英语被动语态讲解及练习（含答案）

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英语被动语态讲解及练习
一、被动语态的含义
　英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”
二、被动语态的结构
　那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）：
　His bicycle was stolen.
　The building has been built in 2000.
　通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：
　　　　　be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)
三、被动语态的运用
　什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：
　（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：
　Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。）
　The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。）
　He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。）
　Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。）
　（2） 需要强调动作的对象时。例如：
　Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
（计算器不能用于数学考试。）
　Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）
　He was awarded first prize in that contest.
（他在比赛中获得了第一。）
　（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：
　The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。） 　
四、各种时态的被动语态举例
　一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：
1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般将来时的被动语态:
(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词
(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done
　例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态
1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。
例1.
主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.
被动语态：英语被说。　English is spoken in many countries..
例2.
主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.
被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.
2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。
例1.
主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.
例2.
主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.
例3.
主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.

被动语态复习 ABC
A．熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：
一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．
一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．
一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋p．p．
现在完成时：have ／has been ＋p．p．
现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．
过去将来时：should ／would be ＋p．p．
含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：
① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people．
A．speak
B．is speaking
C．speaks
D．is spoken
（② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school．
A．were told
B．is telling
C．was told
D．tells
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China．
A．must
B．must be
C．has
D．have
B．明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
2．强调动作的承受者。例如：
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy．
（C．熟练转换
1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。
2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once．
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句）
（② Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）
Where ______ vegetables ______ ？ D．注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：
① He told us a story．（变被动语态）
→We were told a story（by him）．或：A story was told to us by him．
② Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother．
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library．
A．take away
B．taken away
C．are taken away
D．be taken away
② She will take good care of the children．（变被动语态）
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）．
（3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．
（4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。例如：
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city．
A．be building
B．build
C．be built
D．built
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）
→By whom has the cup been broken？
E．注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：
The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构）
The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）
2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：
He was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）
F．牢记（相关）句型
初中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
1．be covered with被……覆盖
2．be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）
be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）
be made in由（某地）制造
be made by被（某人）制造
3．be used for被用来……
be used as被当作（作为）……来使用
be used to do sth．被用来做某事
4．It is said that．．．据说……
It is hoped that．．．希望……
It is well known that．．．众所周知……例如：
①—Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？
—Yes．It's ———— Shanghai．
A．made of；made by
B．made of；made in
C．made for；made by
D．made for；made in
② This machine is used ______ the room wet．
A．for keeping
B．as keeping
C．keep
D．to keeping
③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing．
（四）几种特殊的被动语态
１．带不定式的被动语态。
The child is sure to be punished for that. 那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。
2. 带介词的动词短语的被动语态。
Such a thing has never been heard of. 这件事前所未闻。
3. 带副词的动词短语的被动语态。
The radio has just been turned off. 收音机刚刚被关上。
4. 当sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等动词若有状语well, easily, badly来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。
The pen writes well. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。
　　　The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
( )6.How many trees ____ this year
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______ --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( )10.Who _____ this book _____
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put
( )14.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after
( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of
They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.
10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library
11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city
16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
17. Look! Someone __________(dance).
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）
_______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．
3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)
How_______ _______ the work going to be finished
4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.
5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)
Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.
7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.
8.They are watching the football match.
The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.
9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago (改为被动语态)
__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago
10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)
The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.
11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)
The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.
四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)
①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week．
②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？
③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow.
