unit 1 great scientists language points

课件31张PPT。defeat，beat，win
(1)defeat/beat都可接sb.，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。
(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。
即境活用2．完成句子
(1)Zhang Yining
____________________________ (艰难地战胜了李佳薇)in the 29th Olympics.
(2)The problem ______________ (把我难住了)and I can’t solve it.
(3)The party ____________ (面临失败)in the election.
答案：(1)defeated Li Jiawei with difficulty　(2)has defeated me　(3)faces defeat
3．用defeat/beat/win的适当形式填空
(1)He ________ all his opponents in the election.
(2)Mary ________ the first prize for swimming.
答案：(1)defeated/beat　(2)wonWho put forward a theory about black holes.谁提出了黑洞理论put forward(1) 提出（+表示建议,计划等的名词）= come up withe.g. put forward a very good suggestion／plan提出了一个很好的建议 ／计划(2) 把...向前拨e.g. You ought to put your watch forward
ten minutes.(3) 推荐e.g. I put myself forward as the monitor.put away:
put up with:
put on :　　
put out：关于put的其它短语：忍受穿上，上演　熄灭，扑灭放好.储存(钱)2. draw/ come to/ arrive at/ reach a conclusion得出结论我们得出结论应该再给他一次机会e.g. Ｗe drew a conclusion that we should give him
another chance.concludeconclusionn. 结论v. 结束,推断1. e.g. Some teachers conclude their class with/by a
speech.结束(+by/with)2. e.g. What can you conclude from these
observations? 一些老师以讲话结束他们的课．你从这些观察中能推出什么结论? 推断出,断定(+from)3.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London---so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰.斯诺是一位著名的医生----他的确医术精湛,以至成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生.attend v.(１) to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料.e.g. The doctor attended the patients.e.g.
attend school 上学
attend a lecture 听讲座
attend church 去教堂
attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼(2) =to take care; give attention 注意,留意. e.g. She didn't attend to what I was saying. 她并不注意听我所说的话。(+to)(3) to be present at 出席,到场The man seen by us yesterday is Professor
Smith.4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.（１）exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动.意为 “患霍乱的”.e.g. The book written by LuXun is very popular. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.但是当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓
时，他就感到很兴奋．expose sth/sb to使…暴露于…；使面临；
使遭受（危险，攻击等）翻译：呆在户内，别把你的皮肤暴露于太阳底下Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to
the sun．e.g.　Those who were exposed to bird-flu were
separated.　be exposed to招致，遭受染上禽流感的人都被隔离了．（２） expose① 使暴露于;使接触到 发散思维：adj. 暴露的，无掩蔽的exposednessn. 暴露，显露exposed② 揭露,揭发 e.g. expose a crime 把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose sth. to the light of day揭发罪行 ５．deadly (1) adj. 致命的,致死的;毒性的e.g. This is a deadly poison. (2) adv. ①死一般地e.g. His face was deadly pale. 他的脸死一般地苍白。 ② 非常,极度地e.g. The air was deadly cold. 空气极度寒冷。 6. cure ① vt.治愈，治疗／消除(弊病等);纠正 e.g. The doctor cured him of his cold. cure sb. of sth. 治好了某人的…，纠正了某人的…医生治好了他的感冒．e.g. He cured the child of bad habits. 他纠正了孩子的坏习惯．② n.治愈;痊愈 e.g. There's no known cure for AIDS. 治疗艾滋病尚无良方。 [(+for)]7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of
the things happened between us.每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死．immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “一…..就”。e.g. I will give the letter to him immediately
I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他。I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了。注意:８.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals .第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入
体内的．① 注意此处的suggest表示“暗示，表明”，而非
表示建议，此时从句中不需要用虚拟语气．The dentist suggested ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_．（１）牙医建议她改天再来。 that she come another day（２）她的表情表明她很开心。 Her expression suggested ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．that she was happy② absorb…..into 吸收e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. 这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。absorb v. (1)吸收 e.g. It's too hard for me to absorb so many good
