2018高考英语一轮复习语法专题强化训练

2018高考英语一轮复习语法专题讲练
第一讲　构词法
一、构词法的分类
1．派生法，即把词根加上前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词。如：
rich
adj.富有的→enrich
v．丰富
home
n．家→homeless
adj.无家可归的
2．转换法，即同一单词具有多种词性，也即词性活用。如：
back
n．背→back
v．支持
slow
adj.慢的→slow
v．减慢
You
can
use
the_water
in
the
ditch
to
water
the
flowers.
你可用沟里的水浇花。
3．合成法，即由两个单词合成一个单词。如：
blackboard
n．黑板
hand made
adj.手工制作的
二、派生词
在高考英语试卷的语法填空题中，有两到三个小题涉及派生词。因此，我们此讲的重点为派生词。
(一)名词后缀
1．动词＋ ion/ tion/ sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)
correct
v．改正；纠正　　correction
n．改正
celebrate
v．庆祝
celebration
n．庆祝；庆祝会
conclude
v．完成；结束
conclusion
n．结论；结束
2．动词＋ er/ or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)
drive
v．驾驶开车；驱赶　driver
n．司机；驾驶员
gather
v．聚集；采集
gatherer
n．收集者；采集者
conduct
v．指挥；管理
conductor
n．指挥；售票员
3．动词＋ ment→名词
punish
v．惩罚
punishment
n．惩罚
4．动词/形容词＋ th→名词
warm
adj.
温暖的
warmth
n．温暖
grow
v．生长
growth
n．生长
5．形容词＋ y→名词
difficult
adj.困难的
difficulty
n．困难
honest
adj.诚实的
honesty
n．诚实
6．形容词＋ ness→名词
kind
adj.善良的
kindness
n．善良
7．动词＋ ance→名词
annoy
vt.使烦恼
annoyance
n．生气；烦恼
8． ship结尾的名词(表示身份、关系、资格)
member
n．成员；会员
membership
n．会员资格
professor
n．教授
professorship
n．教授身份
9． ing结尾的名词
garden
n．花园
gardening
n．园艺
greet
v．打招呼；问候
greeting
n．问候
10． age结尾的名词
marry
v．结婚
marriage
n．婚姻
short
adj.
短的
shortage
n.
短缺
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
From
the
1.　　　　(express)
on
Mary's
face，he
knew
he
left
bad
2.　　　　(impress)
on
her
and
if
she
won
the
3.　　　　(elect)
to
become
chairman
of
the
Environment
4.　　　　(organize),
he
could
not
get
her
5.________(permit)
to
join
it
although
he
was
willing
to
do
his
bit
to
rid
the
world
of
6.　　　　(pollute)
and
to
help
people
enjoy
a
better
Earth.
When
he
was
wondering
how
to
change
this
embarrassing
situation,
he
got
7.　　　　(inspire)
from
his
wife's
words.
Yes,
he
should
try
his
best
to
win
the
election
and
become
chairman
himself
with
his
8.________(determine)to
work
for
the
organization.“My
dear,
you
are
really
a
wonderful
9.　　　　(help)!
I'm
sure
I
will
be
the
10.　　　　(win)
of
the
election.”
He
said
to
his
wife
excitedly.
It
was
really
a
hard
time
when
Li
Ping
first
came
to
the
United
States.
His
1.　　　　(earn)
could
hardly
cover
the
expenses,
so
when
his
wife
gave
2.　　　　(bear)
to
their
second
daughter,
they
could
not
afford
enough
nutritious
food.Soon，poor
nutrition
caused
the
3.　　　　(die)
of
the
poor
baby.
4.　　　　(lonely)
was
another
problem
because
they
had
no
5.　　　　(relate)
or
friends
there.
Thanks
to
his
6.　　　　(brave)
and
7.　　　　(persevere),
he
managed
to
gain
the
8.　　　　(citizen)
of
the
United
States
and
in
the
end
he
had
his
permanent
9.________(settle).
He
always
tells
his
children
like
this：Perseverance
leads
to
10.　　　　(happy)
and
success.
强化训练一
A．1.expression　2.impression　3.election　4.Organization
5．permission　6.pollution　7.inspiration　8.determination
9．helper　10.winner
B．1.earnings　2.birth　3.death　4.Loneliness
5．relations/relatives　6.bravery　7.
perseverance
8．citizenship　9.
settlement　10.
happiness
(二)形容词、副词后缀
1．常见形容词后缀
(1)名词＋ al→形容词(表示有……属性，与……有关)。
agriculture
n．农业　　agricultural
adj.农业的
(2)动词＋ ive→形容词。
decide
v．决定；下决心
decisive
adj.决定性的；关键的
(3)动词＋ able→形容词(表示能够，适于，值得)。
change
v．变化；兑换
changeable
adj.易变的；变化无常的
(4)名词＋ ful→形容词。
care
n．小心；关心
careful
adj.小心的；仔细的
(5)名词＋ less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)。
care
n．小心；关心
careless
adj.粗心的
(6)名词＋ ly→形容词。
friend
n．朋友
friendly
adj.友好的
(7)名词＋ y→形容词。
dirt
n．污物；脏物
dirty
adj.脏的
(8)名词＋ ous→形容词。
danger
n．危险
dangerous
adj.危险的
2．副词后缀
形容词＋ ly→副词。
careful
adj.仔细的
carefully
adv.仔细地
3．复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词＋ ing分词。
easy going随和的
(2)形容词＋名词＋ ed。
kind hearted
善良的；好心的
(3)名词＋ ed分词。
water covered被水覆盖的
(4)副词＋ ed分词。
well written写得好的
(5)数词＋名词＋ ed。
three legged三条腿的
Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的汉语意思。
1．You
can
find
the
world's
largest
car
rental
company
in
that
country.(　　　　)
2．The
good
working
condition
in
this
city
is
attractive．(　　　　)
3．You
can
rely
on
him
because
he
is
reliable．(　　　　)
4．Her
words
struck
fear
into
her
heart，so
she
was
sleepless
all
night
long,
afraid
of
being
killed
unexpectedly
some
day.(　　　　)
5．It
was
a
frosty
cold
morning
when
he
set
off
for
the
remote
village.(　　　　)
6．As
we
know，the
Antarctic
is
an
ice covered
continent.(　　　　)
7．Everybody
says
Lily
is
an
easy going
girl，so
she
has
many
friends.(　　　　)
8．The
old
man's
sunburnt
face
suggested
he
had
worked
hard
in
the
field
in
summer.(　　　　)
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文。
Lucy
likes
talking
and
everybody
says
she
is
1.　　　(communicate).
She
is
2.　　　(act)
in
answering
the
teachers'
questions
and
from
time
to
time
her
classmates
find
her
answers
quite
3.　　　(impress)
and
4.　　　(accept).
Of
course,
not
every
student
likes
her,
but
she
has
many
friends
who
think
Lucy
is
a
5.________
(create)
and
6.　　　　　(help)
girl.
For
example,
she
once
led
a
7.________
(home)child
to
her
home
and
made
the
child
her
younger
sister.
Besides,
she
spent
8.　　　(count)
hours
caring
for
a
sick
neighbor
until
she
was
well
again.
She
is
9.　　　(friend)
to
those
who
have
difficulty
with
their
subjects.
All
in
all,
Lucy
is
the
most
10.　　　(fame)
girl
in
her
school.
强化训练二
Ⅰ.1.租赁的　2.吸引人的　3.可依赖的；靠得住的　4.没有睡觉的；不眠的　5.有霜的　6.冰雪覆盖的　7.随和的　8.被太阳晒黑的
Ⅱ.1.communicative　2.active　3.impressive
4．acceptable　5.creative　6.helpful　7.homeless
8．countless　9.friendly　10.famous
(三)动词词缀
1．前缀 en＋形容词→动词
enrich
v．丰富　enlarge
v．变大；增大；扩大
2．形容词＋ en→动词
enlighten
v．说明；阐明　shorten
v．缩短
widen
v．加宽
3． fy结尾的动词
simplify
v．简化　classify
v．归类
4． ize结尾的动词
realize
v.
认识到　popularize
v．普及
Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线部分的意思。
1．Extracurricular
activities
enable
the
students
to
know
how
to
apply
the
knowledge
learned
in
the
textbooks.(　　　　)[]
2．The
two
countries
are
trying
their
best
to
normalize_their_relationship．(　　　　)
3．Some
think
that
studying
abroad
can
broaden_their_horizon．(　　　　)
4．You
will
horrify
the
baby
if
you
speak
too
loudly.(　　　　)
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．Try
your
best
to　　　　(memory)
these
new
words.
2．The
question
must
be　　　　(simple)
so
that
we
can
find
out
a
solution
to
it.
3．It
costs
a
lot
of
money
if
we
plan
to　　　　(pure)
the
waste
water.
4．He　　　　(quick)
his
steps
to
arrive
home
earlier.
5．You
can
　　　　(large)
your
vocabulary
if
you
keep
on
memorizing
some
new
words
every
day.
强化训练三
Ⅰ.1.使能够　2.使关系正常化　3.拓宽视野　4.使恐惧
Ⅱ.1.memorize　2.simplified　3.purify　4.quickened
5．enlarge
(四)否定词缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
un 不，非　unable
不能够　unlucky
不幸的
dis 不，非　dishonest
不诚实的
discontinuous
不连贯的
in 不，非　inactive
不活跃的　incorrect
不正确的
im 不，非　impatient
不耐烦的
impossible
不可能的
ir 不，非　irregular
不规则的
irresponsible
不负责任的
il 不，非　illogical
不合逻辑的　illegal
非法的
non 不，非　non existent
不存在的
non stop
直达的；连续不断的
mis 错误　mislead
误导　misunderstand
误解
dis ＋动词(意义相反)　dislike
不喜欢
disagree
不同意
un ＋动词(意义相反)　uncover
揭开
undress
脱衣服
2．表示否定意义的后缀
名词＋ less→否定意义的形容词
use
n．用处　　　　useless
adj.
