课件39张PPT。 School Life
学校生活核心语法突破：情态动词1．(2010?河北， 31)—Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?
—Yes, you ________．
A．must B．can
C．may D．need考查情态动词的问句与答语。前句中的have to 是must的近义替换，意为“必须”。肯定答语用must, 否定答语用needn't /don't have to/don't need to，故选A。A2．(2011?河北，36)You ________ eat the soup if you don't like it.
A．shouldn't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．can't C考查情态动词词义辨析及needn't 的含义。根据句意“如果你不喜欢，就不必喝这份汤。”可知此处应填needn't “不必”，故选C。3．(2012?河北，35)—Whose is the pencil box?
—It________ be Tom's. Look at his name on the cover!
A．can B．may
C．must D．need考查情态动词表推测。根据最后一句 Look at his name on the cover！可知这个文具盒上有Tom 的名字，所以“一定”(must)是他的。C4．(2013?河北，34)________ I see your ID card, sir? We have to check your information.
A．May B．Must
C．Should D．Need考查情态动词词义辨析及may的含义。may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，比can更委婉。从后句We have to check your information.我们得核实您的信息可知，此处为客气地请求对方出示证件，故选A。A5．(2014?河北，34)I ________ follow you. Would you please repeat it?
A．can't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．shouldn'tA考查情态动词词义辨析及can't的含义。从后句中的repeat it“重说一遍”可知是“跟不上您”的意思，can' t do不能，做不到……，故选A。6．(2015?河北，28)There's an important football match today. I________ miss it.
A．may B．can't
C．mustn't D．needn't考查情态动词词义辨析及can't的含义。从前句中的an important football match一场重要的足球赛可知，“不可以错过”can' t miss it，故选B。B7．(2016?河北，72)What can people do after reading the information on food labels?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________考查情态动词can的含义。句意：人们在阅读食品标签之后可以做什么？此处can 表示“可以，能够”。 They/People can make good choices/a good choice (about their food)．/ Make good choices/ a good choice (about their food)．8．(2017?河北，30)I have travelled a lot. I ________ speak four languages.
A．can B．may
C．must D．need考查情态动词词义辨析及can的含义。从第一句I have travelled a lot我已经去过很多地方旅游可知，can speak four languages此处意为“能够，会”说四门语言，故选A。A情态动词考点列表情态动词基本用法
1．有一定含义，表达感彩
2．后接系动词或实义动词原形，不能单独作谓语
3．部分情态动词可以用来表推测
4．特殊情态动词：既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词或助动词1．can的用法
(1)can常用来表示能力，意为“能够，会”。
eg：—Can you speak Chinese? 你会说汉语吗？
—Yes, only a little. 是的，只会一点。
(2)can表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。
eg：Can I use your dictionary?
我可以用一下你的字典吗？语法归纳考点1 常考易错情态动词(3)can 用于疑问句中表推测，意为“可能”；can't 表示否定推测，意为“一定不”或 “不可能”。
eg：—Can the news be true？这消息可能是真的吗？
—No, it can't.不，那不可能(是真的)。2．may的用法
(1)may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，比can更委婉。
eg：May I go now? 我现在可以走了吗？
(2)may表祝愿。
eg：May you succeed！祝你成功！(3)may 用于肯定句中表推测，意为“可能”； may 用于否定句中表推测，则意为“可能不”。
eg：He may come here tomorrow. I'm not sure.
他可能明天会来，我不太确定。
They may not know the way，either. They look too young.
他们可能也不认识路，他们看起来太小了。
(两种情况表达的都是不太确定的推测。)3．must的用法
(1)must表示主观看法，意为“必须，一定”。
eg：You must stop playing computer games.
你必须停止玩电脑游戏。
(2)其否定形式mustn't表示“一定不要；千万别；禁止；不许”。
eg：You mustn't play with fire.你不许玩火。
(3)must用于肯定句中表推测，意为“一定， 肯定”。
eg：This book must be Lily's. Look, her name is on the cover.
