Halloween.
C. To expect the writer to be the farm manager.
D. To employ the writer to work on the farm.
4. What did the writer get from the new work?
A. Pleasure. B. Pressure. C. Honor. D. Good pay.
5. From the passage we can infer on the farm the writer ________.
A. worked as a volunteer for a year
B. needn’t wear formal clothes to work
C. wrote her first novel about children
D. often went out to play with goats outside
B
Mariah Bailey would like to make a difference with her dad and his organization Sidewalk Angels Inc. Mariah’s dad would go out on the streets to help the homeless in the community, and sometimes Mariah would go out with him. "After being with him on so many occasions, I started to get to know the people that he helped," Mariah said. "I started to learn about who they were as people and started building a friendship with them."
While Mariah’s dad liked to do his good deeds, Mariah thought that she would like to start something similar that was better known to raise even more awareness. After years of making a difference, her organization, Trending Change, was officially launched in October 2013 through her dad’s organization.
How does a 12-year-old girl start her organization? Well, for Mariah, she gave up everything she would have received for Christmas and used the money to start Trending Change. Now Mariah has helped countless numbers of people feel loved and comforted through her organization.
Over the last year, Mariah has done a few campaigns, raising over $1,100. Her big goal for last December was to provide blessing bags for hundreds of homeless people in Myrtle Beach. Each blessing bag not only had daily necessities, but Mariah also added notes to each bag reminding each person that they were loved and she would be there for them until things got better.
"My goal is to let the homeless know that they have not been forgotten and that they are loved," Mariah said. For people who are homeless, there are a few outlets for them to find food and a shelter. However, no one at these homeless shelters is obligated(有义务的) to show compassion. "Sometimes people are starving for more than food. Sometimes they are starving for love."
6. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that Mariah _________.
A.didn’t stay at home every day
B.made friends with the homeless
C.got along well with her father
D.helped people that she knew well
7. What did Mariah do in order to start her organization?
A.She donated her own savings.
B.She asked for help from her teachers.
C.She tried her best to make much money.
D.She gave up everything she had at home.
8. Why did Mariah send notes to the homeless?
A.To remind them to work hard.
B.To tell them to learn to help others.
C.To persuade them to accept her gifts.
D.To encourage them to be confident about life.
9. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Mariah Does Well at School
B.A Generous Father
C.Mariah Supports Her Father Firmly
D.Mariah Helps the Homeless with Love
Ⅱ. 语法填空
One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 1 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 2 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 3 (sit) at the front. He 4 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 5 (mental) disabled.
Behind him were other people to 6 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 7 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.
I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him 8 his own either.
After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 9 amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way.
I’m glad I made the choice. It made 10 of us feel good.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限1词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold, he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. On the box was a card say: "25 cents each." "You will never sell these for that much," he told Nick. Convinced, Nick has brought the price up to 10 cents a piece.Without a moment’s delay, my neighbor picked up the box but announced, "I’ll take them."
1. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live _______nature.
A.in view of B.in need of
C.in touch with D.in harmony with
2. —Jim, can you work this Sunday?
—________? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.
A. Why me B. Why not C. What if D. So what
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.anniversay 2.security 3.distributed 4.operating 5. purchasing
6.donate 7.clicked 8.voluntary 9.sew 10.catalogue
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.drank a toast to 2.go hungry 3.are in need of 4.made a donation of
5.easy to get along with 6.Not；but 7.standing under the tree
8.when left alone 9. was studying when 10.What if
K能力
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者被一家公司解雇之后,来到了自己每周都在那里做志愿者的农场,并且在农场里获得了快乐和自信的故事。
1. B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"I began to question why I was working for a company whose practices did not mesh with(符合) my own more environmentally friendly belief"可知,作者发现自己不能从 事自己喜欢的环保方面的工作,因此她感到不舒适。
2. C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段的最后两句话可知,作者被公司解雇之后,为自己所受到的不公平的 对待而生气,因此选C。
3. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段的第二句话可知,那个陌生妇女来到作者身旁,是告诉作者希望 能够雇用她在农场上班。
4. A【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"I had found new confidence and joy in working in an environment"可知,作者为自己作出的正确选择而高兴,因为自己从这里获取了快乐和自信。
5．B【解析】考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的"making much less money than I did. On the other hand, I could wear whatever I wanted"可知,作者在农场上班后,虽然挣得钱少了,但是在穿着方面更加自由了。
B
【语篇解读】Mariah是一个只有十二岁的小姑娘。她在父亲的影响下创建了慈善组织,以帮助那些无家可归的人。
6. B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容,尤其是最后一句可知,Mariah和那些无家可归的人交了朋友。
7. A【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句中的"she gave up everything she would have received for Christmas and used the money to start Trending Change"可知,她捐出了自己的积蓄创建了Trending Change。
8. D【解析】考查推理判断。根据第四段最后一句中的"Mariah also added notes to each bag reminding each person that they were loved and she would be there for them until things got better"可以推知,她送给那些无 家可归的人便条是为了鼓励他们对生活充满信心。
9. D【解析】考查标题判断。本文讲述了十二岁的Mariah创建慈善组织以帮助那些无家可归的人的故事,故 选D。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】文章讲述了"我"的一次乘车经历:在公交车上遇到一个好像是弱智的人,其他人都躲开了,而"我"走近了他,和他聊起来,一路上"我俩"都很高兴。
1. later考查词形转换。"我"离开得早是因为那天晚些时候有个约会。
2. till/until考查状语从句。"我"的朋友一直和"我"一起等,直到公共汽车来。
3. sitting/sit考查非谓语动词。notice sbdoing/do sth意为"注意到某人正在做某事/做某事"。
4. was pretending考查动词的时态。这里是描述过去的事情,再由and和后面的giving可知此处要用过去进行时。
5. mentally考查词形转换。此处disabled是形容词,应用副词修饰。
6. whom考查定语从句。 to he was trying to talk 是定语从句,修饰先行词people,空前的to是介词,故此 处用关系代词whom。
7. they考查代词。他们走开了,坐在"我"的旁边,看起来很生气。此处指代前面的other people,且在句中作主语, 因此用they。
8. on考查固定搭配。"我"不想因为和他讲话而被人嘲笑,也不想留下他一个人。on one’s own单独,独自,是 固定短语。
9. an考查冠词。conversation "交谈,谈话",在此为可数名词,其前应用冠词,又amazing是以元音音素开头的,故 用an。
10. both考查代词。由上文中的"We had amazing conversation."可知我们俩都很开心。故填both。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
My friend Nick told me ?story about his experience back in the US, which was very . One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door ?by to help. As the old man looked over the things the yard?that were to be sold, he stopped at a box of golden??for Christmas trees. On the box was a card : "25 cents each." "You will never sell these for that much," he told Nick. Convinced, Nick ?brought the price ?to 10 cents a piece . Without a moment’s delay, ?? ?neighbor picked up the box ? announced, "I’ll take them."
K真题
1.D【解析】句意:人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,因此我们生存的唯一方式是和自然和谐相处。in view of "鉴于";in need of "需要";in touch with "与……有联系,了解……";in harmony with "与……协调"。
2.A【解析】根据答语的第二句可知,Jim对对方的安排感到惊讶、不满,因为他已经连续工作两周了,因此这里 选择Why me?"为什么是我?"Why not常用来表示同意对方的建议。?
Unit 5 Travelling abroad （1）
重 点
单 词
1. ________ n．资格；资历 qualify v.（使）有资格
2. ________ n. 准备；预备 prepare vt. 准备；预备
3. ________ vt. 推荐；建议
4. ________ n. 舒适；安慰 vt. 安慰 comfortable adj. 舒服的
5. ________ n. 代替品；代用品 vt. 用……代替……
6. ________ n. 需要；要求 require vt. 需要，要求
7. ________ n. 祖国
8. ________ vt. 承认；确认；答谢
9. ________ vt. 反驳；驳斥
10. ________ vt. 占用；占领；占据 occupation n. 占领；职业
11. _______ n. &vi. 演讲；讲课
12. _______n. 草稿，草案 vt 草拟，起草
重 要
短 语
1. adjust________ 适应
2. keep it ______ 保持优秀成绩，继续干下去
3. fit________ 相适应，相融合
4. make preparations____________为……做准备
5. as ______ as one is concerned 就……而言
6. be occupied______ 忙着做……，忙于某事
7. apply ____________ 申请
8. get used ____________ 习惯于……
9. be similar ___________ 与……相似
10. _________ a plane 登上飞机
关键句 型
1. How difficult _______ ________ _______it is _______ ________ ________ ________ ________of
another country?
你认为要适应另一个国家的风俗有多难？
2. It was __________ __________ ________she ________ ________ ________ her motherland.
这是她第一次离开祖国。
3. She is halfway through the preparation year, ________most foreign students complete before ________
________a degree course.
大多数外籍学生在申请进入学位课程学习之前都要学一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。
4. You have to ________ ________ ________a whole new way of life, which can take up all your
concentration in the beginning.
你得适应一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力。
【答案】
重点单词
1. qualification 2. preparation 3. recommend 4. comfort 5. substitute
6. requirement 7. motherland 8. acknowledge 9. contradict 10. occupy
11. lecture 12. draft
重要短语
1. to 2. up 3. in 4. for 5. far
6. with 7. for 8. to 9. to 10. board
关键句型
1. do you think; to adjust to the customs
2. the first time; had ever left
3. which; applying for
4. get used to
之重点单词
1. advantage n．优势；益处；便利(反义词disadvantage)
?There are both advantages and disadvantages in city life. 城市生活既有优势也有弊端。
?Living in big cities has many advantages.生活在大城市有很多优势。
【知识拓展】
have the advantage of有……方面的优势
to one’s advantage对……有利
take advantage of利用某事；欺骗某人
have/win advantage over优于……；胜过……
【跟踪典例】
①汉译英
他英语讲得很流利，这使他在美国很有利。
_______________________________________________
②Haven’t you learned of the advantage you should ________of others’ weak point in order to win the match?
【答案】
①He speaks English very fluently, which is to his advantage in America.
②take 固定短语，take advantage of...＂利用……＂。本句中advantage已提前，作先行词，后面为一个定 语从句修饰advantage。
2. board vt.上船(火车、飞机等)；有偿提供食宿 vi.搭伙 n．木板；董事会；膳食费用
board at / board with 付费（在某人家里）膳宿
on board 在船上（或飞机上，火车上）
board sb out 把（某人）安排在外膳宿
?Jim boards at the Greens’.
=Jim boards with Mrs. Greens. 吉姆在格林太太家吃住。
?She always has her guests boarding out. 她总是安排客人在外面吃饭。
?Her election to the board of directors caused great surprise.她被选进董事会，令人大为吃惊。
注意：
broad adj. 宽广的
aboard adv. & prep.在船(火车、飞机)上
abroad adv.在国外；到国外
【跟踪典例】
①他们每周收费40美元向他供膳。
They ________ him ________ $40 a week.
②所有乘客都已登上了火车。
All the passengers have ________ ________ ________.
【答案】①boarded; for ②boarded the train
3. qualification n. 资格；资历；证明
?He got a medical qualification last year.他去年取得医学资格证。
?He has no qualification for a teacher.他没有担任教师的资格。
【知识拓展】
without qualification 毫无保留地，无条件地
qualify v．取得资格；证明合格
qualify sb for sth使某人具有某种资格/给某人某种资格
qualify sb to do sth使某人有资格做某事
qualified adj.合格的；胜任的
be（well）qualified for/ to do sth 很适合/有资格做某事
【跟踪典例】
①Bob thought he had all the right _______ for the job, so he went bravely to the manager
A. diploma B. qualifications C. identification D. signature
②He does not ________ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.
