中考数词知识梳理

数 词
【知识梳理】
数词分为______和______两大类。基数词表示__________；序数词表示__________。
一、基数词
1. 你能准确无误地写出1～19、十的整倍数和百、千、百万以及十亿这些基本词吗？
2. 把下面的口诀补充完整，总结较大数字的读写方法。
数字读写so easy，自右至左去分位。三位一体加逗号，thousand、million、billion读出来。千百位间______用，百十位间用“______”中。十个位间______，空位用“______”应记清。如：1,234,007读作one million, two hundred and thirty-four tousand and seven
3. 基数词表示具体数目时，hundred，thousand，million和billion等用______(单数/复数)，后面______(接/不接) of并跟名词复数；但在表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”以及“数十亿”等不确定数目时，hundred，thousand，million和billion等用______(单数/复数)，后______(接/不接) of再跟名词复数。
4. 表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的______或______。如：In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation of Russia, so he began to learn Russian.
5. “基数词-名词(-形容词)”构成复合形容词，往往在句中充当定语。注意其中的名词必须是______(单数/复数)______(可数/不可数)名词。
二、序数词
1. 完成下面的口诀，掌握基数词改为序数词的方法。
基变序，有规律，th词尾加上去。特殊词，单独记：1，2，3，要全变(______，______，______)；8去t(______)，9去e(______)，______要把ve替；ty改为______，切记先加字母______；如果遇到“几十几”，只变______位数就可以。
2. 序数词放在被修饰词前在句中做定语时，序数词前要加the；但序数词前有时也加a或an，表示“______”的意思。如：Though he have tried two times, he wanted to try a third time.
三、基数词和序数词的用法
1. 表示分数词 (1)构成：下面的口诀可以帮助你记忆分数词的构成，赶快完成里面的空格吧！______基(数词)，______序(数词)，分子大于1，分母加-s。
(2)当“分数词+of+名词”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于of后面名词的形式。如：①About three fifths of the workers in the clothes factory are women. ②Two thirds of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
2. 表示编号 序号在前时用序数词，序号在后时用基数词，且单词首字母在大小写方面不同。如：the fifth lesson，Lesson Five
3. 表示日期 英语日期表达有不同，读写规律应记清。顺序可以“月、日、年”，“日、月、年”也行得通。年代读法有两种：“千百”读法渐流行。传统读法分两位，基数词读法即分明。月份需读英单词，日期序数(词)不变更。如：2010年8月21日 读作:August (the) twenty-first, twenty ten 或August (the) twenty-first, two thousand and ten或the first of August, twenty ten
4. 表示时刻 时刻有两种读法：
(1)直接用基数词按“先小时再分钟”的方法读。如：10:38 读作ten thirty-eight
(2)用“分钟+past或to+小时”的方法表示。A. 当分钟数≤30时，读的方法是：当前分钟数+past+当前小时数。如：11:25读作__________；B. 当分钟数＞30时，读的方法是：(60－当前分钟数)+to+(当前小时数＋1) 如：8:55读作__________。
【真题赏析】
1. The number after twenty-nine is t________. (根据句意和首字母提示填空) (2010杭州市)
赏析：本题属于考查基数词书写的基础知识题目。学生只要懂得原句表达的意思“29以后的数字是什么”，不难写出thirty。
2. November is the e_______ month of a year. (根据句意和首字母提示填空) (2010潍坊市)
赏析：本题要求学生既要看懂原句表达的意思“十一月是一年中的第几个月”，还要区分基数词和序数词的用法区别：序数词表示事物的顺序。因此答案应为eleventh。
3. I got a beautiful bike on ______ birthday. I like it very much.
A. fifteenth B. fifteen C. my fifteen D. my fifteenth (2010 重庆市)
赏析：本题综合考查序数词的用法。由句意和bithday的形式可知用序数词；序数词作定语往往需要在其前面加定冠词the、名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。答案为D。
4. girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only few of them succeeded.
A. Million of B. Many million of C. One million of D. Millions of (2010定西市)
赏析：本题考查hundred，thousand，million和billion的用法。在表示具体数目时，hundred，thousand，million和billion等用单数，后面不接of，并跟名词复数；但表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”以及“数十亿”等不确定数目时，hundred，thousand，million和billion等用复数，后接of再跟名词复数。答案为D。
5. Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a _____ try.
