英语学案： unit 5 the power of nature（新人教版选修6）
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| 名称 | 英语学案： unit 5 the power of nature（新人教版选修6） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2011-01-26 17:34:00 | ||
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Unit 5 The power of nature
核心单词
1. appoint
vt. 任命；委派
He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉姆斯作为他在约克郡的代理人。
He was appointed mayor of the city.
他被任命为这个城市的市长。
常用结构：
appoint sb. to a post 派某人担任某职
The teacher appointed him (to be) monitor.
老师任命他为班长。
联想拓展
appointment n. 约会；约定；委任
make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
break one’s appointment 违约；失约
keep one’s appointment 守约
appointed adj. 约定的；指定的
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。
高手过招
翻译句子
①校长任命了一位新主任。
②如果你想和他见面，你得预约。
答案： ①The headmaster appointed a new director.
②If you want to meet him, you have to make an appointment.
2. evaluate
vt. 评估；评价；估计
The scientists have evaluated the data.
那些科学家已经评价了那些资料。
We need to evaluate how well the method is working.
我们需要对这一方法产生的效果作出评价。
联想拓展
evaluation n. 估价；评价；计算
accomplishment evaluation 学业成绩评定
self?evaluation 自我评价
educational evaluation 教育评定
evaluation factor 评价因素
evaluation method 评价方法
易混辨析
evaluate/estimate/value
三个词都含有“评价，估计”的含义。
evaluate 一般不用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值。
estimate表示“估量，预算”，还可以表示“评价，看法等”。
value表示“为……估价格”，还可以表示“珍视，重视”。
答案：①评估一个培训项目的花销通常是很困难的。
②把她当成一名歌手来评价很难。
3. vary
vt. 改变, 变更, 使多样化
vi. 变化, 不同, （彼此）相异
常用结构：
vary in/on 在……方面不同
vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等;
在……到……之间变动
vary with/according to 随……变化而变化
a variety of/varieties of=various 多种多样的
The temperature varied throughout the day.
气温一整天都在变化着。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The charge from 5 yuan to 10 yuan.
A. Changes B. varies C. differ D. range
(2)翻译句子
①The weather varied from day to day.
②Prices vary with the seasons.
解析：(1) 选B。按照句意此处是指收费的多样化，故使用vary from ... to ...结构。
(2)①天气一天天地变化着。
②物价随季节而变动。
4. guarantee
vt. 保证；担保
n. 保证,保证书,担保,抵押品
常用结构：
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that/sth. ... 保证……
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某物
give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
The rain guarantees a good crop this year.
这场雨保证了今年有个好收成。
My watch is guaranteed for one year.
我的表保修一年。
高手过招
单项填空
Working hard is not only a of great success, but is among the essential requirements.
Sign B. signal C. guarantee D. Supposition
解析：选C。按照前句意思“努力工作不仅是巨大成功的保证”，可知答案。
重点短语
5. make one’s way to
前往……
Dickens made his way to the woods.
迪肯斯朝树林走去。
Some thirty percent of the world’s exports of tea makes its way to London.
世界上大约30%的茶叶都出口到了伦敦。
Though it was raining hard, he made his way to school.
尽管雨下得很大，他还是朝学校赶去。
联想拓展
feel one’s way 摸索着前行
fight/push one’s way 推挤着前行
lose one’s way 迷路
force one’s way out 挤出去；冲出去
push one’s way in 挤进去
show sb. the way 为某人指路
get in the way 妨碍
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
高手过招
翻译句子
①由于在这方面没有经验，我们必须摸索着前进。
②很多学生正朝博物馆走去。
答案：①Without experience on it, we have to feel our way.
②Many students are making their way to the museum.
6. burn ...to the ground
(楼房等)被（全部）烧毁；全部焚毁
He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground.
他无处栖身,因为他的房子被烧掉了。
联想拓展
burn away 逐渐烧掉;消失
burn down (建筑物）烧毁，火力减弱
burn off 烧掉，蒸发
burn up 烧毁、烧得更旺/亮，消耗
burn out 烧坏，烧尽
burn oneself out 筋疲力尽
burn for 渴望
burn in 给……留下不可磨灭的印象
高手过招
单项填空
Be careful with fire, or it will the whole building.
