课件44张PPT。Unit 2Fit for LifeAlexander FlemingHoward FloreyErnst ChainDo you know these scientists? In this unit, will learn something related to these men.
Before we start our lesson, think of some questions. What’s your ideal job in the future? Do you want to be a doctor? Why or why not? Discuss it with your partner. As we all know, health is very important to everyone. Do you know how to keep healthy?
right food
regular exercise
enough sleepLead-in
Look at the four pictures in the textbook carefully and answer the questions. You can discuss them with your classmates.Picture 1Who is the man in white?
What does a chemist do?A chemist.A chemist’s job usually involves preparing and selling medicines.What qualities does a person need in order to be a chemist?A chemist should have studied medicine, and be careful, practical and interested in chemistry. He or she needs to be patient as well, as a chemist needs to communicate with or introduce medicines to patients. Picture 2What happens to the person?
Do you know the origin of acupuncture?The person is receiving an acupuncture treatment on an ear. Acupuncture has its origin in China beginning before 1,000 BC.What can acupuncture do?
Have you ever had such an experience? What did it feel like?Acupuncture can help relieve body pains. Some people believe that acupuncture can help with things such as weight loss and quitting smoking.Picture 3What are the doctors and nurses busy doing?
What do you call the doctors who perform an operation on patients?They are performing an operation.Surgeons.Picture 4What is the girl doing?
What do you call the man testing the girl’s eyes?
Do you have good eyesight? How can you protect your eyes?She is having her eyesight examined to detect short-sightedness.An eye doctor.Do you know what they are? aspirinpenicillinHave you ever taken these medicines? What illness can the two medicines cure?
What else do you know about these two medicines?Two life-saving medicinesListen to the tape and try to find the answers to the following questions.
What are the two medicines mentioned
in the article?
Aspirin and penicillin.2. When was one of the medicines first sold as a tablet? 3. What did Fleming, Florey and Chain share? In 1900 aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet.They shared the Nobel Prize.Now read the passage carefully and answer some detailed questions.
When did people find that drinking a special tea could reduce fever and pain?
About 2,500 years ago.
2. When was ASA first made from other chemicals? In 1897.3. What other things can ASA help with besides reducing fever and pain?
It can also help reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood, prevent a stroke, reduce the risk of colon cancer, increase the length of people’s lives and help with diabetes.4. Where did Alexander Fleming find penicillin?
He found it in the mould that killed bacteria.
5. What illnesses can penicillin be used to treat?
It can be used to treat bacteria illnesses and other illnesses including pneumonia.6. Why were Fleming, Florey and Chain given the Nobel Prize in physiology or Medicine in 1945?
Because Fleming discovered penicillin and the others turned it into the great drug which saved millions of lives.Part C2sold in shops as a tablet19001928discovered by Alexander FlemingWorld War IIfound new chemical techniques to purify itall the scientists shared the Nobel Prize1945as the best-selling painkiller recorded in the Guinness Book1950proved to be a blood-thinning medicineused to prevent a strokeused to reduce blood sugar levelsPart C2197119772003After you read the passage twice, can you conclude the effects of aspirin and penicillin?Effects of aspirinreduce fever
help stop body pains
reduce the risk of heart attacks
prevent a stroke
reduce the risk of colon cancer
increase the length of people’s lives
help with diabetesEffects of penicillinhelp in treating wounds and infections
treat other illnesses including pneumoniaLanguage pointsThis article will focus on two medicines that have changed people’s lives.
focus on 集中于
When listening to a lecture, you should focus on the speaker’s main points.
同义词：concentrate onThe date that aspirin was invented is …, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from …
recommend 意为“推荐，建议”，常接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。
I recommend their pizza.
He recommended buying an English-English dictionary.
My English teacher often recommends that we (should) read as many English short stories as possible. It was in 1897 that a European…for his father.
强调句：It is/was +被强调部分 ＋that +其它部分
此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of the affairs. 再如：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father that / who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. （注意不用when）
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 强调句的连词只有两个，that或who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 who，其余情况都用that。如果被强调的部分为人称代词，且与其后从句中的动词有主谓关系，该代词要用主格，而且从句中的动词要与之保持一致，强调人称that可用who代替。
It is he who is to blame.
It is you and he who are to be sent abroad.强调句的特殊问句结构：
疑问词+is / was + it +被强调部分+that +其它部分
Who was it that broke the window?
Why is it that everyone thinks I’m a fool?
The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company …
trial 试验，试用
The new medicine had gone through a number of medical trials before it was mass produced.
trial 还有询问，审讯的意思
He's on trial for his work. Not only has aspirin saved many people’s lives …but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.
not only… but also 不仅……而且
当not only…but also 连接两个句子时, not only在句首,其后的句子要倒装，but also后的句子不倒装。
Not only does he write the words to the songs, but also he composes the music.
如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语作主语，不用倒装结构。如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music.其它倒装结构：
1. only 修饰的状语放在句首时，要倒装，修饰主语时不倒装。
Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 2. 以否定词开头部分倒装。
Never / Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒装。例如：
Never shall I forget the days when we were together.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
Little did I expect to get such a warm welcome.
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin … in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked.
本句为并列句，其中第二个并列分句是一个结构复杂的复合句。“that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent … in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked” 是动词showed的宾语从句，其中又含有一个以which引导的非限制性定语从句which is a type…are blocked，修饰先行词stroke。carried out in the USA是过去分词短语，在这里作a study 的后置定语。Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.
try something out on 在……上试用某物
The drug has not been tried out on humans yet.He named the chemical found in the mould ‘penicillin’ and tried to make it pure to be a medicine, but was unable to do that.
be unable to 不能，不会
I tried hard to get in touch with him but was unable to . It was not until World War II that two other scientists …managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it.
1).这是一个强调句。在not …until 的结构中，主句为否定句，如果句子较长，习惯上常用not until强调后边情况，此时主句要倒装。
Not until I have finished my task, shall I be able to go out to the movies.
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.
Not until next week will the sports meet be held.
2). not until的强调结构为:
It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+...
上面三句改为强调句为:
It is not until I have finished my task, I shall be able to go out to the movies.
It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.
It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held. Due to the widespread use of penicillin, many lives were saved during World War II.
due?to:??因…引起；可归于…?? 引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、定语和状语。
This?accident?was?due?to?his?carelessness.
His?illness?was?due?to?overwork.?
So, although Fleming discovered penicillin, it was over a decade before someone … 20th century.
it is (was/will be) … before
过了（一段时间之后）才……
It will be many years before we meet again.
要过许多年后我们才能再次相见。What do you think the world would be like if there were no medicines?
Do you believe that ‘wonder drugs’ will be invented to treat diseases like AIDS in the future?DiscussionHomework Write a brief introduction to the two medicines.
Finish the exercises in the workbook.