A. equal B. match C. qualify D. fit
【答案】
①B【解析】句意:鲍勃认为他完全有资格胜任这项工作，因此他勇敢地去见经理了。diploma＂文凭＂； identification＂身份证明，鉴定＂；signature＂签名＂。
②C【解析】qualify＂取得资格，合格＂，常与as或for等连用。equal＂比得上＂，常与介词to连用；match＂相 配＂，常与介词with连用；fit＂适合＂，常与介词in 连用。
4. preparation n．准备；预备
be in preparation在准备中
in preparation for为……作好准备
make preparations for/against为/反对……作准备
?He did little preparation for the exam.他对考试没作什么准备。
?She is making preparations for her marriage. 她正在为结婚做准备。
【知识拓展】
prepare v．预备；使……有准备
prepare sb for sth使某人对某事有所准备
prepare to do sth准备去做某事
be (well) prepared for/to do...对……有所准备
【跟踪典例】
①这个国家正在进行备战。
The country is ________ ________ ________ war.
②They ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the upcoming elections.
他们为即将到来的选举做了充分的准备。
③I have to put in a few hours to ________ ________ ________(准备明天的课程)．
【答案】①making preparations for
②have made full preparations for
③prepare tomorrow’s lesson
5. recommend vt. 推荐；建议
recommend... to sb＝recommend sb..向某人推荐……
recommend sb for推荐某人做(某职位)
recommend sb as推荐某人为……
recommend sb to do sth建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth建议做某事
recommend＋that从句(从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋do，should可以省略)建议……
?I recommend you to buy this dictionary and that tape.我建议你买这本字典和那盒磁带。
?I can recommend Miss Green as a good typist.我可以推荐格林小组为一名优秀的打字员。
?The doctor strongly recommended that he take a holiday.医生竭力劝他休假。
【跟踪典例】
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①He recommended me ________ (change) my way of life.
②It is strongly recommended that the machine ________ (check) every year.
③The doctor recommended ________ (limit) the amount of fat in my diet.
【答案】①to change ②(should) be checked ③limiting
6. comfort n．舒适；安慰 vt.安慰
?She comforted herself with the thought that it would be soon spring.
她想到春天很快就要来临，以此来安慰自己。
?Jerry’s been a real comfort to me since Max died.
麦克斯去世后，杰里成了我真正的安慰。
【知识拓展】
(1)in comfort舒适地；放松地
be a comfort to sb对某人来说是个安慰
(2)comfort sb＝give comfort to sb 安慰某人
(3)comfortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的
make oneself comfortable 使某人舒服
【名师点睛】
comfort作＂舒适，安慰＂讲时，为不可数名词，但作＂令人安慰的人或事物＂讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词a。
【跟踪典例】
—He is ________ great comfort to his parents.
—You bet. His income enables his parents to live ________ comfort.
【答案】a；in 句意：——他对他的父母而言是个很大的安慰。——的确是。他的收入让他的父母能够生活安逸。comfort作＂令人感到安慰的人或事物＂讲时为可数名词，所以第一个空要用a；in comfort舒适地，是固定搭配。
7. substitute
(1)n.代替者；代用品。后常与介词for连用。
?The manager has to find a substitute for Tim.经理不得不找个人来代替蒂姆。
?Vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet.维生素药片不是健康饮食的替代品。
(2)v.(用……)代替。
substitute A for B
substitute B with /by A
substitute for 代替……
?The assistant substituted for him to attend the school meeting. 助手代替他去参加了校会。
?I can substitute milk for cream.
＝I can substitute cream with/by milk.我可以用牛奶代替奶油。
?We substituted a red apple for green to see if the baby would notice.
我们用红苹果代替青苹果，看看这婴儿会不会发觉。
【易混辨析】substitute/replace
substitute
指暂时代替或代理
substitute A for B用A代替B
replace
指以新换旧，以好替坏
replace B with A 用A代替B
We should substitute/replace the broken window with a new one. =We should substitute a new window for the broken one. 我们应该用新窗户更换破了的窗户。
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词填空。
①Homemade parts are being substituted ________ imported ones.
②It is low in fat and used ________ a substitute for cream in baked food.
③Nothing could substitute ________ mother’s milk.
④Fish can be substituted ________ meat in this recipe.
【答案】①for ②as ③for ④with
8. requirement n．[C]需求；要求
meet/satisfy one’s requirement满足/达到某人的要求
?The new computer system will meet all our requirements.
新的计算机系统将能满足我们所有的需要。
【名师点睛】
requirement后面的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用＂(should＋)动词原形＂。如：
?Do you know the requirement that every applicant(should)have a medical examination?
你知道所有的申请者要进行体检这条规定吗？
【知识拓展】
require vt.要求；请求，需要
require that sb(should) do...要求某人做某事
require sth of sb要求某人某事
require sb to do sth要求某人做某事
require doing/to be done需要……
?The boss required that she (should) keep it a secret.老板要求她对此事保密。
?These temples require repairing next month.
＝These temples require to be repaired next month.这些寺庙下个月需要修缮。
【跟踪典例】
①The book requires to be returned on time.(句型转换)
→The book requires ________________________．
②The boss required that we work all night.(句型转换)
→The boss ________________________________ all night.
→The ________ of the boss was that we ________ all night.
③I will do what is required of me.
译：________________________________________
④The boss ________ that everyone ________ his best for the company. Thus he will try to _____________．
老板要求人人为公司尽全力。因此他会尽力满足大家的要求。
【答案】
①returning on time ②required us to work；requirement；work
③凡是要求我做的事，我都会办到。
④required；(should) try；meet/satisfy everyone’s requirement
9. acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢
acknowledge (doing)sth 承认(干过)某事
acknowledgesb/sth.to be/as 承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge＋that从句 承认……
It’s generally/universally acknowledged that... 大家公认……
?With no solid evidence，he refused to acknowledge stealing(steal) the lady’s purse.
没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。
?It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
人们普遍认为应该依据整体素质来评价学生。
【跟踪典例】
①补全句子
我们应该对他帮助我们学英语表示感谢。
We should ________ ________ ________ with our English.
②Professor Hawking is generally ________ ________ one of the world’s greatest living physicists.(同义句转换)
＝________ ________ ________ ________ ________ Professor Hawking is one of the world’s greatest living physicists.
③The boy, who unusually got high marks this time, finally acknowledged________(cheat) in the exam.
【答案】
①acknowledge his help
②acknowleged as; It is generally acknowledged that
③having cheated 句意：这次那个男孩竟想不到地获得了高分，他最终承认考试作弊了。考查非谓语动词。 acknowledge doing sth承认做某事，动作cheat发生在谓语动词acknowledge之前，且与逻辑主语the boy之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填having cheated。
10. occupy vt.占用；占领；占据；使忙于
occupy sb/oneself in doing sth/with sth使某人/自己忙于某事
be occupied with sth忙于某事
be occupied in doing sth忙于做某事
?Reading occupies most of my free time. 阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
?When the enemy occupied the city, the scientist was occupied with his research in an office that he occupied. 当敌人占据这个城市时，这位科学家正在他所拥有的办公室里忙于他的研究。
【归纳总结】
＂忙于＂＂全神贯注于＂＂投身于＂的短语
be engaged in (doing) sth be absorbed in (doing) sth
be busy with sth be busy (in) doing sth
concentrate on (doing) sth be devoted to (doing) sth
【跟踪典例】
①根据提示，用occupy的相关短语填空。
When the enemy ________________ (占领这个城市)，the scientist ________________ (正忙着) his research. He ________________ (一直忙于那项研究) for many days. However，he was forced to stop the research and leave this city in the end.
②单句改错(有1处错误)。
He would have attended your birthday party，but he had occupied with a very important experiment.
_____________________________________________
【答案】
①occupied the city；was occupied with；had been occupied himself in the research
②had后加been
之重点短语
1. adjust to适应；调节(to为介词)
?Some of the staff found it hard to adjust to all the changes in technology and working methods.
有些职员发现要适应技术和工作方法的所有变化是很难的。
【知识拓展】
adjust sth to sth调整……以适应
adjust oneself to sth使自己适应于……
adjust (oneself) to中，to为介词，其后须接n.，pron.或v.＋ing形式，
含有to的高频动词短语还有：
be accustomed to习惯于 be/get used to习惯于
contribute to有助于；导致 devote...to...把……贡献到……上
get down to着手 look forward to盼望；期待
lead to导致；通向 pay attention to注意
see to负责；照料 be addicted to对……上瘾
【跟踪典例】
①She found it hard to ________ ________ ________ at night.(work)
她发现很难适应夜间工作。
②One must ________ ________ ________ the changing conditions.(adjust)
一个人必须适应环境的变化。
【答案】①adjust to working ②adjust oneself to
2. keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
?Excellent work, Cripps—keep it up!克里普斯，你干得真好——要保持下去！
?Keep it up, and you will succeed in this field.继续干下去，你会在这个领域取得成功的。
【知识拓展】
(1)keep短语：
keep up保持；继续；不低落；不落后
keep back(与……)保持距离；抑制；隐瞒
keep off不接近 keep out挡住；使不进入
keep away from避开 keep up with赶上；跟上
keep one’s word /promise履行诺言
keep...from (doing) sth阻止某人做某事
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep to坚守；遵守；坚持
keep...in mind记住
(2)含有it的短语，it本身无词义，只是帮助构成习语
make it成功 take it easy别紧张
take it猜想 catch it受责备
get it明白，理解 see to it留意务必做
as sb put it正如某人所说
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词或副词填空。
①We will reach the goal if we keep ________ the plan.
②The captain tried his best to keep our spirits ________．
③He told the boys playing football to keep ________ the grass.
④Keep the children away ________ the machine.
【答案】
①to ②up ③off ④from
3. fit in相适应；相融合
?Surroundings are important things for animals. If they can’t fit it in well, they will die out.
环境对动物来说很重要。如果不能很好地适应环境，它们就会灭绝。
【知识拓展】
fit in with sb =get on/along with sb 与……和得来
fit in with sth=agree with sth适应……
fit up 安装；安放 be fit for适合；胜任
be fit to do sth适合做某事 keep fit保持健康
【跟踪典例】
①The book is ________________(适合) children.
②My ideas did not ________________(与一致) his aims.
③I work out regularly to ________________(保持健康)．
④I tried to fit ________ but they were much younger than I.
【答案】①fit for ②fit in with ③keep fit
④in 句意为＂我尽力地想和他们和睦相处，但是他们比我年轻多了＂。fit in (with)意为＂(和……)融洽相处＂。
4. refer to
(1)谈及，提及；涉及，与……相关。
?Don’t refer to this matter again, please.请不要再提这件事了。
?What I have to say refers to all of you.我要说的和你们大家都有关。
(2)参考；咨询。
?If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you can refer to the dictionary.如果不知道那个单词的意思， 你可以查查词典。
【跟踪典例】
他在那场重要的考试中看笔记，真是太愚蠢了，结果，他受到了处罚。
It was foolish of him to________ ________ ________ ________ during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
【答案】 refer to his notes
5. take up
（1）占据（时间或空间）
?I won’t take up any more of your time.我不再占用你的时间了。
（2）以某事作为爱好或消遣
?They’ve taken up golf.他们学起打高尔夫来了。
（3）开始从事某事
?He takes up his duties next week.他下周就要开始履行职责。
（4）继续，接下去
?The band’s new album took up where their last one left off.
这个乐队的新唱片集是接上一集的乐曲录制的。
（5）将……改短
?This skirt needs taking up.这条裙子需要改短。
【知识拓展】
take sth apart 拆散某物 take back 收回
take down 记下 take in 收留；欺骗
take off起飞；脱下；迅速流行
take on 呈现；雇佣 take out 取出；带出去
take over 接管；接替
【跟踪典例】
Not knowing much of the world yet, simple-minded teenagers are easily ________.
