强调和倒装
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倒装和强调
倒装句和强调句这两个结构都用来加强表达的语气，但用了不同的结构形式，考查主要集中在:①倒装句的谓语动词形式 ②倒装句中副词的位置③状语从句中的倒装④强调句式中的链 接词⑤强调句与定语从句和宾语从句的区别.
倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装
谓语全部在主语之前为完全倒装。而谓语的一部分〈如助动词、连系动词be、且情态动等)在主语之前为部分倒装.
句子倒装或是出于语法上的要 求(如疑问句、某些非真实条件句等.或是由于行文的需要(把 个成分放在句首，使之与上文的在系更加紧密) ，或者是为使 写更为生动。但是，在大多数情况下；倒装乃是为了强调句中 某个成分。
完全倒装
1 There be句型表示·存在时.要倒装，且be与其后紧 跟着的主语保持数的一致.其中有时可用live， stand，lie; happen， appear， come， remain代替。
例如:There is a cup and two books on the desk
桌上有一个茶杯和两本书。
There lived a king long long ago.从前，有位国王。
2.以here， there， now， then， such等副词开头的句子，或谓语为go， come等时用倒装。
例如: Here is the book you want你要的书在这儿。
There goes the bell铃响了。
Now comes your turn现在轮到你了。
Then came the order to take of.起飞的命令到了。
上述情况中，若主语为人称代词，而不是名词的话，则 用倒装。
例如:There he comes.他来了。
Here they are.他们在这儿。
3.副词In，out，away，up，down，of等也可以放在句首，用倒 。
例如:Away flew the bird! 鸟飞走了!
Down went the boat! 船沉了!
但 Up went the rocket into the air. 火箭上了天。
上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。
例如: Away they went.他们走了。
Over it turns! 它翻过来了。
4.当句首为表示地点的介词词组，并且谓语为不及物动词， sit， live， stand， run， come等，主语为名词时，也常引起全部倒装
例如:On her left sat her husband.她左边坐着她丈夫。
Beyond the river lives an old fish man .有个老渔夫住在河的对岸
部分倒装。
1以only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句作状语位于句首，采用部分倒装。如不在句首或虽在句首但only不修饰状语用正常语序。例如:
Only by working hard can one succeed.只有努力才能成功。
Only I can go there. (正常)只有我才能去那里。
2.否定意义或否定形式的词或词组放在句首时，应采用部中倒装。如不居于句首则用正常语序。这类词或词组常用的"seldom， little， few， hardly， never， rarely， scarely， not a bit （一点也不) ，not until (直到......才) ; hardly. . . when; no sooner . .than(一……就……); at no time(从不) ，by no means(决不)， in no case(决不)， in vain(无效，没有用) ，on no condition(决不)等。
如:Little did I know that she had already left
3 以 So； neither； nor 开头的表示也（不）等
They can leave now， so can we.
He didn't see the film last night， neither did she. 他昨晚没看电影，她也没看。
4 以加强语气 so+形容词/副词. . . that. . 或 such+形容词十名词.that. 将形容词/副词提到句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装
( so和such部分要倒装， that从句不倒装)。
例如: So dark was it that he couldn't see the faces of his companions.天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。
Such was the force of explosion that al the windows were broken。爆炸的力量很大，把所有窗户都震破了。
5. 以as引导的让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。 though引导的让步状语从句也可以用这种形式，但也可以用正常结构。其结构一般为"adj. /adv. v. -ed/以-ing/n. + as though+主语+谓语"。
例如:Young as/though she is， she has seen much of the word. 她虽然年轻，但却见过很多世面。
Woman as she is， she is courageous.她虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。
6. 省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were，助动词had或情态动词should等，可省去if把 were，had或should移到主语之前。
例如:Were I you，I would take his advice. 如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。
Should it rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put of.万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。
谓语不倒装的三个倒装句型:
1．感叹句
How happy the children are! (表语前置)孩子们多幸福啊!
What a lovely birthday present the old lady has received!(宾语前置)这位老太太收到一份多好的生日礼物啊!