这本书一定是莉莉的。看，书皮上有她的名字。4．need的用法
(1)need作情态动词，表示“需要”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn't，意为“没有必要，不必”。由need引起的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must或have to，否定回答用needn't。
eg：—Need they fill in the form？他们需要填表吗？
—Yes, they must./No, they needn't.
是的，他们必须要填表。/不，他们不必。(2)need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词不定式。
eg：He needs to learn more about the girl.
他需要多了解那个女孩儿。
注意：对need是否为情态动词的判断常为难点：need后加to do，说明need为实义动词，用助动词构成疑问句或否定句；同样，如果有助动词表示疑问或否定，说明此时need 为实义动词，其后接to do。
eg：We need to take some food.
我们需要带一些食物。
◆若need后加do，则为情态动词；肯定句中一般不用need作情态动词，只用need to do。(3)need后加doing表示被动意义。
eg：My watch needs repairing.
我的表需要修一修了。1．should的用法
(1)可表示“建议、责任、义务、劝告”等。
eg：We should protect the environment.
我们应该保护环境。
(2)表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中。
eg：Should I open the window?
我应该开窗户吗？考点2 其他情态动词2．could的用法
(1)can的过去式，意为“能够，会”，表示过去的能力。
eg：He could speak English when he was 4.
他4岁时就会说英语。
(2)could在疑问句中表示委婉的语气，此时could不是can的过去式。
eg：—Could I use your pen?
我能用一下你的钢笔吗？
—Yes, you can.是的，可以。
(3)could 表推测，意为“可能”，比might 语气强烈一些。3．might的用法
(1)表示推测时，可能性低于may。
eg：It might be rainy tomorrow.
明天可能下雨。
(2)用于虚拟语气之中。
eg：Honestly, you might have told me!
说实话，你事先应该告诉我啊！4．shall的用法
(1)shall表示征求对方意见，多用于第一、三人称。
eg：Shall we go out for a walk?
我们出去散散步好吗？
(2)表示决心、警告、命令，多用于第二、三人称。
eg：You shall not bring your mobile phones in the exam.在这次考试中你们不许带手机。5．will和would的用法
(1)will，would表示“愿意、打算”，可用于多种人称。
eg：I will help you if I'm free this afternoon.
今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。
(2)will用于第二人称，在疑问句中表示询问、请求，意为“愿意，可以”。
eg：Will you pass me the book?
你可以把那本书递给我吗？
(3)would用来表示客气地请求别人做某事，意为“愿意，可以”。
eg：Would you tell me the way to the station?
你可以告诉我去车站的路吗？1．Henry's been working all day. He must be tired.
亨利工作了一整天，肯定很累。
◆表示十分肯定的推测用must。
2．This book may be Lily's. I'm not sure.
这本书可能是莉莉的，我不太确定。
◆表示不是很有把握的推测常用may，could, might。考点3 情态动词表推测3．The man over there can't be Mr. Zheng, because he has gone to Beijing.
那边的那个人不可能是郑先生，因为他去北京了。
◆有把握的否定推测用can't，意为“不可能，一定不”。此处重点区分于mustn't：mustn't意为“禁止，决不能”，表示不允许做某事，不用于表示推测。
4．He may not know the answer to the question.
他可能不知道这个问题的答案。
◆表示没有把握的否定推测用may not，意为“可能不”。
5．Can the news be true?
这消息是真的吗？
◆疑问句中只用can表推测。
简言之，must 一定(语气肯定)，could 可能(不太确定，但比may语气强一些)，may 也许(不很肯定)，might或许(比may语气更弱)，may not 也许不(否定但不确定)，can't 一定不 (语气肯定)。1．确定情态动词答语的基本原则：用哪个情态动词提问就用哪个情态动词作答。
2．下列是一些例外情况，这些也是考试的常见考点。
(1)—May I play computer games now, Mum?
我现在可以玩电脑游戏吗，妈妈？
—No, you can't/mustn't.不，你不可以。
◆May I…？句型的否定回答常用can't或mustn't。考点4 情态动词问句与答语(2)—Must I finish my homework tonight?