A. burn down B. burn for
C. burn up D. burn in
解析：选A。考查短语辨析。burn down (建筑物）烧毁，火力减弱；burn for渴望； burn up 烧毁，烧得更旺/亮，消耗；burn in 给……留下不可磨灭的印象。此处应是“把……烧毁”的意思。
7. quite a few
好些；相当多
I have made quite a few friends here.
在这里我已经交了好多朋友。
易混辨析
very few/only a few/a few/not a few
very few, only a few都可表示“少”，“几乎没有”的意思，但very few侧重于“几乎没有人”或“大多数都不”这一概念。
only a few侧重于表达“在许多之中有几个”， 不强调 “大多数不”这一概念。
a few 意思是“少数几个，一些”，表达肯定概念。
高手过招
完成句子
—Are your friends here
—Yes, (相当多) are here.
答案：quite a few
not a few 相当于many，意思是“许多、大量”。
Very few people can bear the cold in Antarctica.
几乎没有人能忍受南极的寒冷。
Only a few people could see the scene.
只有几个人看到了这个景象。(看到这一景象的人不多。)
A few friends came to see me last week.
上星期有几个朋友来看我。
Not a few students are going there.
许多学生都要去那里。
重点句型
8. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.
我睡得正酣，正在这时我的床开始晃动，我听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。
when引导了时间状语从句。在此状语从句中，and连接两个并列的句子。like a railway train passing my window为介词短语作定语，修饰sound，而a railway train passing my window为like的复合宾语。
“be+形容词/表示状态的介词短语+when ...”表示“正在做某事，就在这时……”。
联想拓展
be about to do sth. when ... 正要做某事，就在这时……
be doing+when ... 正在做某事，就在这 时……(分句中的动作往往是短暂性的)
had just done when ... 刚做过某事，就在这时……
温馨提示
此时的when不可以与while互换,也不可以将when引导的从句置于句首。
I was fast asleep when suddenly there was a loud noise outside my room.
我睡得正香，就在这时房外传来巨大的噪音。
He was on a journey to Europe when he received her call.
他正在去欧洲的旅行中，就在这时他接到了她的电话。
We were on a flight to Tokyo when suddenly I remembered I had left my passport home.
我们正在去东京的飞机上，这时我突然想起我把护照忘在了家里。
高手过招
单项填空
The boys were about to go out to play football suddenly it began to rain.
When B. as C. while D. Then
解析：选A。考查“be about to do when ...”的句型。此结构的意思是 “正要做某事，就在这时……” 。其中when相当于and just then，不可以用while, as等替换。
9. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
句中的this being my first experience为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需要特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构基本构成形式为：
名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/名词/介词短语）
Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.
黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
高手过招
单项填空
The robber was brought to the judge, ．
A. with his hands were fast tied
B. his hands to be fast tied
C. his hands fast tied
D. his hand having been fast tied
解析：选C。独立主格结构是短语的形式作定语或状语。“his hands fast tied”是一个由“名词+过去分词”构成的独立结构，这种结构的名词后还可以接介词短语等，在句中通常作状语。再如：The teacher came into the classroom, books in hand。
10. Having taken the wrong bus, Martin found himself in an unfamiliar district.
由于乘错了车，马丁发现自己到了一个不熟悉的地区。
find oneself后跟doing、v.?ed形式、形容词、介词短语、副词等，表示“在无意识中出现了某种情况”。
When she came to herself, she found herself covered with a blanket.
当她苏醒过来的时候，她发现自己身上盖着一条毯子。
When food was served, we suddenly found ourselves very hungry.当食物端上来的时候，我们突然觉得饿了。
When dawn came, we found ourselves walking on a country road.黄昏时分，我们发现自己走在一条乡间的路上。
Suddenly I found myself making the same mistake as I made yesterday.突然间，我发现自己又犯了昨天的错误。
高手过招
单项填空
When the boy came to himself, he found himself by his teacher and classmates, which made him quite moved.
