高三英语高考语法：让步状语从句课件
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课件41张PPT。The Adverbial
状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说
明动作或状态的特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 常见的状语有：
时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语、
结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、目的状语、
伴随状语等。状语从句Definition 在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、 形容词、副词等的从句叫做 “状语从句 ”。状语从句的类别状语从句1. 时间状语从句2. 地点状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 条件状语从句5. 让步状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 结果状语从句8. 方式状语从句9. 比较状语从句让 步 状 语 从 句定义：让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，表达一种退一步的条件。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：though和although（虽然，纵然）; while; as（虽然...但是...）; even if和even though（即使…纵使…）; whether...(or...)(无论是否或不管是…还是…); no matter + 疑问词（不管…都…）; 疑问词wh-ever等。让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。重点难点常考点although/ while/ even if/ wh-ever/ as/ whether等引导的让步状语从句状语从句的时态、语序（倒装）、省略、虚拟语气等从属连词的含义及用法比较让步状语从句的引导词——从属连词although/ though
Although/ though he was old, he worked hard. = He was old but he worked hard.注意一个典型的中式英语错误：although/ though 切不可与but连用！但可用yet, still。改错：Although it rained heavily, but they still
went out. 让步状语从句与并列句的区别
即学即练：
1. Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as
hard as a young man
A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet
2. Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you.
A. so B. and C. but D. yetAC
题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and/or/
but/ so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。
题2为并列句，而“Excuse …, but …”为一固定搭配。在
复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。even if 和 even though
even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”；
Most of us ignore the advice, even if/ even though we know it is true.
even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句有时用虚拟语气，如：Even if/ though you hadn't helped me, I will thank you.as if/ as though 是什么用法？as引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序：要把表语、状语或动词原形提前到句首。
1）表语的倒装（如果表语是名词，要省略冠词）：
Rich as he is, I don’t envy him.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
as2）谓语的倒装（动词原形前置到句首）：
Try as he would, he could not remember a word.
Search as they may, they can find nothing in the room.3）状语的倒装（不可在状语之前加very等修饰语）：
Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.
Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with him.whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever由连接代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句，引导词作从句中的主语或宾语，如：
Whoever (= No matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go.
Whomever (= No matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good.
Whatever (= No matter what) happens, keep calm.
We have no objection, whichever (= no matter which) you choose.
whatever 或whichever由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让步状语从句，引导词后常有名词出现，如：
Whatever (= No matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what 修饰名词difficulties。)
Whichever (= No matter which) method you use, the result is much the same.
however, wherever 或whenever由连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引导的让步状语从句，引导词作从句中的状语，如：
However ( = No matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time.
( however 既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰 difficult。)
Wherever ( = No matter where) they went, they were warmly welcomed.
Whenever (= No matter when) I’m unhappy, he cheers me up.
The dog follows me wherever (= no matter where) I go.
即学即练：
1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, _____ difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter
C. whatever D although
2、The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. A．however B．whatever
C．whichever D．wherever
3. English and French are taught here. You can choose _____ you like.
A. no matter which B. whichever
C. no matter what D. whateverno matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：
no matter wh- 引导让步状语从句时与 wh-ever通用。
No matter when/ Whenever he comes back, he should be welcomed.
wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， no matter wh-不能。如：
Whoever can help us will be welcome.whether…(or…)whether…(or…)引导的让步状语从句：
△ 这种让步状语从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前、之后或切割主句，如：
Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time.
Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it.
Whether or not it rains, I’m going tomorrow.
We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal.whilewhile 引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首（主句前），如：
While you may be right, I can’t altogether agree.
While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.即学即练：
1、 _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do
actually like the person.
A. While B. Since
C. Before D. UnlessA while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。 让步状语从句的时态问题
特别关注：
1. Although nobody ______ me company, I will go there alone.
A. keeping B. has kept
C. keeps D. will keepC 在让步状语从句（以及时间、条件状语
从句）中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，
即“主将从现”。The parents will wait for him for dinner, although/ though he comes back late.
No matter how/ However late he comes back, the parents will wait for him for dinner.
While he comes back late, the parents will wait for him for dinner.
Late as/ though he comes back, the parents will wait for him for dinner. 让步状语从句的语序问题注意：1. although/ even if/ even though引导让步状语从句时不倒装；
2. as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装；
3. though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装；
4. while引导让步状语从句常在句首（在主句前）；
5. however/ no matter how引导让步状语从句时后常接形容词或副词；
6. whatever/ whichever 以及no matter what/ which引导让步状语从句时后常接名词；涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装一、(表语)名词 + as/ though + 主语 + 动词.