我今晚必须完成我的作业吗？
—No, you needn't./don't have to./ don't need to. You can do it tomorrow.
不，你不必。你可以明天再写。
◆Must I…？句型的否定回答常用needn't或don't have to。
(3)—Could I use your bike for a while?
我可以用一会儿你的自行车吗？
—Sure, you can.当然，你可以。
◆Could I…？ 句型常用can作答。(4)—Need I leave so soon？我需要那么快就走吗？
—Yes, you must.是的，你必须这样。
◆Need I…？句型的答语，肯定回答一般用must, 否定回答一般用need not。1．When you are travelling, bring a map because it ________ help you.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．used to D．may
2．A good friend is someone you ________ share your pleasure and pain with.
A．can B．need C．should D．mustDA句意：好朋友就是能够与你分享快乐和痛苦的人。can 能够；need需要；should应该；must一定。根据句意可知选A。3．—I don't care what people think.
—Well, you ________. You're not alone in this world.
A．can B．may
C．should D．will
4．—Life is becoming convenient with the Internet.
—That's true! Almost everything ________ be done online.
A．must B．would
C．should D．can CD5．—We've ordered too much food. I ________ eat any more.
—Never mind. Let's take it home.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．shouldn't
6．—Could you go to the new movie with me now?
—Sorry, I ________. Look, it's time for me to watch The Reader on CCTV.
A．can't B．can C．needn't D．must——我们点了太多的食物。我不能再吃了。——没关系，我们可以把它带回家。can't不能；mustn't不许，表禁止；needn't没必要；shouldn't不应该。根据句意可知选A。AA7．—________ I park my car here for a while?
—No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”？
A．Would B．May
C．Must D．Should
8．—I think we need to sit down and have a talk.
—I________agree more. Let's take the bench over there.
A．could B．couldn't
C．should D．shouldn'tBB9．—Mum, I've signed for the box. What's in it?
—I'm not sure. It ________ be a present from your uncle.
A．need B．must
C．may D．will考查情态动词。句意：——妈妈，我已经签收了这个盒子，里面有什么？——我也不确定。这可能是你叔叔送的礼物。need需要；must必须；may可能；will将会。根据I'm not sure可知下面说可能是你叔叔送的礼物，这里应该用may表示一种可能性，但是这个可能性不是很大。故选C。C10．—Look! The man at the school gate ________ be our headmaster. He is always standing there to welcome us every morning.
—No, it ________ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.
A．must; can't B．must; mustn't
C．can't; mustn't D．can；mustn't
11．Now most young people like shopping online because they ________ spend a lot of time going from shop to shop.
A．needn't B．can't
C．mustn't D．shouldn'tAA12．Dogs ________ run through soccer games at the park. It's dangerous.
A．should B．shouldn't C．need D．needn't
13．When a virus comes into our body, we get ill. The same thing ________ also happen to a computer.
A．should B．need C．can D．must考查情态动词。句意：在公园，狗不应该在足球比赛中跑来跑去，太危险了。根据It's dangerous.可知这里说的是不应该做某事，应该用否定形式。故选B。BC14．—Robert, could you wash the car for me?
— Yes, I ________. I'm coming, Dad.
A．could B．couldn't
C．can D．can't考查情态动词。根据答语Yes可排除B和D。Could you…？是表示委婉的请求，回答时不能用could或couldn't，而应该用can或can't来回答，故选C。本题易错选A。类似的问句还有Would you …？回答时也只能用will或won't，不能用would或wouldn't。C15．—Must I stay here with you, Mum?
—No, you ________. You may go home now, but you ________ go to the net bar.
A．mustn't; needn't B．needn't; mustn't
C．must; need D．need; mustBThank you课件33张PPT。 School Life
学校生活核心语法突破：被动语态1．(2010?河北，37)Hong Kong ________ to be a good place for eating today.
A．knows B．knew
C．is known D．was known考查一般现在时的被动语态。句尾today此处意为“当今，现在”，所以是一般现在时；Hong Kong 是地名，不能发出动作know, 是动作承受者且在此句中作主语，所以是被动语态，故选C。C2．(2011?河北，44)The Spring Festival ________ in January or February.