A. taken up B. taken in
C. taken on D. taken off
【答案】B
【解析】句意：因为对世界还了解不多，思想单纯的青少年很容易被欺骗。take up 从事；take in欺骗；take on 呈现；take off起飞。
之重点句型
1. It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。
句式It/This/That＋is/was＋the first/the second/...time that...表示＂某人第一次/二次/……次做某事＂。注意该句型中从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时或过去完成时，如果主句谓语用了was，则后面的that从句要用过去完成时；如果主句谓语用了is或will be，则后面的that从句要用现在完成时。that可以省略。即：is和will be与has/have done对应；was与had done对应。如：
?It is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次到这儿来。
?It was the second time that he had failed in the exam.这是他第二次考试不及格。
【知识拓展】
①It is/was(high)time that sb should do/did sth意为＂到了某人做某事的时间了＂。
相当于It is/was time for sb to do sth。如：
?It is high time we went to bed.到我们上床睡觉的时间了。
②the first time还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示＂第一次……时＂。如：
?I fell in love with Lucy the first time I met her in Atlanta.
我在亚特兰大第一次见到露西就爱上了她。
③for the first time是介词短语，只能用作句子的状语，不可用引导状语从句，
它不具有连词的功能。表示＂第一次＂。
?We met at college for the first time.我们第一次见面是在上大学时。
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①This is the first time we ________(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
②It was the third time he________(make) the same mistake.
③________ ________ ________(第一次)I went to the seaside, I picked up a great many shells.
【答案】
①have seen 句意：这是我们全家第一次一起到电影院看电影。在句型＂This/It is/was the first(second/...) time (that)…＂中，be动词用is，从句用现在完成时。
②had made 句意为：这是他第三次犯同样的错误。在It is/was the first/second...time(that)…句型中，从句 应用完成时态，再由句中was可知此处应用过去完成时。
③The first time 句意：第一次去海边，我捡了特别多的贝壳。考查时间状语从句。The first time引导时间 状语从句。
2. But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what to expect...
但是我又非常紧张，因为我不知道我期望的是什么……
（1）as引导原因状语从句，what to expect作宾语。
（2）句中what to expect是＂疑问句＋不定式＂结构，作know的宾语。此结构还可作主语和表语。
?How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。(作主语)
?I really don’t know what to write about.我实在不知道该写些什么。(作动词宾语)
?We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。(作介词宾语)
【跟踪典例】
(1)用＂疑问词＋不定式＂改写下列句子
①How we should do it was discussed last night.
→________________ was discussed last night.
②I didn’t know where I should go.
→I didn’t know ________________.
③The difficulty was how we should cross the river.
→The difficulty was ________________.
【答案】①How to do it ②where to go ③how to cross the river
(2)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ________ to read fast.
【答案】how 句意：二十名学生想参加旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。how如何，符合句意。
3. Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more
about the new culture.
房东家也许会住着其他大学生，跟这样的人家住在一起给她提供了机会，更好地了解这个新文化。
句中动名词短语living with host families用作主句的主语，主句的谓语是gives，其后接双宾语(her the chance)，不定式短语to learn more about the new culture作后置定语，修饰chance。其中in which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰host families。
【知识拓展】
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：
(1)直接位于句首作主语。如：
?Swimming is a good sport in summer.夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
(2)用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。如：
?It is no use telling him not to worry.告诉他不要担心没有用。
(3)用于＂There be＂结构中。如：
?There is no saying when he’ll come.很难说他何时回来。
(4)用于布告形式的省略结构中。如：
?No smoking.＝No smoking is allowed(here)．禁止吸烟。
?No parking.禁止停车。
(5)动名词的复合结构作主语。
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，可以在句中作主语。如：
?Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来救援极大地鼓舞了我们。
【跟踪典例】
____________(汤姆迟到) for school once in a while often makes Mr. Smith angry.
【答案】Tom’s being late 动名词的复合结构Tom’s being late在句中作主语。
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. Li Na is ________(认为) as one of the best tennis players in the world.
2. In a way, tea is a proper ________(代替品) for wine.
3. Business training is a good ________(准备) for any career.
4. Not all goods satisfy the customers’ ________(要求)．
5. They ________(起草) a report on the spot after careful discussion.
6. He ________(建议) wearing safety equipment before entering the room.
7. He ________(使忙于) himself in collecting stamps.
8. In the ________(自助食堂) we serve ourselves.
9. Jack has obtained a medical ________(资格)．
10. He has enough money so that he can live in ________(舒适)．
Ⅱ. 选词填空
keep it up fit in feel at home substitute for adjust to
get lost make preparations for be occupied in get used to
take up
1. The couple did not give themselves time to ________ marriage before their baby arrived.
2. We had only a week to ________ the wedding.
3. His ideas didn’t quite ________ with our aims.
4. I’m sure that you will ________ country life.
5. If only he could________， he would break the world record.
6. She ________ on the stage this time，though she seldom appeared.
7. We ________ preparing for the midterm exams, so we don’t have time to go out for an outing.
8. Nothing can ________ the advice your doctor is able to give you.
9. I won’t ________________ any more of your time. Don’t worry.
10. The driver ________________ on a rainy night, without navigation system.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. ________ ________ ________ ________(有人建议) the project (should) not be started until all the preparations
have been made.
2. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(就我而言), you should come back after you
finish your study abroad.
3. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(这是第二次) he had talked with her face to face.
4. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(我才是) your true friend.
5. Having grown in the countryside, my parents found it hard ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________(适应城市生活)．
6. I hardly know ________ ________ ________ before you.(what)
在你面前，我几乎不知道该说什么。
7. Recently she ________ ________ ________ ________ with her studies that she hasn’t much time to take up the
hobby.(occupy)
最近她一直忙于学业，以至于没有多少时间从事她的爱好。
8. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， we slept deeply because we were so tired after
the long journey.(as)
尽管晚上的空气很热，我们睡得还是很熟，因为长途跋涉后很累。
9. She came to the scene ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(moment)
她一听到这个消息就赶到了现场。
10. ________ ________ ________ ________， he was a famous writer.(besides)
他除了是位学者之外，还是位有名的作家。
Ⅰ. 完形填空
I arrived in the classroom, ready to share my knowledge and experience with 75 students who would be my English Literature (文学)class. Having taught in the US for 17 years, I had no 1 about my ability to hold their attention and to? 2 on them my admiration for the literature of my mother tongue.
I was shocked when the monitor shouted, ＂ 3 !＂ and the entire class rose as I entered the room, and I was somewhat 4 over how to get them to sit down again, but once that awkwardness(尴尬)was over, I quickly 5 my calmness and began what I thought was a fact-packed lecture, sure to gain their respect – perhaps 6 their admiration. I went back to my office with the rosy glow(光) which comes from a (n) 7 of achievements.
My students 8 diaries. However, as I read them, the rosy glow was gradually 9 by a strong sense of sadness. The first diary said, ＂Our literature teacher didn’t teach us anything today. 10 her next lecture will be better.＂ Greatly surprised, I read diary after diary, each expressing a 11 subject. ＂Didn’t I teach them anything? I described the entire philosophical framework(哲学体系)of Western thought and laid the historical 12 for all the works we’ll study in class,＂ I complained. ＂How 13 they say I didn’t teach them anything?＂
It was a long term, and it 14 became clear that my ideas about education were not the same as 15 of my students. I thought a teacher’s job was to raise 16 questions and provide enough background so that students could 17 their own conclusions. My students thought a teacher’s job was to provide 18 information as directly and clearly as possible. What a difference!
19 , I also learned a lot, and my experience with my Chinese students has made me a 20 American teacher, knowing how to teach in a different culture.
1. A. trouble B. idea C. doubt D. experience
2. A. impress B. put C. leave D. fix
3. A. Attention B. Look out C. At ease D. Stand up
4. A. serious B. sure C. curious D. puzzled
5. A. found B. returned C. regained D. followed
6. A. more B. even C. yet D. still
7. A. thought B. sense C. feeling D. idea
8. A. wrote B. hid C. kept D. read
9. A. replaced B. taken C. caught D. moved
10. A. Naturally B. Perhaps C. Fortunately D. Reasonably
11. A. different B. same C. similar D. usual
12. A. happening B. characters C. development D. background
13. A. may B. should C. will D. must
14. A. immediately B. certainly C. simply D. gradually
15. A. that B. what C. those D. ones
16. A. difficult B. interesting C. ordinary D. unusual
17. A. draw B. get C. decide D. give
18. A. strange B. standard C. exact D. serious
19. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Though
20. A. normal B. happy C. better D. good
II. 七选五型阅读理解
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 2 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
? 3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
? 4 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a ＂victim mentality＂. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
?You didn’t lose ＂everything＂. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Researchers at the University of Kansas say that people can accurately judge 90 percent of a stranger’s personality simply by looking at the person’s shoes.
＂Shoes convey a thin but useful slice of information about their wearers,＂ the authors wrote in the new study published in Journal of Research in Personality.＂Shoes serve a practical purpose and also serve as non-verbal cues with symbolic messages. People tend to pay attention to the shoes they and others wear.＂
Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style, cost, color and condition of someone’s shoes. In the study, volunteers were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes and then filled out a personality questionnaire. 63 students from the University of Kansas compared the pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the participants with their questionnaires.
So, what do your shoes say about your personality? Some of the results were expected: people with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes and flash footwear was typically worn by extroverts(性格外向的人). However, some of the more specific results were intriguing. For example, ＂practical and functional＂ shoes were generally worn by more ＂agreeable＂ people, while ankle boots were more closely aligned with ＂aggressive＂ personalities. The strangest of all may be that those who wore ＂uncomfortable-looking＂ shoes tended to have ＂calm＂ personalities. And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take exceptional care of them, you may suffer from ＂attachment anxiety＂, spending an inordinate(过度的) amount of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance.
The researchers noted that some people would choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits, but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were revealing deep
insights into their personalities.
1. Which of the following aspects about shoes is NOT related to the owners’ personality?
A. The shoes’ style.
B. The place where the owner puts the shoes.
C. The shoes’ color.
D. The shoes’ condition.
2. According to the research, a tough female manager of a company is likely to fancy .
A. cheap second-hand shoes B. practical low-heeled shoes
C. fashionable ankle boots D. common-looking sneakers
3. People with ＂attachment anxiety＂ are those who .
A. always have new shoes to wear
B. don’t know how to take care of shoes
C. care too much about how they look to others
D. try to hide their actual personality features
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the new study?
A. Subjective. B. Optimistic.
C. Objective. D. Supportive.
5. The purpose of the passage is to .
A. give tips on how to judge a person’s personality
B. introduce the finding that shoes show the owners’ personality
C. teach people to hide their true personality with their shoes
D. compare the differences among people who wear different shoes
1.（2016·天津）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _______the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
2.（2015·江苏）Some schools will have to make _________in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
3.（2015·安徽）If you come to visit China, you will _________a culture of amazing depth and variety.