无用的
hope
n．希望
hopeless
没有希望的；绝望的
home
n．家
homeless
adj.无家可归的
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
The
speech
seemed
to
be
1.　　　　(stop)
and
the
listeners
became
very
2.　　　　(patient)．When
the
speaker
said
that
oil
was
3.　　　　(renew)
and
that
the
best
way
to
solve
the
problem
was
not
to
make
cars
and
buses
to
force
people
to
go
to
work
or
school
on
foot,
the
audience
thought
it
was
4.　　　　(practice)
and
5.　　　　(bear)
to
listen
to
him
any
longer.
They
6.　　　　(believe)
that
the
world
would
go
smoothly
without
these
modern
transportations.
They
also
thought
that
the
speaker
was
7.　　　　(responsible)
to
make
such
a
statement
without
thinking
it
carefully
and
his
speech
would
cause
some
8.________(understand).
So
most
of
the
listeners
chose
to
leave,
shouting
loudly
and
angrily.
强化训练四
1．non stop　2.impatient　3.non renewable　4.impractical
5．unbearable　6.disbelieved　7.irresponsible
8．misunderstandings
阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
(一)
Walt
Disney
was
an
American
film
producer，1.______(direct)，screenwriter，voice
actor，animator，entrepreneur，entertainer，international
icon
and
philanthropist
(慈善家).
Disney
is
famous
for
his
influence
in
the
field
of
2.______(entertain)
during
the
20th
century.
Along
with
his
brother
Roy
O．Disney，he
co founded
the
Walt
Disney
Productions,
which
later
became
one
of
the
well known
motion
picture
3.______(produce)
in
the
world.
Disney
is
particularly
4.________(note)
for
being
a
film
producer
and
a
popular
showman,
as
well
as
an
innovator
in
animation
and
theme
park
design.
He
and
his
staff
created
a
number
of
the
world's
most
famous
fictional
characters
including
Mickey
Mouse,
a
character
for
which
Disney
himself
was
the
5.______(origin)
voice.
He
gave
his
name
to
the
Disneyland
and
Walt
Disney
World
Resort
theme
parks
in
the
United
States,
as
well
as
the
international
resorts
like
Tokyo
Disney
Resort,
Disneyland
Paris,
and
Hong
Kong
Disneyland.
The
new
series,
Alice
Comedies，was
reasonably
6.______(success),
and
featured
both
Dawn
O'Day
and
Margie
Gay
as
Alice.
By
the
time
the
series
ended
in
1927,
the
focus
was
more
on
a
cat
named
Julius.
Disney's
cartoons
became
7.______(wide)
popular
in
the
Kansas
City
area.Through
their
success,
Disney
was
able
to
acquire
his
own
studio,
also
called
Laugh
O Gram，for
which
he
hired
a
vast
number
of
additional
animators.
Unfortunately,
the
studio
profits
were
8.______(sufficient)
to
cover
the
high
salaries
paid
to
9.______(employ),
for
Walt
was
10.______(able)
to
successfully
manage
money
then.
As
a
result,
the
studio
became
loaded
with
debt.
Disney
then
decided
to
set
up
a
studio
in
the
movie
industry's
capital
city，Hollywood,
California.
(二)
Newspaper
is
a
publication
devoted
1.______(chief)
to
presenting
and
commenting
on
the
news.
Newspapers
provide
an
excellent
means
of
keeping
people
well
informed
on
current
events.
They
also
play
an
2.______(extreme)
important
role
in
shaping
public
opinion.
Newspapers
have
certain
advantages
over
other
major
news
media－television,
radio,
the
Internet,
and
news magazines.
For
example,
newspapers
can
cover
more
news
in
much
greater
detail
than
television
and
radio
newscasts.
News magazines
focus
on
chief
3.______(nation)
and
international
events.
But
newspapers
report
local
as
well
as
national
and
international
news
and
newspapers
offer
the
public
some
4.______(humor)
stories
and
attractive
stories
about
5.__________(wealth)
or
famous
people
as
well
as
6.______(fool)
little
persons
.
However，newspapers
also
have
evident
disadvantages.
Due
to
the
scientific
7.______(advance)
and
technical
progress,
the
Internet
and
radio
news
travel
more
8.______(swift)
than
newspapers.
Besides，the
9.______(use)news
is
more
10.______(access)
to
the
public
through
the
radio
and
cell
phones
or
portable
computers.
A
large
daily
newspaper
provides
a
great
variety
of
information.
News
stories
cover
the
latest
developments
in
such
fields
as
government，politics，sports，science,
business
and
arts.
Other
news
stories
report
crimes,
disasters,
and
special
events,
human
interest
and
etc..
Producing
a
daily
newspaper
requires
great
speed
and
11.　　　(efficient)．Reporters,
correspondents，editors，and
photographers
work
under
the
constant
pressure
of
deadlines.
A
large
daily
also
employs
many
other
12.　　　　(employ)，including
advertising
salespeople，13.　　　　(art)，librarians,
printing press
14.　　　　(operate)，and
truck
15.　　　　(drive)．
派生词综合训练
答案：
(一)
语篇解读：沃特·迪士尼是集导演、剧作家、制片人、企业家等于一身的传奇人物，在动画电影以及主题公园设计方面尤为突出。
1．解析：从film
producer和后面的一系列的表示人的名词中可知，此处应填所给词的名词形式。
答案：director
2．解析：介词of后面要填名词，“娱乐”之意。
答案：entertainment
3．解析：从句意可知，沃特·迪士尼是世界上最出色的动画制片人之一。one
of后面加名词要用复数形式。
答案：producers
4．解析：过去分词作形容词，表示“著名的”。
答案：noted
5．解析：名词前面要填形容词。
答案：original
6．解析：副词reasonably一般修饰形容词、动词或副词，根据前面的系动词可知要填形容词形式。
答案：successful
7．解析：句中的popular是形容词，一般用副词修饰，所以填副词形式。
答案：widely
8．解析：从本句的Unfortunately可知，他经营的studio的利润不足以支付员工的高薪水。
答案：insufficient
9．解析：介词to后面要接名词，从句意可知要填“雇员”。
答案：employees
10．解析：从句意可知沃特当时不善于管理钱财。
答案：unable
(二)
语篇解读：本文将报纸同别的媒体比较，说明报纸的优势和不足。
1．解析：修饰动词devoted作状语，用副词。
答案：chiefly
2．解析：修饰形容词作状语，用副词。
答案：extremely
3．解析：与international一起作定语，修饰event，故用其形容词形式。
答案：national
4．解析：在名词stories前作定语，用形容词。
答案：humorous
5．解析：作定语，修饰people，要用形容词。
答案：wealthy
6．解析：作定语，修饰persons，用形容词。
答案：foolish
7．解析：作介词to的宾语，要用名词。
答案：advancement
8．解析：修饰谓语动词travel，作状语，用副词。
答案：swiftly
9．解析：作定语修饰news，要用形容词。
答案：useful
10．解析：作表语，要用形容词。
答案：accessible
11．解析：与speed并列，一起作requires的宾语，故用其名词形式。
答案：efficiency
12．解析：作宾语，指雇员，故填名词。
答案：employees
13．解析：与salespeople和librarians并列，作介词including的宾语，故填表示“艺术家”的名词artists。
答案：artists
14．解析：应填名词形式。
答案：operators
15．解析：应填名词形式。
答案：drivers
第二讲　名词与冠词
一、名词考点透析
1．名词的数
(1)可数名词有单复数之分。如：book－books，box－boxes，leaf－leaves，city－cities。
(2)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。如：
sons in law
女婿
passers by
过路人
story tellers
讲故事的人
go betweens
中介人
(3)下列名词单复数同形。
Chinese中国人
Japanese日本人
sheep绵羊
deer小鹿
horsepower马力
fish鱼
fruit
水果
(4)下列名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法。
细菌bacterium(单数)－bacteria(复数)
资料、数据
datum(单数)－data(复数)
现象
phenomenon(单数)－phenomena(复数)
(5)
不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。如：England，London，bread，rice，steel，knowledge，advice，health，wealth等。
Many
people
think
that
health
is
the
greatest
wealth
in
the
world.
很多人认为健康是世界上最大的财富。
(6)experience表“经验”时是不可数名词，表“经历”时是可数名词。
(7)常见的单复数意义不同的名词有：value(价值)—values(价值观)；manner(方式)—manners
(礼貌)；custom(风俗)—customs(海关)；damage(损害)—damages(赔偿金)；work(工作)—works(著作)等，需特别注意。
(8)team，group，committee，crew，family等集体名词强调整体时为单数，强调个体时为复数。如：
His
group
is
a
big
one
and
all
group
are
very
active
in
the
activity.
他那个组是个大组，所有的组员都积极参加活动。
The
film
attracted
a
large
audience
and
most
audience
were
moved
to
tears.
这部影片吸引了大量观众，多数观众都被感动得流下眼泪。
(9)名词做定语时，除man，woman有单复数变化外，其他名词一般用单数。如：
three
women
doctors
三个女医生
many
coffee
shops
许多咖啡店
2．名词的所有格
(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加's,
如：
his
mother's
friend;
他妈妈的朋友们
Susan
is
a
friend
of
my
mother's.
苏珊是我妈妈的一个朋友。
(2)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。如：
the
window
of
the
room
一个房子的窗户
(3)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加
“'s”，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加
“'s”。如：
The
lady
in
a
beautiful
dress
is
Jane
and
Mary's
mother.
