2011年中考英语：八年级英语（仁爱版）语言点归纳

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2011年中考英语：八年级英语（仁爱版）语言点归纳
Unit 1 Sports and Games
Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball
1.see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与every day; often等连用.
　see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行.
Eg : I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.
I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画.
I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路
I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路.
[类似的有watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词.]
2.join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”
　join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织”
　take part in 表示 “参加/出席某个活动”
　如: Will you join us
I will join the skiing club.
She is planning to take part in the high jump.
3.prefer to 更喜欢 （to是介词，后接名词、V-ing形式）
Eg：She prefers fish to meat.
She prefers playing the piano to playing the guitar.
4.arrive in + 大地点arrive at + 小地点 get to + 地点 = reach + 地点
如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.
I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.
注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home
5.leave… 离开……
　leave for… 动身去…/离开到…
　如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京.
　They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本.
6.a few “几个;一些” 修饰可数名词 a little “一点点” 修饰不数名词
如: There are a few eggs in the basket.
There is a little water in the bottle.
7.how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段. how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.
如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing
He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball
8..be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事
如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.
9..make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态
keep …sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态
如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.
Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.
重点语法
一般将来时：
（一）be going to 结构: ①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。
如：I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.
我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。
She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.
她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。
②表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。
如：Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！
（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.
表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。
如：a. ----Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。
----I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。
b. ----Would you like coffee or tea 您要咖啡还是茶？
----I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。
c. Don’t worry. I’ll help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。
表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。
如： I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。
Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。
表示许诺。如： I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。
I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。
句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.
否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.
一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon
回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.
（三）动词plan, come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.
如： I’m coming. 我就来。
He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。
We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。
Topic 2 Would you mind teaching me
1.ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.
如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)
He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)
2.Would you mind (not) doing sth 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗 ”
如: Would you mind coming and checking it 来修理它好吗
Would you mind not smoking here 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗
3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “其中之一……”, 主语是one,表单数.谓语动词用单数。
如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。
4. miss “错过,思念,遗失”
如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车.
He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲.
My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.
5. do one’s best 尽某人的最大努力 = try one’s best
We do our best to finish the task.
6. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事”
如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time. 我们确信下次一定会赢。
7. be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”
　be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”
如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉.
I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。
8. tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.
　tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.
类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的
interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的
9. 15-year-old “15岁的”
　　15 years old “15岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.
类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles
10. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.
instead of…“替代……;而不……,相反”
如: I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京.
= I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.
I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.
have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣”
如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。
Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in
1. be ready for 为…准备 = prepare for
Eg：We are ready for the final exam = We are preparing for the final exam
2. encourage 鼓励 (to + V )
Eg：We should encourage children to look after themselves.
3. take / do exercise 做锻炼
Eg：They often takes / does exercise in the morning.
4. group up 长大
Eg：What are you going to be when you grow up.
bring up : 抚养
5. a symbol of代表 = stand for
Eg： The Tang costume stands for Chinese fashion culture and the long history of China.
The Tang costume is a symbol of Chinese fashion culture and the long history of China.
6. at least 至少 at most 至多
Eg：We need at least another two days to finish the task.
There are 1000 students in this school at most.
7. fill out + 名词 “填好……”
fill + 名词/代词+out
如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格.
Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好.
8. be afraid… “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.
be afraid of… “害怕(做)……”
如: I’m afraid I won’t be free. 我恐怕没有空.
He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗.
They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛.
9. may be “可能是……” may是情态动词 + be
maybe “或许; 可能” maybe是副词
如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师.
He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.
10. between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者当中
如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间.
The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中.
Unit 2 Keeping Healthy
Topic 1 How are you feeling today
1. 身体某个部位 + ache，表身体某处疼痛。
如: headache 头痛 backache 背痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛
2. medicine “药”（为不可数名词） pill “药片” （为可数名词）
如: take some medicine 吃些药 take some cold pills 吃些感冒药
3. with “含有…” without “没有”
Eg：hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶 coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶
mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼
Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶
Go to school without (eating) breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学。
4. well 康复
well 是副词，修饰动词。作为形容词来用时，是“身体健康”的意思。
Eg：She dances well.( well是副词)
　　Take care of you ，you’ll be well soon.( well是形容词)
good是形容词，“好的” eg：He is a good boy.
5. You’d better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生
see a doctor 看医生
　　had better (not) do sth 最好（不）做某事
Eg：You’d better ask your teacher for help
You have a fever，Let’s see a doctor.
Your leg is hurt ，you’d better not move.
6. have a rest 休息一下
Eg:You look tired ,why not have a rest
7. until “直到…为止” ; 句中动词一般为延续性动词
　not …until… “直到…才…” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词
如: He will wait for his father until ten o’clock. 他将等他父亲一直到10点为止.
He won’t leave until his father comes . 直到他父亲来他才离开.
8. plenty of… “充足;大量” 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词, 只用于肯定句,
　相当于a lot of…/ lots of…
many “许多”, 修饰可数名词 much “许多”, 修饰不可数名词
如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你应该喝大量的开水.
You shouldn’t drink so much water. 你不应该喝这么多水.
I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有许多水.
Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking.
1. be good for… 对……有益 be bad for… 对…有害
如: Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益.
Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes. 在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.
2. enough adj. “足够的”
　修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前)
如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足够的时间完成这项工作.
There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物.
adv. “足够地” 修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面.
如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果.
He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清楚.
3. need “需要, 必需”
　作实义动词: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事
如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮助.
You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生.
He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车.
　作情态动词: need + 动词原形
如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西, 只要开口就行了.
You needn’t finish this work today. 你不必今天完成这项工作.
4. too much + 不可数名词 表“太多的…”
much too + 形容词 表“太…”，much 起加强语气作用
　如：Don’t eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。
　　He is much too fat. 他实在太胖了。
5. give up 放弃
Eg|：In order to keep healthy，you must give up smoking and drinking.
6. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜有害你的健康. (V-ing短语做主语)
staying up （late）熬夜 （到很晚）
6. throw about 乱扔
Eg：We shouldn’t throw litter about.
7. in public 公共的
Eg：We shouldn’t smoke in public.
8. more than 超过 less than 少于
Eg：There are more than 1000 students in that school.
I do morning exercise less than three times a week.
9. must “必须, 一定” 如: We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习.
must表示推测时一般用于肯定句；在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can,否定句中也可用功ay,但may not表示“可能不”，而can't表示“不可能”；
(4）否定句中，mustn't表示禁止，意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用needn't,needn't表示“不需要、不必”，相当于don't have to。如：
There's someone knocking on the door. It must he Jim.
有人敲门。肯定是吉姆。
Eg -Must we keep the windows open all the time
　　-No, we don’t have to. / No, we needn’t. (注意回答时不能用No, we mustn’t.)
* have to “不得不,必须”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而＂不得不做某事＂．（可用于各种时态）
如：It’s too late. I have to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了.
　　I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱.
Topic 3 We should do to fight SARS
1. hurry up 赶快
2. be on TV 上电视
Eg：He is on TV
3. go ahead 向前走 ； 着手干
Eg：Go ahead and you will find a bank.
-Mr. Wang ,I want to ask you a question.