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience
4.（2015·陕西）Peter will _______his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
5.（2014·湖北）Her _______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1.acknowledged 2.substitute 3.preparation 4.requirements 5.drafted
6.recommended 7.occupied 8.cafeteria 9.qualification 10.comfort
Ⅱ. 选词填空
1.adjust to 2.make preparations for 3.fit in 4.get used to 5.keep it up
6.felt at home 7.are occupied in 8.substitute for 9.take up 10.got lost
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. It is recommended that/Some people recommend that 2. As far as I am concerned
3. It was the second time that 4. It is I that/who am
5. to fit in with the city life 6. what to say
7. has been so occupied 8. Hot as the night air was
9. the moment she heard the news 10. Besides being a scholar
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】文章讲述了＂我＂在中国按照自己在美国教学的经验与方法进行教学，但学生很不适应，这使＂我＂真正理解了文化的差异和＂入乡随俗＂的含义。
1. C依据＂Having taught in the US for 17 years＂可判断，＂我＂一点也不怀疑自己的能力。
2. A根据语境，此处表示＂我＂确信自己一定能吸引他们的注意力，并使他们意识到＂我＂对自己民族文学 的崇拜。impress sth on sb＂使意识到＂；put on＂把……放在上面＂；fix on＂把……固定在上面＂； leave通常不与on搭配。
3. D中国学生上课时习惯喊起立。Attention＂请注意＂； Look out＂小心＂； At ease＂放松＂； Stand up＂起立＂。 后面也有＂我＂想让学生们坐下之类的提示。
4. D依据语境，＂我＂对如何让他们坐下感到＂困惑＂。 puzzled＂迷惑不解的＂； sure＂确定的＂； curious ＂好奇的＂； serious＂严肃的＂。
5. C此处是指尴尬已过去，＂我＂就很快恢复了平静。
6. B根据语境可知：＂我＂确信自己一定能赢得学生的尊敬，甚至会赢得他们的钦佩。
7. B语境：想到自己会赢得学生的尊敬，甚至赢得他们的钦佩，我就有一种成就感(sense of achievement)。
8. C根据语境可知，学生有记日记的习惯。
9. A从下文内容可以看出，此处指＂我＂在读学生的日记时，前面提到的那种成就感被一种悲伤替代了。
10. B根据语境可知：学生认为，老师第一节课讲得不好，也许第二节课会好些。
11. C由上文＂Our literature teacher didn’t teach us anything today.＂以及下文＂How __ they say I didn’t teach them anything？＂可推知，每篇日记都表达一个相似的主题。
12. D＂lay the historical background＂意为＂设置历史背景＂。其他选项与上下文语境不符。
13. B依据语境，此处是指＂我＂对学生的反应感到意外， should与why，how，who等连用，表示＂意外， 惊异等＂。
14. D由＂It was a long term＂可判断，这里表示渐渐变得很清楚。
15. C用those指代前面的ideas。如果选ones，须在其前面加定冠词the。
16. B上文提到＂I had no___about my ability to hold their attention＂，可推断，＂我＂上课时会提出一些有趣 的问题。
17. A＂draw a conclusion＂是固定用法，意为＂得出结论＂。
18. C根据语境可知：我的学生认为教师应该尽可能清楚直接地为他们提供精确的知识和信息。
19. C根据前一段中的＂what a difference!＂可知，本段与前面一段构成转折关系。
20. C根据语境，此处表示教中国学生的经历使我成为一个更好的美国老师，表示现在和过去相比较。
II. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】本文介绍了三种策略,帮助我们重新建立信任关系。
1. B【解析】根据上句＂信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为＂和下句＂信任是一种冒险＂可知选 B,本句是对第一句话的进一步解释,即＂信任是信赖某人＂。
2. E【解析】上句＂有时,人们简直无法再信任(别人)了＂;下句＂这是可以理解的＂,由此可推测本句应是解 释人们无法信任某人的原因。故选E。
3. A【解析】由下句中的＂对自己有信心能帮助你做出更好的选择＂可知,前一句应是＂学会真正信任自己＂, 故选A。
4. C【解析】由本段最后一句＂在我们生活中的某些时候,我们的信任会被检验或打破＂可知,此处应选C,意 为＂停止将自己看成是一个受害者＂。
5. G【解析】副词＂Instead＂表示转折。可推测这里应是＂看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你无视已经发生 的事＂。故选G。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
【语篇解读】看鞋知人。本文介绍了美国堪萨斯大学研究者进行的一项研究,研究者发现通过一个人所穿的鞋子能猜出一个人的个性。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句中的＂the judgments were based on the style, cost, color and condition of someone’s shoes＂,并结合上下文内容可知,只有选项B的内容在文章中没有出现。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句中的＂ankle boots were more closely aligned with ‘aggressive’ personalities＂可知,一个强硬的公司女经理应该喜欢时尚的短靴,所以选择C项。
3. C【解析】推理判断题。根据画线词后的＂spending an inordinate(过度的) amount of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance＂可知,选择C项。
4. C【解析】观点态度题。作者一直在客观地介绍一项新研究的内容和结果,并没有提出自己的观点和看法, 故C项符合题意。
5. B【解析】写作意图意图。通读全文并根据文章第一段的内容可知,文章主要介绍的是一项研究及其结果—— 看一个人所穿的鞋便可知其个性。故选B。
K真题
1.D【解析】考查强调句型。句意:你等错地方了,教练是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知,此处是一个对 地点状语进行强调的强调句型,故用that。?
2.B【解析】句意:为了与国家的足球改革保持一致,一些学校将必须作出调整。adjustment＂调整,适应＂,符合 句意。
3.D【解析】develop＂发展,培养＂;create＂创造＂;substitute＂代替＂;experience＂体验,经历＂。句意:如果你 到中国来游览,你将会体验一种有惊人深度和多样性的文化。
4.A【解析】句意:在下一个月月末Peter将开始担任旅行社领导的职位。take up＂开始从事(新的工作),开始 担当(新的责任)＂,符合句意。put up＂张贴,建造＂;add up＂加起来＂;break up＂结束,驱散＂。?
5.A【解析】句意:她写作的动力是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的欲望。根据句意可知,选A,表示＂动力, 原因＂。qualification＂资格,合格＂;talent＂才能,人才＂;technique＂技能,技巧＂。
Unit 5 Travelling abroad （2）
重点
单词
1. ________ n． 道歉；谢罪
2. ________ n. 常规；日常事务
adj. 通常的；例行的
3. ________ adj. 可选择的；随意的
4. ________ vi.&vt. 钻(孔)
n. 钻；钻机
5. ________ adj. 平行的；相同的；类似的
6. ________ adj. 丰富的；充裕的
7. ________ vi.&vt. 统治；支配；管理
8. ________ n. 目的地
重要
短语
1. day in ______ day out 日复一日
2. out of ______question 不可能的，不值得讨论的
3. settle______ (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
4. make an apology ______sb 向某人道歉
5. run/be parallel______ 与……平行
6. be abundant ______ 富有……
关键句型
1. I am not sure whether I will be able to meet the requirements of my course or
not，as it takes so long for me to do my work.我不确信我能否完成我的功课，
因为做作业花了我太长时间。
2. In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca，the highest lake in the world，on which
boats can travel.
在高原地区有个的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，湖上可以行船。
3. It is a popular tourist destination as it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the
city of Machu Picchu.
这里是旅游热点，因为它离著名的马丘比丘城印加遗址很近。
【答案】
重点单词
1.apology 2.routine 3.optional 4. drill
5. parallel 6.abundant 7.govern 8. destination
重要单词
1.and 2.the 3.in 4.to 5.to 6.in
之单词篇
1. apology n．道歉；谢罪
make/offer/demand/accept an apology 致歉/主动道歉/要求道歉/接受道歉
make an apology to sb for sth因某事而向某人道歉
owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉
?You owe him an apology for what you said. 你要为你所说的话向他道歉。
?Please accept our apologies for any inconvenience we have caused.若有不便，敬请原谅。
【知识拓展】
apologize vi. 道歉
apologize to sb for sth /doing sth 因……向某人道歉
【跟踪典例】
(1)补全句子
①恐怕我昨天的脾气不怎么好，我认为应该向你道歉。
I’m afraid I was rather badtempered yesterday. I think I should ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
②你应该为你说的话向她道歉。
You should ________ ________ ________ ________ what you have said.
【答案】①make an apology to you ②apologize to her for
(2)①—Matthew said that he was very sorry.How about Jack?
—He was satisfied with Matthew’s ________(apologize), and wanted the unpleasant business over.
②David apologized________his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.
【答案】
①apology 句意：——马修说他很抱歉。杰克怎么样？——他对马修的道歉很满意，想结束这件不愉快的事。
②for 句意：大卫因为他没能通知我计划的变更而道歉。考查apologize的用法。apologize for one’s doing sth 因为某人做某事道歉。
2. routine n．常规；日常事务 adj.通常的；例行的
?We are trying to get the baby into a routine for feeding and sleeping.
我们试着让婴儿按时进食和睡觉。
?As soon as she learns the office routine she will be an excellent assistant.
她一旦熟悉了办公室的日常事务，就会成为一名优秀助手。
?Routine office jobs are not appealing to me.我对坐办公室那种刻板的工作毫无兴趣。
【知识拓展】
routine tests常规检查
a routine job/life平淡乏味的工作/生活
break up a dull routine打破沉闷的常规
routinely adv.常规地，例行地
【跟踪典例】
①Our teacher asks us to clean the floor in the morning as our daily ________(常规)．
②He ________(把……作当常规) to memorize 3 words every day.
【答案】①routine ②make it a routine
3. abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的
?That country is abundant in natural resources.那个国家自然资源丰富。
?There is abundant firewood in the forest.森林里有充裕的薪柴可用。
【知识拓展】
be abundant in/with sth ..……丰富，富于……
abundance n．充足；丰富；富裕 abundance of丰富的
in abundance大量；丰富，富裕 abundantly丰富地
?Wild flowers grow in abundance on the hillsides.山坡上长满了野花。
?Melons grow abundantly in this region.这个地区盛产甜瓜。
【跟踪典例】
(1)补全句子
①The region ________ ________ ________ wildlife.
这个地区野生生物极多。
②Fruit and vegetables grow ________ ________ on the island.
该岛盛产水果和蔬菜。
【答案】①is abundant in ②in abundance
(2)The river valleys are abundant________ rice.
【答案】in 句意：河谷中盛产水稻。be abundant in是个固定短语，意为＂在……方面很丰富，富含……＂，故填in。
4. parallel
（1）adj. 平行的；相同的；类似的
in parallel with…和……一起/同时；并行
?The road and the railway are parallel to each other.该公路与铁路相互平行。
（2）n. 平行线；平行面；类似的人（物）
be without parallel / have no parallel 无可匹敌
?The runner has no paralle. 这位赛跑选手没有敌人。
【跟踪典例】
①在销售方面，我的经验和你相仿。
My experience in selling ________ ________ ________ ________.
②这是现代无可比拟的成就。
This is an achievement ________ ________ in modern times.
【答案】①is parallel to yours
②without parallel
5. govern v．统治；支配；管理
?The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.这个国家由民选代表统治。
?Prices are very much governed by market demand.价格在很大程度上取决于市场需求。
【知识拓展】
governor n．统治者；总督；州长
governance n．统治；管理；治理
government n．政府；内阁
【易混辨析】govern/rule
govern
行使权力以指导、监督国事。通常含有好的意味
rule
指绝对的、专制的统治、控制，并强制他人执行
?Charles I ruled England for 11 years but he was not capable to govern the country.
查理一世统治英国11年但治国无方。
【跟踪典例】
The law of supply and demand _________ the prices of the goods.
A. governs B. evaluates C. accompanies D. purchases
【答案】A
【解析】句意：供求规律决定商品的价格。govern 支配，符合句意。
之短语篇
1. day in and day out日复一日，天天
?Day in and day out, no matter what the weather is like, she walks ten miles.
她不管天气如何，每天总是步行十英里。
【知识拓展】
the other day几天前 day and night日日夜夜
day by day一天一天地；逐日
day after day日复一日；连续地
have a day off请一天假 every other day每隔一天
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①My mother works very hard ________________(日复一日)．
②________________(一天天地) he grew stronger.
③All the employees were working ________________(日日夜夜)．
【答案】①day in and day out/day after day ②Day by day ③day and night
2. a variety of许多的，种类繁多的
?He left for a variety of reasons.他由于种种原因离开了。
?There are a large variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的花样可供选择。
【知识拓展】
a variety of既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。表示＂许多＂的短语小结：
(1)只修饰可数名词的有：
a number of, a great many, masses of等。
(2)只修饰不可数名词的有：
a great deal of, a large amount of等。
(3)既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词的有：
a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, large quantities of, plenty of等。
温馨提示：＂a quantity/quantities of＋可数名词复数＂作主语时，
谓语动词要与quantity在数上保持一致。
【跟踪典例】
More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great________of goods.（vary）
【答案】variety 句意：越来越多的人选择到超市购物，因为那里有各种各样的货物。a great variety of表示＂多种多样的＂。
3. out of the question不可能的；不值得讨论的
?It’s out of the question.那是不可能的。
?Without peace, development and sexual equality are out of the question.
