中考功能意念知识梳理中考真题赏析及典型题演练

功 能 意 念
【知识梳理】
《英语课程标准》中有关“功能意念”共包括社会交往、态度、情感、时间、存在、特征、计量、比较、逻辑关系和职业等11个项目、66个方面。本专题结合近年中考热点和难点对常用语进行整理(与其它专题内容重合部分略去)，以便大家巩固掌握。
项目 常 见 用 语
询 问 回 答
社会交往社会交往社会交往 问候 Hi! Hello! Good morning/afternoon/evening.How are you Please say hello to ....Please give my love/best wishes to .... Hi! Hello!Good morning/afternoon/evening.I’m OK. /Fine, thanks, and you /Very well, thank you.Sure. /All right.
介绍 My name is .... I’m a student .... I’m from England....This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms ....I’d like you to meet ....May I introduce ... Hello!How do you do Nice/Glad Pleased to meet/see you.
告别 Good-bye/Bye Bye-bye.Good night.See you later/then/tomorrow/soon.I’m sorry I have to go now. Good-bye/Bye Bye-bye.Good night. /See you.See you later/then/tomorrow/soon.
感谢 Thank you (very much).Thanks a lot.Thank you for your help.It’s very kind/nice of you. It’s a pleasure. / My pleasure.That’s OK/all right.You’re welcome.Don’t mention it.
道歉 Sorry / I’m sorry (for doing sth / to do sth).Excuse me, please.I beg your pardon.I’m sorry that .... That’s OK/all right. It’s all right.Never mind. It doesn’t matter.It’s nothing.Forget it.
邀请 Would you like to go for a walk You must come to dinner with us.May I invite you to dinner What/How about having a swim OK. Thank you. / I’d like that, thanks. / Yes, I’d love to. / That would be very nice.No, thank you. It’s very nice of you, but ....I’d love to, but I’m afraid ....I’m sorry I can’t. What about another time
请求允许 May I come in Can/Could I use your telephone Is it all right if I sit here I wonder if I could smoke here.Would/Do you mind if I open the window Yes, please. / Sure. / Certainly. / Please do. / That’s all right. / Of course, you can. I’m sorry, it’s not allowed. / I’m afraid not.You’d better not. / It’s not allowed.I’m sorry, but you can smoke in the next room.
祝愿和祝贺 Have a good day/time/journey/trip! Best wishes to you. / Enjoy yourself!Happy New Year! / Merry Christmas!Happy birthday (to you)!Wish you all the success! / Good luck!Congratulations (to you)! / Well done! Thank you.You, too.The same to you.
约会 Will you be free tomorrow Do you have time this afternoon How about tomorrow morning When/Wherre shall we meet Could we meet at 4:30 /Let’s make it 4:30. Yes, I’ll be free then.All right. See you then.I’m afraid I have no time then.Sorry, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free tomorrow.
打电话 Hello! May I speak to ... I’d like to speak to .... Is that ... speaking Extension six two two six, please.Can I leave a message I’ll call back later/again.I’ll ring him/her up again. Hello! This is ... speaking.Hold the line / Just a moment, please.Hello, who’s speaking Sorry. He/She isn’t here right now.Can I take a message Sorry. I can’t hear you. / The line is bad/busy.I couldn’t get through.Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
就餐 Would you like something to eat/drink What would you like (to have) Would you like some more fish Help yourself to some fish.Which do you prefer, ... or ... What would you like to drink Yes, I’d like a drink./I’d like rice and chicken.Just a little, please.Can I have some more soup It’s so delicious. Thank you.I prefer ... to .... / I like green tea.No, thank you. I’ve had enough. / I’m full.It’s very delicious, but I can’t eat any more.
就医 What’s the matter / What seems to be the trouble / What’s wrong with ... / Do you have a fever How long have you felt/been like this Nothing serious./ You’ll be all right soon.Take this medicine three times a day.Give up smoking and keep on taking more exercise. I have a headache/cough/fever.I feel terrible/bad/horrible/awful.I don’t feel well.I’ve got a pain here. / It hurts here.I don’t feel like eating.I can’t sleep well.
购物 Can I help you / What can I do for you How many / much would you like What color / size / kind would you like What about this one Here’s your change. I want/I’d like .... / Just have a look.How much is it/are they May I try it on / It’s too big/small.Sorry, it’s too expensive.Do you have any other colors/sizes/kinds Two and a half kilos/pounds, please.That’s fine. I’ll take it./Well, I’ll think about it.