A．celebrates B．is celebrated
C．celebrated D．was celebrated考查一般现在时的被动语态。春节the Spring Festival是中国传统节日，年年庆祝，是通常状况，所以用一般现在时；the Spring Festival 不能发出动作celebrate，是动作承受者且在此句中作主语，所以是被动语态，故选B。 B3．(2012?河北，44)More money__________ when we use both sides of paper.
A．will save B．was saved
C．has saved D．will be saved考查一般将来时的被动语态。此句中when相当于if，“主从同时表将来，主将从现”，所以前面主句时态是一般将来时；more money不能发出动作save, 是动作承受者且在此句中作主语，所以是被动语态，故选D。D4．(2013?河北，38)Annie________ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.
A．invites B．is invited
C．was invited D．has invited考查一般过去时的被动语态。第二句She had a wonderful time with us.用的是一般过去时，意为“和我们一起玩得很开心。”说明Annie和我都被邀请参加晚会了，所以本题用一般过去时；Annie是人名，但根据句意可知不是动作发出者，是被邀请，所以是被动语态，故选C。C5．(2014?河北，43)The pet dog is warm and loving. It ________as a daughter of my family.
A．treats B．treated
C．is treated D．was treated考查一般现在时的被动语态。第一句The pet dog is warm and loving.用的是一般现在时，意为“这只宠物狗温暖而有爱，我们都把它当作家里的女儿来看待。”所以是通常状况，用一般现在时；而第二句主语It代指的是前面的 The pet dog, 应该是被我们像女儿一样对待，是被动语态，故选C。C6．(2015?河北，38)Everybody ________deeply after they heard the story.
A．moves B．moved
C．is moved D．was moved考查一般过去时的被动语态。后半句after they heard the story为本句的时间状语，用的是一般过去时，而且，在听到(heard) 这个故事后每个人被感动了，是两个先后发生的动作，属于顺接并列，因此主句也用一般过去时；根据句意可知是人们被感动，所以用被动语态，故选D。D7．(2016?河北，38)Emily is glad that she ________ for her honesty at the meeting.
A．praise B．praised
C．is praised D．was praised考查一般过去时的被动语态。此句中 Emily is glad that 是主句部分，用的是一般现在时，后面的宾语从句不受主句时态限制，用该用的时态；而根据句意可知，她高兴是因为被表扬了，应该是表扬发生在前，高兴发生在后，所以本空用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。D8．(2017?河北，35)Hangzhou ________ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A．knows B．is known
C．was known D．will be known考查一般现在时的被动语态。第二句Tourists like shopping for silk there用的是一般现在时，而且一个城市“因……而著名”(固定短语be known as)是常态，所以本题用一般现在时；Hangzhou 是地名，不能发出动作know, 是动作承受者且在此句中作主语，所以是被动语态，故选B。B动词语态的分类动词语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态：动作的发出者作句子主语。
eg：I opened the window.我打开窗户。
I 是动作发出者，作句子主语，所以此句为主动语态。
被动语态：动作的承受者作句子主语。
eg：The window was opened by me.窗户被我打开。
The window 是动作承受者，作句子主语，所以此句为被动语态。被动语态考点列表一、被动语态的构成
be动词 ＋p.p.(及物动词或不及物动词短语的过去分词形式)
被动语态的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在be动词上。也就是说，把一个句子改为被动语态 ，只需要写出be动词所需的时态，再加上所给动词的过去分词就可以。
注意： be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己的现在分词(being)和过去分词 (been)。语法归纳1．一般现在时的被动结构：is/am/are＋done
eg：The classroom is cleaned every day.
教室每天被打扫。
2．一般过去时的被动结构：was/were＋done
eg：The dumplings were made yesterday.
饺子是昨天包的。
3．一般将来时的被动结构：shall /will ＋be＋done
eg：A new hospital will be built next year.