2．The more. . . the more. . .句型
The harder you work， the happier you feel (状语前置，表语 前置)
你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐。
The more you study， the more you know. (宾语前置)
你学得越多，知道的就越多。
3．Whatever / However +adj. /adv.引导让步状语从句的 句型
However difficult the problem may be， we must work it out this morning.
无论这个问题有多困难，今天上午我们必须解决它。
强调句型
强调句型是通过it强调词来改变句子结构，使句子的某部分受到强调而构成的强调结构。
原句: I met Jack in the supermarket yesterday. 我昨天在超市遇到杰克。
强调主语: It was I that/who met Jack in the supermarket yesterday.是我昨天在超市遇到杰克的。
强调宾语: It was Jack that/who/whom I met in the supermarket yesterday.我昨天在超市遇到的是杰克。
强调地点状语: I was in the supermarket that I met Jack 我昨天是在超市遇到杰克的。
强调时间状语: I was yesterday that I met Jack in the supermarket.我是昨天在超市遇到杰克的。
Is/Was十it+所强调的成分十that/who/whom . .
例如: Was it Jack that/who/whom you met in the supermarket yesterday 你昨天在超市遇到的是杰克吗
疑问词+ is/was十It十that/who/whom . .
例如:Who was it that/who/whom you met in the supermarket yesterday 你昨天在超市遇到的是谁
（1）"not. .. untiL.. "句型的强调结构为"It is/was not until that."
应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。
例如: 原句: I didn't go home until the rain stopped.
强调句: I was not until the rain stopped that I went home. 直到雨停了我才回家。
（2)强调句型与相关句型的辨析 (1与定语从句的辨析)
①I was in the factory that they met for the first time.是在这家工厂，他们第一次相遇。
②I was the factory where they met for the first time. 这是他们第
一次相遇的工厂。
句①为强调句型，强调的是地点状语in the factory，该句可还原为:They met in the factory for the first time. 句①为含有一个定语从句的主从复合句，where引导的定 语从句修饰先行词the factory，并在从句中作地点状语，不可用 that。
(2)与主语从句的辨析:
③It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.
他们要去游览的是长城。
④It's true that they are going to visit the Great Wall
他们要去游览长城是真的。
句③为强调句型.强调的是宾语the Great Wall，该句可还 原为: They are going to visit the Great Wall
句④为含有一个主语从句的复合句， that引导的从句是句 子的真正主语， it为形式主语，该句可改为: That they are going to visit the Great Wall is true.
(3) 与状语从句的辨析:
⑤I was at 8 0' cock that he arrived home. 是在八点钟他到的家。
⑥I was 8 0' cock when he arrived home.
⑤为强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 8 o'clock，该句可为He arrived home at 8 0' cock。
⑥为含有时间状语从句的主从复合句。
3) It is/was. . . that. . .结构一般不能强调谓语，如需强调时，用助动词do，does或did。
例如: Do come this evening. 今晚一定要来。
He did write to you last week
他上周确实给你写信了。
练习
1 It was in Newzealand Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.(08全国卷‖20 )
A that B how C which D when
2 Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them(08重庆市26)
A I realized B I had realized C had I realized D did I realized
3 Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it ( 08 陕西省7)
A he stopped B did he stop C stopped he D he did stop
4 It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes.
(08年江西省31)
A the residents would be permitted B had the residents be permitted
C would the residents be permitted D the residents had been permitted
5. -My room gets very cold at night. （ 07江苏省31题）
A So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine does
6. , his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. （07重庆34）
A Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
7. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, seldom so lonely as now.（07辽宁23 ）
A have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt
8. Little that we were watching his every move, so seemed to be going his own way in this business.（ 07安徽22）
A. he realized B. he didn't realize
C. didn't he realize D. did he realize
9. that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere（ 07陕西10）
A So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
10. -How was the televised debate last night （07上海31）-
----Super! Rarely so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted C. a debate did attract
B. did a debate attract D. attracted a debate
11. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding.（ 07全国31）
A like B. as C. or D. but
12. It is not who is right but what is right ------ is of importance.（ 07重庆27）
A which B. it C. that D. this
1-12 ADBC CBBCB CCA.