问路 Excuse me. Where’s ... Can you tell me how to get to ... Excuse me. Which bus goes to ... Which is the way to ... Could you tell me the way to ... How can I get to ... It’s over there. / It’s about ... (kilo)metres here.Go down ... until you see the ....Turn right/left at the ... crossing/corner/turning.You can’t miss it.You can take bus No. ..../You’d better take a ....Sorry. I don’t know. I’m new/a stranger here.
谈论天气 What’s the weather like today How’s the weather in Beijing What a cold/hot day today!It’s a nice/fine/beautiful/horrible day today. It’s sunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy.It’s getting cool/cold/warm/hot.
语言交际困难 Pardon / I beg your pardon / I don’t understand. / I can’t follow you. / Could you repeat (say that) again, please / How do you say ... in English / I don’t know how to say ... in English. / How do you spell it, please / I’m sorry I only know a little English.
提醒注意 Don’t forget your raincoat. / Remember to lock the door. / Make sure that all the windows are closed. / Mind your head/step! No smoking/spitting! / Wet floor! / Look out! / Be careful! / Don’t touch! / It’s dangerous! (此外，同学们还要认识一些常见警示或标志牌所代表的含义。)
劝告 You’d better .... / You should .... / You need to .... / Don’t .... / Please ....
建议 Let’s .... / What/How about ... Why don’t you ... / Why not ...
态度 同意和不同意 Sure. / Certainly. / Exactly. / Of course. / All right. / I agree. / No problem. / That’s a good idea. / Yes, I think so. / No way. / Of course not. / I don’t agree. / I don’t think so. / I’m afraid not.
肯定和不肯定 I’m (quite) sure (of that). /There is no doubt that .... /It’s clear that .... /I’m not so sure. /I’m not sure of that. /I’m not sure whether/if .... /Maybe you are right. / It’s hard to say. / Perhaps ....
希望和愿 望 I wish/hope to .... / I hope (that) .... / I hope so. / I hope not.
表 扬和鼓 励 Very good! / Well done! / Wonderful! / Excellent! / You speak English very well. / Your dress is beautiful! / Come on! / Keep trying! / You can do it! Thank you. OK. I’ll try it again.
责备和抱 怨 What do you mean by doing so / How could you cheat your teacher / Why didn’t you tell me the truth / I’m sorry to have said that, but .... / Why don’t you do something about it
冷淡 I don’t care. / It doesn’t matter to me. / I don’t mind if you .... / It’s none of my business.
情感 高兴 How wonderful/nice! / That’s lovely/great/wonderful! / I’m so happy. / It’s well done. / I’m pleased to know that.
惊奇 Really / Oh dear! / Is that so / What a surprise! / How surprising! / I’m surprised. / Does that surprise you
忧虑 What’s wrong/up / What’s the matter / Anything wrong / What should we do / Are you worried about ...
安慰 There, there. / Don’t be afraid/worry. / It’s quite all right. / It’ll be OK/all right.
满意 Good! / Well done! / Perfect! / That’s fine/better. / That’s good enough. / I’m pleased with ....
遗憾 I’m so sorry! / It’s a great pity! / What a shame! / That’s too bad!
同情 I’m so sorry! / I’m so sorry about/to hear .... / Please accept my deep sympathy.
恐惧 Help! / How terrible! / I’m afraid of .... / I’m frightened. / I dare not do ....
愤怒 Damn! / What a stupid idiot! / Isn’t it annoying!
时间 日期：What’s the date today 星期：What day is it today 时刻：What’s the time/What time is it, please
职业 工作 What do you do / What’s your job / What’s your mother
【真题赏析】
1. —Come back quickly, Tom. —Sure, Mum. _______.
A. Please go ahead B. It won’t be long C. I’ll say it again D. Good idea (2010菏泽市)
赏析：本题综合考查“劝告”和“同意”的交际用语。结合题目语境，Tom答应Mum早回来，因此“时间不会长。”其它三个选项不能满足交际需要。答案为B。
2. —Maggie, I really love your handwriting. —________.
A. I practice every day B. Thank you very much
C. No, I don’t think so D. Well, it’s not good enough (2010苏州市)
赏析：本题要求学生关注中西方文化差异，当别人对你表示夸奖、赞美时，应表示感谢，而不应受汉语习惯影响选c或D。答案为B。
3. —I’m really sorry to have broken your coffee cup. —___________.
A. Good idea B. That’s all right C. I don’t think so D. You are welcome (2010上海市)
赏析：本题考查“道歉”后的应答语。从上面表格中可知，只有B项符合应答要求。
4. —Would you mind my using your dictionary —__________.