没有和平就谈不上发展，谈不上男女平等。
【知识拓展】
out of question没有问题，毫无疑问
beyond/without question毫无疑问
in question讨论中的；有疑问的
?He is out of question the best player in our team.
毫无疑问，他是我们队里优秀的运动员。
【巧学妙记】
巧记out of(the) question
＂有the就有问题＂，既然有问题，要办好事情
就是＂不可能的＂也是＂不值得讨论的＂；
＂无the就无问题＂，既然没问题，办成一件事是
＂毫无疑问的＂，也＂一定＂会办得好。
注意有些短语使用冠词和不使用冠词所表达的意义不同：
in front of在前面(指物体之外) in the front of在前面(指物体之内)
in charge of负责；主管 in the charge of由……负责
in control控制 in the control of被……控制
in hospital(因病)住院 in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)
【跟踪典例】
用question相关短语填空
①The woman ________________ is sitting over there.
②That’s quite ________________， I’m afraid.
③If you work hard, you success is ________________.
【答案】
①in question ②out of the question ③out of question
4. settle in/into(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来；习惯于(新居、新工作)
?Do come and see us when we’ve settled in.
等我们安顿下来以后，请一定来看我们。
?I haven’t yet settled into my new job. I still find it rather strange.
我还没有习惯我的新工作，我仍然觉得它很陌生。
【名师点睛】
settle in＂安顿下来；适应＂，in是副词，其后不接宾语；如接宾语，应用介词into。
settle＂定居＂，后可接介词in短语，表示＂在某地定居＂。
【知识拓展】
settle down (使)安静下来；安顿下来，定居(尤指四处奔波之后)
settle down to sth 专心致志于某事物
【跟踪典例】
用settle短语填空。
①With so much noise outside，I can’t ________ to my study.
②In general，children can easily ________ their new school life.
③Last year he changed his job，which took him quite a long time ________．
【答案】①settle down ②settle in/into ③to settle in
之句式篇
In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.
在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，湖上可以行船。
in the high plains area is Lake Titicaca实际上是一个倒装句，主语是Lake Titicaca, in the high plains area作表语。the highest lake...是Lake Titicaca的同位语，on which引导一个非限制性定语从句。
【知识拓展】
完全倒装的常见用法小结：
(1)当表示地点的介词短语放句首，且谓语为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要完
全倒装。如：
?On her left stood her husband.她丈夫站在她的左边。
(2)地点副词(here, there)，方位副词(out, in, up, down)及时间副词(now, then)等位于句首，且谓语动词为be, go,
come等不及物动词时，句子的主谓要完全倒装。如：
?Here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。
?Down jumped the naughty boy.那个调皮的男孩跳了下来。
(3)一些表示祝愿的句子里主谓也要完全倒装。如：
?Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！
【跟踪典例】
Among the crises that face humans________(be) the lack of natural resources.
【答案】is 句意：自然资源的缺乏是人类面临的危机之一。考查倒装和主谓一致。根据介词短语不可以作主语的原则，可判断出这是一个倒装句，主语为the lack of natural resources，中心词为lack，所以用单数的is。这是典型的＂主系表＂倒装为＂表系主＂，介词短语Among the crises that face humans作表语。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. In the second year students could pick from a series of ________(可选择的)courses.
2. The dictionary is ________(丰富的)in sunny words，healthy words，and happy words.
3. The ________(草稿) statement was passed round, and everyone read it with deep attention.
4. They three get along well with one another；one is married，another is still a b________， and the other has a girl
friend.
5. I ________(推荐) this book to anyone with an interest in chemistry
6. We must introduce some system into our office ________(日常事务)．
7. We trust that you can meet the above r________ and thank you in advance for your cooperation.
8. Life can be compared to a journey with an unknown d______.
9. At last we convicted him of his errors and made him offer an ________(道歉) to her.
10. In preparation for her visit she had attended a series of ________(研讨会) on the history of China.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. The boy ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(向他的老师道歉) for being late for
school.
2. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(日复一日)，no matter what the weather is like, he walks one
hour.
3. The railway lines ________ ________ ________(与……平行) the road, so they will never meet.
4. As we all know, China is a country which ________ ________ ________(在……方面丰富) natural resources.
5. We can’t go out in this weather; it is ________ ________ ________ ________(不可能的).
6. She ________ ________(安顿下来) a foreign country and had a happy life after she retired.
7. In front of the office building ________ ________ ________ ________(停着一辆警车)．
8. The country________ ________ ________ ________(被西方人统治)before being liberated.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Reserve seats on any 2017 Rick Steves tour today, and you’ll save $ 100 per person! To receive your early booking discount, you must reserve a 2017 tour by midnight on November 30, 2016. Discounts are for new bookings only and must be secured with a $400 per person deposit(订金).
See our Conditions:
Tour price guarantee: our tour prices do not include air tickets, and may be adjusted without notice due to possible changes in currency rates and trip costs. However, your price for the tour you’ve selected will be guaranteed the moment we receive your deposit.
Included in the price of each tour: Sightseeing tours by a Rick Steves’ Europe (RSE) guide, and local guides when appropriate, including all admission to sights seen as a group; all breakfasts and half of your dinners; accommodation each night; all transportation from the first hotel to the last hotel of the tour; all RSE guide, local guide and driver tips.
The plans of the trip may be changed: Europe is full of surprise, and we need to be flexible enough to take advantage of whatever comes along so that we may provide you with the best possible tour.
Tour payments: Your final tour payment must be paid at least 60 days before the departure. Missing the final payment deadline may result in your being removed from the tour! If you sign up for a tour less than 60 days before its departure, the entire tour price must be paid.
Transferring(改签) to another tour: Up to 60 days before your departure, you can transfer to any other tour in the same calendar year with seats available, applying your existing deposit and with no transfer fee. If you transfer to a different tour, the price of that tour will be applied, effective on the date we confirm your transfer. Transfers less than 60 days before your tour’s departure may not be possible.
1. What can we learn from the text?
A. You can save $400 if you book a 2017 Rick Steves tour in advance.
B. You must pay all the tour costs three days before its departure.
C. Your tour price will be guaranteed the moment you pay for your tour.
D. The plans of the trip are not fixed even though you have paid for it.
2. All of the following are included in the price of each tour EXCEPT___________.
A. accommodation every night
B. all RSE guide and driver tips
C. all breakfasts and dinners
D. all transportation from the first hotel to the last hotel.
3. According to the text, what should you do if you want to transfer to another tour?
A. Pay another deposit
B. Pay a transfer fee
C. Transfer to a tour that is the same price as yours.
D. Transfer more than 60 days before your tour’s departure.
B
A home science experiment recently took the world by storm. Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut’s trip on film.
Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic Lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of the Earth’s atmosphere.
The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space.
Traveling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They
bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego man’s parachute (降落伞)by hand. In total, the project cost only $400.
＂We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up,＂ Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds.
The toy astronaut’s journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site.
The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying to colleges. They are also looking into more do-it-yourself space projects.
＂I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore,＂ Mathew told reporters. ＂We never knew we’d get this far. It’s been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.＂
4. By saying ＂took the world by storm＂in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment _______.
A. destroyed the world B. flooded the world
C. fascinated the world D. managed the world
5. How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down?
A. By sewing the weather balloon themselves.
B. By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.
C. By making their spacecraft by hand.
D. By using second-hand equipment.
6. What problems did Mathew and Asad have on launch day?
A. They ran out of helium. B. The wind was too strong.
C. The balloon suddenly broke. D. Their spacecraft was blown away.
Ⅱ. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is a great river whose relationship with men goes way back beyond its discovery in the 16th century. Indians used the river as a highway and as a source of food, and it was they who gave it its name—＂misi＂ meaning ＂great＂ and ＂sipi＂ meaning ＂water＂. When the length of its branch, the Missouri, is added to it, the Mississippi River becomes greater. 1 From the source of the Missouri to the tip of the delta(三角洲), it is 2,480 miles long.
Great rivers are likely to suffer floods. In 1927 the Mississippi River flooded 27,000 square miles, sweeping away farms, towns, and everything in its path. In 1938 its floods drowned or killed 200 people and made millions homeless. Today the river has largely been controlled. 2
The delta is a remote place, the homeland of a little colony of French Canadians that the British drove out of Nova Scotia in the 18th century. They still speak French, mixed with English, Indian, Spanish and Negro idioms. 3 They call themselves Cajuns, who have actually been leading fairly primitive lives and preserving their own traditions.
It is known that the ＂Great River＂ has also been a frontier(边远地区) river. 4 In 1764 the French founded a city on the right bank of the river, and named it after their king, Louis Ⅸ. This city, named St.Louis, became the starting place for the adventurous men and women who opened up the Great Plains, and the way to the Far West.
Some 40 years earlier, at the beginning of the 18th century, the French had founded another city just above the Mississippi Delta, New Orleans. 5 New Orleans is one of the greatest ports of the world, and one of the greatest ends for both sea and river traffic.
A. It was the Mississippi River that made the city what it is.
B. Levees, high banks built of earth, hold back the floodwaters.
C. Therefore, as we know, it’s the third longest river in the world.
D. Pioneers who first reached its banks wondered not only where it went, but what lay beyond.
E. However, they sailed along the Mississippi River in their boats to seek their fortune.
F. The ＂Great Water＂ always remains a threat, for the streets of the city are below the level of the river.
G. They keep to themselves, farming the rich soil of the delta.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉；
修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It’s reported that many people died of traffic accidents each year. Road safety has aroused the widely attention of the public. Many rules have made to reduce the traffic crashes, especially for the ones involved in the pedestrians. In my opinion, we should make road safety seriously in our daily life. While used the road, we must walk on the pavement and learn to protect us. Besides, car drivers should obey the traffic rules, that is both good for themselves and others.
In the word, obeying the traffic rules are what all of us should pay attention to particularly. After all, life is not a small matter.
（2016·江苏）Not until recently _______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged
C.did they encourage D.they encouraged
K基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.optional 2.abundant 3.draft 4.bachelor 5.recommend
6.routine 7.requirements 8.destination 9.apology 10.seminars
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. made an apology to his teacher 2. Day in and day out 3. are parallel to
4.is abundant in 5. out of the question 6. settled in
7. stopped a police car 8. was governed by westerners
K能力
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了2017年Rick Steves旅行团的地点、票务及改签方面的相关信息。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的＂Europe is full of surprise, and we need to be flexible enough to take advantage of whatever comes along so that we may provide you with the best possible tour.＂可知，欧洲旅行 计划是不固定的，会提供最有可能的路线，故D项正确。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的描述可知，费用里不包括半数的晚餐，而不是全部，故选C项。
3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂Transfers less than 60 days before your tour’s departure may not be possible.＂可知，如果想要改签，应该在在出发前至少两个月，故D项正确。
B
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了两个青少年利用气象气球把他们的玩具乐高人送到太空的过程和结果。
4.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句话可知,两个青少年把一个玩具乐高人送入了离地面16英里 的地球大气层,并把过程拍了下来,因此作者想要表达的是这个试验吸引了世人的目光。
5.D【解析】细节理解题。结合文章第四段的第二句话可知,他们使用二手的设备来节省费用。
6.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的＂We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up＂可知,在发射的那天他们遇到的问题是风比较大。
Ⅱ. 七选五
【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章简要向读者介绍了密西西比河的长度、历史、发展过程等。
1. C【解析】此空后一句讲的是这条河的长度,故此空选C＂因此,正如大家知道的,它是世界上第三长河＂。
2. B【解析】此空前一句讲这条河的水患得到控制,故此空选B项＂土筑的高高的堤坝阻挡住了洪水＂。
3. G【解析】此空前一句和后一句的主语都是They,结合选项来看,从E项和G项中选,但是文章并没有提到 ＂to seek their fortune＂,故此空选G项。
4. D【解析】D项中的Pioneers的意思是＂先驱,开拓者＂,和此空前一句中的＂a frontier(边远地区) river＂语 意连贯,故D项符合语境。
5. A【解析】此空前后两句讲的是新兴城市新奥尔良的诞生及现状,故此空选A项,正是密西西比河使得这 个城市成为了它现在的样子。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
It’s reported that many people ?of traffic accidents each year. Road safety has aroused the ?attention of the public. Many rules have made to reduce the traffic crashes, especially the ones involved in the pedestrians. In my opinion, we should ?road safety seriously in our daily life. While the road, we must walk on the pavement and learn to protect . Besides, car drivers should obey the traffic rules, ?is both good for themselves and others.