-Go ahead.
4. build up 使强健
Eg:We must do as much exercise as we can to build up our bodies.
5. take care of 照顾 = look after
Eg: The boy is too young to take care of himself.
= The boy is too young to look after himself.
6. It’s my duty to save the patients. 挽救病人是我的职责。
　It’s my duty to do sth 做…是我的责任
Eg：It’s our duty to keep the classroom clean.
7. on 通过，使用
Eg：Now，more and more students learn English on Internet.
8. Long time no see. 好久不见。
9. talk with sb. 表 “与……交流” , 指 “与人平等地交流、讨论”
　talk to sb. 表示 “找某人谈话” , 在口语中常 “责备某人”
如: Jim’s father is talking with the teacher. 吉姆的父亲正在和老师交谈.
I will talk to him about his careless. 我要找他谈话,批评他的粗心大意.
10. teach oneself 自学 = learn by oneself
Eg：His family is too poor to afford his education ,so he teach himself after school.
11. enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴
12. help sb (to) do sth = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
如: I helped my mother cook at home.
= I helped my mother with the cook at home. 我在家帮我母亲做饭.
Unit3 Our Hobbies
Topic 1 What hobbies did you use to have
1. What beautiful stamps!(Page 53)哇，那么漂亮的邮票！
what引导的感叹句
（1）. What +a(an)＋形容词＋可数名词的单数形式＋主语十
谓语！
What a beautiful girl she is！ 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！
（2）. What＋形容词＋可数名词的复数形式＋主语＋谓语！
女日：
What important jobs they have done！ 他们做了多么重要的工作呀！
（3）. What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！如：
How sweet water it is！多甜的水呀！
how引导的感叹句
（1）. How十形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语！如：
How interesting the dog is！多么有趣的狗呀！
（2）. How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词的单数形式＋主语＋谓语！如：
How useful a subject they are learning！ 他们正在学的科目多么有用呀！
（3）. How＋主语＋谓语！如：
How time flies！时间过得真快呀！
技巧总结：从后往前划出主语、谓语，然后看前部的中心词，名词用what ，形容词、副词用how。
2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. (Page 53)通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。
a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同very much。如:
eg： She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.
另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。Eg：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。
There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。
a lot of和lots of之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。
3. What things do you love collecting (Page 53)你喜欢集什么东西？
love + doing表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用like+ doing表示。如：
1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。
5.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我对运动感兴趣。
be interested in (doing) sth. “对…感兴趣”如:
I am interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。
Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。
6.What do you often do in your spare time 在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？
in one’s spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用in one’s free time替换。如:
eg：I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。
In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。
7. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我经常去钓鱼。
go + doing表示“去做某事”
go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如:
1)Let’s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。
2)Are you going hiking this weekend 这个周末你打算去远足吗？
另外还有：go hunting 去打猎 go shooting 去射击 go swimming 去游泳
go bathing 去沐浴 go shopping 去购物 go climbing 去爬山
8.And I do a lot of reading. 我通常都是阅读一些书籍。
在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：
散步 do some walking do a lot of walking
读书 do some reading do a lot of reading
洗衣服 do some washing do a lot of washing
买东西 do some shopping do a lot of shopping
清扫 do some cleaning do a lot of cleaning
9. Why not go out and do some outdoor activities 为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？用why not do sth 用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文，如：
Why not run a little faster 为什么不跑快一点呢？
11. And I wasn’t interested in sports at all. 我对运动一点兴趣都没有。
not...at all “一点也不……”；“全然不”。如：
1）I didn’t mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。
2）—Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。—Not at all.没关系。
12. I used to know little about paintings. 我过去不太懂绘画。
little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little相当于not much, few相当于not many。little与不可数名词连用, few与可数名词复数连用。如：
I have little time.我的时间很少。
Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。
而a little和a few含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如：
There’s a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。
I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。
13. I enjoy listening to rock music. (Page 56)我喜欢听摇滚音乐。
enjoy意为“喜欢，欣赏”，含有“乐于、享受……之乐趣”之意，其后可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”之意。
The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢在中国居住。
Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo 你在动物园玩得愉快吗？
Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外国人喜欢中国菜。
prefer意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。prefer...to...表示“宁愿…，不愿…”，“喜欢…而不喜欢…”，其中to为介词，后可跟名词或动名词。如：
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee 你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？
I prefer walking to cycling. 我喜欢步行胜过骑单车。
My brother likes maths, but I prefer English. 我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。
14. Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations 在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？
during “在…的期间、在…的时候”。如：
eg The sun gives us light during the daytime.太阳在白天给我们阳光。
He called to see me during my absence.当我不在的时候他来访过我。
15．I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. ( Page 57) 我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。
　　in front of “在……的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而in the front of “……的前部”；指在物体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较：
eg: There is a tall tree in front of my house. 我家房前有一棵大树。
　　　The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。
16. When they are free, people usually do what they like. 当人们空闲的时候，他们总是做一些自己喜欢的事情。
free “有空、空闲”， be free可以替换为have time。如：
eg: Are you free this evening = Do you have time this evening 你今天晚上有空吗？
If I am free, I am going to visit the museum. = If I have time, I am going to visit the museum.如果有时间，我打算去参观博物馆。
17. such as 比如…
　Eg|：They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. 他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如：硬币、娃娃或邮票。
eg: We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.
我们学习很多的科目，比如语文、数学、英语和物理。
18. When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner. 当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们很快地康复。
本句中become, keep, be, 与get都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是其后加形容词做表语。
三.语法学习
used to do sth.
这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑问句为Used you to... 或 Did you use to... 如：
eg: He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it. 他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。
现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如：
1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much. 我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。
2)Did you use to go there 你以往常去哪儿？
3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there 以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？
另外，注意be used to doing sth.与used to do sth.的区别：
be used to doing sth “习惯于……，适应于……”如:
eg: He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。
eg: He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。
be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：
eg: Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事.
3. He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. 他并不介意它们是否是好的。
此句为以whether引导的宾语从句。whether...or not“不论是否…”。如：
eg: You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not. 你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。
if与whether的区别。 whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。
　eg: Let me know whether or not you can come. 你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。
whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。如：
eg: Whether this is true or not, I can not say. 这件事是否真实，我说不上。
不定式前用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.
　介词后可用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.我是否回家还没有定。
Topic2 What sweet music!
1. What kind of musical instrument can you play (Page 62)你会弹什么种类的乐器？
kind 是“种类，类型”的意思。如：
a kind of 一种，all kinds of各种各样， what kind of 什么类型的。如:
eg: Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food. 饺子是一种中国食品。
eg: There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library. 北京图书馆有各种各样的图书。
eg: What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room
2. They are very popular among young people. (Page 64)它们在年轻人当中很流行。
among 介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”，用于三者或三者以上；而between也是介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”之意，则只能用于两者之间。如：
eg: Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.
eg: Mary is sitting between the twins.玛丽坐在双胞胎的中间。
8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. (Page 64)
be famous for“以……而著名”, “因…而出名”。如：
eg: Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。
be famous as … 作为…出名
Eg: YaoMing is famous as a basketball player.