那位穿漂亮裙子的女士是琼和玛利的妈妈。(共有，暗示琼和玛利是姐妹关系)
Those
two
women
are
Jane's
and
Mary's
mothers.
那两位女士分别是琼的妈妈和玛利的妈妈。(不共有，分别指两位妈妈)
(4)“a(two，some...)＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。
a
friend
of
my
mother's
我妈妈的一个朋友
two
photos
of
mine
我的两张照片
3．抽象名词具体化
表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下等，常构成“a/an＋(形容词)＋抽象名词”。如：
a
surprise
一个惊喜
a
pleasure
一件乐事
a
failure一个失败者，一次失败
a
great
success
一次巨大的成功
a
wonderful
breakfast
一顿丰盛的早餐
a
happiness
一种幸福
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(一)
Robots
used
for
1.________(housework)were
tested
out
in
some
2.________(family)．Tony,
one
of
the
3.________(robot)
looked
like
a
tall
and
handsome
man
with
smooth
black
hair
and
white
4.________(tooth)
speaking
in
a
deep
voice.Larry
was
going
to
be
away
from
home.Also，5.________(curious)drove
him
to
have
a
try
on
such
a
new
thing.
So
he
hired
a
robot
to
accompany
his
wife
Claire.
Claire
didn't
like
the
idea
at
the
beginning,
but
she
agreed
at
last.
At
the
first
sight
of
Tony,
Claire
felt
embarrassed.
Gradually,
Tony
began
to
win
the
6.________
(hostess)
trust.
He
helped
Claire
realize
her
dreams
by
making
her
home
elegant,
giving
her
a
new
haircut,
changing
the
makeup
she
wore
and
giving
her
7.________(advise)
on
her
personal8.________
(dress)．Therefore
at
the
party
all
her
guests
who
were
invited
were
filled
with
9.________(admire)
when
they
saw
her
house
was
completely
changed.
After
the
test,
the
company
was
satisfied
with
10.________
(Tony)
report
and
believed
it
was
a
11.________(succeed)
because
he
had
successfully
made
a
woman
regain
her
12.________
(confident)
and
fall
in
love
with
him.
(二)
Born
on
August
23,
1998
in
America,
Jeremy
Shu How
Lin
is
a
professional
basketball
1.________
(play).
But
to
some
degree,
many
Chinese
2.________
(fan)
and
coaches
take
him
as
a
Chinese
guy
or
at
least
are
willing
to
imagine
him
a
3.________
(China)
just
because
he
has
a
typical
Chinese
face
and
his
parents
were
born
in
China.
Jeremy
Lin
has
recently
become
a
4.________
(succeed)
and
attracted
the
5.________
(world)
attention
which
gives
Chinese
people
a
lot
of
imagination
and
pride.In
most
people's
6.________
(eye),
Jeremy
is
a
miracle.
In
June
2012,
When
Jeremy
took
his
third
trip
to
China,
a
large
crowd
came
to
meet
him,
including
some
7.________
(family),
some
8.________
(child)
and
some
9.________(woman)
players.
They
brought
cameras
to
take
10.________
(photo)
with
their
idol
and
to
show
their
love
and
respect
to
Jeremy
Lin.
强化训练一
(一)
1．housework　2.families　3.robots　4.teeth　5.curiosity
6．hostess/hostess's　7.advice　8.dresses　9.admiration
10．Tony's　11.success　12.confidence
(二)
1．player　2.fans　3.Chinese　4.success　5.world's
6．eyes　7.families　8.children　9.women　10.photos
二、冠词考点透析
1．不定冠词最基本的用法
不定冠词最基本的用法是泛指，表示“一个/一张/一本……”以及用于第一次出现的可数名词单数前。如：
(1)An
umbrella
is
an
article
that
keeps
the
rain
out.
伞是用来遮雨的物件。
(2)Ten
years
is
a
long
time.
十年是漫长的一段时间。
2．定冠词最基本的用法
定冠词最基本的用法是表特指。在重复出现的名词、形容词最高级、序数词、江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸、乐器名称、某些建筑物前面，都需有定冠词。如：
(1)The
film
I
saw
last
night
is
the
most
moving
one
that
I
have
ever
seen.
昨晚的电影是我看过的最感人的影片。
(2)The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
longest
river
in
China.
黄河是中国第二大河。
(3)The
Browns
are
all
fond
of
playing
the
violin
while
the
Whites
are
interested
in
playing
tennis.
布朗夫妇喜欢拉小提琴，而怀特夫妇喜欢打网球。
3．不用冠词的情况
(1)抽象名词表示一般概念时。
(2)在表示职位或头衔的名词前。
(3)在表示季节、月份、日期、节日(但在中国的传统节日前一定要有the)、星期的名词前。
(4)一日三餐、球类活动前。如：
①March
8
is
Women's
Day，and
June
1
is
Children's
Day.
3月8日是妇女节，6月1日是儿童节。
②We
elected
Tom
monitor
of
our
class.
我们选汤姆为我们的班长。
③It
is
not
very
cold
here
in
the
south
of
China
in
winter，but
the
winter
of
1990
was
extremely
cold.
华南的冬天不太冷，但1990年的冬天却特别冷。
④I
always
have
breakfast
at
home
and
lunch
at
school.
我通常在家吃早餐，在学校午餐。
⑤Some
students
will
play
basketball
after
school，and
others
will
go
running
around
the
campus.
放学后，有的学生打篮球，有的学生则在校园里跑步。
4．习惯用法
英语中有不少名词不带冠词，带定冠词或带不定冠词意思完全不同。如：
go
to
school
上学
go
to
the
school
去学校
in
front
of
在……前面
in
the
front
of
在……前部
(sit)
at
table
在吃饭
(sit)
at
the
table
坐在桌子旁边
go
to
sea
去当水手
go
to
the
sea
到海滨去(度假)
out
of
question
没问题
out
of
the
question
不可能
be
in
hospital
在住院
be
in
the
hospital
在医院
Ⅰ.用a，an或the填空。
1．They
tested
kite
gliders
both
with
and
without________pilot.
2．The
students
returned
to
school
with________sense
of
achievement.
3．Today，his
memory
is
celebrated
by
Burns
clubs
across
the
world
and
his
birthday
is________unofficial
“National
Day”for
Scots
and
those
with
Scottish
ancestry,
celebrated
with
Burns
suppers.
4．Several
years
later，the
boss
promoted
Bob
to
manager，but
Tom
remained
as________ordinary
worker.
5．The
Chinglish
expression
“long
time
no
see”
has
become________standard
English
phrase.
6．Therefore，many
young
girls
on
TV
choose
to
wear
the
most
provocative(挑逗性的)clothes
to
catch
attention，but
when
it
comes
to
singing
they
are
in________complete
mess.
7．Today
the
Internet
is
playing________important
and
essential
role
in
our
life.
8．With
the
arrival
of
spring，the
Dorritys
took
the
children
for________outing.
9．Then
a
man
approached
me
and...I
later
learned
that________man
made
his
living
this
way：tricking
tourists.
10．Ma
Wendi
is
used
to
curious
glances
when
she
walks
six
dogs
at
the
same
time.They
are
not
all
hers.________25 year old
veterinary
graduate
is
a
full time
dog
walker.
Ⅱ.在空格处填入一个适当的冠词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。
When
I
walked
down
1.______
Third
Avenue,
as
2.______
rule,
I
used
to
look
into
the
windows
of
3.______
old
shop
that
sold
old
and
beautiful
things.
Since
I
often
took
my
walk
after
the
closing
time,
I
cupped
my
hands
against
4.________
windows
to
get
5.________
small
look
at
the
treasures
inside.
Some
things
looked
as
if
they
had
not
been
cared
for
6.________
long
time,
but
I
knew
their
beauty
was
still
there
beneath
their
own
surface.
I
even
thought
they
were
7.________
most
beautiful
that
I
had
ever
seen.
That
was
how
I
felt
about
old
people，too.
I
knew
their
value,
and
it
hurt
me
when
others
missed
it.
I
was
raised
by
my
grandmother
and
given
8.________
deep
sense
of
the
value
of
experience.
Taught
to
behave
well,
my
sister
and
I
respected
other
people,
regardless
of
their
age
or
color.
My
grandmother
was
loved
by
all
9.________
people
around
her.
She
was
known
to
be
10.________
wise
and
kind
woman,
who
was
able
to
do
things
well
even
in
her
last
years.
Old
people
should
be
treated
as
fine
gold.
They
may
be
gradually
tarnished(失去光泽)
by
age,
but
they
can
be
polished
with
respect.
You
might
be
surprised
by
their
bright
and
shining
qualities.
答案：
Ⅰ.1.a.　2.a　3.an　4.an　5.a　6.a　7.an　8.an
9．the　10.The
Ⅱ.1.the　2.a　3.an　4.the　5.a　6.a　7.the　8.a
9．the　10.a
Ⅲ.下列各句都有一个错误，请改正。
1．Two
Germen
came
to
visit
Beijing
last
month
and
they
were
attracted
by
the
beauty
of
the
city.
2．A
friend
of
my
sister
was
admitted
to
the
University
of
Manchester.
3．How
nice
a
jacket
is!
I
bought
it
on
the
Internet.
4．Two
thiefs
slid
into
Mr.
Green's
house,
but
they
were
caught
before
they
could
take
anything
away.
5．Tu
Youyou
is
one
of
the
excellent
woman
scientists
in
China.
6．The
program
Running
Man
in
Zhejiang
satellite
TV
turned
out
great
success.
7．Li
Ming
likes
to
help
others
and
is
called
living
Lei
Feng.
8．The
birds
flew
away
in
all
direction
when
they
heard
the
shot.