Child as he is, he knows to help other.
Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything.
【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。 二、(表语)形容词 + as/ though + 主语 + 动词
Successful as he is, he is not proud.
【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。 三、（状语）副词 + as/ though + 主语 + 动词
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there.
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 四、动词原形 + as/ though + 主语 + 动词
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house.
【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词)。涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装五、分词+as / though+主语+动词
Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk.
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to advance forward. 涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装1：如果主句和让步状语从句的主语一致，从句中又有
“be”时，可省略主语和be。
Though (he was) meeting with the danger, the
boy kept calm.
Even if (we are) defeated a second time, we won't
lose heart.
2：even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句有时可
省略成even so/ even not。
We may fail again. Even so, we won't give it up.让步状语从句省略问题Though discovering several mistakes of his own, _________.
A. the boy won't correct them
B. the boy won't correct
C. we find the boy won't correct them
D. they are difficult to correct A让步状语从句省略问题省略后的让步状语从句中，
保留下来的非谓语动词必须和
句子的主语有逻辑联系！
1、让步状语从句连词的用法比较；
2、让步状语从句中的虚拟语气；
3、让步状语从句的时态问题；
4、让步状语从句倒装及省略问题；
5、让步状语从句与其它从句区别。小结：考点与难点归纳Start Practicing______ I accept that he is not perfect, I
do actually like the person.
While B. since
C. Before D. Unless
2. The workers are determined to go
through with their railway project, ____ the
expenses have risen.
as long as B. even though
C. now that D. as though3. ______, he knows more than other
children of his age.
A. However young child he is
B. Child as he is
C. No matter how young child is
D. What a young child he is
4. I really want the match, however much
______.
A. does it cost B. costs it
C. will it cost D. it costs5. ______ we have finished the course, we
shall start doing more revision work.
A. As if B. Now that
C. Even if D. Soon after
6. ______, the idea of having to work
under a woman defeated him.
Wanting the job very much
Although wanting the job badly
Though he wanted the job very much
He wanted the job badly7.（北京卷）29. _______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A. As B. When
C. Even though D. In case
【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析
【答案】C
【解析】本题的状语从句连词都是常用的连词。As由于，因为；随着；when当…时；even though即使，尽管；in case以防；句意：即使那个森林公园很遥远，但是每年都有很多游客到那里参观。根据句意可知上下文之间有转折关系，所以使用even though表示让步转折关系。故C正确。8.（江苏卷）21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.
A. though B. as
C. since D. unless
【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词辨析。Though尽管；as随着，因为；since自从，既然；unless除非，如果…不…；句意：尽管历史不能改变，但是为了面对未来我们还是要从历史中学会教训。根据句意可知上下文之间存在着转折关系，所以使用though表示让步和转折。故A正确。9.（山东卷）2. I don’t really like the author, _______ I have to admit his books are very exciting.
A. although B. unless
C. until D. once
【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词表示。Although尽管；unless除非，如果…不…；until直到…才…；once一旦；句义：尽管我承认这本书很精彩，但是我并不喜欢这本书的作者。根据句义可知上下文之间存在这转折关系，四个选项中只有A项表示上下文的转折。故A正确。10.【江苏】28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever B. whoever
C. wherever D. whichever
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。此处考查-ever引导的让步状语从句。通过分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代词ABD项，故答案选C。11.【辽宁】24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _______ full one's schedule is in life.
A. how B. what C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。此处考查no matter…引导的让步状语从句。副词how修饰形容词或副词，横线后为形容词full，故选how。no matter how= however(无论如何)。
12.【四川】7.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ he wants to.
A. even if B. as if C. because D. before
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意“他如此繁忙。他不可能抽出足够的时间来陪他的儿子——即便是他想那样做。”，可知答案选A。13.【天津】5. _______ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If C. Although D. Once
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意即可判断：这个公司虽然小，但是它在30多个国家有大约1000个采购商。此处状语从句连词后省略了句子的主语和be动词，即although (it is) small…。
14.（江西卷）29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you.
A. whenever B. however
C. whichever D. wherever15.（全国卷II）19. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
A. though B. whether
C. as D. since
16.（北京卷）29. __________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once
C. Unless D. While17.（四川卷）4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether B. although
C. for D. so
18.（辽宁卷）25. No matter how ________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be19.（陕西卷）19. _________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While C. If D. As
20.（重庆卷）30. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.
