2018年中考英语一轮话题语法课件：The World and Society（世界与社会）

课件38张PPT。 The World and Society 世界与社会核心语法突破：状语从句1. (2010·河北，42)Peter likes reading a newspaper ________ he is having breakfast.
A. until　　 B. while　　
C. because　　 D. though考查while引导的时间状语从句。根据句意“彼得喜欢在吃早餐时读报纸”可知，两个动作是同步进行而且不存在因果关系，故选B。B2. (2011?河北，41)They will lose the game ________ they try their best.
A. unless B. once
C. since D. after考查unless引导的条件状语从句。主从同时表将来，且遵循“主将从现”原则，所以应该是真实条件状语从句，又根据句意“如果不尽他们最大的努力，他们就会比赛失利”可知应选A。A3. (2012?河北，36)Studying in groups is necessary ________you want to do well in school.
A. if B. until
C. unless D. though考查if引导的条件状语从句。根据句意“如果你想在学校功课好，小组合作学习是必不可少的”可知，应选A。A4. (2013?河北，35)Henry will give us a report as soon as he________.
A. arrives B. arrived
C. is arriving D. will arrive考查as soon as引导的时间状语从句。主从同时表将来，遵循“主将从现”原则；又根据句意“亨利一到这，就会给我们做一场报告”可知应选A。A5. (2014?河北，38)Eric arrived on time, ________it was the rush hour.
A. though B. because
C. while D. unless考查though引导的让步状语从句。根据句意“尽管是交通高峰期，埃里克还是按时到达了”可知，应选A。A6. (2017?河北，34)Mom won't let Dick go out ________ he promised to be back by 10：00 tonight.
A. if B. when
C. since D. unless考查unless引导的条件状语从句。句意：妈妈不会让迪克出去，除非他承诺今晚十点前回来。 if如果；when当……时候；since自从，都不符合句意。故答案为D。D状语从句主要考点列表一 、定义： 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，状语从句都是由从属连词引导的。它与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号分开。
二、分类：状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句， 地点状语从句， 原因状语从句， 目的状语从句， 结果状语从句， 条件状语从句， 让步状语从句等。 语法归纳时间状语从句的引导词有： when/________/as(当……时); ________(在之前); ________(在之后); ________ 自从； ______直到……才； ________ 一……就。
1. when 意为“当……时候”。
(1)从句的动词是短暂性动词时， 从句时态通常是一般现在时或一般过去时。(此时不可与while 换用)
eg：I feel very happy when you come to see me.
你来看我的时候，我感到很开心。考点1 时间状语从句He was watching TV when I came back.
当我回来的时候， 他正在看电视。
(2)从句的动词是延续性动词时，从句的时态通常是进行时态。(此时可与while 换用)
eg：When he was talking, the teacher came in.
当他说话时，老师进来了。2. while 意为“当……时候”。
(1)从句的动词是延续性动词，从句常用进行时态。(此时可与when 换用)
eg：The phone rang while David was doing his homework.
戴维写作业的时候，电话响了。
(2)主从句的动词都是延续性动词时， 而且同时用进行时，此时只用while。
eg：Mom was cooking while he was watching TV.
他在看电视的时候，妈妈在做饭。3. as 意为“当……时候”。 着重指主从句的动作同时发生，常译作“一边……一边……”。
eg：As we walked, we talked.我们边走边谈。
4. before 意为“在……之前”， 表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前；反之用after。
eg：Students work hard before they enter the university.
学生们在上大学之前，都很勤奋。
He went out without a word after he heard the news.
听到这个消息后，他一言不发地走了。5. until/till 意为“直到”。
(1)主句用肯定形式，且主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till 所表示的时间为止。
eg：You may stay here until/ till the rain stops.
你可以在这里呆到雨停。
(2)主句用否定形式，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时， 所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。
eg：He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.直到写完作业，他才上床睡觉。6. since 意为“自从……以来”， 主句一般用一般现在时或现在完成时， 从句用一般过去时。
eg：I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.
我自从北京大学毕业以来，一直在这家公司工作。
7. as soon as 意为“一……就……”。as soon as 引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作就随之发生。该从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
eg：As soon as he arrives, I'll tell him.
他一到，我就告诉他。
1. 通常由if(如果 ), unless (除非……，否则……； 如果不……)，as long as(只要 )来引导。
eg：You will pass the exam if /as long as you study hard.
如果/只要你努力学习，就会通过这次考试。
Tomorrow we'll go to the city park unless it is rainy.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去城市公园。 考点2 条件状语从句2. 真实条件状语从句的时态呼应：主从同时表将来时，主句用一般将来时或祈使句，从句用一般现在时， 即 “主将从现”。
eg：If it snows tomorrow, we will make a snowman.
如果明天下雪，我们就堆一个雪人。
注意： when, until, as soon as, before, after等引导的时间状语从句也存在这样的时态呼应。1. 表示理由或原因的状语从句，常用连词because(因为), since(既然，由于) 和as(因为，由于)，这三个词所表达的语气由because 到as 逐渐减弱。
(1)eg：—Why were you so late？你为什么这么晚？
—Because I got up late. 因为我起晚了。
◆由why 提出的问题用because 回答， because语气最强，表直接原因。考点3 原因状语从句(2)eg：Since the bus hasn't come, let's go there by bike.
既然公共汽车没有来，咱们骑自行车去那里吧。
As the weather is so bad, we have to put off our journey.
因为天气是如此糟糕，我们不得不推迟我们的旅行。
◆当原因是显而易见或已为人们所知的，就用as；since表示稍加分析后而推断出来的原因，比as正式；as或since从句通常在主句之前。1. 引导目的状语从句的词或词组有：so that，in order that
(目的是，以便于)。 谓语常含may, might, can, could , will, would 等情态动词。
eg：He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.