9．Have
you
heared
of
the
death
of
the
Nelson
Mandela!
10．Wherever
he
goes,
he
makes
it
the
rule
to
give
his
mother
a
call
every
day.
答案：
1．Germen→Germans　2.sister→sister's　3.a→the
4．thiefs→thieves　5.woman→women　6.great前加a
7．living前加a　8.direction→directions　9.Nelson
Mandela前去掉the　10.the→a
第三讲　数词和主谓一致
一、数词考点透析
1．hundred，thousand，million，billion表示确切的数目时，不能加 s
，如：two
hundred
students。如果表示不确切的数目，则在后加 s
，并与of连用，如：hundreds
of
teachers，thousands
of
farmers，millions
of
stars。
2．scores
of与dozens
of都表示概数，意为“数十，
许多”，a
score
eggs(二十个鸡蛋)、
a
dozen
eggs(十二个/一打鸡蛋)都是成立的，但可以说
a
score
of
eggs，不能说
a
dozen
of
eggs。
3．年代的表示法有两种，如：20世纪80年代可写成
in
the
1980s
或
in
the
1980's。
4．年、月、日的表示法常按月、日、年的顺序，如：2015年6月7日写成July
7，2015。
5．“基数词＋名词”构成的定语，其中的名词用单数。如：a
three month
baby，an
800 word
composition。
6．序数词前如有the，表顺序，如：
the
Second
World
War，the
first
question;
如果序数词前有不定冠词a，则表示“再，
又”。如：
I've
failed
six
times，but
I
decided
to
have
a
seventh
try.
我已经失败了六次了，但是我决定再尝试第七次。
7．常见的含数词的短语：
in
twos
and
threes
三三两两
one
or
two
days没几天；一两天
first
of
all首先
second
to
none
首屈一指，不亚于任何人
one
by
one
一个一个地
ten
to
one十之八九
one
in
ten十分之一
fifty
fifty对半
根据中文完成句子。
1．我身高1米71，体重75公斤。
I'm
____________
and
I
weigh
____________．
2．44%的学生认为应当收取费用。
____________________
think
that
fees
should
be
charged.
3．我很高兴收到你6月7日的来信。
I
was
very
glad
to
receive
your
letter___________________.
4．这个故事发生在2014年2月8日早上7点15分。
The
story
happened
____________________
on
the
morning
of
________________．[]
5．沿着这条800米的街道有300多家商店。
Along
this
____________________
street,
there
are
____________________．
6．这套房子有25平方米，
有一间卧室、一间浴室和一个厨房。
The
house
occupies________________，
with
a
bedroom,
a
bathroom
and
a
kitchen.
7．如图2所示，
他们只有10%的业余时间用在体育活动上。
As
is
shown
on
________________，
only
____________________
is
spent
on
sports
activities.
8．上周，
我们对2，600名学生就“谁是你的偶像”做了一个调查。
Last
week,
we
did
a
survey
among
______________
on
“Who
is
your
idol”．
9．图书馆的开放时间是周一到周五的早上9点至晚上7点，周末不开门。
The
library
is
open
________________
from
Monday
to
Friday
and
closed
on
weekends.
10．这个活动将持续23天，
从6月1日至23日。
The
activity
will
last
____________________，
from
____________________．
11．你可以搭17路或59路巴士，地铁2号线在那也有一个站。
You
may
take
____________
and
______________
has
a
stop
there，too.
12．前门大街是一条著名的大街，有600多年的历史。
Qianmen
Street
is
a
famous
street
with
a
history
of
________________．
13．昨天气温下降到零下8摄氏度。
Yesterday
the
temperature
dropped
to
________________________．
14．澳大利亚人Allan
Stewart出生于1915年3月7日，2006年获硕士学位，是世界上获得硕士学位年龄最大的人。
Born
____________________，
Allan
Stewart,
an
Australian,
became
the
oldest
man
to
obtain
a
master's
degree
all
over
the
world________________________________________________________________________.
15．都江堰灌溉工程有2
000多年的历史，
今天在灌溉方面仍然发挥着重要的作用。
Dujiangyan
Irrigation
Project
has
a
history
of
________________
and
is
still
playing
an
important
part
in
irrigation
today.
16．调查显示，
三分之二的女孩选择电影和电视明星作为偶像，
而48%的男孩选择体育明星作为偶像。
The
survey
shows/indicates
that
______________
choose
film
and
TV
stars
as
idols,
while
__________________
choose
sports
stars
as
idols.
17．调查数据显示，
“父母”(作为偶像)在女孩中排名第二，
在男孩中排名第四。
As
the
data
shows,
“parents”(as
idols)
ranks
____________
for
the
girls,
but
________________
for
the
boys.
18．这个小镇面积是9.1平方公里，人口有2.3万。
The
little
town
covers
a
total
area
of
____________
and
has
a
population
of
________________．
19．一年后即2014年，
在第17届亚运会上他获得一枚金牌。今年年初在世界游泳锦标赛中成为世界冠军。
A
year
later
____________，
he
won
a
gold
medal
at
________________
and
became
a
world
champion
at
__________________
early
this
year.
20．学生会将在8月15日周六晚上举办一个晚会，
欢迎来自美国的朋友。
The
Students'
Union
is
going
to
hold
a
party
on
Saturday
evening,
________________，
to
welcome
our
friends
from
the
United
States.
答案：
1．1.71
meters
tall;
75
kilograms
2．Forty four
percent
of
the
students
3．dated
of
June
7
4．at
7：15
am；February
8th，2014
5．800 meter long；more
than
300
shops
6．25
square
meters
7．Chart
2/Table
2;
10%
of
their
spare
time
8．2，600
students
9．from
9
am
to
7
pm
10．about
23
days;
June
1st
to
23rd
11．Buses
No.17
or
59；Subway
Line
2
12．more
than
600
years
13．8℃
below
zero/minus
8℃
14．on
March
7th，1915；in
2006
15．more
than
2，000
years
16．two thirds
of
the
girls；48%
of
the
boys
17．the
second;
the
fourth
18．9.1
square
kilometers；23，000/23
thousand
19．in
2014；the
17th
Asian
Games；the
World
Swimming
Championships
20．August
15th
二、主谓一致考点透析
1．语法一致
主语为单数形式，谓语用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语用复数。
名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当主语时，一般适用语法一致原则。如：
(1)The
boy
is
clever
enough
to
learn
mathmatics
well.
这个男孩很聪明，能学好数学。
(2)All
the
students
are
listening
to
their
teacher
attentively.
所有的学生都在认真听老师讲课。
(3)Collecting
stamps
gives
me
pleasure
and
betters
my
understanding
of
the
world
as
well.
集邮给了我乐趣，也让我对世界更加了解。
(4)What
you
do
is
different
from
what
you
say.
你言行不一。
2．意义一致
有时要从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题。数学算式、集合名词、疑问代词、“the＋形容词”
充当主语时，一般适用意义一致原则。如：
(1)Five
pounds
is
quite
enough
for
you
to
buy
a
radio
or
a
walkman，something
like
that.
五英镑够你买一台收音机或随身听之类的东西了。
(2)His
family
was
going
to
have
a
long
journey，but
on
the
day
when
they
were
supposed
to
set
off，some
family
were
ill，so
they
had
to
cancel
the
plan.
他们一大家子本打算做一次长途旅行，可是出发的那一天，有些人病了，所以他们只能取消这个计划。
3．就近一致
谓语的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。当not
only...but
also...，or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not...but...，whether...or...等连词连接两个主语，以及在there
be
句型、倒装句中，一般适用就近原则。如：
(1)He
didn't
say
whether
some
English
novels
or
an
English
dictionary
was
wanted.
他没有说是需要一些英语小说还是需要一本英语词典。
(2)Not
only
you
but
also
he
is
to
blame.
不仅你要挨批评，他也要被批评。
温馨提示：
1．a
number
of＋名词复数＋动词复数形式；
the
number
of＋名词单/复数＋动词单数形式。
2．a
lot
of，lots
of，plenty
of，the
rest
of，two thirds
of，fifty
percent
of等短语后接名词作主语时，谓语的数依名词的数而定，即后接不可数名词或名词单数时，谓语用单数；后接名词的复数形式时，谓语用复数。
3．one
and
a
half＋名词复数＋动词复数。
4．many
a＋名词单数＋动词单数。
5．every＋名词单数and
every＋名词单数＋动词单数。
Every
boy
and
every
girl
in
the
area
was
invited.
6．主语是单数时，尽管后面有with，together
with，along
with，like，rather
than,
as
well
as
等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语仍用单数。The
teacher,
as
well
as
the
students,
was
very
excited.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1．A
poet
and
artist
________
(come)
to
speak
to
us
about
Chinese
literature
and
painting
tomorrow
afternoon.
2．A
survey
of
the
opinions
of
experts
________
(show)
that
three
hours
of
outdoor
exercise
a
week
________
(be)
good
for
one's
health.
3．All
the
employees
except
the
manager
________
(encourage)
to
work
online
at
home.
4．All
the
preparations
for
the
task
____________
(complete),
and
we
are
ready
to
start.
5．As
a
result
of
destroying
the
forest,
a
large
quantity
of
desert
________
(cover)
the
land.
6．As
a
result
of
the
serious
flood,
two thirds
of
the
buildings
in
the
area________
(need)
repairing.
7．Barbara
is
easy
to
recognize
as
she's
the
only
one
of
the
women
who
________
(wear)
evening
dress.
8．—Did
you
go
to
the
show
last
night
—Yeah.Every
boy
and
every
girl
in
the
area
________
(invite)．
9．Either
you
or
one
of
your
students
________
(be)
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow.
10．I
told
him
what
I
was
surprised
at
________
(be)
his
attitude
towards
his
study.