In ?word, obeying the traffic rules what all of us should pay attention to particularly. After all, life is not a small matter.
K真题
C【解析】考查时态和倒装。根据时间状语＂recently＂可知本句应用一般过去时。Not until+状语位于句首,句子采用部分倒装的语序,因此本题选择C。
Unit 5 Travelling abroad（3）
复习非限制性定语从句
一、可以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词
大部分可以引导限制性定语从句的关系词也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是关系代词that和关系副词why通常除外。
1. 关系代词which
先行词通常是指物的名词或代词，其中先行词还可以是短语或整个句子。
?The villa, which we saw yesterday, is very beautiful.
我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮。（which指代the villa）
?Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。（which指代整个主句的内容）
2. 关系代词who,whom与whose
先行词指人时，who在引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。
?Bob’s father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt.
鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。（who作主语）
?A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。（whom作宾语）
?I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before.
我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。（whose作定语）
3. 关系副词when与where
关系副词在所引导的非限制性定语从句中作状语，where表示地点，when表示时间。
?Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.
下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。（when指代表示时间的名词短语next month，并作从句的状语。）
?She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.
她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。（where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。）
4. as
as可以引导非限制性定语从句，常有＂正如……＂的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之前， 也可置于主句之后。as多用于固定搭配中：
as is known to all众所周知
as has been said before如前所说
as is often the case情况常常如此
as may be imagined这可以想象得出
as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样
as often happens这种情况常常发生
as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
?As you know, David is a photographer.
=David, as you know, is a photographer.
= David is a photographer, as you know.
戴维是名摄影师，你是知道的。（as引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。）
【易混辨析】as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as
which
指代
指代整个主句所表达的内容
既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句中的一部分
位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、句中或主句之后
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后
意义
常常有＂正如，正像，关于这一点＂的含义
which引导的从句常常说明主句的情况，和主句往往有逻辑上的因果关系。which的意思相当于and this
?As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。（as引导定语从句，位于句首，指代整个主句内容）
?Allen has made much progress in English, which delighted us.
艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。（which引导定语从句，相当于and this，表示因果关系）
二、非限制性定语从句中的＂介词+关系代词＂结构
＂介词+关系代词＂既可以用于引导限制性定语从句，也可以用于非限制定语从句，当先行词表地点或时间时，其还可以与关系副词where,when转换。注意：在非限制性定语从句中for which不可以用why代替。
?I still remember January 10th, on which/when he came to see me.
我仍然记得1月10日，那一天他来看我了。（on which引导非限制性定语从句，相当于when）
?They thanked Tom, without whose support they would not have succeeded.
他们对汤姆表示了感谢，因为没有他的支持他们就不会成功。（＂介词+关系代词+名词＂引导非限制性定语从句）
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
意 义
起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整
仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整
结构要求
紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号
用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功 能
修饰先行词
修饰先行词或整个主句
引导词
所有的关系代词及副词
关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
省略情况
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去
非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省
?The house, which we bought last month, lies in the center of the city.
那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子）
?The house (which/that) we bought last month lies in the center of the city.
我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。（限制性定语从句，暗含＂可能有若干套房子＂之意）
1.（2016·江苏）Many young people, most _______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their
dreams.
A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those
2.（2016·浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________has
been proved.
A.whom B.which C.what D.that
3.（2016·天津）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________the weather may be better.
A.that B.where C.which D.when
4.（2016·湖南）It is a truly delightful place, ________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its
winding streets and pretty cottages.
A.as B.where C.that D.which
5.（2015·四川）The books on the desk, ________covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A.which B.what C.whose D.that
Ⅰ. 用适当的关系词填空
1. Here are players from Japan, some of ________ are our old friends.
2. She lives in a small village, ________ is only three miles from here.
3. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, ________ she has some friends.
4. We’ll put off the meeting till next week, ________ we won’t be so busy.
5. The sun gives the earth light and heat, ________ is very important to the living things.
6. He was often late, ________ made his teacher very angry.
7. The ship, ________ ________ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.
8. He has written a book, the name ________ ________ I have completely forgotten.
9. It is a family of 8 children, all ________ ________ are studying music.
10. The town, ________ ________ they came, was in the north of the province.
Ⅱ. 把下列句子合成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句
1. He is waiting for his passport. He spent 100 dollars on his passport.
________________________________________________________________________
2. Cuzoo lies in the south of Peru and it was once known as the City of the Sun.
________________________________________________________________________
3. My brother, Jim, is working in Paris，and Paris is the capital of France.
________________________________________________________________________
4. The poor cat lived through the cold and snowy winter. It was beyond my expectation.
________________________________________________________________________
5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year and 80% of them are sold abroad.
________________________________________________________________________
K真题
1.C【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是young people, most表示他们中的大多数,因此应该使用most of whom。因为先行词指人,不能选择of which。?
2.B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:科学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论,其中没有一个得到 了证明。该句中的先行词是many theories,关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语,应该用关系代词which, none of which共同构成从句的主语,故选B 项。
3.D【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,先行词为next week, 且关系词在定 语从句中作时间状语,故用when。
4.D【解析】句意:这实在是一个招人喜欢的地方。它看起来一定和100年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的 农舍。先行词是place,非限制性定语从句缺主语,故选D。as引导非限制性定语从句时往往有＂正如, 就 像＂的意思。?
5.C【解析】考查定语从句。句意:桌上的书是给我们的奖品,这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句的先行词为 books,它与定语从句的主语是所属关系,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
K好题
Ⅰ. 用适当的关系词填空
1.whom 2.which 3.where 4.when
5.which 6．which 7.on which 8.of which
9.of whom 10.from which
Ⅱ. 把下列句子合成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句
1. He is waiting for his passport, on which he spent 100 dollars.
2. In the south of Peru lies Cuzco, which was once known as the City of the Sun.
3. My brother, Jim, is working in Paris, which is the capital of France.
4. The poor cat lived through the cold and snowy winter, which was beyond my expectation.
5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.
书信往来仍是现代信息社会人际交流的重要手段。私人信件有别于公务信函，主要涉及个人感情、生活、交往、工作、学习等方面的事情。总的来说，英文私人信件并无固定的写法，且属于应用文的范畴，旨在考查学生在实际生活中应用语言的能力。但是书信又不是文学创作，所以在写作时，要注意遵循英语的惯例，比如私人信件的格式和常用语等。
1. 称呼：Dear＋人名；写信给不相识的人时用Dear＋Sir/Madam。
2. 正文：信的正文是信函的主体部分，也是做书信类书面表达题时最为重要的部分，写作时要把书信的要
点表达清楚，使文章逻辑性强、语言通顺。可以根据需要分为若干个段落。
3. 结束语：结束语的第一个词的首字母要大写，结尾用逗号。信函的结束语常用Sincerely(yours), Yours truly,
Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully或Yours等。
4. 署名：署名写在结束语下面。
1. 常用的开头语：
Thank you for your letter dated September 1.
I haven’t heard from you for a long time; how are you?
Thank you very much for your letter and the gift you sent me.
I have the pleasure/honor to inform/tell you that...
I must apologize for not writing to you for so long.
I am writing to you...
I am excited/ glad/ happy to learn that...
2. 常用的正文语有：
Although I don’t know how to deal with the trouble I have mentioned above, I have been very happy recently because I got a chance to...
That’s about it; Let’s talk about...now.
3. 常用的结束语有：
I look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
I look forward to seeing you soon/our next meeting/hearing from you.
Please write to me when you have time.
Please remember me to your family.
With best regards to your family.
Please give my love/regards/best wishes to...
假定你是李华，下个月你将去英国学习。请给你的笔友Peter写信，告诉他你想利用周末时间参加社区志愿活动，以便亲身体验生活。要点如下：
1. 表达心情；
2. 询问信息；
3. 表达愿望。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
How is everything going.____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
I’d appreciate your reply soon and I can’t wait to see you next month.
Yours，
Li Hua
【审题谋篇】
体裁
书信
话题
志愿活动
时态
一般将来时
人称
第一、二人称
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.词汇
1. ______________ 盼望 2. ______________ 志愿者工作
3. ______________ 社区 4. ______________ 指导
5. ______________ 在周末 6. ______________ 帮助某人某事
【答案】
1. look forward to 2. volunteer work 3. community
4. guidance 5. on weekends 6．help sb with sth
Ⅱ.句式
1. I will come to Britain next month and see you finally. It’s great.(把这两个句子改成一个复合句)
It’s great that I will come to Britain next month and see you finally．
2. Would you kindly tell me what volunteer work I could do in the community close to my school？(改成be＋adj.＋enough＋to do结构)
Would you be kind enough to tell me what volunteer work I could do in the community close to my school?
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
How is everything going．It’s great that I will come to Britain next month and see you finally. I feel excited and look forward to studying in your country.
I heard that we could do some volunteer work as a student there. Would you be kind enough to tell me what volunteer work I could do in the community close to my school？And I also want to know if there is any chance for me to it on weekends.
I believe your valuable guidance can help with my study in Britain.
I’d appreciate your reply soon and I can’t wait to see you next month．
Yours，
Li Hua
单元质量检测
(考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Dear Interested Pre-Applicant,
On January 4, 2017, The Housing Authority of Cook County (HACC) will begin accepting pre-applications for one(1) bedroom standard and (1) bedroom Uniform Federal Accessibility Standard units(UFAS)at the following Affordable Housing Community.
North Suburban Housing
215 W. Miner in Arlington Heights, IL&9238 Gross Point Road in Skokie, IL
Note: Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards units
These apartments are all one bedroom, one bathroom units that include accessible features such as lower cabinets in the kitchen as well as grab bars and a shower seat in the bathroom. These units also have wider doorways for easier access for wheelchairs and walkers and accessible controls for heating and air conditioning as well as the shower set at a height that is easier for a wheelchair user to reach.
To qualify for the wait list opening:
◇The head of household or co-head/spouse must be eligible for one of following preferences: a person 62 years of age or older OR a person 18 years of age or older with a disability.
◇The annual income for one person household cannot exceed(超过)$32,340 and the annual income for a two person household cannot exceed $32,960.
◇Household will be required to pay rent equal up to 30% of their annual income.
Please note that the HACC will only accept the first 300 completed pre-applications. Beginning January 4, 2017, Wait List Pre-Applications will be available at the following locations during noted business hours:
HACC Wait List & Leasing Department
175 West Jackson Blvd., Suite 350 Chicago, IL 60604, Fax (312) 542-4752
North Suburban Housing Offices:
215W. Miner In Arlington Heights, IL 60005 OR 9238 Gross Point Road in Skokie, IL 60077
Business Hours For All Offices:
Monday to Friday, 8:30 am to 4:30 PM, Closed Wednesdays
Important
If you or anyone in your household is a person with a disability and requires a specific accommodation or seeks assistance with the completion of the pre-application, please contact the housing authority via any of the methods listed above, or call(312) 542-4786. Please contact our office with any further questions at 9312)542-4788.