A. Surrounding B. surround
C. Surrounded D. surrounds
解析：选C。考查find后动词的非谓语形式。himself与surround之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词。
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Unit 5 The power of nature
核心单词
1. appoint
vt. 任命；委派
He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉姆斯作为他在约克郡的代理人。
He was appointed mayor of the city.
他被任命为这个城市的市长。
常用结构：
appoint sb. to a post 派某人担任某职
The teacher appointed him (to be) monitor.
老师任命他为班长。
联想拓展
appointment n. 约会；约定；委任
make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
break one’s appointment 违约；失约
keep one’s appointment 守约
appointed adj. 约定的；指定的
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。
高手过招
翻译句子
①校长任命了一位新主任。
②如果你想和他见面，你得预约。
答案： ①The headmaster appointed a new director.
②If you want to meet him, you have to make an appointment.
2. evaluate
vt. 评估；评价；估计
The scientists have evaluated the data.
那些科学家已经评价了那些资料。
We need to evaluate how well the method is working.
我们需要对这一方法产生的效果作出评价。
联想拓展
evaluation n. 估价；评价；计算
accomplishment evaluation 学业成绩评定
self?evaluation 自我评价
educational evaluation 教育评定
evaluation factor 评价因素
evaluation method 评价方法
易混辨析
evaluate/estimate/value
三个词都含有“评价，估计”的含义。
evaluate 一般不用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值。
estimate表示“估量，预算”，还可以表示“评价，看法等”。
value表示“为……估价格”，还可以表示“珍视，重视”。
答案：①评估一个培训项目的花销通常是很困难的。
②把她当成一名歌手来评价很难。
3. vary
vt. 改变, 变更, 使多样化
vi. 变化, 不同, （彼此）相异
常用结构：
vary in/on 在……方面不同
vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等;
在……到……之间变动
vary with/according to 随……变化而变化
a variety of/varieties of=various 多种多样的
The temperature varied throughout the day.
气温一整天都在变化着。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
The charge from 5 yuan to 10 yuan.
A. Changes B. varies C. differ D. range
(2)翻译句子
①The weather varied from day to day.
②Prices vary with the seasons.
解析：(1) 选B。按照句意此处是指收费的多样化，故使用vary from ... to ...结构。
(2)①天气一天天地变化着。
②物价随季节而变动。
4. guarantee
vt. 保证；担保
n. 保证,保证书,担保,抵押品
常用结构：
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that/sth. ... 保证……
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某物
give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……
The rain guarantees a good crop this year.
这场雨保证了今年有个好收成。
My watch is guaranteed for one year.
我的表保修一年。
高手过招
单项填空
Working hard is not only a of great success, but is among the essential requirements.
Sign B. signal C. guarantee D. Supposition
解析：选C。按照前句意思“努力工作不仅是巨大成功的保证”，可知答案。
重点短语
5. make one’s way to
前往……
Dickens made his way to the woods.
迪肯斯朝树林走去。
Some thirty percent of the world’s exports of tea makes its way to London.
世界上大约30%的茶叶都出口到了伦敦。
Though it was raining hard, he made his way to school.
尽管雨下得很大，他还是朝学校赶去。
联想拓展
feel one’s way 摸索着前行
fight/push one’s way 推挤着前行
lose one’s way 迷路
force one’s way out 挤出去；冲出去
push one’s way in 挤进去
show sb. the way 为某人指路
get in the way 妨碍
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
高手过招
翻译句子
①由于在这方面没有经验，我们必须摸索着前进。
②很多学生正朝博物馆走去。
答案：①Without experience on it, we have to feel our way.
②Many students are making their way to the museum.
6. burn ...to the ground
(楼房等)被（全部）烧毁；全部焚毁
He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground.
他无处栖身,因为他的房子被烧掉了。
联想拓展
burn away 逐渐烧掉;消失
burn down (建筑物）烧毁，火力减弱
burn off 烧掉，蒸发
burn up 烧毁、烧得更旺/亮，消耗
burn out 烧坏，烧尽
burn oneself out 筋疲力尽
burn for 渴望
burn in 给……留下不可磨灭的印象
高手过招
单项填空
Be careful with fire, or it will the whole building.