11．Listening
to
loud
music
at
rock
concerts
________
(cause)
hearing
loss
in
some
teenagers.
12．Most
of
what
has
been
said
about
the
Smiths________(be)
also
true
of
the
Johnsons.
13．Professor
Smith,
along
with
his
assistants,
________
(work)
on
the
project
day
and
night
to
meet
the
deadline.
14．Such
poets
as
Shakespeare
________
(be)
widely
read,
of
whose
works,
however,
some________
(be)
difficult
to
understand.
15．The
number
of
people
invited
________
(be)
fifty,
but
a
number
of
them
________
(be)
absent
for
different
reasons.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Our
school
library,
along
with
many
other
buildings，1.________
(be)
very
different
from
other
schools'.
There
2.________
(be)
two
computer
rooms,
three
art
rooms,
a
meeting
room
and
a
reading
room
in
the
library
building.
The
number
of
the
books
3.________
(be)
large.
It
was
2，000，000
dollars
that
all
the
books
cost
our
school.
It
is
such
a
large
amount
of
money
that
an
average
family
can't
afford
it,
right
But
in
my
view,
it
is
worth
it
because
in
the
era
of
knowledge
explosion,
many
a
student
4.________
(have)
a
thirst
for
knowledge.
Our
library
is
also
a
multifunctional
building.
There
are
500
computers
in
it.Many
a
student
5.________
(surf)
the
Internet
at
weekends
here
and
now
you
can
see
that
my
classmates，Mike
and
John,
6.________
(surf)
the
Internet.
How
happy
they
are!
Look!
A
professor
and
writer
7.________
(be)
delivering
a
speech
in
the
meeting
room.
Every
time
there
is
a
wonderful
speech,
the
audience
always
8.________
(cheer)
up.
What
lovely
children
they
are!
Enter
our
art
room
and
you
will
find
a
teacher
with
his
students
9.______
(paint)
in
the
room.On
the
wall
10.________
(be)
about
500
pictures,
which
attract
many
students.
答案：
Ⅰ.1.is
coming　2.shows;
is　3.are
encouraged　4.have
been
completed
　5.has
covered　6.need　7.wears
8．was
invited　9.is　10.was　11.has
caused　12.is
13．is
working　14.are；are　15.was;
were
Ⅱ.1.is　2.are　3.is　4.has　5.surfs　6.are
surfing
7．is　8.cheer/cheers　9.is
painting　10.are
第五讲　介　　词
一、高考中高频介词
in，on，at，between，among，for，after，before，through，across，with，without，about，since，from，as，like，into，besides，except，by
throughout，from
behind，because
of，according
to,
in
spite
of，in
addition
to...
二、介词考点透析
1．介词
介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组结构表示词语间语义关系的词类。就其构成来说，可分为：简单介词(about)，复合介词(within)，双重介词(by
means
of)，分词介词(including)。
2．after，in的用法
after，in都可与终止性动词连用，用于将来时态。但after后接时间点，in后接时间段。
如：
(1)Come
and
see
me
in
two
or
three
days'
time.
两三天后来看看我。
(2)I'm
busy
now.I
will
go
to
see
you
after
seven
tonight.
我现在正忙着，今晚七点后我再来看你。
　　　　
　　　　　　
　　　　　　
3．besides，except，but，but
for，except
for的用法
(1)Your
composition
is
good
except_for
some
spelling
mistakes.(except
for
除去……，指整体中除去部分)
你的作文写得很好，就是有几处拼写错误。
(2)The
window
is
never
opened
except
in
summer.(except除去……)
除了夏天，这个窗户从未开过。
(3)But_for
your
help，I
couldn't
have
passed
the
examination.(but
for要不是，表虚拟条件)
要不是你的帮助，我就不能通过考试。
(4)I
have
few
friends
but
you.(but除……外，没有……)
除了你，我没什么朋友。
(5)I
have
quite
a
few
friends
besides
you.(besides除……外，还有……)
除了你，我还有几个朋友。
4．as，with的用法
as，with都有“随着……”之意。as为连词，后接从句；with为介词，后接名词或名词短语。如：
(1)As
the
day
went
on，the
weather
got
worse.
随着白天过去，天气变得更糟了。
(2)With
the
production
up
by
60%，the
company
had
another
excellent
year.
随着产量上升了60%，公司又收获了一个好年景。
5．as，like的用法
as指身份、资格，
意为“作为”，like用于说明相似关系，即两者在形态或特性上有相似之处，但并不等同。如：
(1)Like
most
students，she
was
always
prepared
and
never
came
to
class
late.
像许多学生一样，她总是做好预习，上学从不迟到。
(2)As
the
chief
engineer，you
should
answer
for
this
terrible
accident.
作为总工程师，你应该为这次事故负责。
6．but/except/besides/in与that引导的宾语从句
一般介词后不能跟that引导的宾语从句，只有在but，except，besides，in后才偶然见到that引导的宾语从句(in
that...意为“在……方面”、“既然……”)。如：
(1)He
is
a
good
student
except
that
he
is
sometimes
late
for
school.
他是个好学生，只不过有时会迟到。
(2)We
ask
nothing
from
you
but
that
you
should
try
to
be
a
useful
man
to
the
society.
我们对你无所求，只是你应该努力做个对社会有用的人。
(3)He
differs
from
his
brother
in
that
he
looks
farther
ahead
in
his
work.
他与他哥不同的是他在工作中看得更远些。
7．with的用法
(1)Would
you
like
to
go
to
the
cinema
with
me？(和……一起)
你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？
(2)Temperature
varies
with
the
time
of
the
year.(随着)
一年中时间不同，气温也不同。
(3)A
waiter
arrived
with
a
cup
of
tea.(携带，带来，带走)
服务员带来一杯茶。
(4)She
was
trembling
with
fear.(指原因或理由)
她怕得发抖。
(5)with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
如：①With
time
passing，they
have
become
more
experienced.
随着时间的流逝，他们变得更有经验了。
②She
lay
in
the
chair
with
her
eyes
closed.
她双眼紧闭，躺在椅子上。
③With
all
the
problems
solved，we
could
have
a
good
rest.
所有的问题都解决了，我们可以好好休息一下了。
8．without的用法
without表示“如果没有”，常隐含虚拟条件。句中如有without，需特别注意句中的动词形式。此外还需注意without的词汇意义，不要误用。如：
I
wouldn't
have
entered
this
famous
university
without
your
help.Thank
you
very
much.
没有你的帮助，我不能考入这所名牌大学。非常感谢！
9．常考的固定搭配
at
daybreak/dawn/sunrise/noon/dark/night/work/table/most/least/present/a
great
speed/a
distance/the
cost
of/a
price
of/the
mercy
of/a
loss
against
the
law/the
current/disease/the
wall/the
window
by
air/bike
/boat
/bus
/car
/letter
/post
/plane
/telephone
/train
/land
/sea
/nature/accident/chance/mistake/comparison/control/description
for
example/good/nothing/convenience/short/fear/sale
in
surprise/wonder/alarm/terror/horror/delight/fact/reality/nature/return/tears/rags/ruins/practice/short/brief/sum/general/public/particular/case/advance/detail/pain/despair/person/a
hurry/a
flash/the
past/modern
times/ancient
times/all
aspects/charge
of/memory
of/search
of/need
of/case
of/honor
of
of
value/importance/use/no
use/significance/help/benefit
on
duty/holiday/leave/business/purpose/time/sales/show/fire/request/record/strike/schedule/a
visit
to/the
board/the
decline/a
large
scale/one's
own/second
thought
out
of
breath/control/question/sight/pity/season/fashion/date/friendship/love/mercy/order/work
/curiosity
to
one's
joy/surprise/pleasure/astonishment/sorrow/delight/regret/disappointment/puzzle/credit
under
construction/control/repair/discussion
with
the
purpose
of/the
view
of/one's
own
eyes/relief
温馨提示：
对固定搭配中介词的考查是语法填空的常考热点，因此多记固定搭配不仅有助于提高写作水平，而且可提高语法填空的得分率。
Ⅰ.用适当的介词填空。
1．After
graduation,
I
became
a
citizen
working
in
a
city.________the
first
college
graduate
out
of
a
remote
village,
my
success
set
an
example
to
my
folks.
2．The
brothers
successfully
received
a
patent(专利)
in
1906________their
Flying
Machine.
3．Modern
airplanes
today
are
very
different________the
first
Flying
Machine.
4．It
was
remarkable
how
a
community
lost
so
much
and
was
still
able
to
recover，and
this
left
the
deepest
impression________the
students.
5.
In
1783
he
started
composing
poetry________a
traditional
style
using
the
Ayrshire
dialect
of
Scots.
6．Boss,
only
one
person
is
selling
watermelon，$
1.2
per
kg,
and
$
10________10
kg.
7.
When
they
climbed
up
the
table，there
were
a
large
piece
of
bread，fruit
and
cheese________it.
8．Now，ninety
years
later，there
are
a
score
of
Berry
schools
in
the
area，________a
total
of
over
one
thousand
students
and
a
waiting
list
of
about
five
thousand.
9．He
explains
why
credit
card
has
been
charged________the
reservation.
10．The
man________the
front
desk
said
there
had
been
a
mistake.
11．The
only
reason
a
man
would
sell
salt________a
lower
price
would
be
because
he
was
desperate
for
money.
12．And
anyone
who
took
advantage
of
that
situation
would
be
showing
a
lack
of
respect________the
sweat
and
struggle
of
the
man
who
worked
very
hard
to
produce
it.
13．The
new
boy
looked
at
the
teacher________a
few
seconds
and
all
the
other
students
wondered
what
the
boy
would
do.
14．I
didn't
want
to
be
laughed
at
for
talking
to
him
but
I
didn't
like
leaving
him________his
own
either.