9. In the fall of 1976, a- 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians.
　look for “寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程，而find“找到”，则是强调“找到”的结果。如：
I looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.
10. They continue making music. 他们继续创作音乐。
continue + to do sth./ doing sth./ n.“继续做某事”。如：
eg：After having a rest ,he continued to read/writing/ a story 继续阅读/写作/一个故事
11. And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much.
all over the world 全世界
12. His father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano.
ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。如：
eg: I often ask my uncle to help me with my maths.我常请我叔叔帮我学数学。
还有一些其他类似的用法。如：
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事
play the piano “弹奏钢琴”。
在英语中，在表示弹奏、演奏乐器时，所有的乐器前面都要加定冠词the，如：
play the guitar /piano /violin/drums
英语中表达玩球类项目时，我们通常在球类项目的名词前不加定冠词。如：
play football踢足球 play basketball打篮球 play bridge cards打桥牌 play chess下棋
13. He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy.
make +sb+adj.结构。如： The news made us very exciting. 这个消息使我们很激动。
Topic3 What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday
1．I called you but nobody answered the phone.
　answer the phone “接电话” answer “回答，答复”。如：
eg: Have you answered his letter 你回了他的信吗？
2 .Yeah, I think so. (Page 71)是，我也这样认为。
I think so.的否定形式一般为I don’t think so.例如：
—Do you think classical music is very popular in China 你认为古典音乐在中国很流行吗？
—No, I don’t think so. 不，我认为不很流行。
3. And I also like the young man with light hair. 我也喜欢那个留着浅色头发的年轻人。
with “有”。如：
a girl with blue eyes碧眼女郎
4. I agree with you. 我同意你的意见。
agree with sb.同意某人的看法。如： I don’t agree with her. 我不同意她的意见。
5. There’s nothing serious. 没什么严重的事。nothing serious “没事”。
　注意此结构的用法。用来修饰代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等的形容词，要放在被修饰词的后面。如句中serious要放在nothing的后面。如：
eg: Would you like anything else 你还要点儿什么吗？
eg: I’ll tell you something important.我要告诉你一件重要的事。
6. Well, Miss Wang was angry with me. 王老师生我的气了。
注意be angry 后所跟的介词：be angry with + sb. 生某人的气 be angry at + sb. 对某人的言行气愤
be angry about + sth. 对某事生气 如：
eg: He was angry with her for what she did.他对她所做的感到生气
eg: He was angry at being kept waiting.他因旁人使他久等而生气。
eg: He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上那么多的车辆而气恼。
7. In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy （神圣的）day”.
1800s表示19世纪，同样的，1900s则表示20世纪。
8. spend度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如：
eg: He spent 5 yuan on the post card. 他买这张明信片花了5元钱。
They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill.
cost 的主语是物 eg：The dictionary cost me ＄10.
pay for 为…付款 eg：I paid ＄10 for the dictionary.
take 的结构为It takes sb …to do sth。
Eg：It take me a hour to finish my homework.
9. 复习过去进行时.
Unit 4 Our World
Topic1 Plants and animals are important to us.
1. cover 覆盖
eg：He covered the pan with a piece of paper.
2. Thousands of 成千上万的 hundreds of 成百上千 hundred / thousand 复数+ of
Eg: We plant thousands of trees every year.
3. feed on 以…为主食
eg: Horse feed on grass.
We live on rice. (讲人时用 live on)
4. 复习形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
Topic 2 I am sure there are no UFOs.
1. take the place of 取代 = instead of
eg：Robort can take the place of humans to do most of work in the future.
= Robort can do most of work instead of humans in the future.
2. mistake…for 把…弄错
eg：People often mistake some man-made objects for UFOs.
3. be late for 迟到
eg：Hurry up ,or you will be late for school.
4. wake up 叫醒
eg：Please wake me up at 6:00 tomorrow.
5. How is everything going these days
Topic 3 The builders used to live models, didn’t they
1. order 命令
eg:The cruel emperor ordered his men to fight for him.
2. be made up of … 由…组成
eg: The Great Wall is made up of thousands of huge stones.
3. from then on 从那时起 from now on 从现在起
4. join together 连接在一起
Eg：Joining the short ropes together，you’ll get a longer one.
5. 复习反意疑问句
Unit5 Feeling happy
Topic 1Why all the smiling faces
Section A
1、 prepare：准备（for）
eg：My mother is preparing food for the guests.
2、say thanks to 向…道谢
Eg：Remember to say thanks to your mother.
Say hello to 向…打招呼
3、 Be going to 打算做…
Eg：He is going to Beijing.
Will 侧重及时的想法 eg：I’m thirsty，I will get something to drink.
Section B
1、Because he can’t get a ticket to The Sound of Music. 因为他没有买到《音乐之声》的票.
to 表“的”，常见的搭配如下：
a ticket toThe Sound of Music 一张《音乐之声》的票
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the way to…去…..的路
2、be proud of 以…自豪
Eg：We are proud of our long history.
3、set the table 摆桌子
4、be able to 能… （后接动词原形） = can
Eg：I’m able to swim.
can与be able to 二者都表“能；会”，在指“一般能力”时，常互换。如：
　He can/is able to work out the problem. 他能算出这道难题.
区别: can 只有现在式和过去式(could),没有数的变化;而be able to 有时态及数的变化. 如: I/ She couldn’t swim three years ago, but now I / She can .
三年前,我/她 不会游泳, 但现在我/她能.
I will be able to see him next week. 下周, 我将会看到他.
They were /He was able to climb the mountain, but now they aren’t/ He wasn’t.They’re / He was too old. 他们/他过去能爬得上这座山, 但现在不能. 他们/他太老了.
5、Everything goes well.一切顺利
由every ，no，some，any和thing ，one，body构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Eg：Everything is ready.
Anyone can succeed if he work hard.
Section C
1、I’ll ring up Michael later. 稍后我打电话给迈克.
ring up sb. = call/ ring/ phone sb. = give sb. a ring/ call/ telephone = make a telephone to sb.
当宾语为代词时, 只能放中间.如: ring me/him/her up
Section D
1、I think Mr. Lee likes it very much and really wishes to watch it. 我认为李老师非常喜欢它而且的确想去看. wish/ hope to do sth.希望做某事
与 wish 相关的结构还有: wish/ hope + that引导的从句; 如:
　 I wish/ hope (that) we will win.
　我们可以说wish sb. to do sth. 而不能说hope sb. to do sth.;
2、 The lonely father often became angry because of the noisy children. 孤独的父亲经常由于吵吵闹闹的的孩子们而发怒了。
because of “由于”，是介词短语，后常跟名词或短语。如：
He didn’t come to school because of his illness./ because he was ill.
　由于他的病，他没来上学。
We didn’t go there because of the heavy rain./ because it rained heavily.
由于大雨，我们没去那儿。
alone和lonely
Eg：The old man lives alone，but he doesn’t feellonely.