A. whichever B. whenever
C. whoever D. whereverThank you!
状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说
明动作或状态的特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 常见的状语有：
时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语、
结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、目的状语、
伴随状语等。状语从句Definition 在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、 形容词、副词等的从句叫做 “状语从句 ”。状语从句的类别状语从句1. 时间状语从句2. 地点状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 条件状语从句5. 让步状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 结果状语从句8. 方式状语从句9. 比较状语从句让 步 状 语 从 句定义：让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，表达一种退一步的条件。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：though和although（虽然，纵然）; while; as（虽然...但是...）; even if和even though（即使…纵使…）; whether...(or...)(无论是否或不管是…还是…); no matter + 疑问词（不管…都…）; 疑问词wh-ever等。让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。重点难点常考点although/ while/ even if/ wh-ever/ as/ whether等引导的让步状语从句状语从句的时态、语序（倒装）、省略、虚拟语气等从属连词的含义及用法比较让步状语从句的引导词——从属连词although/ though
Although/ though he was old, he worked hard. = He was old but he worked hard.注意一个典型的中式英语错误：although/ though 切不可与but连用！但可用yet, still。改错：Although it rained heavily, but they still
went out. 让步状语从句与并列句的区别
即学即练：
1. Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as
hard as a young man
A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet
2. Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you.
A. so B. and C. but D. yetAC
题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and/or/
but/ so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。
题2为并列句，而“Excuse …, but …”为一固定搭配。在
复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。even if 和 even though
even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”；
Most of us ignore the advice, even if/ even though we know it is true.
even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句有时用虚拟语气，如：Even if/ though you hadn't helped me, I will thank you.as if/ as though 是什么用法？as引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序：要把表语、状语或动词原形提前到句首。
1）表语的倒装（如果表语是名词，要省略冠词）：
Rich as he is, I don’t envy him.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
as2）谓语的倒装（动词原形前置到句首）：
Try as he would, he could not remember a word.
Search as they may, they can find nothing in the room.3）状语的倒装（不可在状语之前加very等修饰语）：
Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.
Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with him.whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever由连接代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句，引导词作从句中的主语或宾语，如：
Whoever (= No matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go.
Whomever (= No matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good.
Whatever (= No matter what) happens, keep calm.
We have no objection, whichever (= no matter which) you choose.
whatever 或whichever由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让步状语从句，引导词后常有名词出现，如：
Whatever (= No matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what 修饰名词difficulties。)
Whichever (= No matter which) method you use, the result is much the same.
however, wherever 或whenever由连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引导的让步状语从句，引导词作从句中的状语，如：
However ( = No matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time.
( however 既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰 difficult。)
Wherever ( = No matter where) they went, they were warmly welcomed.
Whenever (= No matter when) I’m unhappy, he cheers me up.
The dog follows me wherever (= no matter where) I go.
即学即练：
1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, _____ difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter
C. whatever D although
2、The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. A．however B．whatever
C．whichever D．wherever
3. English and French are taught here. You can choose _____ you like.
A. no matter which B. whichever
C. no matter what D. whateverno matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：
no matter wh- 引导让步状语从句时与 wh-ever通用。
No matter when/ Whenever he comes back, he should be welcomed.
wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， no matter wh-不能。如：
Whoever can help us will be welcome.whether…(or…)whether…(or…)引导的让步状语从句：
△ 这种让步状语从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前、之后或切割主句，如：
Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time.
Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it.
Whether or not it rains, I’m going tomorrow.
We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal.whilewhile 引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首（主句前），如：
While you may be right, I can’t altogether agree.
While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.即学即练：
1、 _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do
actually like the person.
A. While B. Since
C. Before D. UnlessA while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。 让步状语从句的时态问题
特别关注：
1. Although nobody ______ me company, I will go there alone.
A. keeping B. has kept
C. keeps D. will keepC 在让步状语从句（以及时间、条件状语
从句）中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，
即“主将从现”。The parents will wait for him for dinner, although/ though he comes back late.
No matter how/ However late he comes back, the parents will wait for him for dinner.
While he comes back late, the parents will wait for him for dinner.
Late as/ though he comes back, the parents will wait for him for dinner. 让步状语从句的语序问题注意：1. although/ even if/ even though引导让步状语从句时不倒装；
2. as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装；
3. though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装；
4. while引导让步状语从句常在句首（在主句前）；
5. however/ no matter how引导让步状语从句时后常接形容词或副词；
6. whatever/ whichever 以及no matter what/ which引导让步状语从句时后常接名词；涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装一、(表语)名词 + as/ though + 主语 + 动词.