明年一个新的医院将被建造。4．过去将来时的被动结构：would / should ＋ be＋done
eg：He said more trees should be planted.他说更多的树应该被种植。(他说人们应该种更多的树。)
5．现在进行时的被动结构：am / is / are ＋ being＋done
eg：Some trees are being planted.一些树正在被种植。(人们正在种一些树。)
6．过去进行时的被动结构：was / were ＋ being＋done
eg：Some trees were being planted at this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候，一些树正在被种植。7．现在完成时的被动结构：have / has ＋ been＋done
eg：More trees have been planted.
更多的树已经被种植。
8．过去完成时的被动结构：had ＋ been＋done
eg：More trees had been planted by the end of last year.
截止到去年年末，更多的树已经被种植。
9．含有情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋done
eg：The work must be finished on time.
这项工作必须按时完成。二、被动语态的用法
1．不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
eg：Some new computers were stolen last night.
昨天晚上一些新电脑被偷了。
2．强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
eg：The homework must be handed in on time.
家庭作业必须按时交上来。3．说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。常用句型：
It is said that …据说……
It is reported that …据报道……
It is hoped that …希望……
It is believed that … 人们相信……
It is known that … 众所周知……三、主动语态和被动语态的转换
eg：I opened the window just now. →
The window was opened by me just now.
1．把主动语态的宾语the window变为被动语态的主语。
2．把谓语动词变成被动结构：be＋过去分词；主语The window为第三人称单数，原句时态是一般过去时，所以保持时态不变，变形为：was opened 。
3．把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语；因为主语是人称代词I, 所以把主格变为宾格me。(by 短语通常可以省略)
4．其他的成分(定语、状语)不变， 把时间状语just now 照抄下来。1．Tom's homework is finished by himself every day.
汤姆每天自己独立完成作业。
2．Who was the book written by? 这本书是谁写的？
3．His new book will be published next month.
他的新书下个月即将出版。
4．Old people must be treated politely.
(我们)对待老年人必须有礼貌。考点1 三种基本时态和带有情态动词的被动语态 eg：The little dog must be looked after well.
这条小狗必须被好好照顾。
◆一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应视为一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。考点2 动词短语的被动语态eg：I often see the old man run in the morning.→
The old man is often seen to run in the morning.
我经常看见这位老人在早上跑步。
◆feel, hear，listen to, make, have, let, see, watch, notice，look at，find等使役动词、感官动词或动词短语在主动语态中与不带to的动词不定式连用， 但在被动语态中必须加上to。(概括记忆：一感二听三让四看＋find)考点3 主动语态不带to ，被动语态要加to1．The books sell well.这些书卖得很好。
◆有些不及物动词与well，badly等副词连用，用以表示主语的品质或状态。常见的动词有：cut, sell, read, write, catch, cook, wash, draw等。
2．I'll have the bike repaired soon.
我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。
◆“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”这个结构也表达一种被动的意思。
3．Your vegetables need watering.
你的蔬菜需要浇水了。
◆need/want ＋ doing形式通常表达被动的意思。考点4 主动结构表示被动意义1．The Chongyang Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. It is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It's also________(call)the Double Ninth Festival.
2．Libraries or reading corners _____________ (build)in hope primary schools along the way of Long March in a few years.
3．The Belt and Road Forum(一带一路高峰论坛) ________ (hold)successfully in Beijing last month. calledwill be builtwas held4．My washing machine doesn't work, so I will have it ________(repair)．
5．It ____________ (believe)that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
6．—Why are you leaving your job?
—I can't stand it any longer. I ________always ________ to work overtime.
A．am; asking B．am; asked
C．was; asking D．was; asked
repairedis believedB7．Let's wait and see whether books________by the Internet in the future.
A．replace B．replaced
C．will be replaced D．were replaced
8．A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and ________ with a special party.
A．is celebrated B．is celebrating
C．was celebrated D．celebratesCA9．Mr. Green ________ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.
A．was invited B．invited
C．is invited D．invites考查语态的辨析。句意：格林先生在聚会上被邀请唱了一首英文歌，唱得很好。主语Mr. Green是动作invite的承受者，结合sang可知表达的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。A10．Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ________ to drive a car.