(alone强调独自、个体；lonely强调感情的寂寞)
3、 Maria was able to cheer up the family by teaching them to sing lively songs…
　　玛丽亚有能力通过教他们唱轻快的歌曲使整个家庭振作起来。
　　by 是介词，指“通过（某种方式）”，后面跟名词、代词、形容词或动名词。
4、 What did Maria go to the Von Trapp family for = Why did Maria go to the Von Trapp
玛丽亚为了什么目的去冯特拉普家庭？
5、 … and the mother was so worried that she looked for him everywhere, …
这位母亲是如此焦急，以致于他四处寻找他。
so + adj/ adv. + that + 句子 指“如此…以致于”
eg：The boy is so yang that he can’t look after himself well.
= The boy is too yang to look after himself well.
Section D
1、 come into being 形成
eg：Beijing Opera came into being more than 200 years ago.
2、 be full of 充满
eg：The glass is full of water.= The glass is filled with water.
3、 be popular with 受到…欢迎
eg：The Beijing Opera is popular with people from home and abroad.
4、重点语法
1、系表结构：Linking verb. + adj. 常见的连系动词如下:
1）be 动词：He is helpful. They are tired.
2) 表 “…起来”：look看起来; sound听起来; taste尝起来;feel摸起来等等.如:
3）表状态变化的连系动词有：get 变得; turn 转变; go变; become变成 等等. 如:
In summer, the days get longer, the weather gets warmer.
In fall, the leaves turn yellow. The mother went mad.
　He became angry.
2、because 引导的原因状语从句: because 用来回答why提问的问句,表示的原因语气很强,一般用在主句后面,强调因果关系.
Mr. Wang looks tired because he worked late last night and didn’t get enough sleep.
Kangkang is disappointed because his best friend is not able to come.
----Why do they feel proud
----Because a player from their country won a medal.
　　　　　　Topic 2 I’m really worried about Beth.
Section A
1、Anything wrong = Is there anything wrong 有什么麻烦吗
形容词修饰不定代词要后置. 如:
something bad 不好的事情 everything new 一切新的事物
1、 What seems to be the problem 似乎有什么问题
　　seem to do sth. “似乎做某事” 常与 “It seems that + 句子” 转换, 如:
　　He seems to know her name. = It seems that he knows her name. 似乎他知道她的名字.
　　seem + adj “似乎(怎样)”, 构成系表结构. 如:
　　You seem sad. = You seem (to be) sad.= It seems that you are sad.你似乎很伤心.
2、 be strict with 对…要求严格
Eg：Our teachers are always strict with us.
3、 be worried about … 担心…
eg：He is sick,so I am worried about his health.
5、cheer up 使…振作
Eg：Ann is ill ，his class hold a party to cheer her up.
Section B
1、Wh + 动词不定式作宾语
Eg：I don’t know how to talk with others.
We should decide where to meet first.
2、at the age （在这个年龄）和at the age of （在几岁时）
Eg：At the age of six ，he can write short stories.
3、…, but I don’t know how to get other students to talk with me. 但是我不知道怎样使他们和我交谈.
使役动词：make ，get，let
get sb. to do sth. “使(让/ 叫) 某人做某事”, 相当于 ask / tell sb. to do sth.或者说 let / make sb. do sth.（不带to）
Eg：The cruel（残忍的）boss made the workers work day and night.
= The cruel（残忍的）boss get the workers to work day and night.
4、 in one’s +数词（整十复数）在…多大时
eg：In his thirties ，he became a doctor.在他三十多岁时，他成为了一名医生。
5、 call sb at + 电话号码
eg：If you want more information，please call me at 88888888.
6、 too much 太多（后接不可数名词）
eg：I have too much homework to do.
Too many 太多（后接可数名词）
Eg：There are too many people in this room.
Much too 非常
Eg：This box is much too heavy，I can’t move it.
Section C
1、It is important to talk to someone else. 跟其它人交流很重要.
句型 “It is + adj. + to do”中, “It”是形式主语,真正主语是后面的动词不定式. 如:
It is normal to feel tired after a long trip.长途旅行后,感到疲劳是正常的.
It is dangerous to swim in the sea. 在大海里游泳是很危险的.
句型 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 花了某人某时做某事. 如:
It took me three days to finish this work. 花了我三天时间完成这项工作.
2、It is said that… 据说……
3、... when something bad happens to us. 当不好的事情发生在我们身上时.
“sth. happens to sb.”, 指“某事发生在某人身上”. 是一种惯用句型. 如:
A serious accident happened to his brother yesterday.
昨天,一个重大事故发生在他的兄弟身上.
happen to do sth. 指 “碰巧做某事”, 如:
I happened to see my friend Jim in the street yesterday.
昨天,我碰巧在街上看到我的朋友吉姆.
4、 How time flies! “光阴似箭!” 是 How quickly the time flies! 简略句.
5、 I try to join in activities of many kinds. 我尽量参加各式各样的活动.
join in sth. 指“参加……活动”, 相当于take part in或be in.
join 指 “参加某个组织或团体”
6、How does Jeff deal with his sadness 杰夫怎样处理他的忧伤的
How…deal with “怎样处理 ” 相当于“What ….do with ”
Eg：He doesn’t know how to deal with the problems.
=He doesn’t know what to do with the problems.
Section D
1、not any longer 不再 = no longer
Eg：He doesn’t want to sing any longer.
=He no longer wants to sing .
not…any more = no more 表 “不再……”, 指次数上不再.
not…any longer=no longer表 “不再……”, 指时间上不再. 如:
You aren’t a child any longer. = You are no longer a child.你不再是个小孩了.
We didn’t visit him any more. = We visited him no more. 我们再也不去拜访他了.
Topic 3 Michael is feeling better.
Section A
1、make + 宾语 + 形容词 “使某人怎样”
We should do something to make him happy again.
1. make sb, do sth. 使(让) 某人做某事
Some programs on TV make me want to sleep.
1、 I’m feeling even worse. 我甚至觉得更糟了.
　　much, a little 与even常用来修饰比较级. 如:
eg：He is much older than me.他比我大得多。
　　　Jim is a little taller than Tom. 吉姆比汤姆高一点。
2、 I’m afraid of catching SARS. 我害怕患上非典.
be afraid of (doing ) sth. 表”害怕(做)某事/物” 如
eg：I’m afraid of getting injections. 我害怕打针.
I am afraid of snakes. 我害怕蛇.
He is afraid of swimming. 他害怕游泳.
3、 take medicine 服药
Eg：Take these pills three times a day.
4、 If we have time, we’ll come over to see you again. 如果我们有时间,我们将会顺便再来看你.
　　if引导条件状语从句.从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时.
Eg：If we are always sad and worried, we’ll become angry easily. 如果我们老是伤心,焦虑的话,我们就会容易生气.
If we stay angry for too long, we’ll be ill. 如果我们长时间生气的话,我们就会生病.
5、 take turns 轮流
Eg：We will take turns to help with your English.
6、 learn…by oneself 自学
Eg：He learned to dance by himself when he was young.
7、get well 康复
well 是副词，修饰动词。作为形容词来用时，是“身体健康”的意思。
Eg：She dances well.( well是副词)
　　Take care of you ，you’ll be well soon.( well是形容词)
good是形容词，“好的” eg：He is a good boy.
Section B
1、get along/on（well）with sb 和…(友好)相处
Eg：We should get along/on（well）with each other.