Child as he is, he knows to help other.
Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything.
【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。 二、(表语)形容词 + as/ though + 主语 + 动词
Successful as he is, he is not proud.
【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。 三、（状语）副词 + as/ though + 主语 + 动词
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there.
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 四、动词原形 + as/ though + 主语 + 动词
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house.
【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词)。涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装五、分词+as / though+主语+动词
Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk.
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to advance forward. 涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装1：如果主句和让步状语从句的主语一致，从句中又有
“be”时，可省略主语和be。
Though (he was) meeting with the danger, the
boy kept calm.
Even if (we are) defeated a second time, we won't
lose heart.
2：even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句有时可
省略成even so/ even not。
We may fail again. Even so, we won't give it up.让步状语从句省略问题Though discovering several mistakes of his own, _________.
A. the boy won't correct them
B. the boy won't correct
C. we find the boy won't correct them
D. they are difficult to correct A让步状语从句省略问题省略后的让步状语从句中，
保留下来的非谓语动词必须和
句子的主语有逻辑联系！
1、让步状语从句连词的用法比较；
2、让步状语从句中的虚拟语气；
3、让步状语从句的时态问题；
4、让步状语从句倒装及省略问题；
5、让步状语从句与其它从句区别。小结：考点与难点归纳Start Practicing______ I accept that he is not perfect, I
do actually like the person.
While B. since
C. Before D. Unless
2. The workers are determined to go
through with their railway project, ____ the
expenses have risen.
as long as B. even though
C. now that D. as though3. ______, he knows more than other
children of his age.
A. However young child he is
B. Child as he is
C. No matter how young child is
D. What a young child he is
4. I really want the match, however much
______.
A. does it cost B. costs it
C. will it cost D. it costs5. ______ we have finished the course, we
shall start doing more revision work.
A. As if B. Now that
C. Even if D. Soon after
6. ______, the idea of having to work
under a woman defeated him.
Wanting the job very much
Although wanting the job badly
Though he wanted the job very much
He wanted the job badly7.（北京卷）29. _______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A. As B. When
C. Even though D. In case
【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析
【答案】C
【解析】本题的状语从句连词都是常用的连词。As由于，因为；随着；when当…时；even though即使，尽管；in case以防；句意：即使那个森林公园很遥远，但是每年都有很多游客到那里参观。根据句意可知上下文之间有转折关系，所以使用even though表示让步转折关系。故C正确。8.（江苏卷）21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.
A. though B. as
C. since D. unless
【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词辨析。Though尽管；as随着，因为；since自从，既然；unless除非，如果…不…；句意：尽管历史不能改变，但是为了面对未来我们还是要从历史中学会教训。根据句意可知上下文之间存在着转折关系，所以使用though表示让步和转折。故A正确。9.（山东卷）2. I don’t really like the author, _______ I have to admit his books are very exciting.
A. although B. unless
C. until D. once
【考点】考察状语从句连词辨析
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是状语从句的连词表示。Although尽管；unless除非，如果…不…；until直到…才…；once一旦；句义：尽管我承认这本书很精彩，但是我并不喜欢这本书的作者。根据句义可知上下文之间存在这转折关系，四个选项中只有A项表示上下文的转折。故A正确。10.【江苏】28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever B. whoever
C. wherever D. whichever
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。此处考查-ever引导的让步状语从句。通过分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代词ABD项，故答案选C。11.【辽宁】24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _______ full one's schedule is in life.
A. how B. what C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。此处考查no matter…引导的让步状语从句。副词how修饰形容词或副词，横线后为形容词full，故选how。no matter how= however(无论如何)。
12.【四川】7.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ he wants to.
A. even if B. as if C. because D. before
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意“他如此繁忙。他不可能抽出足够的时间来陪他的儿子——即便是他想那样做。”，可知答案选A。13.【天津】5. _______ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If C. Although D. Once
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意即可判断：这个公司虽然小，但是它在30多个国家有大约1000个采购商。此处状语从句连词后省略了句子的主语和be动词，即although (it is) small…。
14.（江西卷）29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you.
A. whenever B. however
C. whichever D. wherever15.（全国卷II）19. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
A. though B. whether
C. as D. since
16.（北京卷）29. __________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once
C. Unless D. While17.（四川卷）4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether B. although
C. for D. so
18.（辽宁卷）25. No matter how ________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be19.（陕西卷）19. _________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While C. If D. As
20.（重庆卷）30. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.
A. whichever B. whenever
C. whoever D. whereverThank you!