Sincerely,
Wait List and Leasing Department
1. What does the underlined word ＂eligible＂ probably mean?
A. qualified B. affordable C. responsible D. prepared
2. According to the letter ,you can’t apply for the housing if _______.
A. you are over 62 years old B. you earn less than $32,340 a year
C. you are under 18 years old D. you are a disabled middle-aged man
3. If you have any further questions about the pre-application, you can ______.
A. write to HACC B. call(312)542-4788
C. Fax(312)542-4752 D. visit HACC personally
4. What can we learn from the letter?
A. The HACC will accept all the pre-applications
B. The pre-application must be completed by yourself
C. Wait List Pre-Applications will be available at any time
D. The apartments have special deigns for disabled people
B
Fidel Castro was born at his father’s farm on August 13, 1926. His father, Angel Castro, was a migrant to Cuba from Galicia, Northwest Spain. He had become financially successful by growing sugarcane at Las Manacas farm in Biran, Oriente Province.
Aged six, Castro was sent to live with his teacher in Santiago be Cuba, before being baptized(洗礼)into the Roman Catholic Church at the age of eight. Being baptized enabled Castro to attend the la Salle boarding school in Santiago, where he regularly misbehaved, so he was sent to the privately funded Dolores School in Santiago. In 1945 he transferred to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. Although Castro took an interest in history, geography and debating at Belen, he did not excel academically, instead devoting much of his time to playing sport.
In 1945, Castro began studying law at the University of Havana, where he became involved in student activism, and the violent gangsterism culture within the university. Passionate about anti-imperialism and opposing U.S. interference in the Caribbean, he unsuccessfully campaigned for the presidency of the Federation of University Students on a platform of ＂honesty, decency and justice＂. Castro became critical of the corruption and violence of President Ramon Grau’s government, delivering a public speech on the subject in November 1946 that received coverage on the front page of several newspapers.
In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People, founded by Eduardo Chibas. Chibas advocated social justice, honest government, and political freedom, while his party exposed corruption and demanded reform. Though Chibas lost the election, Castro remained devoted to working on his behalf. Social situation becoming worse, Castor soon received a death threat urging him to leave the university; refusing, he began carrying a gun and surrounding himself with armed friends.
5. From paragraph 2, we know that Fidel Castro _______.
A. had no interest in history
B. performed very well at school
C. spend much time playing sport
D. attended the La Salle boarding school before 8
6. What is the right order of the following events related to Fidel Castro?
a. delivered a public speech
b. entered the University of Havana
c. joined the Party of the Cuban People
d. transferred to famous school, De Belen
A. dbac B. abcd C. dabc D. acdb
7. Fidel Castro carried a gun at university_________
A.to catch people’s attention
B.to hang out with friend for fun
C.to get involved in the political activities
D.to defend himself against the death threat
8. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. the Party of the Cuban People
B. Fidel Castro’s misbehavior at school
C. Cuba’s political situations in the 1940s
D. Fidel Castro’s early life and political activities
C
This month, the singing competition, American Idol, will come to an end. For years, the popular show was a platform for rising artists. With a group of famous judges and a wide range of talents, it is clear that the competitive atmosphere of American Idol will remain unrivaled by any other show. After all, its success has been ＂unmatched in broadcasting history.＂
American Idol came from the British series Pop Idol. Through an application, contestants came into the competition and thereafter, were chosen to audition(试音)for the show. Each candidate would have to perform a piece to the judges, and participate in a strict selection process. Not only would contestants have to sing in groups, they were sometimes tasked to perform pieces without musical instruments. At the end of this stage, only 24 o 36 artists were chosen to enter the semi-final stage. Soon, the fate of the contestants would be decided by the public. During the candidate’s live performance, a free telephone number was displayed on the screen for viewers to dial, to cast their vote. At the end of the night, only 13 lucky singers would be left in the competition; by the finals, only 8 contestants would remain. Finally, a runner-up(亚军)and a winner were announced every season. Though only the winner would receive a million dollar reward and a significant record deal, other contestants would have had a chance to be known by the public. As the famous producer Simon Cowell once said, ＂The point of the show is not to be mean to loser, but to find a winner.＂
As the final season of the program begins, past winners will return to the stage to say goodbye and a new winner will be announced. With amazing performances and an excellent cast of singers, the show’s conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic(怀旧的), but more satisfied than ever.
9. Those who enter American Idol will _______.
A. share the one million dollar reward together
B. be asked to perform in pairs in the semi-finals
C. experience at least three rounds of performances
D. have the chance to become famous even if they fail
10. Who play the most important roles in the finals of American Idol?
A. The audiences B. The past winners
C. The judges D. The record companies
11. The author thinks the conclusion of American Idol will _________.
A. change its history B. be worth watching
C. not be the last season D. pick her favorite singer
12. In which section of the newspaper may you probably find the passage?
A. Advertisement. B. Finance. C. Entertainment. D. Business.
D
A new study suggests that washing dishes by hand is healthier than using a dishwasher.
Nobody likes doing the dishes, but it turns out that doing this task might pay off in an unexpected way. According to a new study published in the Journal of Pediatrics, washing dishes by hand instead of using a dishwasher might prevent the development of allergies(过敏).
Researchers in Sweden surveyed the parents of 1,029 children aged 7 and 8. They discovered that children whose families hand-washed the dishes instead of using a machine were less likely to have allergies.
Earlier research has shown that dishes washed by machine are cleaner than those washed by hand. So why would kids who eat off of slightly dirtier plates be better off when it comes to preventing allergies? One explanation is based on a theory known as the ＂hygiene hypothesis,＂ which says the reason kids develop allergies is that their surroundings are actually too clean. Your immune system keeps you healthy by fighting germs(细菌)like bacteria and viruses. But when you have allergies, it overreacts and tries to fight ordinary things like pollen(花粉)or certain foods.
Being exposed to germs, especially early in life is good training for the immune system, says the lead author of the study, Dr. Bill Hesselmar of Queen Silvia Hospital in Sweden. ＂You stimulate the immune system in various ways and it becomes tolerant.＂
This study shows that while using the dishwasher might be easier, the old-fashioned method of cleaning up could be better for your health.
13. What is the benefit of washing dishes by hand?
A. It can improve our immune system.
B. It is easier than washing by machine.
C. It costs less time than washing by machine.
D. It might reduce the chance of developing allergies.
14. What can we learn from paragraph 4?
A. Our health depends much on our immune system.
B. Children in clean environment must have allergies.
C. Our immune system can only fight bacteria and viruses.
D. Hand-washed dishes are as clean as those washed by machine.
15. What do we know about germs from the passage?
A. Without germs, people won’t get sick.
B. There are no germs in clean environment.
C. Exposure to germs can improve our immune system.
D. Germs like bacteria and viruses do harm to our health.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Boosting your Brain Power
Who hasn’t wished that they were just a little smarter? Maybe you’re in school and just want to get a better grade on a test. 16 Here are some ways you can go about boosting your brainpower.
Sleep is one of the easiest things to do, yet one of the ones that most of us don’t do. We live in a busy age and often it seems that we don’t have enough time? to get everything done. So many of us sacrifice our hours of sleep to accomplish our daily tasks. 17
Read a book. Being smarter is not only about thinking but knowledge plays a big part in it, too. Reading helps your brain stay active. 18 Think of it as exercise for the brain.
Try turning off that television set and going for a walk. A walk will stimulate your body and relax your mind. Just as watching too much TV can hurt your body, it also causes your brain to slow down as well.
19 There is a big difference between knowing something and being able to teach it to someone else. There is nothing like trying to break something down into simpler terms for others to help you understand it better than you did before.
Work on a puzzle. It can be anything from the newspaper crossword or the new Sudoku puzzle. Puzzles help you use your brain to figure out the answers. 20 Your brain needs exercise just like your body does to be able to fun_ction in top form.
So go out there and boost your brainpower, your mind will thank you.
A. Learn something new and then teach someone else how to do it.
B. By writing about things you know, it helps you to understand them better.
C. Crossword puzzles also have the added benefit of increasing your vocabulary and knowledge.
D. Maybe you want to show your boss that you are good enough to get a promotion.
E. Giving your body the rest it needs every night can boost your ability to fun_ction at your best the next day.
F. Skipping meals can make it harder for you to think and perform at your best.
G. The more you read, the more you know, and the smarter you will be.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
完形填空(共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The park bench was deserted as I sat down beneath an old tree. I was feeling 21 for the world was trying to drag me down. And if that weren’t enough to ruin my day, a young boy out of breath 22 me, all tired from play. He stood right before me and said with great 23 , ＂Look what I found!＂
In his hand was a flower, and what a 24 sight, with its petals (花瓣) all worn. 25 him to take his dead flower and go off to play, I forced a weak smile and then 26 . But instead of leaving, he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his 27 and declared with overacted surprise, ＂It sure smells pretty and it’s 28 , too. That’s why I picked it; here it’s for you.＂
The flower before me was dying or dead. But I knew I must take it, 29 he might never leave. So I 30 for the flower, and replied, ＂Just what I need.＂ But 31 placing the flower in my hand, he held it mid-air without reason or plan. It was then that I 32 for the first time that the boy could not 33 .
At that moment I heard my voice 34 ; tears shone in the sun 35 I thanked him for picking a very best one. ＂You’re welcome,＂ he smiled, and then ran off to play, unaware of the 36 he’d had on my day.
I sat there and wondered 37 he managed to see a self-pitying woman beneath an old tree. Perhaps he’d been blessed with true 38 from his heart. Through the eyes of a blind child, I 39 could see the problem was not with the world; it was me. And for all of those times I myself had been blind, I 40 to see the beauty in life and appreciate every second that’s mine.
21. A. shocked B. comfortable C. curious D. disappointed
22. A. visited B. approached C. passed D. left
23. A. appreciation B. sorrow C. excitement D. nervousness
24. A. pleasant B. dangerous C. pitiful D. familiar
25. A. Wanting B. Persuading C. Allowing D. Ordering
26. A. turned away B. set out C. turned off D. came about
27. A. eye B. leg C. nose D. hand
28. A. useful B. beautiful C. meaningful D. powerful
29. A. and B. but C. or D. unless
30. A. reached B. paid C. begged D. asked
31. A. because of B. except for C. as for D. instead of
32. A. suspected B. remembered C. admitted D. noticed
33. A. write B. see C. read D. hear
34. A. trembling B. sinking C. changing D. repeating
35. A. until B. because C. as D. since
36. A. influence B. explanation C. decision D. action
37. A. when B. where C. whether D. how
38. A. courage B. sight C. will D. wisdom
39. A. specially B. luckily C. strangely D. finally
40. A. pretended B. decided C. expected D. struggled
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Just as I began a new job in New York, I had 41 important job: father. I was a businessman. At the office I had three new projects and at home I had a young son who was growing fast and needed me. I was 42 (puzzle) and didn’t know how to deal with the relationship between job and family until one day, during my business trip in Chicago, I came 43 an old family friend Dan, 44 was once a patient of my father. He told me something about my father. It was my father who 45 (help) him go through the cancer. When Dan knew he got cancer, he was very upset and wanted to give up, but my father, his doctor, encouraged him 46 (go) on fighting against the cancer. My father said to him, ＂You have 47 wonderful life and three fine children. Take some time with them. It is family that we live for—not just ourselves. Think of that 48 you will know life’s worth the fight.＂ His words touched me, and I 49 (sudden) realized that family is the most important in the world. I should spend more time 50 (stay) with them.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When Molly’s father was about to work, his daughter Molly, aged 8,hand him a bag. The father was in hurry so he didn’t know what was inside. While having lunch, he took out the contents:? a plastic dinosaur,? a tiny sea shell and three small stone. The busy father smiled, finished eating, and sweeping the desk clean into the dustbin include Molly’s junk. This evening, Molly wanted her bag back because she had not made a note into it: I love you, Daddy. The father went to his office hurried, carrying the junk home. He asked Molly to tell her about the junk. It was turned out that everything in the bag had a story. To Molly they were not junk and treasures!