2、in a good/bad mood 情绪很好/差
3、be good/bad for 对…有好/坏处
Eg：Drinking some milk is good for your health.
　　Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes.
Section C：
1、 fill …with …用…装满 =full of
eg：Please fill the glass with beer.
　　The glass is full of water.
Section D
1、 think over 仔细考虑 相关的短语 ： ～ of 想起 ～ about考虑
　　UNIT6
topic 1 We are going on a spring field trip
Section
1、a two-day visit 两天的旅程
数词-名词（单数）作定语，修饰名词
Eg：a ten-year-old boy 一个十岁的男孩
　　an eight-year-old girl或an 8-year-old girl
（类似的8、18、80、八十几等以八开头的数词要用an）
2、 decide 决定 （+ to do sth；on sth）
eg：We decide to go on a trip by bike.
　　We will meet together to decide on a best plan tomorrow.
3、 复习动词不定式用法。
Section B
1、 to …的
eg：keys to the questions a door to the house
　　way to… 通往…的路 some tickets to Beijing
2、arrive 到达 （at /in + 地点）= get to = reach
Eg：They arrived in Beijing in a rainy day.（in + 大地方）
　　They arrived at the bus stop in a rainy day.（at + 小地方）
　　They get to / reach the bus stop in a rainy day.
Section C
1、 afford 负担的起
eg：Many families can’t afford the education of their children in China in the past.
2、 come up with 想出
　eg：We discussed for a long time ,at last,we came up with a good idea.
catch up with 赶上
Eg：He studied hard to catch up with others.
4、look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 (to是介词，后接V-ing)
Eg：I look forward to hearing from you.
Section D
1、 as soon as 一…就…
eg：As soon as we got to the stop ，we began to help others.
2、a place of interest 名胜
Eg：There are many places of interest in China.
Topic 2 How about expliring the Ming Tombs
Section A
1、 be busy doing 忙于做某事
eg：All the students are busy reciting the text.
2、 be on vacation 在度假
eg：Mr Lee is on vacation in Beijing
Section B
1、lies in /to/on 位于…
表示地点的介词
表示方位的in，to，on
　　in表示在某一地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；to表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）；on表示与某地的毗邻关系。
Eg： Fujian is in the southeast of China. = Fujian lies in the southeast of China.
Japan is to the east of China. =Japan lies to the east of China.
Korea is on the east of China. = Korea lies on the east of China.
Section C
1、 larger and larger 越来越大
形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 越来越…
eg：Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
2、through 和across 穿过
Eg：They went through a forest and find their lost horses.(从事物的内部穿过)
　　The army went across the bridge in a line. (从事物的表面穿过)
3、out of sight 脱离了视线
Section D
1、stand for 代表 = is a symbol of
Eg： The Tang costume stands for Chinese fashion culture and the long history of China.
The Tang costume is a symbol of Chinese fashion culture and the long history of China.
2、 shout at 对…大喊
eg：Don’t shout at others.
　　Topic 3 Bicycles are popular
Section B
1、be famous for / as 以/作为…出名
Eg：China is famous for china and silk.
　　Yao Ming is famous as a basketball player.
2、go on doing sth 继续做某事
eg：After having a rest，he went on working.(做同一件事)
3、复习if 引导的条件状语从句
Unit 7 Food Festival
Topic 1. We are preparing for a food festival
Section A
1、Do you know about Daniel Igali 你知道丹尼尔·艾格雷吗？
　　know about“了解”，know a lot about…“对某事了解很深”，know a little about…“对某事或某人了解一些”，而know是“知道”，“认识”之意，如：
I know her.我认识她。I know about her.我了解她。二者意思不同。
2.I have heard of him.我从未听说过他。
　　hear of sb./sth“听说过某人或某事”
　　hear + that从句“听说，得知”
　　hear from sb.“收到某人的来信”
　　hear“听见”（强调结果） listen“注意听”（强调动作）
3、I’ll think over how we should organize the food festival.我将仔细考虑我们应该怎样组织这次美食节。
think over“仔细考虑”
think of/about“考虑，思考” （think of 还有“想起”之意）
4、Let’s try our best to make it successful.让我们尽力成功举办这次美食节活动。
①try one’s best=do one’s best尽力，努力
②make sb./sth. successful 使……获得成功
Section B
1、What’s more, I’m sure that selling rice and dumpling dishes can make a lot of money.
而且，我相信出售米饭和饺子会赚很多钱。
①What’s more (口语)而且，更有甚者
She is a beautiful girl .What’s more ,she is friendly to us.
她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且对人也友好
②selling rice and dumpling dishes是v-ing分词短语做主语。
2、It’s a pleasure.
用于感谢的答语还有：That’s Ok./That’s all right./You’re welcome./My pleasure.
3、May I invite you to our food festival
Invite sb. to some place邀请某人去某处
Invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做谋事 如：
May I invite you to go shopping with me
我能邀请你一起去购物吗？
Section C
1、Extension six zero zero six, please. 请接分机号6006。
相当于Can I have extension six zero zero six ,please
或Please dial extension six zero zero six.
3、 Keep(on)doing sth.继续做某事
Keep sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人持续做某事；让某事持续进行
　Eg：Keep trying.继续努力吧。
　　　He kept writing all the night. 他整晚在写作。
　　　I’ll try not to keep you waiting. 我会尽量不让你久等。
3、It has very few school supplies.学校设施简陋。
supply作为动词用，意为“提供”、“供应”。如：即：supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb. with sth.
eg：The school supplies books for/to the children.=The school supplies the children with books.
4、 in order to… “为了…”
它引导的动词不定式短语作目的状语。否定结构 用in order not to ,比so as to正式，也可以用so that代替。如： -
　Eg：He’ll try his best to work hard in order to/so as to catch up with his classmates.=
　　　He’ll try his best to work hard so that he can catch up with his classmates.
他将尽全力努力学习为了能赶上他的同学。
5. raise money集资，筹款
6. 复习定语从句
Topic2 Cooking is fun
Section A
1、teach sb. to do sth.教某人（如何）做某事
　Eg：You often teach me to be kind to the poor and the old. 你经常教我要善待穷人和老人。
2、It’s very kind of you. 你真是太好了。
It is different for us to finish the task in a short time.
两句中用of 还是for ，取决于形容词是修饰人还是不定式。
4、After that, fill bowels 70%—80% full with bone soup slowly.之后，慢慢地在碗里加7—8分的骨头汤。
fill …with“用……装满”,fill用作动词，构成be filled with等同于be full of译为“充满，装满” 如：
Fill the glass with water.往杯子里注满水（强调动作）
The glass is filled of water.= The glass is full of water. 杯子里装满了水（强调状态）
5、It’s not impolite to smoke during a meal in France. 在法国，吃饭时吸烟不是不礼貌的。 During是介词，后常跟名词或短语，而while是连词，后常跟从句。如：
What did you do during the summer holiday 在暑假期间你做了什么？这里不能用while代替。
6、what does the dinner start with 晚餐先吃什么？
begin/start with 以……开始，如：Let’s start our class with Unit 1.