ideas at once. 对我来说很难一下完全吸收这么多好主意。e.g. The old man was absorbed in the book. The old man absorbed himself in the book. be absorbed in = absorb oneself in 全神贯注于…(2) 吸引；使专心；使全神贯注9. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in 10 days.在两条街道上,霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。severev. (1) =strict 严厉的；苛刻的；严格的.e.g. My father was severe with me. be severe with/on/upon … 对…严格，严厉(2)= very serious 剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的 考大学的激烈竞争e.g. the severe competition for university这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。10. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.The watch is valuable. valuable(1) adj. worth of a lot of money
值钱的，贵重的这表很值钱。e.g. a valuable diamond贵重的钻石。(2) adj. having great usefulness or value
有用的,有价值的 e.g.　This experience is valuable to/for me. (+for/to)这一经历对我很有用。 (3) n. (常用复数形式)贵重物品e.g. Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.valuable / invaluable / valuelessvaluable adj.值钱的，贵重的invaluable adj.无价的，非常贵重的valueless adj.无价值的;没有用处的 以上三个词在语法填空的词类转换中可能考到，
请注意11. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。(1) be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的 事情，相当于must, should, ought to 等。公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。e.g. You are not to drop litter in the park.(2) blamevt. ① 责备,指责(sb) be to blame for …应为…受到责备e.g. The driver was to blame for the accident.司机应为这次事故承担责任e.g. He blamed you for the neglect of duty. 他责备你怠忽职守。 blame sb. for sth./doing sth.　因某事责备某人短语：② 把...归咎(于) e.g. The teacher blamed the mistake on my
　 carelessness. 老师把错误归咎于我的粗心．blame sth. on sb.　把…归咎于某人身上12. handle ① [C]柄,把手 e.g. the handle of the door/ the cup② vt. 对待,处理e.g. I didn't know how to handle these people. 我不知道如何对付这些人。 翻译：
这条铁路把西藏(Tibet)和内地(the inland area)
连起来了．13. link A to B 把A与B连接；联系e.g. Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。被动形式：A be linked to BThis railway links Tibet to the inland areas.14. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个特别的证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。(1) announcevt. 宣布,发布 e.g. They announced that she would give one
extra song. 他们宣布说她将再唱一首歌。 The vote was completed. The chairman
announced the result. 投票完毕。主席宣布了结果。 announcer announcementn. 播音员n. 宣布,发布 (2) with certainty 有把握地have (no) certainty of (没)有…的把握e.g. Can you solve the problem with certainty?翻译：你有把握解决这个问题吗？ Do you have certainty of solving the problem?15. instructvt. ① 指示,命令,吩咐e.g. He instructed me to deliver it to a customer. 他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。 instruct sb. (not) to do sth.
吩咐/指导/命令某人(不)做某事 ② 教授;训练;指导 e.g. My job is to instruct you in English. 我的工作是教你们英语。 instruct sb. (in sth.)
教授某人学校科目, 传授某人技巧Not _______ (暴露)your skin to the sun for too long.
_________ you _______ (既不…也不) he is right.
___________ (每当)I meet him, I always think of the things having happened between us.
________________ (好像) she was lying.
Who is _____________ (责备) for the mistake?
It ____________ (暗示) that it was going to rain.
I suggested that he __________________ (戒烟) smoking.exposeNeither nor Every timeIt seemed thatto blame(should) give upsuggested练习翻译下面的句子:
2. ___ in writing the new poem. Jenny even forgot her dinner
A. Absorbed B. Absorbing C. having absorbed
3. who____ for the pollution of this lake?
should blame B. is to be blamed
is blamed D. is to blame
4. The reform project ___ by Mr. White___ at the meeting now
A. put forward; is discussed
B. has been put forward; is being discussed
C. put forward; is being discussed