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信询问你的家乡是否有雾霾天气，情况如何。请你按照以下提示给他回一封e-mail. 内容如下：
1.由于大气污染程度十分严重，自去年年底以来发生数次雾霾天气；
2.人们已经意识到雾霾天气的危害，正在采取各种措施减少其发生；
3.你在日常生活中打算为此做些什么。
要求：
1.参考词汇：雾霾haze；雾霾天气 hazy weather
2.词数在100词左右。开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike,
I’m glad to receive your letter, and thank you for your caring for the weather and my heal th. Now I’d like to tell you something about the haze. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇解读】本文介绍了HACC要开始接受公寓提前申请，并说明了公寓的设计，申请的资格条件和相关注意事项。
1. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据To qualify for the wait list opening可知下文讲的是参加申请要具备的资格， 与qualified意思相同，故选A。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章中的＂a person 62 years of age or older OR a person 18 years of age or older with a disability.＂可知62岁以上、18岁或18岁以上的残疾人都可以申请，故A、D两项可以排 除，而C项符合题目要求；根据下文可知年收入低于$32,340可以申请，故B项可以排除。故选C。
3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话＂Please contact our office with any further questions at （312)542-4788.＂可知如果有更进一步的问题可以拨打电话（312) 542-4788，故选B。
4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段第一句话＂Please note that the HACC will only accept the first 300 completed pre-applications.＂可知HACC并不是所有的申请者都接受，故A项错误；根据最后一段第一 句话中的＂If you or anyone in your household is a person with a disability and requires a specific accommodation or seeks assistance with the completion of the pre-application＂可知pre-application可以在 别人的帮助下完成而不是必须自己完成，故B项错误；根据第六段第二句话＂Beginning January 4, 2017, Wait List Pre-Applications will be available at the following locations during noted business hours＂可知Wait List Pre-Applications不是任何时间都可以，故C项错误；根据第二段第二句话可知公寓有适合残疾人 的特殊设计，故选D。
B
【语篇解读】本文介绍了古巴革命领袖Fidel Castro的早期生活和政治活动。
5. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知Castro虽然对历史、地理和辩论感兴趣，他在学业 上并不出色，而是花大量时间进行体育运动，故AB两项错误， C项正确；根据第二段第一二句话可知 Castro8岁洗礼后去上La Salle寄宿学校，而不是8岁前，故D项错误。故选C。
6. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话＂In 1945 he transferred to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. ＂可知d的时间为1945年；根据第三段第一句话中的＂In 1945, Castro began studying law at the University of Havana＂可知b的时间为1945年，且在d之后发生；根据第三段最后一句话中的＂…, delivering a public speech on the subject in November 1946＂可知a发生于1946年；根据最后一段第一 句话中的 ＂In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People＂可知c发生于1947年。正确顺序为 dbac，故选A。
7. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话中的＂Castor soon received a death threat urging him to leave the university; refusing, he began carrying a gun and surrounding himself with armed friends.＂可知 Castro受到死亡威胁后带着一把枪是为了保护自己，故选D。
8. D【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文介绍了古巴革命领袖Fidel Castro的早期生活和政治活动，故 选D。
C
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了很受欢迎的流行节目American Idol和它的比赛过程。
9. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句话中的＂Though only the winner would receive a million dollar reward＂可知A项错误；根据第二段第五句话可知在半决赛阶段选手们并未被要求两人一组进行 表演，故B项错误；根据第二根据第二段第五句话可知参加American Idol的选手第一轮就只剩下24 到36人，并不是所有选手都至少经历三轮表演，故C项错误；根据第二段倒数第二句话中的＂other contestants would have had a chance to be known by the public＂可知D项正确。故选D。
10. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第六、七、八句话可知在决赛阶段起最重要作用的是观众，故选A。
11. B 【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话＂With amazing performances and an excellent cast of singers, the show’s conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic, but more satisfied than ever＂可知作者认为 the show’s conclusion值得观看，故选B。
12. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章可知本文介绍的是歌唱比赛节目，应属于娱乐类，故选C。
D
【语篇解析】本文讲述的是一项新的研究表明用手洗碗比用洗碗机洗碗更健康。原因是人体免疫系统
通过与细菌和病毒作斗争使人体保持健康，使人体接触细菌尤其在年龄较小时有利于锻炼免疫系统，但洗
碗机洗得太干净，免疫系统有可能对普通东西过度反应而引起过敏。
13. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话中的＂…washing dishes by hand instead of using a dishwasher might prevent the development of allergies＂可知用手洗碗可以预防过敏，故选D。
14. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话可知用洗碗机洗碗比用手洗碗更干净，故D项错误；根 据第四段第四句话可知我们依靠免疫系统与细菌和病毒斗争来保持健康，故A项正确；根据第四段 第三句话和第五句话可知我们的免疫系统不仅与细菌和病毒斗争，当环境太干净时它就可能会与花粉 或某些事物等普通的东西斗争，于是我们就有可能过敏，但不能说在干净环境里的孩子一定会过敏， 故B、C两项错误。故选A。
15. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句话中的＂Being exposed to germs, especially early in life is good training for the immune system＂可知C项正确。故选C。?
第二节
【语篇解读】文章介绍一些方法可以增加你的脑力，让你更聪明。
16. D【解析】根据上文的句子＂Maybe you’re in school and just want to get a better grade on a test.＂这是说 学生，下文应该是工作族：可能你想让你老板看见你很好应该被提拔。故选D。
17. E【解析】根据上文的句子＂Sleep is one of the easiest things to do, yet one of the ones that most of us don’t do.＂可知这里是：每晚给身体需要的休息可以让你第二天发挥最好。故选E。
18. G【解析】根据上文的句子＂Reading helps your brain stay active.＂阅读可以让你的大脑积极，可知这里 是：你阅读的东西越多，懂得越多，就越聪明。故选G。
19. A【解析】根据下文的句子＂There is a big difference between knowing something and being able to teach it to someone else.＂可知这里是：学习一些新的东西然后教别人。故选A。
20. C【解析】根据上文的句子＂It can be anything from the newspaper crossword or the new Sudoku puzzle. Puzzles help you use your brain to figure out the answers.＂可知这里是：填词游戏也可以增加你的词汇量 和知识。故选C。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节 完形填空
【语篇解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者通过一个眼睛看见东西的小男孩把一朵已经枯萎的花送给自己的事情认识到了要去发现生活中的美好，而不应该在那自顾自怜。
21. D 根据本空后的＂for the world was trying to drag me down.＂可知，我感到很失望（disappointed）。
22. B 根据本空后的＂He stood right before me and said＂可知，一个小男孩走近（approached）我。
23. C 根据本空后的＂Look what I found! ＂可知，小男孩兴奋地（excitement）和我说话。
24. C 根据本空后的＂with its petals all worn＂可知，花瓣枯萎了是令人惋惜的（pitiful）。
25. A 根据本空后的＂him to take his dead flower and go off to play, I forced a weak smile＂可知，想（Wanting） 让他拿着已经枯萎的花去一边玩耍，我勉强笑了一下。
26. A根据本空前的＂I forced a weak smile＂可知，我勉强笑了一下，然后转过身去（turned away）。
27. C 根据本空后的＂It sure smells pretty＂可知，小男孩把花放在鼻子（nose）前闻了闻。
28. B 根据本空前的＂It sure smells pretty＂可知，小男孩说花闻狠起来很香而且也很好看（beautiful）。
29. C 根据本空后的＂But he might never leave＂可知，我知道我必须收下这朵花，否则（or）他将不会离开。
30. A 上文说我知道我必须收下这朵花，否则他将不会离开，于是我伸手去拿（reached for）花。
31. D 根据本空后的＂placing the flower in my hand, he held it mid-air without reason or plan＂可知，小男孩把 花停在半空中，而不是（instead of）放在我手里。
32. D 上文说小男孩把花停在半空中，而不是放在我手里，再结合本空后的＂for the first time that＂可知， 此处 是说我第一次注意到（noticed）的事情。
33. B 根据下文中的＂Through the eyes of a blind child＂可知，小男孩的眼睛看（see）不见。
34. A 上文说我发现原来小男孩是一个盲人，肯定感到非常感动，所以声音有些颤抖（trembling）。
35. C 根据本空后的＂I thanked him for picking a very best one＂可知，当（as）我感谢他找到了世界上最好 看的花的时候，我感动得流下了眼泪。
36. A 根据上文小男孩给我花的情节，再结合本空后的＂he’d had on my day＂可知，小男孩对我的影响 （influence）很大。
37. D 根据本空后的＂he managed to see a self-pitying woman beneath an old tree. ＂可知，我想知道小男孩是 怎样（how）看到一个自顾自怜的女人的（指自己）。
38. B 根据本空后的＂from his heart. ＂可知，小男孩虽然看不见，但他的心里充满了真实的景象（sight）。
39. D 根据本空后的＂could see the problem was not with the world; it was me. ＂可知，通过这个小男孩，最 后(finally）我认识到问题在于我自己。
40. B 根据本空后的＂to see the beauty in life and appreciate every second that’s mine ＂可知，我决定 （decided） 去发现生活中的美好。
第二节
【语篇解析】本文为记叙文。文章记叙了一次偶遇自己的世交朋友，从而得到了人生启迪的故事。
41. another 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我有另一个重要的工作：父亲。another另一，别的。故填another。
42. puzzled 【解析】考查词性转化。句意：我是（感到）困惑的，不知道怎么处理工作与家庭之间的关系 直到有一天。ed形成修饰人的感情，意为＂感到……的＂。故填puzzled。
43. across【解析】考查动词搭配。句意：我在芝加哥出差的途中，我偶然碰到了一个世交朋友Dan。come across 偶然碰到。故填across。
44. who 【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是Dan，连词在从句中作主语。 故填who。
45. helped 【解析】考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，句子描述的是过去的动作，谓语 动词应使用一般过去时。故填helped。
46. to go 【解析】考查动词搭配。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。故填to go。
47. a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：你有一个很棒的家庭和三个好孩子。此处表泛指，表＂一个很棒的家庭＂。 故填a。
48. and 【解析】考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处为＂祈使句+and/or+陈述句＂句型，根据句意可知， 陈述句与祈使句成顺承的因果关系，应使用and。故填and。
49. suddenly 【解析】考查副词。此处修饰动词realize，应使用副词形式。故填suddenly。
50. staying 【解析】考查动词搭配。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填staying。
第三部分 写作
第一节 短文改错
When Molly’s father was about to work, his daughter Molly, aged 8, him a bag. The father was in hurry so he didn’t know what was inside. While having lunch, he took out the contents:? a plastic dinosaur,? a tiny sea shell and three small. The busy father smiled, finished eating, and the desk clean into the dustbin Molly’s junk. evening, Molly wanted her bag back because she had not made a note into it: I love you, Daddy. The father went to his office, carrying the junk home. He asked Molly to tell about the junk. It turned out that everything in the bag had a story. To Molly they were not junk treasures!
【解析】
第一处：由前面的was判断此处用一般过去时，故把hand改为handed。
第二处：in a hurry是固定搭配，表示＂匆忙＂，故在hurry前加a。
第三处：由前面的three可知，此处用可数名词复数，故把stone改为stones。
第四处：此处与前面的smiled, finished是一系列的动作，也应该是用一般过去时，故把sweeping改为swept。
第五处：由句子结构可知此处使用介词including，表示＂包括＂，故把include改为including。
第六处：此处表示＂那天晚上＂，故把This改为That。
第七处：修饰动词went用副词，故把hurried改为hurriedly。
第八处：此处指代主语he，故把her改为him。
第九处：It turned out that表示＂结果是、被证明是＂，故把was去掉。
第十处：此处表示语义的转折，故把and改为but。
第二节 书面表达
Dear Mike,
I’m glad to receive your letter, and thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. Now I’d like to tell you something about the haze.
Since the end of last year, the hazy weather has occurred a lot of times in my hometown, which has done great harm to our daily life. Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog. Besides, more and more citizens have to go to see the doctor due to the serious diseases caused by the haze. A great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air.
As for me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere. In addition, I will tell the people I meet to protect the environment. Would you like to tell me some good ideas? I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