倒装句和强调句这两个结构都用来加强表达的语气，但用了不同的结构形式，考查主要集中在:①倒装句的谓语动词形式 ②倒装句中副词的位置③状语从句中的倒装④强调句式中的链 接词⑤强调句与定语从句和宾语从句的区别.
倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装
谓语全部在主语之前为完全倒装。而谓语的一部分〈如助动词、连系动词be、且情态动等)在主语之前为部分倒装.
句子倒装或是出于语法上的要 求(如疑问句、某些非真实条件句等.或是由于行文的需要(把 个成分放在句首，使之与上文的在系更加紧密) ，或者是为使 写更为生动。但是，在大多数情况下；倒装乃是为了强调句中 某个成分。
完全倒装
1 There be句型表示·存在时.要倒装，且be与其后紧 跟着的主语保持数的一致.其中有时可用live， stand，lie; happen， appear， come， remain代替。
例如:There is a cup and two books on the desk
桌上有一个茶杯和两本书。
There lived a king long long ago.从前，有位国王。
2.以here， there， now， then， such等副词开头的句子，或谓语为go， come等时用倒装。
例如: Here is the book you want你要的书在这儿。
There goes the bell铃响了。
Now comes your turn现在轮到你了。
Then came the order to take of.起飞的命令到了。
上述情况中，若主语为人称代词，而不是名词的话，则 用倒装。
例如:There he comes.他来了。
Here they are.他们在这儿。
3.副词In，out，away，up，down，of等也可以放在句首，用倒 。
例如:Away flew the bird! 鸟飞走了!
Down went the boat! 船沉了!
但 Up went the rocket into the air. 火箭上了天。
上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。
例如: Away they went.他们走了。
Over it turns! 它翻过来了。
4.当句首为表示地点的介词词组，并且谓语为不及物动词， sit， live， stand， run， come等，主语为名词时，也常引起全部倒装
例如:On her left sat her husband.她左边坐着她丈夫。
Beyond the river lives an old fish man .有个老渔夫住在河的对岸
部分倒装。
1以only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句作状语位于句首，采用部分倒装。如不在句首或虽在句首但only不修饰状语用正常语序。例如:
Only by working hard can one succeed.只有努力才能成功。
Only I can go there. (正常)只有我才能去那里。
2.否定意义或否定形式的词或词组放在句首时，应采用部中倒装。如不居于句首则用正常语序。这类词或词组常用的"seldom， little， few， hardly， never， rarely， scarely， not a bit （一点也不) ，not until (直到......才) ; hardly. . . when; no sooner . .than(一……就……); at no time(从不) ，by no means(决不)， in no case(决不)， in vain(无效，没有用) ，on no condition(决不)等。
如:Little did I know that she had already left
3 以 So； neither； nor 开头的表示也（不）等
They can leave now， so can we.
He didn't see the film last night， neither did she. 他昨晚没看电影，她也没看。
4 以加强语气 so+形容词/副词. . . that. . 或 such+形容词十名词.that. 将形容词/副词提到句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装
( so和such部分要倒装， that从句不倒装)。
例如: So dark was it that he couldn't see the faces of his companions.天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。
Such was the force of explosion that al the windows were broken。爆炸的力量很大，把所有窗户都震破了。
5. 以as引导的让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。 though引导的让步状语从句也可以用这种形式，但也可以用正常结构。其结构一般为"adj. /adv. v. -ed/以-ing/n. + as though+主语+谓语"。
例如:Young as/though she is， she has seen much of the word. 她虽然年轻，但却见过很多世面。
Woman as she is， she is courageous.她虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。
6. 省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were，助动词had或情态动词should等，可省去if把 were，had或should移到主语之前。
例如:Were I you，I would take his advice. 如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。
Should it rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put of.万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。
谓语不倒装的三个倒装句型:
1．感叹句
How happy the children are! (表语前置)孩子们多幸福啊!
What a lovely birthday present the old lady has received!(宾语前置)这位老太太收到一份多好的生日礼物啊!