A．are allowed B．allowed
C．will be allowed D．allow句意：青少年应在18岁之后被允许开车。青少年(主语)和允许(谓语)之间是被动关系，排除B和D；根据句意是对一般常规情况的陈述，不用将来时态，故填are allowed。故选A。A11．They have collected more than 14, 000 books since the library________ last month.
A．built B．was built
C．builds D．is built 句意：自从上月图书馆开建以来，他们已经收集了超过14000本图书。since后面的从句应用一般过去时；the library是build的承受者，用被动语态。因此，使用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。B12．It's reported that Ke Jie ________ by AlphaGo in May, 2017.
A．beat B．beats
C．was beaten D．will be beaten考查被动语态。句意为“据报道，在2017年5月，柯洁被AlphaGo打败。”因此应该用被动语态，又根据in May, 2017可知用一般过去时，故选C。C13．—Why hasn't Tony come?
—The invitation letter________to Toby by accident.
A．was emailed B．has emailed
C．is emailed D．emailed考查语态的辨析。句意：——为什么托尼还没有来？——邀请函被意外地发给托比了。结合语境可知动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时；又因主语The invitation letter 是email的承受者，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were＋过去分词，主语为The invitation letter，故用was。A14．—What do you think of the latest TV play In the Name of People?
—It's very popular. Millions of families ________ by it during that time.
A．attracted B．are attracted
C．were attracted D．were attracting
15．The local government organizes the film festival every autumn.(改为被动语态)
The film festival ________ ________ by the local government every autumn.Cis organized16．We believe we will achieve our dreams in the future.(改为同义句)
We believe our dreams will ________ ________ in the future.
17．现在越来越多的人选择骑共享单车去上班而不是开车去。
Bike sharing ________ ________ instead of driving to work by more and more people now.be achievedis chosenThank you课件26张PPT。 School Life
学校生活核心语法突破：动词时态(Ⅲ)1．(2010?河北，41)My brother left school in 2005, and since then he ________ in Beijing.
A．lives B．lived
C．will live D．has lived考查现在完成时基本用法。本题后面部分有现在完成时标志性时间状语since then(自从那时起)，has lived in Beijing一直住在北京，动作开始于过去并延续到现在，故选D。D2．(2011?河北，42)I ________ my homework. I guess I can't join you.
A．don't finish B．didn't finish
C．haven't finished D．won't finish考查现在完成时基本用法。从后一句I guess I can' t join you.可知，还没有写完作业，所以不能加入你们，强调过去动作对现在的影响，所以用现在完成时，故选C。C3．(2012?河北，40)Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher, ________ many flowers and letters these days.
A．received B．will receive
C．was receiving D．has received考查现在完成时基本用法。句尾有现在完成时标志性时间状语these days(这些日子以来)，另外空后有many flowers and letters 强调到目前为止已经收到很多，动作开始于过去并延续到现在，故选D。D4．(2013?河北，43)Don't return the video to Peter. I ________it.
A．don't watch B．won't watch
C．haven't watched D．wasn't watching考查现在完成时基本用法。前一句说不要把录像还给彼得，后一句应该是不能还的原因：我还没看，强调结果和影响，故选C。C5．(2014?河北，42)Monica, you ________ the exam! Congratulations!
A．pass B．have passed
C．will pass D．are passing考查现在完成时基本用法。从后文的Congratulations！(祝贺你！)可知，已经通过考试了，强调过去动作对现在的影响，故选B。B6．(2015?河北，32)Paula is pleased that she________ her lost watch.
A．finds B．found
C．has found D．will find考查现在完成时基本用法。前文中pleased意为“高兴的，满意的”，说明已经找到丢失的手表(lost watch)，强调过去动作对现在的影响，故选C。C7．(2016?河北，36)Our team ________ another point! I'm sure we'll win the game.
A．will get B．has got
C．is getting D．was getting考查现在完成时基本用法。从后一句I'm sure we'll win the game.(我确定我们会赢得比赛。)可知，我们已经又得了一分，强调过去动作对现在的影响，故选B。B8．(2017?河北，33)Wow! You ________ dinner! Let's eat now.