A. burn down B. burn for
C. burn up D. burn in
解析：选A。考查短语辨析。burn down (建筑物）烧毁，火力减弱；burn for渴望； burn up 烧毁，烧得更旺/亮，消耗；burn in 给……留下不可磨灭的印象。此处应是“把……烧毁”的意思。
7. quite a few
好些；相当多
I have made quite a few friends here.
在这里我已经交了好多朋友。
易混辨析
very few/only a few/a few/not a few
very few, only a few都可表示“少”，“几乎没有”的意思，但very few侧重于“几乎没有人”或“大多数都不”这一概念。
only a few侧重于表达“在许多之中有几个”， 不强调 “大多数不”这一概念。
a few 意思是“少数几个，一些”，表达肯定概念。
高手过招
完成句子
—Are your friends here
—Yes, (相当多) are here.
答案：quite a few
not a few 相当于many，意思是“许多、大量”。
Very few people can bear the cold in Antarctica.
几乎没有人能忍受南极的寒冷。
Only a few people could see the scene.
只有几个人看到了这个景象。(看到这一景象的人不多。)
A few friends came to see me last week.
上星期有几个朋友来看我。
Not a few students are going there.
许多学生都要去那里。
重点句型
8. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.
我睡得正酣，正在这时我的床开始晃动，我听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。
when引导了时间状语从句。在此状语从句中，and连接两个并列的句子。like a railway train passing my window为介词短语作定语，修饰sound，而a railway train passing my window为like的复合宾语。
“be+形容词/表示状态的介词短语+when ...”表示“正在做某事，就在这时……”。
联想拓展
be about to do sth. when ... 正要做某事，就在这时……
be doing+when ... 正在做某事，就在这 时……(分句中的动作往往是短暂性的)
had just done when ... 刚做过某事，就在这时……
温馨提示
此时的when不可以与while互换,也不可以将when引导的从句置于句首。
I was fast asleep when suddenly there was a loud noise outside my room.
我睡得正香，就在这时房外传来巨大的噪音。
He was on a journey to Europe when he received her call.
他正在去欧洲的旅行中，就在这时他接到了她的电话。
We were on a flight to Tokyo when suddenly I remembered I had left my passport home.
我们正在去东京的飞机上，这时我突然想起我把护照忘在了家里。
高手过招
单项填空
The boys were about to go out to play football suddenly it began to rain.
When B. as C. while D. Then
解析：选A。考查“be about to do when ...”的句型。此结构的意思是 “正要做某事，就在这时……” 。其中when相当于and just then，不可以用while, as等替换。
9. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
句中的this being my first experience为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需要特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构基本构成形式为：
名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/名词/介词短语）
Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.
黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
高手过招
单项填空
The robber was brought to the judge, ．
A. with his hands were fast tied
B. his hands to be fast tied
C. his hands fast tied
D. his hand having been fast tied
解析：选C。独立主格结构是短语的形式作定语或状语。“his hands fast tied”是一个由“名词+过去分词”构成的独立结构，这种结构的名词后还可以接介词短语等，在句中通常作状语。再如：The teacher came into the classroom, books in hand。
10. Having taken the wrong bus, Martin found himself in an unfamiliar district.
由于乘错了车，马丁发现自己到了一个不熟悉的地区。
find oneself后跟doing、v.?ed形式、形容词、介词短语、副词等，表示“在无意识中出现了某种情况”。
When she came to herself, she found herself covered with a blanket.
当她苏醒过来的时候，她发现自己身上盖着一条毯子。
When food was served, we suddenly found ourselves very hungry.当食物端上来的时候，我们突然觉得饿了。
When dawn came, we found ourselves walking on a country road.黄昏时分，我们发现自己走在一条乡间的路上。
Suddenly I found myself making the same mistake as I made yesterday.突然间，我发现自己又犯了昨天的错误。
高手过招
单项填空
When the boy came to himself, he found himself by his teacher and classmates, which made him quite moved.
A. Surrounding B. surround
C. Surrounded D. surrounds
解析：选C。考查find后动词的非谓语形式。himself与surround之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词。
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