A. third B. fourth C. fifth (2010绥化市)
赏析：本题考查“a/an+序数词”表示“又一；再一”的用法。由题意知“虽然我失败了4次，但我爸爸鼓励我再试一次”，应为第五次了。答案为C。
6. It is five years since we began to enjoy a ______ spring holiday each year.
A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten day’s D. ten-days (2009 杭州市)
赏析：本题考查复合形容词的构成方法：基数词+单数可数名词。故答案为A。它在用法上相当于ten days’。
7. I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam ______ easy.
A. three fourths, is B. third four, are
C. three fourths, are D. three fourth, are (2010 兰州市)
赏析：本题意为“我认为考试开始我所听材料的四分之三是容易的。”题目综合考查了分数词的表达方法，分数词3/4中分子3用基数词three表示；3大于1，故分母中序数词fourth要用复数形式；也考查了“分数词+of+名词复数”作主语的有关知识。当“分数词+of+名词”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于of后面名词的形式。答案为C。
8. –Which class won the match in the end
–I’m not quite sure. Perhaps _____ did.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three Class (2010聊城市)
赏析：本题考查“编号”时基数词和序数词的用法区别：序号在前时用序数词，形式为“the+序数词+名词”，序数词和名词首字母都不需大写；序号在后时用基数词，形式为“名词+基数词”， 序数词和名词首字母都要大写。答案为C。
【典题演练】
1. –I’ve cut the cake into ______ pieces. Which piece do you want
–The ______ one. It’s the biggest.
A. five; two B. fifth; two C. fifth; second D. five; second
2. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a ______ one.
A. three B. third C. forth D. /
3. –How many people came to Shanghai for the 41st Expo in 2010
–It’s hard to say. ______ people, I think.
A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions D. Two millions of
4. Everyone thinks the ______ Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008 was one of ______ games in history.
A. twenty-nine; more successful B. twenty-ninth; more successful
C. twenty-ninth；the most successful D. twenty-nine; the most successful
5. During World War II, a Jewish (犹太) lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her ______.
A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth
6. The river through our city, which is about ______, is clean again.
A. 6000 metres long B. 6000-metres-long C. 6000-metre-long D. 6000 metre long
7. –What's one fourth and a half, do you know
–Yes, it's _____.
A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixths
8. The foreign guests stayed in ______ last night.
A. Room 806 B. the Room 806 C. the 806 room D. 806 the room
9. –How far away is the small village from Moscow
–It’s about ______ kilometers.
A. seven hundred and twenty two B. seven hundred and twenty-two
C. seven hundreds and twenty-two D. Seven hundreds twenty-two
10. Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six
A. 85, 662 B. 85, 626 C. 58, 662 D. 58, 626
11. –What’s the time by your watch, please Is it 9:45
–Yes, it’s ______.
A. fifteen from ten B. a quarter to ten C. fifteen past nine D. a quater past ten
12. The People's Republic of China was founded _______.
A. on October the first , 1949 B. in October the first, 1949
C. on October one, 1949 D. on October first one, 1949
13. –Do you have enough students to carry the boxes？
–No，I think we need____ .
A. another B. two others 　C. more two D. two more
14. It is a pity that one third of the milk____ spilt out of the small pot.
　A. is B. are C. were D. come from
15. ______, Coca-Cola began to enter China’s market.
A. In 1970’s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s’ D. In the 1970s
16. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ______.
A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten mile’s walk D. tenth mile walk
17. My friend was born on _________.
A. three of July, 1996 B. the third of July,1996
C. 1996, July the third D. 1996, the third of July
18. I spent ______ in doing my homework yesterday.
A. a half and two hour B. two and a half hour
C. two hour and a half D. two and a half hours
19. Two fifths of the milk ______ by Tom .
A. drinks B. drink C. is drunk D. are drunk
20. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _______ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
参考答案：
【知识梳理】基数词；序数词；事物的数量；事物的顺序
一、基数词： 1. 略2. 逗号；and；连字符；and 3. 单数；不接；复数；接 4. 年龄；年代
5. 单数；可数
二、序数词：1. first；second；third；eighth；ninth；f；ti；e；个2. 又一，再一
三、基数词和序数词的用法：1. 分子；分母4. twenty-five past eleven；five to nine
【典题演练】1—5 DBBCA 6—10 ABABB 11—15 BADAD 16—20 BBDCB