让我们从第一单元开始上课。
7、Never drink too much during a dinner. 就餐时千万别喝太多。
too much 是用来修饰不可数名词，too many是修饰可数名词，而much too是修饰形容词和副词。如：too much water太多的水，too many trees太多的树木，much too tired太累了
7. pick up 抓起，拾起
　eg：In parts of India, they use their fingers and bread to pick up the food .在印度地区，他们用手指和面包来抓食物。
　另外还有“（用车）接（人或物）之意。如： I’ll come to pick you up.我会开车去接你。
Topic3. Welcome to our food festival!
1.enjoy yourselves! 祝你们玩得开心！
enjoy oneself 相当于have a good /nice/great/wonderful time
2.Anything else 还要别的吗？
else译为“别的”“其他的”常修饰疑问词，不定代词并放在所修饰词的后面。如：what else, who else, nobody else, something else等。other也表示“别的”“其他的”，但它修饰名词。如：some other people其他的一些人，other修饰名词people,不能用else代替。
3.The Beijing roast duck smells nice and tastes nice, too. 北京烤鸭闻起来很香尝起来也香。
　① 这里smell和taste都是系动词，后面加上形容词nice表语，构成系表结构，“系动词+adj.”构成系表结构，这类动词还有look, feel, sound, seem, get, turn, become, grow, make, keep等。
②too, also, as well和either 都可以表示“也”，但用法不同：
　also较正式，位置通常接近动词，不用于句末：too多用于口语，位置通常在句末，前面
常有逗号隔开，as well也多用于口语，只用于句末，以上3个词都不用于否定句，而either
却用于否定句。如
　　He also plays the piano.他也弹钢琴。
　　He is a worker, too. 他也是个工人。
　　He plays the guitars as well.他也弹吉他。
　　He was not there ,either.他也不在那里。
4.We must remember that we should eat not only our favorite food but also other healthy food.
　　我们必须记住我们不仅要吃我们喜欢吃的食物，而且还要吃其他有益健康的食物
not only…but also…不但……而且，这种结构属于“对称”的句型，要求only和also
尽量用同样的词语，如：
She not only reads English ,but also speaks French. 她不仅能看懂英语，而且还能说法语。
5.The more regularly we eat, the healthier we are.我们的饮食越有规律，我们身体就越健康。The+比较级……，the+比较级……表越……就越。如：
The more trees we plant, the more beautiful our city is. 我们种越多的树，我们的城市就越漂亮。
6.Not all students have a regular breakfast.并非所有的学生早餐饮食有规律。
Not all译成“并非所有的”，是部分否定。如：
Not all students like swimming. 并不是所有的学生喜欢游泳。
Unit 8 Beautiful Clothes
Topic 1 What a nice coat !
1.what’s it made of 它是由什么做成的？
　be made of意为“由……制成”（看出原料），类似结构的短语还有
　be made from“由……制成”（看不出原料）
　be made in “某物生产于某地”
　be made up of“由……组成”
be made into“把……作成某产品”如：
eg：The table is made of wood.这张桌子是木头制成的。
　　Paper is made from wood.纸是木材做成的。
　　The TV set is made in Japan.这台电视机是日本产的。
　　The medical team is made up of ten doctors.这支医疗队由十位大夫组成。
　　Bamboo can be made into walking sticks and fishing rods. 用竹子可以制成很好的拐杖和钓鱼竿。
2. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。
　“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”如：
The little tree is getting taller and taller.那棵小树越来越高了。
对于多音节的形容词或副词则这样表达more and more+adj/adv.如：
The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 那个女孩变得越来越漂亮了
3.We can get cotton from plants and get wool,silk and leather from animals.
　我们可以从植物中获得棉花，从动物中获得羊毛、丝绸和皮革。
get sth .from/sth./sb.从某事或某人处获得某物。
4. catch one’s eye 意为“吸引某人的注意”如：
　Can you catch the teacher’s eye 你能引起老师的注意吗？
5.What the people there wear depends on their likes and dislikes. 人们的衣着取决于他们的喜好。
depend on 意为“依靠、依赖”如：
We depend on our hard work. 我们依靠我们的努力工作。
6.Some people prefer to dress formally…一些人宁可打扮得正式些
prefer 宁肯，更喜欢……， prefer A to B = like A better than B
eg：I like prefer singing =I like singing better.我更喜欢唱歌。
I prefer swimming to skating.比起滑冰我更喜欢游泳。
7.While many South American people have the same way of dressing as Australia 然而许多南美的人们和澳大利亚有相同的衣着方式。
　While用于对比两件事物，意为“而……，然而……”
Michael is interested in music, while his brother prefers P.E.迈克对音乐感兴趣，而他的兄弟却喜欢体育。
　the same… as 和……一样/相同，反义词：be different from…与……不一样，如：
　My idea is the same as yours, but it’s different from his我的主意和你的一样，但和他的不一样。
8.People first started wearing clothes to protect themselves from the sun ,wind, rain and cold.人们最早穿衣服是为了保护他们不受日晒、风吹、雨打以及寒冷。
protect …from sth/doing sth 阻止……做……
　eg：The trees can protect the sand from moving.树可以防止沙子向前移。
　　　Try to protect your skin from the sun.尽量保护你的皮肤不受太阳暴晒。
Topic2 Different jobs require different uniforms
1.I don’t like uniform because they will so ugly on us. 我不喜欢校服，因为我们穿了它看起来很丑。
look so ugly on us意为“穿在我们身上看起来很丑”
2.I think our school should allow us to design our own uniform. 我认为我们的学校应该允许我们设计自己的校服。
allow“允许、许可”，allow sb .to do sth.“允许某人做某事”如：
Mr.Wang allows us to play football.王老师允许我们踢足球。
3.They are good for patients. 他们对病人有好处。
be good for 对……有益，be bad for 对……有坏处，be good at 擅长于
4.Second,patients can find easily when they are in need. 第二，当病人需要我们时，会很容易地找到我们。
be in need “需要”，与 need同义。如：
When you are in need, you can call me.当你在需要的时候，你可以打电话给我。
5.You should take off your shoes when you enter someone’s home in Japan. 当你进入日本人家的时候，必须先脱掉鞋子。
take off意为“脱下，脱掉”，反义词组是put on. take off还可表示“起飞”
The plane will take off in an hour.飞机将在一小时内起飞。
6.But now ,most of us can dress for ourselves. 但是现在我们大多数人都可以自己打扮。
dress for“为……穿衣服”
put on“穿（戴）上”的动作，反义词take off
eg：He put on his coat and went out.
wear, have …on, be on…“穿（戴）着”的状态。
Eg: Today he is wearing a pink dress.
dress sb./oneself“给别人/自己穿衣服，dress up “乔装打扮”dress后不能接“衣服”类的词作宾语。
Eg: The boy is too young to dress himself.
7.It’s well-known that uniforms are not popular but useful.众所周知，制服不流行但有用。
①It’s well- known…意为“众所周知”如：
It’s well- known that this song is very popular. 众所周知，这首歌很流行。
②not…but… 不是……而是……
He isn’t a teacher but a doctor.他不是一个老师而是一个医生。
Topic3 Let’s go and watch the fashion show
1.There is going to be a fashion show in fashion show in Xidan Shopping center.