五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）
①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________
②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________
③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________
④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________
⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed _____________
冀教九年级上第五单元英语测验
一． 用所给词的适当形式填空20%
1. Bill Gates_____(devote) himself to the computer business.
2. A lot of______(soldier) lost their______(life) in the water.
3. In the Anti-Japanese war, Bethune worked in the _______(north) part of China .
4. The doctor are _______(operate) on the patient.
5. It is ______(produce) in our country.
6. Why is there so much______(血 ) on the floor
7. Is China a ______(发展 ) country
8. There is _____(没有东西 ) in the room.
9. Hellen ____(树立 ) an example for us.
10. It is _____(据说 ) that there will be a football game at 2:00 this afternoon.
二 单项选择30%
1. During his life time, Edison_____ 1093 inventions
A. worked B. made C. did D. gave
2. China is famous _____ the Great Wall.
A. in B. for C. with D. on
3. It ______ that Mr. Smith is dead.
A. say B. said C. is said D. saying
4. The boy was not ______ to reach the apple.
A. high enough B. enough high
C. tall enough D. enough tall
5. Edison was a great inventor. He _____ to inventing things.
A. give himself B. gave him
C. devoted himself D. devoted him
6. Who _____ the right answer to the question
A. came up with B. came up
C. caught up with D. find out
7. Since then, forty English lessons ____in our class.
A. have learned B. have been learned
C. are learned D. learned
8. Helen’s courage and hard work brought _____.
A. success B. money C. death D. life
9. During your stay at school, it’s very important not to give up______.
A. question B. questioning C. to question D. questioned
10. After a few years’ hard work, they _____ in finish building the big bridge.
A. developed B. succeeded C. searched D. observed
11. The room is very clean because it_____ by us.
A. was kept B. is clean
C. is cleaned D. will be swept
12. He was born ____ October of 1879 in Germany.
A. on B. at C. from D. in
13. She can play _____ violin very well.
A. the B. a C. / D. an
14. Please remember _____ in your paper tomorrow.
A. to hand B. hand C. handing D. handed
15.I have a lot of problems____ physics
A. for B. from C. with D. on
三．完型填空10%
In the past, people didn't use stamps. They had to pay money when they received letters. Rowland Hill, a schoolmaster in England was the first ___1___ using stamps. He thought it ___2___ much easier for people to use ___3___. They could go to the nearby ___4___ to buy stamps and put them on envelopes(信封) ___5___ they ___6___ letters. The post office only put seals(印章) ___7___ the stamps so that people could not use the stamps ___8___. In this way, the post office ___9___ send postmen to collect(收) money. It only needed ___10___ postmen to deliver(投递) letters. The government finally accepted(接受) the good idea.
( )1. A. to think B. thinking C. to think of D. think about
( )2. A. could be B. will be C. is D. was
( )3. A. a stamp B. stamps C. stamp D. stampes
( )4. A. a shop B. school C. village D. post office
( )5. A. after B. before C. in D. with
( )6. A. sent B. send C. to send D. sended
( )7. A. in B. over C. on D. above
( )8. A. again B. too C. either D. also
( )9. A. need not to B. didn't need to C. needed not to D. didn't need
( )10. A. few B. fewer C. many D. much
四.阅读理解 30% （一）
This is a talk by a London taxi(出租车)driver "I've been a taxi driver for nearly ten years. Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis." "It's a nice job most of time. you meet a lot of people. I always work at night, because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles(英里)outside London and I go to work at 5:30 in the afternoon." "I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning." "Some very strange things happened late at night
. The other day I was taking a woman home from a party .She had her little dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key. So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows." "I waited and waited. After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on .I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was a thief(小偷).Luckily the woman came downstairs(下楼).She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog!"
1. The driver always worked at night because it was easier to _____.
A. drive B. make money C. climb in through the window D. meet a lot of people
2. The woman climbed in through the window because _____.
A. she wanted to have a sleep B. her husband didn't open the door for her
C. she didn't want to pay the driver D. she couldn't find her key
3. The story happened _____.
A. early in the morning B. late at night
C.20 miles outside London D. near the police station
4. Which of the following is wrong
A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning.
B. The police made a mistake.
C. The woman had no money to pay the driver.
D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.
5. The driver climbed in through the window to
A. get money from the woman B. return the dog to the woman
C. see what was happening in the house D. phone the police
（二）
There are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California, the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and his family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henry's cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most important city in the United States is Washington, D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York.
1. How many states are there in the U. S. A.
A. Five B. Forty- Five. C. Fifty D. Fifteen.
2. Which state is the largest in population
A. California. B. Rhode-Island.
C. Alaska D. Los Angeles.
3. Which state is the coldest, the newest, and the smallest in population
A. Rhode Island. B. Seattle. C. San Francisco. D. Alaska.
4. Which of the following is true
A. The oldest states are the ones along the Pacific coast
B. Washington is the most important and the largest city.
C. New York is the largest city in the United States.
D. Henry's cousin lives in the Seattle.
5. Why is Washington, D. C. the most important American city
Because _________.
A. it is the largest city B. it is the largest in population
C. it is the most beautiful city D. it is the capital of the United States
（三）
Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. There are times when most of us would have sweets and ice-cream better than eat and rice. Sweets and ice-cream are not bad for us if we eat them at the end of a meal.__1_____.
It is important for us to eat our meal at the same time every say. When we feel hungry, it is a signal that our body needs food. ___2___. A long time ago in England, some judges often decided whether a man was telling the truth by giving him some dry bread. __3____. Though this seems very strange and foolish, they thought it was a very good way of finding out the truth . A man who is worrying about something has difficulty in swallowing anything dry. __4_____
A. If the man could not swallow the bread, the judges would decide he was not telling the truth.
B. Because he is worried, he loses his appetite and does not want to eat.
C. If we eat them at meals, they may take away our appetite.
D. When we feel angry or exited, we may not want to eat.
What is the best title for the passage is __5_____
A. Eating habits and health B. Sweets and appetite
C. What affects your appetite D. Regular meals
书面表达10%
请根据下面的提示,向你的外国朋友介绍刘翔。
刘翔是你最喜欢的运动员。他高大健壮，在2004年雅典奥运会击败著名美国运动员Allan Johnson夺得110米栏（hurdle ）金牌，并平了自己的世界记录。你希望自己像刘翔那样好好锻炼身体，在以后的工作中尽力拼搏获得成功。
答案：
一.1. devotes/is devoting 2. soldiers ; lives 3. northern 4. operating
5. produced 6. blood 7. developing 8. nothing 9. has set 10. said
二.1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. B 11. C
12. D 13. A 14. A 15. D
三. 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. B
四. (一) 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C
(二) 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D
(三) 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B
五．略
Answers
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn’t been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung5. needn’t be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called
四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)
① was bought for me ② Is made in China ③ covered with
五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）
①be done改为 do② listened改为 listened to ③ remembered 改为 was remembered
④ is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom
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