A. Yes, please B. Of course not C. You are welcome D. My pleasure (2010武汉市)
赏析：该题目考查有关“请求允许”方面的交际用语。A项回答前后自我矛盾；C和D为“感谢”后的应答语。答案为B。
5. This signmeans ______.
A . Go up B. No parking C. Don’t touch D. Don’t smoke. (2010浙江省东阳市)
赏析：本题考查表示“提醒注意”的警示牌，要求考生积累生活常识。答案为C
6. —The museum isn’t far from here. Why not go there by _______
—OK. And it’s good for our health.
A. B. C. D.
(2010 江苏省宿迁市)
赏析：本题考查“建议”类交际用语的同时要求学生联系上下文，捕捉暗示信息“isn’t far from”和“it’s good for health”，从而做出正确选择。答案为C。
7. 阅读下面对话, 从方框中选择五个最适当的句子完成对话。(2010 菏泽市，保留原题号)
A. HeyB. What’s wrongC. I am sorryD. are you nervousE. Not at allF. it sounds goodG. How do you feel
Jack: Hi, Steve!
Steve: (76) ________, Jack. How is it going
Jack: Great! (77)_______
Steve: I’m not feeling well.
Jack: Yeah (78)_______
Steve: Oh, I have an important English test tomorrow.
Jack: Well, (79)________
Steve: Yeah, a little.
Jack: Come on. Let’s go to play basketball.
Steve: Ok, (80)______.
赏析：76. 结合上句，该处应为“问候”后的应答。选A。
77. 结合下句答语I’m not feeling well.判断空白处应该询问“你感觉如何？”答案为G。
78. Jack因Steve“感觉不好”感到惊奇的同时询问“有什么麻烦事？”答案为B。
79. 结合题目后面标点“ ”和剩余选项的句式特点以及答语Yeah, a little，容易得出答案D。
80. 该题目综合考查“建议”和“同意”方面的交际用语，结合Ok，不难做出正确选择F。
【典题演练】
1. Which of the following signs means “No Fishing”
A. B. C. D.
2. —It’s my first time to make a speech before so many people. I’m too nervous.
—______, Wendy. Believe me, you can do it.
A. Come on B. Don’t mention it C. You’re right D. With pleasure
3. —Could you be so kind as to close the window —____ .
A. With pleasure B. My pleasure C. Yes, please D. That's OK
4. —Can you go to the movies —_________. What about meeting at seven
A. Sure, I ’d love to B. Yes, I can C. Sorry, I have to go to a doctor D. No, I can’t
5. —_______ do the dishes after dinner, Mike —Yes, sure.
A. Would you like B. Would you mind C. Could you please D. Do you want
6. Which of the following signs can be seen on the door of a shopping mall
A. B. C. D.
7. —Shall we raise some money for children of Zhouqu, Gansu Province —_______
A. I see. B. It’s a pleasure. C. I don’t believe it. D. That’s a good idea.
8. —Would you pass on my thanks to Lily — .
A. Yes, that’s right B. With pleasure C. It doesn’t matter D. No trouble
9. －Our family are travelling to Germany for the Beer Festival. －_________
A. Congratulations! B. See you later! C. Have fun! D. Take care!
10. —______! The traffic is moving fast! —Thanks, I will.
A. Stop B. Look out C. Watch D. Don't move
11. —Thanks for asking me to your party. —_______.
　　A. Never mind B. Don't say so C. My pleasure D. Yes, please
12. —Excuse me, ______ to the nearest bookshop, please
　 —Go straight and take the second turning on the left.
　 A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way
13. —Is Mr Smith really very ill —_______. He's in hospital.
　 A. I don't think so B. No, he isn't C. I hope so D. I'm afraid so
14. —___________ —Orange, I think.
　 A. What is it B. How is the food
C. What color do you think it is D. Is there any fruit around here
15. —Oh, no, we've missed the 8 o'clock train!
　　—________. There's another one in half an hour.
A. You're right B. That's all right C. You're welcome D.Don' t worry
16. —Which do you prefer, oranges or apples —________. I' d like bananas.
　 A. Yes, both B. Neither, thank you C. Sure, I would D. No, please
17. —_______ —We are looking for a pair of sports shoes.
A. What do you do B. What do you like C. Can I help you D. Do you need help
18. —My brother fell off this bike and hurt his leg. —_________
A. That's too bad B. He may be too careless
C. He should be careful D. Sorry to hear that
19. —Do you think it’ll stop raining by noon —_______, I want to go shopping.
A. I don’t think so B. I’m afraid not C. I hope so D. That’s a good idea
20. —How do you like your trip to Shanghai Expo —___________.
A. I like it very much B. It’s wonderful C. I’m not sure D. The same to you
参考答案：
【典题演练】1—5 CAAAC 6—10 CDBCB 11—15 CDDCD 16—20 BCDCB