在西单购物中心将会有一场时装秀。
There is going to be…是There be结构的将来时,表示某地将举行某项运动，或将有某物。如：There is going to be a football match in our school next week.=There will be a football match in our school next week.我们学校下周将有一场足球比赛。
there is/are going to be=there will be
2. Here come the models. 模特走过来了。
（1）英语中以here或there开头的句子要倒装，除主语是代词外，动词要放在主语之前。
如：Here come Mary! 玛丽来了！
Here come the bus! 车来了！
(2)主语若是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。
　如：Here she comes.她来了。
　　　Here it is.它在这儿。
3. The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture.唐装代表着中国的历史和服装文化。
stand for意为“代表”，如：It stands for Olympics.它代表着奥林匹克。
4. The so-called Tang costume got its name because China became known to other countries during the Han and Tang Dynasties.所谓的唐装是因为中国在汉、唐时期开始文明于世而得名。
（1）so-called所谓的
（2）get one’s name得名 如：The village got its name from the lake in it.这个村庄因村内的湖泊得名。
5.Today the Tang costume can be designed as formal or casual clothes.现在唐装被设计成有正式款的，也有休闲款的。
　be designed as被设计成 如：
They decided that the theater will be designed as a palace.他们决定把那个剧院设计成宫殿模样。
7. Today,few people wear kimonos except for special occasions like weddings and national celebrations.
except for除……之外 如：The roads were clear except for a few cars.
除了几辆小汽车外，马路上空荡荡的。
三．语法学习：跟doing的动词口诀
怎样善于做贡献（What/how about doing ,be good at/do well in doing, make a contribution to doing）
阻止他人放弃练。(stop/prevent/keep sb .from doing, give up doing, practice doing)
有难宁可不介意,（have problems doing, prefer doing sth./to doing sth, mind doing）
建议花时忙完成。(suggest doing, spend doing, be busy doing, finish doing)
使人不禁有信心，(keep sb.doing sth., can’t help doing ,have confidence in doing)
继续展望想未来。（keep/keep on doing, look forward to doing, feel like doing）
惊喜满意又兴奋，（be amazed/surprised at doing, be pleased/satisfied with doing, be excited about doing）
牢记doing值得喜洋洋。(be worth doing, enjoy doing, have fun doing)
九年级英语（仁爱版）语言点归纳
Unit 1 The Changing World
Topic 1 China has developed rapidly in recent years.
1. take place 发生
eg: Great changes have tanken place in my hometown.
2.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy this holiday! 尽管我没时间去旅游，但这个假期我仍然感到很愉快。
　though 从属连词，用来引导让步状语从句，表“虽然；尽管”，不能与but连用。如：
　Though he is poor, he is happy. = He is poor, but he is happy. 尽管他很贫穷，但是他很快乐。
3.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers 请告诉我一些有关中国青少年的一些事情好吗？
　Could /Would you please (not) do sth？请（不）做某事好吗？
　eg: Could you please turn down your radio 请把收音机声音调低好吗？
Would you please not play football here 请不要在这儿踢球好吗？
4.Parents couldn’t afford education for their children. 父母供不起孩子上学。
　afford 常与can, could 或 be able to 连用，尤其用于否定句或疑问句，表“负担得起（做）某事；抽得出（时间）” “(can’t/ couldn’t) afford (to do) sth.”
　eg: We can’t afford (to buy ) this house because we don’t have enough money. 我们买不这房了，因为我们没有足够的钱。
　eg: He felt he couldn’t afford any time to play football. 他觉得自己没有时间踢球了。
5.Our government gives support to poor families. 我们的政府能为贫困家庭提供帮助。
give support to sb.= give sb. support 为某人提供帮助/ 支持
support作动词时表“供养；支持；支撑”，
eg: She had to support her family at the age of ten. 她十岁时就得养家。
His parents supported him in his decision.他的父母支持他的决定。
The two sticks support the tree. 两根木棍支撑着这棵树。
6.Why not go and search the Internet for some information
为什么不上网查找相关信息呢？
search sp. for sth. 搜查某地寻找某物 search sb. for sth. 搜身查找某物
search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb. 搜寻某物/ 某人；
eg: The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民们在树林里寻找失踪的孩子们。
The police searched the man for the stolen money. 警察搜那个男人的身，查找被偷的钱。
He is searching/ looking for his missing keys. 他在寻找他丢的钥匙。
7.We often went hungry because the boss didn’t give us enough food to eat. 我们经常挨饿，因为老板不给我们足够的食物。
　在这里是系动词，表“变得…”,后跟形容词,构成系表结构.
　eg: The food on the table went bad. 桌面上的食物变坏了.
8. One part was used to help support my family, to help send my elder brother to school.
a)one part…the other (part) …一部分……另一部分……
b)elder brother 哥哥
　elder 作形容词时, 是old的比较级, 一般表示家庭成员出生的顺序,在句中只能作定语,可与than连用; 而older表年龄的比较,可与 than连用. 如:
　His elder sister is two older than he. 他的姐姐比他大两岁.
　作名词时, 表 “ 长者; 前辈; 祖先”, 如:
Their customs were handed down by the elders. 他们的风俗习惯是由他们的祖先传下来的.
9. But China has developed rapidly in recent years. 但是近年来,中国发展迅速.
　in recent years 表 “近年来”,常与完成时连用. 如:
　She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years. 近年来,她学到了许多知识.
10. China has made such rapid progress. 中国已经取得如此迅速的进步。
　progress 为不可数名词make progress 取得进步
　make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些/ 许多/ 巨大的进步
11. What has happened to Beijing’s roads now 现在北京的公路发生了什么变化？
　sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事，如：
eg: If anything happens to him, let me know. 万一他有什么不测，就请通知我。
　　　A little accident happened to her yesterday. 昨天她发生了点小意外。
12. They express the rich culture of China as well. 他们也表达了丰富的中国文化。
　as well, too, also均表“也；又”； as well 多用于口语，只用于句末，不用逗号隔开；
　too 多用于口语，用于句末，要用逗号隔开； also 较正式，不用于句末；
　either 用于否定句，表“也不”，与too 对应。
eg: He likes sports as well. = He likes sports, too. = He also likes sports. 他也喜欢运动。
He didn’t come, either. 他也没来。
13.keep in touch with 和…保持联系
eg: Nowadays，we keep in touch with each other by sending e-mails.
14.复习现在完成时
Topic 2 What has happened to the population
1. I really hate to go such a place . 我真讨厌去购物。 -- So do I . 我也是。
　So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“so + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。
eg: Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。
Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。
Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。
如表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“ neither/ nor + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。
eg: Jim wasn’t Chinese, neither/ nor were they.　吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。
Jim can’t speak Japanese, neither can I .　吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。
Jim didn’t go there, neither did I .　吉姆没去那儿，我也没去。
　如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。如：
eg: Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。
Jim swims well. So he does. 吉姆游泳很好，的确如此。
2．At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world. 那时，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
population为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用 “large”或 “small”修饰，提问人口用“what”, 如：
eg: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。
What’s the population of China = How many people are there in China
中国的人口有多少？
3. Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大变化。
　　take place 指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”。如：
eg: The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。
　　happen 指偶然的、没有预料的“发生“，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦。如：
eg: The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。
※两者都不用于被动语态。
4. The population has increased a lot. 人口增长发很多。
increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。
increase by… 指“增加了……”; increase to…指 “增加到……”
5. …and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. 而且世界上大约五分之一的人口生活在中国。
one fifth 是分数表达法。英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词则变为复数，直接在词尾加“s”。
eg: one fourth 四分之一； three fourths 四分之三；
one second 二分之一； two thirds 三分之二
注：分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词要和所修饰的名词保持一致。
6．It has worked well in controlling China’s population.