A．cook B．are cooking
C．will cook D．have cooked考查现在完成时基本用法。从后一句Let's eat now.(我们现在吃饭吧。)可知，饭已经做好了，强调结果，故选D。D现在完成时考点列表现在完成时的构成基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词1．—Have you had your lunch yet？你吃过午饭了吗？
—Yes, I have. I've just had it.是的，我刚吃过。
(说明现在饱了)
◆表示到现在为止动作已经发生或完成，但结果对现在仍有影响。
2．We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。
(说明一直住在这里，也许还会住下去。)
◆表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去。语法归纳考点1 现在完成时基本用法(1)常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”连用。
(2)表示持续的动作或状态，谓语动词多为延续性动词。
注意： since＋时间点，引导时间状语或时间状语从句，表示“从……至今”
eg：自从2003年到现在：since 2003
从两年前至今：since 2 years ago
自从他搬到这儿：since he moved here
“for＋时间段”通常用于现在完成时，也可用于其他时态。现在完成时的标志词1．I've been away from this school for eight years.
我离开这所学校已经8年了。
(此句不能用have left，因为有时间段for eight years，而leave为短暂性动词 )
I haven't gone to see him for several months.
我已经好几个月没去看他了。
◆肯定句中，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用；否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。考点2 延续性动词与短暂性动词2．将短暂性动词转化为延续性动词eg：It is/has been two years since the old man died.
这个老人已经去世两年了。
◆主句为一般现在时或现在完成时，从句为since引导的短暂性动词的一般过去时。考点3 句型It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句eg：Jim has gone to London with his family.
吉姆已经和他的家人去了伦敦。
◆have gone to去了某地(没回来)
eg：—Have you been to Beijing before?
你以前去过北京吗？
—I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
◆have been to 去过某地(早已回来)
eg：The Greens have been in China for two years.
格林一家在中国已经两年了。
◆have been in＋大地点：在某地呆了多久考点4 have been to, have gone to 和have been ineg：The Greens are in China now. They have been here for half a year.
格林一家现在在中国，他们在这儿已经半年了。
◆have been here/there：here/there为副词，前面不加介词。
补充：过去完成时(不是中考考查范围，有所了解，理解基本结构和用法，能读懂相关句子即可)过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
1．I found that he ________(know)about the news the day before.
2．The film ________ already ________(begin)when I got there.
3．By the end of last term, we ________(learn)ten English songs.ourself1．—What's your plan after graduating from college?
—I______________( not decide)yet. Maybe I will go abroad for further study.
2．Justin is a 16－year－old boy. He is thinking about how _____________(spend)his money during the winter vacation. He___________(save)up about 300 dollars already. haven't decidedto spend has saved3．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it ________ a lot over the years.
A．changed B．changes
C．will change D．has changed句意：我对我家乡的新面貌感到惊叹，因为它这么多年已经改变了很多。根据句意及句中时间状语over the years知，这里指的是“过去的动作对现在的影响”，应用现在完成时表达。D4．—Do you know the Color Run, a five－kilometer race?
—Yes. So far it________ into quite a few cities in our country.
A．comes B．came
C．has come D．is coming考查时态辨析。句意：——你知道彩色跑吗，五千米的赛跑？——知道，至今已经走进我们国家相当一些城市了。结合So far可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时。C5．Since we began to use the Internet, our lives ________ a lot.
A．change B．had changed
C．will change D．have changed
6．Last year our class set up the Reading Corner. So far, we ________ more than 200 books.
A．were reading B．have read
C．will read D．are readingDB7．—Over 100 countries and organizations ________ warm support to the Belt and Road Initiative(倡议)since 2013.
—Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger!
A．give B．have given
C．gave D．will give
8．Lucy borrowed the book 5 days ago.(改为同义句)
Lucy________ ________ the book for 5 days.Bhas kept9．这个事故已经发生了，我们将尽力帮助他。
The accident ________________________ (take place)and we will do our best to help him.
10．她参军快十年了。
She________ ________ in the army for almost 10 years.
has (already) taken placehas beenThank you