2．The more. . . the more. . .句型
The harder you work， the happier you feel (状语前置，表语 前置)
你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐。
The more you study， the more you know. (宾语前置)
你学得越多，知道的就越多。
3．Whatever / However +adj. /adv.引导让步状语从句的 句型
However difficult the problem may be， we must work it out this morning.
无论这个问题有多困难，今天上午我们必须解决它。
强调句型
强调句型是通过it强调词来改变句子结构，使句子的某部分受到强调而构成的强调结构。
原句: I met Jack in the supermarket yesterday. 我昨天在超市遇到杰克。
强调主语: It was I that/who met Jack in the supermarket yesterday.是我昨天在超市遇到杰克的。
强调宾语: It was Jack that/who/whom I met in the supermarket yesterday.我昨天在超市遇到的是杰克。
强调地点状语: I was in the supermarket that I met Jack 我昨天是在超市遇到杰克的。
强调时间状语: I was yesterday that I met Jack in the supermarket.我是昨天在超市遇到杰克的。
Is/Was十it+所强调的成分十that/who/whom . .
例如: Was it Jack that/who/whom you met in the supermarket yesterday 你昨天在超市遇到的是杰克吗
疑问词+ is/was十It十that/who/whom . .
例如:Who was it that/who/whom you met in the supermarket yesterday 你昨天在超市遇到的是谁
（1）"not. .. untiL.. "句型的强调结构为"It is/was not until that."
应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。
例如: 原句: I didn't go home until the rain stopped.
强调句: I was not until the rain stopped that I went home. 直到雨停了我才回家。
（2)强调句型与相关句型的辨析 (1与定语从句的辨析)
①I was in the factory that they met for the first time.是在这家工厂，他们第一次相遇。
②I was the factory where they met for the first time. 这是他们第
一次相遇的工厂。
句①为强调句型，强调的是地点状语in the factory，该句可还原为:They met in the factory for the first time. 句①为含有一个定语从句的主从复合句，where引导的定 语从句修饰先行词the factory，并在从句中作地点状语，不可用 that。
(2)与主语从句的辨析:
③It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.
他们要去游览的是长城。
④It's true that they are going to visit the Great Wall
他们要去游览长城是真的。
句③为强调句型.强调的是宾语the Great Wall，该句可还 原为: They are going to visit the Great Wall
句④为含有一个主语从句的复合句， that引导的从句是句 子的真正主语， it为形式主语，该句可改为: That they are going to visit the Great Wall is true.
(3) 与状语从句的辨析:
⑤I was at 8 0' cock that he arrived home. 是在八点钟他到的家。
⑥I was 8 0' cock when he arrived home.
⑤为强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 8 o'clock，该句可为He arrived home at 8 0' cock。
⑥为含有时间状语从句的主从复合句。
3) It is/was. . . that. . .结构一般不能强调谓语，如需强调时，用助动词do，does或did。
例如: Do come this evening. 今晚一定要来。
He did write to you last week
他上周确实给你写信了。
练习
1 It was in Newzealand Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.(08全国卷‖20 )
A that B how C which D when
2 Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them(08重庆市26)
A I realized B I had realized C had I realized D did I realized
3 Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it ( 08 陕西省7)
A he stopped B did he stop C stopped he D he did stop
4 It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes.
(08年江西省31)
A the residents would be permitted B had the residents be permitted
C would the residents be permitted D the residents had been permitted
5. -My room gets very cold at night. （ 07江苏省31题）
A So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine does
6. , his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. （07重庆34）
A Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
7. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, seldom so lonely as now.（07辽宁23 ）
A have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt
8. Little that we were watching his every move, so seemed to be going his own way in this business.（ 07安徽22）
A. he realized B. he didn't realize
C. didn't he realize D. did he realize
9. that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere（ 07陕西10）
A So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
10. -How was the televised debate last night （07上海31）-
----Super! Rarely so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted C. a debate did attract
B. did a debate attract D. attracted a debate
11. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding.（ 07全国31）
A like B. as C. or D. but
12. It is not who is right but what is right ------ is of importance.（ 07重庆27）
A which B. it C. that D. this
1-12 ADBC CBBCB CCA.