它在控制人口数量方面取得了显著的功效。
work well in doing sth. 表“在……方面很有功效”,
eg: Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight. 做眼保健操在保护视力方面很有功效。
7. Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.
　be short of… 表 “缺乏……”
eg: She is always short of money at the end of every month. 每个月底她总是缺钱。
　be short for… 表“是……的缩写”,
eg: TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写形式.
8. Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education 所有的中国家庭都能给他们的的孩子提供良好的教育吗？
　offer 表“（主动）给予，提供”
offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”如：
　I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。
　offer to do sth. “（主动）提出做某事”如：
　She offered to cook for her mother. 她提出帮她妈妈煮饭。
8.be strict with 对…要求严格
eg：Our teachers are strict with us.
9.I can’t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.我得花几个小时，才能到大的商场购物。
　a) unless = if not 表“除非…; 如果不”，引导条件状语从句。
eg: I won’t go unless I hear from you. = I won’t go if I don’t hear from you.如果你不通知我，我就不去。
Unless Bill studies hard, he’ll fail in the exam. 如果比尔不努力, 他不会通过考试的.
　b) a couple of… 表 “几个人或几件事”,
eg: a couple of years ago 几年前; a couple of students 几个学生
couple 指任何两件同类的东西;如:
a couple of watches 两只手表； five couples of cats 五对猫
pair 指两件不可分开使用的东西,它们可指两件互不相连的东西(鞋子、袜子等)，也可指两部分构成的一件东西（裤子、剪刀等）。如：
a pair of shoes 一双鞋子 a pair of pants 一条裤子
10.on / about 关于
　on：关于（学术性较强）eg：He is writing a book on medicine.
　about：He is telling us a story about heroes.
11.take measures 采取措施
Eg: China has take measures to reduce the pollution.
四、重点语法
现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：
1．already 和 yet
already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如： He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。
yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet 你已经找到他了吗？
I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。
※ already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇” Have you finished your homework already 难道你已经完成作业了？
2．ever 和 never
ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。
never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：
I have never seen him before.
--Has he ever been abroad 他曾出过国吗？--No, never. 不，从来不。
3．just
just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。
4．before
before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。
Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.
1. Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them.他们一旦发现有人需要帮助，就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。
　a) once 是从属连词，表“一旦……就……”,它的从句为现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，主句则为一般将来时。或者主从句均为过去的某种时态。
eg: Once you become interested in playing computer games, you’ll have trouble giving them up.
一旦你迷上了电脑游戏，你就很难放弃它。
　b) decide on (doing ) sth. 决定（做）某事，相当于 decide to do sth.
eg: They decided on spending the holiday in Hainan. 他们决定在海南度假。
= They decided to spend the holiday in Hainan.
2. The government provides homeless people with nice homes. 政府向无家可归的人们提供舒适的住处。
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物
eg: The school provided the students with food. 这所学校为学生们提供食物。
= The school provided food for the students.
3. I think it’s a wonderful place to live in. 我认为那是一个居住的好地方。
　to live in 是动词不定式，用来修饰前面的名词place. 在不定式中，如动词为不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后必须跟上相应的介词。
eg: There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的事。
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一只笔写字。
4. It is famous because it has been so successful in helping homeless people return to normal lives.
　它很出名是因为它已经成功地帮助无家可归的人重新过上正常的生活。
be successful in doing sth. 成功地做成某事，相当于 succeed in doing sth. 如：
eg: He was successful in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。
They were successful in climbing Mount Huang. 他们成功地登上了黄山。
5．In the past sixteen years, Project Hope has raised about 3 billion yuan.在近十六年来，希望工程已筹集了大约30亿元。
in the past + 若干时间，表“近若干时间来”，用于现在完成时。
eg: They have learnt about 500 English words in the past two months.
近两个月来，他们已经学习了大约500个英语单词。
6.复习直接引语和间接引语和构词法
Unit 2 Saving the earth
Topic 1 I can’t stand the environment here.
1.I can’t stand the environment here. 我无法容忍这儿的环境。
　stand 表“容忍；忍受”，后接名词、代词及动名词做宾语。
eg: I can’t stand that man, he talks too much. 我忍受不了那个人了，他话太多了。
I can’t stand waiting any longer. 我再也等不了了。
2.What do you mean by sth. 某物是什么意思呢
= What’s the meaning of sth = What does sth. mean
3.I hope I can move from here soon. 我希望我能早点从这儿搬走。
当主从句主语一致时，常可转换成不定式短语
= I hope to move from here soon. 我希望早点从这儿搬走。
4．There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.
有几座工厂正往河里排放污水。
There be + sb. / sth. + doing sth. 表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。
eg: There are some birds singing in the tree. 树上有些鸟儿在歌唱。
There is a little girl crying in the street. 街上有个小女孩在哭。
5．stop doing sth. 停止做（正在进行的）事
　stop to do sth. 停下来去做（另一件）事
eg: It’s late. They will stop working and (stop) to have supper. 很迟了。他们将停下来吃晚饭。
The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher. 学生们停止说话去听课。
6．I’m sorry for making so much noise. 很抱歉我弄出这么大的噪音。
be sorry for doing sth. 表对做过的事感到抱歉 be sorry to do sth. 表对当前的事感到抱歉
eg: I’m sorry for waking you up yesterday. 很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。
　　　I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。
　　　I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那个（消息）感到很遗憾。
7． Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,…近来据报道，美国许多青少年的听力和65岁的老人一样差。
no better than… 表“同……(几乎)一样差; 不比……做得好”
eg: Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟.
= Lucy almost did as badly as Lily in the exam.
8.复习现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。
a)“for + 时间段” 与 “since + 时间点” 都表“一段时间”，常用How long 提问。
b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。
Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth
1. It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal. 它（文章）写到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。
　sth. + says that… 此句型中主语是事或物，say表用“文字、数字”说明信息。
eg: It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card. 卡片上写着“新年快乐！”。
The clock says that it is 20:00 now. 这面钟显示现在是20：00。
2. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。
none与no one 的区别：
none “全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。
eg: He has read none of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。
None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。
No one is here. 没有一个在这儿。
none回答how many/ much的问题；no one回答who的问题。 如：
A: How many students come to school by taxi B: None.
有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？ 没有人。
A: How much water is there in the bottle B: None.瓶子里有多少水？ 一点儿也没有。
A: Who is in the room B: No one.谁在房中？没有人。
3.When it rains, the soil will be washed away.下雨时，土壤就会被冲走。
wil