15.
After
considering
this
phenomenon,
I
decided
I
was
going
to
change
the
way
I
got
on________others.
16．...and
one
doesn't
need
to
have
an
ear________music
to
notice
their
lack
of
talent.
17．...has
a
history
dating
back
over
1，000
years,
and
its
famous
castle
has
been
there________about
the
8th
century.
18．...
it
pushes
up
in
an
irregular
way,
making
your
breath
come
out
differently________how
it
normally
does.
19．The
rabbit
dug________hours,
and
with
every
new
hole
the
dog
complained
even
more
about
how
difficult
this
was,
even
for
the
rabbit.
20．This
report
points
to
a
lack
of
opportunities
for
girls
and
women
in
education
and
work,
which
contributes________their
poverty
and
lack
of
power.
21．They
recently
bought
audiphones
for
four
orphans________hearing
problems
and
small
tape
recorders
for
three
blind
children.
22.Police
officials
have
said
that
at
least
fifteen
people
have
died
after
the
sightseeing
boat
Ilinden，________50
Bulgarian
tourists
on
board，sank
in
a
lake
in
western
Macedonia.
23．During
one
visit________the
Pacific
Islands
of
Tonga,
a
specially prepared
dinner
was
arranged
in
her
honor.
24.I
wondered
who
he
wanted
to
give
the
doll______．So
I
walked
towards
him
and
asked
him
all
about
it.
25．Besides，you
will
experience
some
stress
and
anxiety
when
you
are
living
in
a
different
culture
with
different
values________your
own.
26．“Oh，”
he
thought
for
a
while
and
then
took
out
a
ten yuan
note________his
wallet.
27．I
won't
come
back________midnight，so
it's________to
you
to
get
everything
done.
28．This
shop
will
be
closed
for
repairs________further
notice.
29.Graduation
is
a
good
time
to
thank
those
who
have
helped
you________the
tough
years.
30．An
agreement
seems
to
be
impossible
because
the
majority
of
the
committee
members
are________it.
31．The
athlete's
years
of
hard
training
paid
________when
she
finally
won
the
Olympic
gold
medal.
32．He
had
to
pause
from
time
to
time
to
wipe
the
sweat
from
his
forehead，because
the
airconditioning
system
broke________．
33．It's
surprising
that
your
brother
picked________Russian
so
quickly－he
hasn't
lived
there
very
long.
34．Armed
with
the
information
you
have
gathered，you
can
set________preparing
your
business
plan.
35．I've
got________the
habit________calling
my
mother
________my
way________school.
Ⅱ.请在空格处填入一个适当的介词。
Mr.
Brown
was
going
away
1.________
a
week.Before
he
left,
he
said
to
his
son,
“If
anyone
asks
2.________me,
you
can
tell
him
that
your
father
has
been
out
3.________
doing
something,
and
will
be
back4.________a
week,
then
be
sure
to
ask
him
to
sit
down
5.________
a
cup
of
tea.”
“OK,
Dad，”
said
his
son.
But
he
was
afraid
his
son
couldn't
remember
this,
he
wrote
these
words
down
6.________a
piece
of
paper
and
gave
it
7.________
him.
His
son
put
it
8.________
his
small
pocket,
took
it
out
and
looked
9.________
it
every
now
and
then.
Four
days
passed,
but
no
one
came
to
see
his
father.
The
boy
thought
that
there
was
no
man
to
come
and
that
the
piece
of
paper
was
10.________
no
more
use
for
him,
so
he
burnt
it
that
evening.
The
next
afternoon,
someone
knocked11.________
the
door.
The
boy
opened
it.
A
man
was
standing
12.________
the
door
and
said,
“Where
is
your
father？”
The
boy
put
his
hand
into
his
pocket
13.________once
and
looked
14.________
the
piece
of
paper.
He
could
not
find
it.
He
suddenly
remembered
he
had
burnt
it,
so
he
shouted,
“No
more.”
The
man
asked
15.________
surprise,
“No
more
I
met
your
father
last
week.
When
did
it
happen？”
介词强化训练答案
Ⅰ.1.As　2.for　3.from　4.on/upon　5.in　6.for　7.on
8．with　9.for　10.at　11.at　12.for　13.for　14.on
15．with　16.for　17.since　18.from　19.for
20．to　21.with　22.with　23.to　24.to　25.from　26.from　27.until/till；up　28.until　29.through
30．against　31.off　32.down　33.up　34.about
35．into；of；on；to
Ⅱ.1.for　2.for　3.for　4.in　5.for　6.on　7.to
8．into　9.at　10.of　11.at　12.at　13.at　14.for　15.in
第四讲　代词、It的用法
一、代词考点透析
1．人称代词的主格、宾格，两种物主代词及反身代词。
　　人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语。形容词性物主代词作定语，即其后必须有一个名词。名词性物主代词在句中的作用相当于一个名词，可作主语、宾语、表语等，其后没有名词。反身代词在主语、宾语、表语后作这些成分的同位语，意为“亲自”、“亲眼”、“某某本人”。在语法填空中，这个知识点出现的频率相当高。如：
(1)It
was
John
himself
that
put
him
in
trouble.
是约翰本人自找麻烦。
(2)You
can
believe
me.I
saw
it
myself．
你可以相信我，我亲眼看见的。
2．one，ones，the
one，that，those可以代替前面出现的名词，以避免重复。one＝
a＋名词单数，the
one＝the＋名词单数，that＝the＋名词单数。ones，those代替前面的名词复数，those
＝the＋名词复数。one，ones前可以有形容词修饰。如：
(1)I
don't
like
this
skirt.I
like
the
red
one.
我不喜欢这条裙子，我喜欢那条红色的。
(2)I'm
planning
to
buy
a
house.I'd
like
one
with
a
garden.
我正计划买房子，我想买座带花园的。
(3)The
population
in
Guangzhou
is
bigger
than
that
in
Changsha.
广州人口比长沙多。
(4)I
prefer
the
apples
in
the
basket
to
those
in
the
box.
我宁愿要篮子里的苹果，也不愿要那些盒子里的苹果。
3．none，nothing，nobody(no
one)的区别。
none既可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，回答how
many，how
much等问题；nobody(no
one)只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答who引起的问题；nothing只能指物，常回答what引起的问题。另外，no
one后不带of短语，none后可带of短语。
4．few，a
few，quite
a
few，many修饰可数名词；little，a
little，quite
a
little，much修饰不可数名词。
5．another，the
other，others，other，the
others的区别。
another泛指另一个；the
other特指两个中的另一个；others泛指“其他”，后不带名词；other后带名词复数；the
others指特定范围中其他的人或物，后不带名词。如：
(1)This
coat
doesn't
fit
me.Will
you
show
me
another
这外套不合身，请拿另一件给我看看好吗？
(2)Thirty
students
in
our
class
are
girls，and
the
others
are
boys.
我们班三十人是女生，其余的是男生。
6．注意下列句型：
One...the
other...
一个……另一个……
Some...others...and
still
others...
有的……有的……还有的……
7．not
与all，everybody，everyone，everything等连用，或“not
every＋名词”结构，都表示部分否定。如：
(1)Not
all
the
students
agree
with
this
opinion.
并非每个学生都同意这个观点。
(2)Not
everyone
is
interested
in
football.
并不是每个人都对足球感兴趣。
(3)Not
every
boy
likes
smoking.
不是每个男孩都喜欢吸烟。
8．everyone表示某一范围内的每个人，anyone意为任何人。如：
Everyone
of
Class
17
is
for
the
idea
to
go
outing.
17班的每个人都赞成郊游。
Anyone
with
common
sense
knows
it
is
impossible.
任何有常识的人都知道这是不可能的。
Ⅰ.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的代词。
1．When
I
was
a
child
in
1970s，my
family
was
very
poor，just
like
other
average
families
in
the
countryside.The
second hand
clothes，rain leaking
roof
of
old
house
became
part
of________memory.
2．In
the
early
years
of
1980s...my
childhood
dream
came
true.And
then，________dream
became
clearer
and
clearer
in
my
mind.I
must
try
my
best
to
escape
out
of
my
poor
and
backward
hometown.
3．The
little
boy
pulled________right
hand
out
of
the
pocket
and
studied
a
number
of
coins
in
it.
4．He
seldom
finished
his
work
because
he
repeatedly
checked
with
me
to
be
sure
he
hadn't
made
a
mistake.I
tried
my
best
to
build
up________self confidence.
5．Old
people
should
be
treated
as
fine
gold.
They
may
be
gradually
tarnished(失去光泽)
by
age，but
they
can
be
polished
with
respect.You
might
be
surprised
by________bright
and
shining
qualities.
6．An
increase
in
employment
opportunities
for
women
would
increase________household
power，the
report
said.
7．If
you
don't
put________heart
into
studies，you
tend
to
fall
behind
the
________students
in
your
class.
8．Do
you
want
me
to
come________Friday
or
next
Friday
9．I
think
you'll
find________chairs
more
comfortable
than
those
ones.
10．________
student
caught
cheating
in
examinations
will
be
severely
punished.
11．Some
of
my
classmates
are
diligent
while
the
________ones
are
quite
lazy.
12．God
helps________people
who
help
themselves.
13．Which
style
do
you
prefer？This
one
or
________one
14．The
eraser
was
passed
from
one
student
to
______one
and
it
finally
returned
to
the
teacher.
15．I
pay
a
visit
to
my
relatives
every
two
months.That's
to
say,
I
visit
my
relatives
every________month.
16．There
are
stores
on________side
of
the
street.In
other
words，stores
line________sides
of
the
street.
17．I
borrowed
two
magazines
from
Tom
the
other
day,
but
I
regretted
reading
them
because
I
found
________book
was
interesting
or
educational.