他必须早起以便于赶上首班公交车。
2. 当从句与主句的主语一致时， 可用：so as to, in order to 的结构替代目的状语从句。
eg：He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.＝He worked day and night in order to succeed.
他夜以继日地工作想要获得成功。考点4 目的状语从句1. 引导结果状语从句的词或词组有： so…that…，such…that…(如此……以至于……)。
eg：The math problem is so hard that I can't work it out.
这道数学题太难了， 我做不出来。
They're such kind people that we are all thankful to them.
他们是那么善良的人，我们都很感激他们。考点5 结果状语从句2. so…that…结构可以与too…to…或…enough to…结构进行转换。
eg：The sweater is so expensive that I can't afford it.
＝The sweater is too expensive for me to afford.
＝The sweater isn't cheap enough for me to afford.
这件毛衣是太昂贵/不够便宜，我买不起。3. so...that...和such...that...的区别
(1)so 通常后面接adj.或adv.，such 后面接名词(短语)；当名词前面有many, much, few或little(少)修饰时，应用so。
eg：The boy eats so much meat every day that he gets fatter and fatter.
这个男孩每天吃如此多的肉，他变得越来越胖。
(2)such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句＝ so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句。
eg：It's such an interesting book that we all like to read it.＝It's so interesting a book that we all like to read it.
它是如此有趣的一本书，我们都喜欢阅读它。地点状语从句可由where, wherever 引导，可位于句首或句尾。
eg：Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Go wherever you like.
去任何你想去的地方吧。考点6 地点状语从句1. 让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反的条件或情况， 但从句所表示的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生， 即在相反的条件下， 主句的情况依然存在。考点6 让步状语从句2. 引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although(虽然), even though/ if(尽管), whoever/no matter who(无论谁), however/ no matter how(无论怎样), whatever / no matter what (无论是什么) , 但主句中不能再用but.
eg：He didn't turn on the lights though/ although it was dark inside.
尽管屋子里很暗，他也没开灯。
Jack spends much money on books though/ although he is not so rich.
尽管杰克并不那么富有， 他还是花很多钱买书。1. We'll stay at home__________ it rains tomorrow.
A. and B. if
C. but D. so考查连词辨析。句意：如果明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。根据句意可知，此处应用if 引导条件状语从句。B2. It's not always safe to pay over the Internet, ________you should be careful.
A. so B. after
C. because D. as soon as考查连词(短语)辨析。句意：网上支付并不总是安全的，因此你应该谨慎。根据句意可判断出，此处应用连词so，意为“因此”，表示因果关系。A3. The two companies decided to work together ________ they had common interest.
A. because B. unless
C. but D. or考查连词辨析。 句意：这两家公司决定合作，因为他们有共同的利益。 because 因为，引导原因状语从句。A4. The actor was happy that he got a part in the movie, ________ the part was a small one.
A. since B. while
C. though D. unless考查让步状语从句。 句意： 那位演员很高兴自己在电影中扮演了一个角色，尽管是个很小的角色。though虽然，尽管，符合语境。C5. Although they feel tired, ________ they still go on working.
A. and　 B. but　
C. so　 D. /
6. ________it is often cold in the mountains, you need to wear warm clothes.
A. Though　 B. Unless　 C. As　 D. Until考查连词的用法。根据空格后的“you need to wear warm clothes”可知，因为山里面冷，所以你需要穿保暖的衣服。as 因为，由于，符合题意。DC7. The Reader has been popular since last year, ________ there is still something not satisfying.
A. though　　 B. until　 C. if　 D. unless
8. It is known to all that the day becomes shorter and shorter ________ winter comes.
A. before　　 B. when　　　 C. until　　　 D. since考查连词辨析。句意：众所周知，当冬天到来时，白天变得越来越短。before 在……之前；when 当……时候 ；until 直到……为止 ；since 既然，由于。结合句意可知选B。AB9. Many people like reading newspapers ________ they can learn what's happening in the world.
A. so that B. ever since
C. as soon as D. even though考查目的状语从句。句意： 许多人喜欢阅读报纸以便他们能了解世界上正在发生什么事情。so that 以便，为了，引导目的状语从句；ever since自从，引导时间状语从句；as soon as 一……就……，引导时间状语从句；even though 即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句。根据句意可知选A。A10. —A little monkey might feel sad because of having a new baby sister or brother!
—Yeah. I didn't know that ________ I saw the film Born in China.
A. if　 B. until　
C. since　 D. althoughB11. ________ riding shared bikes(共享单车)is an environmentally friendly way to travel, many of the bikes are thrown everywhere.
A. Although B. As
C. Unless D. Until考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管骑共享单车是一种环保的出行方式，但是很多自行车被扔得到处都是。although尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句。A12. He studies hard all the time, ________ he has made rapid progress in many ways.
A. so　 B. because　 C. but　 D. yet
13. The book Little Prince is ________ interesting ________ I can't put it down.
A. so; that B. such; that
C. too; to D. very; that考查结果状语从句。分析句式结构及“I can't put it down”可知，应用“so…that”或“such…that”句型；interesting为形容词，因此用so…that 结构。AA14. ________ Mike didn't win the race, he was still wearing a smile on his face.
A. If　 B. Since　 C. Although　 D. Because
15. Ms Yang felt so tired that she fell asleep ________ she lay down on the bed.
A. ever since　 B. unless
C. as soon as　 D. even though
?考查时间状语从句。句意：杨女士太累了，她在床上一躺下就睡着了。表达“一……就……”用短语as soon as。CCThank you