18．Salaries
are
much
higher
here
than________in
my
country.
19．There
is
no________thing
as
a
free
lunch
in
the
world.
20．There
is________in
his
words.We
should
have
a
try.
Ⅱ.在下文空白中填入恰当的代词。
“Without
the
ball,
I'm
half
complete
of
1.________，”Luis
Figo,
one
of
the
world's
greatest
football
players
once
said.
The
Portuguese
played
his
first
international
match
in
1991
at
the
age
of
18
and
has
kept
scoring
ever
since.
He
reached
a
new
mark
on
February
18
by
playing
2.________
one
hundredth
match
for
his
national
team
in
a
friendly
match
against
England.
A
crowd
of
more
than
30，000
fans
watched
and
cheered
for
3.________
in
Lisbon.“Figo,
Figo，”
4.________
(all,
both)
shouted
excitedly
when
he
walked
onto
the
field.
The
Real
Madrid
player,
31,
wants
to
help
his
country
in
Euro
2004
and
to
win
5.________
(another,
other)
Spanish
Cup
with
Real
Madrid.
Madrid
bought
Figo
from
FC
Barcelona
for
60.1
million
dollars
in
2000,
and
he
showed
6.________
(everyone,
anyone)
what
a
great
player
he
was
by
winning
FIFA's
Footballer
of
the
Year
award
in
2001.
“Figo
works
like
an
artist
and
has
the
skills
to
be
the
most
complete
player，”
said
FIFA
President
Joseph
Blatter
in
2001.
“Figo
7.________
is
a
real
leader
8.________
always
tries
his
best
on
the
field
and
a
good
team
player.
He
doesn't
have
any
problems
working
together
with
his
teammate
at
Real
Madrid,
star
footballer
David
Beckham.”
In
fact,
Figo
was
the
first
9.________
to
welcome
Beckham
when
he
arrived.
“We
have
a
strong
team,
and
we
can
help
one
10.________
and
work
together
to
be
successful，”Figo
said.
答案：
Ⅰ.1.my　2.another　3.his　4.his　5.their　6.their
7．your；other　8.this　9.these　10.Any　11.other
12．those　13.that　14.another　15.other　16.either；both　17.neither　18.those　19.such　20.something
Ⅱ.1.myself　2.his　3.him　4.all　5.another
6．everyone　7.himself　8.who　9.one
10．another
Ⅲ.下列各句都有一个错误，请改正。
1．The
quality
of
education
in
this
small
school
is
better
than
in
some
larger
schools.
2．To
warm
himself,
the
sailor
sat
in
front
of
the
fire
rubbing
one
bare
foot
against
the
another.
3．Niki
is
always
full
of
ideas,
but
no
one
is
useful
to
my
knowledge.
4．How
would
you
like
if
you
were
watching
TV
and
someone
came
into
the
room
shouting
loudly!
5．The
book
is
of
great
value.
Everything
can
be
enjoyed
unless
you
digest
it.
6．Today's
hospitals
are
different
from
that
of
the
past.
7．Given
one
more
week,
I'll
get
anything
ready.
8．Mr.Rod
prefers
a
restaurant
in
a
small
town
to
the
one
in
so
large
a
city
in
Beijing.
9.
The
ties
are
all
too
expensive
so
I'd
like
to
buy
one.
10．I
used
to
travel
to
Canada
and
was
surprised
at
it's
rich
natural
resources.
答案：
1．than后加that
2．another→other
3．no
one→none
4．like
后加it
5．Everything→Nothing
6．that→those
7．anything→everything
8．the
one→one
9．one→none
10．it's→its
二、it的用法考点透析
(一)it作为代词，与one，that的辨析
1．it
特指，代替单数可数名词，一般代替一个具体的事物，不带修饰成分。
(1)用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物。
－What's
this？－It's
a
pen.
——这是什么？——钢笔。
(2)代替指示代词this，that。
(3)表示时间、天气、距离、季节、明暗等。
How
far
is
it
to
New
York
It's
400
kilometers.
纽约有多远？
400公里。
2．one
(1)泛指，代替前面出现过的名词单数，避免重复。(用ones代替前面出现过的复数名词)。可用this/that/each/which及形容词修饰，也可与冠词连用，或带后置定语。如：
He
has
no
child，and
he
wants
to
adopt
one.
他没有孩子，想认养一个。
(2)作不定代词时，可以泛指人，意为“一个人，一种人”。如：
One
should
do
one's
duty.
人人应该尽责。
比较：There
was
a
piano
in
the
shop，so
I
decided
to
buy
it
at
once.
店里有一架钢琴，我决定立刻买下来。
(it
特指上文出现的piano,
与piano是同一事物)
I
wanted
to
buy
a
house
and
I'd
like
one
with
a
garden.
(one＝a
house)
我想买个带花园的房子。
There
are
many
good
flats
for
you
to
choose.Would
you
like
to
buy
one
有许多公寓让你选择，你要买一套吗？
(one＝a
flat,
one
指many
good
flats中的一个)
3．that
代替单数可数名词或代替不可数名词，只可带后置定语。只能代替物，不能代替人。those可指人，也可指物。在比较状语从句中，特指前面提到的同一类东西。
The
population
of
Shanghai
is
larger
than
that
of
Beijing.
上海的人口多于北京。
(二)it作为引导词
1．it
指时间时的重要句型
(1)It
is
(high)
time
(that)
主语＋should
do/did
sth.
It
is
(high)
time
that
this
problem
was
solved.
是时候解决这个问题了。
(2)It
is...since...
It
is
two
years
since
he
came
to
work
in
this
city.
自从他来到这个城市工作已经两年了。
(3)It
be...before...
It
will
be
three
years
before
we
can
meet
again.
我们要三年才能相见。
2．it
作形式主语的常用句型
(1)It
is/was＋adj.＋for/of
sb.to
do
sth.
It
was
difficult
for
her
to
move
so
heavy
a
box.
叫他搬这么重的箱子有点难。
(2)It
is/was＋adj.＋that...
It
was
clear
that
he
was
lying
to
us.
很明显他在对我们说谎。
(3)It
is＋V ed＋that...
It
is
reported
that
our
team
has
won
the
gold
medal.
据报道我们队获得了金牌。
(4)It
seems/appears/happens
that...
It
seemed
that
he
had
known
the
truth.
看来他已经知道了真相。
It
so
happened
that
I
was
standing
at
the
gate
when
the
guests
arrived.
客人到的时候我碰巧就站在门口。
(5)It
matters/doesn't
matter
that...
It
matters
a
lot
whether
he
will
agree
to
our
plan.
他是否同意我们的计划关系重大。
(6)It
is
no
use/no
good/no
harm
doing
sth.
It's
no
good
arguing
with
him.
与他争吵没好处。
3．it作形式宾语的常用句型(S代替主语，V代替谓语动词)
(1)S＋V＋it＋adj./n.＋to
do
sth.
We
consider
it
a
great
honor
to
be
able
to
host
the
2008
Olympic
Games.
我们认为能举办2008奥运会是极大的荣幸。
(2)S＋V＋it＋adj./n.＋doing
sth.
They
find
it
no
use
searching
the
empty
house.
他们发觉搜寻这座空房子没用。
Do
you
consider
it
any
good
trying
again
你认为再试一次没有任何好处？
(3)主语＋谓语＋it＋that/when...
I
don't
like
it
when
you
shout
at
me.
我不喜欢你对我大喊大叫。
4．强调句：It
is/was＋被强调成分＋who/that...
如：可对下列句子中四处画线部分进行强调。
We
saw
Tom
in_the_park
yesterday．
我们昨天在公园看见汤姆。
It
was
we
who/that
saw
Tom
in
the
park
yesterday.(强调人，可用who或that)
是我们昨天在公园看见汤姆的。
It
was
Tom
whom/that
we
saw
in
the
park
yesterday.(强调宾语)
昨天我们在公园看见的是汤姆。
It
was
in_the_park
that
we
saw
Tom
yesterday.(强调地点)
我们昨天是在公园看见汤姆的。
It
was
yesterday
that
we
saw
Tom
in
the
park.(强调时间)
我们是昨天在公园看见汤姆的。
温馨提示：
(1)It
is...that
不能用来强调谓语动词，强调动词要用“do＋动词原形”。如：
Do
come
early
tomorrow.
明天一定要早点来。
The
little
boy
did
work
out
the
problem.
小男孩的确做出了那个题目。
(2)强调时间、地点、某个事物时都要用that，而不能用when，where，which。
Ⅰ.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词。
1．Sarah
made
________
to
the
airport
just
in
time
to
catch
her
plane
this
morning.
2．No
matter
where
he
is,
he
makes
______a
rule
to
go
for
a
walk
before
breakfast.
3．If
you're
buying
today's
paper
from
the
stand,
could
you
get________for
me
4．She
said
that
________
was
very
important
to
make
the
students
understand
the
rule.
5．________was
high
time
that
we
should
settle
the
argument.
6．________was
in
the
school
library
that
I
met
the
famous
scientist.
7．The
employment
rate
has
continued
to
rise
in
big
cities
thanks
to
the
efforts
of
the
local
governments
to
increase
________．
8.We
have
various
summer
camps
for
your
holidays.You
can
choose
__________
based
on
your
own
interests.
9．—Silly
me!
I
forget
what
my
luggage
looks
like.
—What
do
you
think
of
________
over
there
10．Surprisingly,
Susan's
beautiful
hair
reached
below
her
knees
and
made________almost
an
overcoat
for
her.
Ⅱ.在下文空格中填入适当的代词。
My
Name
is
Li
Kang.
I
live
in
Shijiazhuang,
a
city
not
far
from
Beijing.
Today
is
my
first
day
at
Senior
High
school
and
I'm
writing
down
my
thoughts
about
it.
1．　　　　new
school
is
very
good
and
the
classrooms
are
amazing.
Every
room
has
a
computer
with
a
special
screen,
almost
as
big
as
a
cinema
screen.
The
teacher
is
a
very
enthusiastic
woman
called
Ms.
Shen,
whose
method
of
teaching
is
nothing
like
2.　　　　of
the
teachers
at
my
Junior
High
school.3.　　　　thinks
that
reading
comprehension
is
important,
but
4.　　　　speak
a
lot
in
class,
too.
I
don't
think
I
will
be
bored
in
Ms.
Shen's
class!
Today
we
introduced
5.　　　　to
each
other
in
groups.6.　　　　were
embarrassed
at
first
but
everyone
was
very
friendly
and
7.　　　　was
really
nice.
Ms.
Shen
gave
8.　　　　instructions
and
then
we
worked
by
ourselves.
Ms.
Shen
wants
to
help
us
improve
our
spelling
and
handwriting
with
spelling
games
and
other
activities.9.________of
us
like
her
attitude
very
much.
There
are
sixty five
students
in
my
class,
forty nine
of
whom
are
girls.
In
other
words,
there
are
three
times
as
many
girls
as
boys.10.　　　　say
that
girls
are
usually
more
hard working
than
boys,
but
in
this
class，everyone
is
hard working!
Ⅲ.请根据以下内容写一篇关于Lucy的短文
事件
露茜没有通过英语口语考试，这是很令人惊奇的，她不相信是真的。真遗憾，她竟然没有通过考试
原因
正是她的懒惰导致了她考试失败
打算
意识到努力学习、勤奋操练是很重要的，此后她更加努力学习
现状
她发现练习说英语很有趣而且也很有用，她喜欢自己能说流利的英语
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加情节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
Ⅰ.1.herself　2.it　3.one　4.it　5.It　6.It　7.it
8．one　9.that　10.itself
Ⅱ.1.My　2.that　3.She　4.we　5.ourselves　6.Some/We　7.it　8.us　9.All　10.They
Ⅲ.
答案：
It
was
very
surprising
that
Lucy
didn't
pass
her
oral
English
test,
and
she
couldn't
believe
it.However，it
is
a
great
pity
that
she
should
fail
in
the
test.In
fact,
it
was
her
laziness
that
led
to
her
failure
in
the
test.Thus,
she
realized
that
it
was
important
for
her
to
work
hard
and
practise
more,
so
she
has
been
working
hard
ever
since.
Now
she
finds
it
interesting
and
helpful
to
practise
speaking
English
and
she
likes
it
when
she
speaks
fluent
English.
第七讲　动词的时态和语态
一、动词的时态考点透析
1．常用的动词时态句子结构。(S＝主语，
do＝
动词原形，
does＝动词第三人称单数，did＝过去式，
doing＝现在分词，
done＝过去分词)
一般现在时：S＋do/does＋...
一般过去时：S＋did＋...
现在进行时：S＋am/is/are
doing...
过去进行时：S＋was/were
doing...
一般将来时：S＋will/shall＋do...
过去将来时：S＋should/would＋do...
现在完成时：S＋have/has
done...
过去完成时：S＋had
done...
现在完成进行时：S＋have/has
been
doing...
过去完成进行时：S＋had
been
doing...
2．在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来，这时主句要用一般将来时态。
(1)The
volleyball
match
will
be
put
off
if
it
rains.
如果下雨的话，排球赛就会推迟。
(2)If
city
noises
are
not
kept
from
increasing，people
will
have
to
shout
to
be
heard
20
years
from
now
on.
如果不阻止城市噪音增长的话，20年后人们就得大喊大叫才能让人听见。
3．一般现在时可表示主语具备的某种能力、某种性能。如：[]
(1)I
play
ping pong
quite
well，but
I
haven't
had
time
to
play
since
the
new
year.
我的乒乓球打得不错，不过自从新年后，我就没时间打球了。(“会打球”是主语具备的一种能力，不会短时间内消失，用现在时)
(2)－Can
I
help
you，sir
——我能帮你吗，先生？
－Yes，I
bought
this
radio
here
yesterday，but
it
doesn't_work．
——好的，我昨天在这里买了个收音机，可是它不能正常工作。(doesn't
work是主语的性能)
4．过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态，在答题时，一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。如：
(1)We
were
all
surprised
when
he
made
it
clear
that
he
would_leave
office
soon.
当他清楚地说很快就要辞职时，我们都惊呆了．
(2)－How
long
had_they_known
each
other
before
they
got
married
他们结婚前认识多长时间了？
—For
about
a
year.
——大约一年。
(3)Helen
had_left
her
key
in
the
office，so
she
had
to
wait
until
her
husband
came
home.
海伦把钥匙落在办公室了，所以她不得不等她丈夫回来。
5．leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等动词的现在时可表示计划安排好的将来，它们的进行时也可以表示将来的动作。如：
(1)The
train
leaves
at
four
o'clock.Let's
hurry.
火车四点出发，咱们快点吧。
(2)I've
won
a
holiday
for
two
weeks
to
Florida.I
am_taking
my
mum
together.
我赢得了去佛罗里达两周的假期，
我将带我妈妈一同前往。
6．be
going
to表示早就安排好的将来，或表示根据某种迹象判断将要发生的事情；will/shall表示临时决定要做的动作；be
to表示按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心；be
about
to表示马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。
(1)－What
are
you
going
to
do
this
evening
——今晚你打算做什么？
－I'm
going
to
see
a
film
with
my
friend.
——我打算和我朋友一起去看电影。
(2)－Haven't
you
known
Mr.Wang
is
ill
——你不知道王先生病了吗？
－Really
Then
I'll
go
to
see
him
instead.
——真的吗？那么我就去看王先生，不去看电影了。
(3)－How
about
seeing
a
film
tomorrow
——明天去看电影怎么样？
－Sorry，I
can't.I
am
to
take
the
driving
test.
——对不起，明天不行，我要考驾照。
7．如果句中有so
far，since，by
now，in
the
last
few
years，till
now，up
to
now等表示时间的短语，谓语动词只能用现在完成时。如：
(1)So
far
they
have
dug
more
than
100
wells
to
get
enough
drinking
water.
到目前为止，为了获取足够的饮用水，他们已经打了一百多口水井。
(2)I
have
been
busy
during
the
last
few
days.
最近几天我一直在忙着。
8．句型“It
is
the
first
time...”，“This
is
the
last
time...”中，从句的谓语要用现在完成时。句型“It
was
the
first
time...”，“This
was
the
last
time...”中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。如：
(1)This
is
the
first
time
I've
been
here.
这是我第一次来到这儿.
(2)That
was
the
second
time
that
they
had
witnessed
an
accident
at
the
crossing.
那是他们第二次在十字路口目睹事故发生。
9．句中的状语是“by
the
end
of＋过去时间”，动词用过去完成时。句中的状语是“by
the
end
of＋将来时间”，动词用将来完成时。如：
(1)By
the
end
of
last
term，we
had
learned
about
three
thousand
English
words.
到上学期末，我们大约学了3
000个英语单词。
(2)By
the
end
of
next
month，we
shall
have
finished
Book
Five.
到下个月末，我们已经学完了第五册。
二、动词的语态考点透析
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
做有关语态的题目可以分为两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。
被动语态的构成(以write为例)
1.进行时、将来时、完成时、情态动词的被动语态的谓语分别是be
being
done，will/shall
be
done,
have/has/had
been
done，情态动词＋be
done，不要遗漏任何部分。
All
the
work
must
be
finished
by
Friday.
所有工作都必须在周五前完成。
A
railway
is
being
built
to
connect
these
two
cities.
正在修建一条铁路连接这两个城市。
2．get＋过去分词表被动。
He
fell
and
got
hurt.
他摔了一跤，受伤了。
3．主动形式表被动意义。
(1)系动词look，feel，sound，smell，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn等＋形容词/名词。
The
dish
tastes
delicious.
这菜很好吃。
His
plan
proved
(to
be)
practical.
他的计划证明是可行的。
(2)be
worth
doing。
The
book
is
worth
reading.
这本书值得一读。
(3)need/want/require/bear＋doing
＝need/want/require
to
be
done
The
room
needs
cleaning.
＝The
room
needs
to
be
cleaned.
屋子需要打扫。
(4)be＋adj.＋to
do。
The
place
is
hard
to
find
in
the
map.
这个地方在地图上很难被发现。
(5)当句子的主语是物，同时又是动作涉及的对象，而动词又是表明主语本身的特性时，用主动形式表被动意义。这时，句末有一个表示方式的副词。
The
pen
I
bought
yesterday
writes
smoothly.
我昨天买的钢笔书写流畅。
The
cloth
washes
well.
这种布耐洗。
Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1．We________(tell)that
our
rooms
hadn't
been
reserved
for
that
week.
2．Suddenly，he
________(find)that
he
had
run
out
of
salt.So
Nick
called
his
son...
3．People
stepped
on
your
feet
or________(push)
you
with
their
elbows
(肘部)，hurrying
ahead
to
get
to
a
bargain.
4.When
Jane
got
home...
Her
mother
was
excited.
“Your
father
has
at
last
decided
to
stop
smoking，”
Jane______(inform)．
5.Being
too
anxious
to
help
an
event
develop
often________(result)in
the
contrary
to
our
intention.
6．When
I
saw
a
man
sitting
by
himself
waiting
for
the
library
to
open,
I
sat
down
next
to
him
and________(begin)
a
conversation.
7.Most
of
these
singers
so
far________(see)
music
as
a
“job”
because
it
is
a
good
source
of
ma