初中英语重点知识归纳讲解及专项训练：宾语从句

本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
宾语从句
重点知识归纳及讲解
　　<一>概述
　　1．在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由从属连词，连接代词或连接副词来引导。它可以作动词，介词或某些形容词的宾语。
　　例如：
　　He said that he knew you.
　　他说他认识你。
　　He asked me why I had come here.
　　他问我为什么来这里。
　　I asked him what he wanted.
　　我问他要什么。
　　Could you tell me if/whether they are all League members
　　你是否能告诉我他们都是团员吗？
　　I’m interested in what he has said.
　　我对他说的话很感兴趣。
　　2．宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。因此，要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。
　　例如：
　　He says that Lily is(will be/ was) a doctor.
　　他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。
　　I’ll tell you what I am doing (did/shall do).
　　或将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。
　　如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句的时态就比较复杂。在这种复合句中，宾语从句的时态可以有：
　　1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进行时。
　　例如：
　　I thought he was old.
　　我认为他老了。
　　He wanted to know who she was waiting for.
　　他想知道她在等谁。
　　2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。
　　例如：
　　He said that he finished reading the book.
　　他说他看完了这本书。
　　3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。
　　例如： She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week.
　　她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。
　　I wasn’t sure if it would rain.
　　我没有把握是否会下雨。
　　4）从句表示普通真理时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。
　　例如：
　　The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.
　　老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。
　　<二>初中阶段学习的宾语从句
　　在带宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句前面一般要有连词（有的可省略）引导。由that引出的宾语从句相当于陈述句；由whether/if引出的宾语从句相当于一般疑问句；由连接代词或连接副词引出的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句。但应该注意的是它们的语序都是陈述句语序。主句是陈述句时，句末不用问号。
　　1．由从属述连词that 引导的宾语从句。在口语和新正式文体中常省略that。
　　例如：
　　He said(that) he would be back.
　　他说他将回来。
　　We knew (that) he had made a mistake.
　　我们知道他犯了一个错误。
　　在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟that引导的宾语从句。
　　例如：
　　I am sure that I have posted the letter.
　　我的确把那封信寄了。
　　I am afraid that you are right.
　　恐怕你是对的。
　　2．由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，
　　例如：
　　Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test
　　你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？
　　Do you know whose child he is
　　你知道他是谁的孩子吗？
　　I can’t find out why the machine doesn’t work well.
　　我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。
　　Do you remember what the teacher said at the class meeting yesterday.
　　你记得老师昨天在班会上说的话吗？
　　Could you tell me how long it will take me to get to the hospital from here
　　你能告诉我从这里到医院需要多长时间吗？
　　I want to know which medicine he has taken.
　　我要知道他服了哪种药。
　　Please tell me who called me just now.
　　请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。 I don’t know whom they are speaking to.
　　我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。
　　He asked me where they were born.
　　他问我他们出生在哪里。
　　Do you remember how much you paid for the coat
　　你记得你买这件外衣付了多少钱吗？
　　3．由从属连词whether 或if引导的宾语从句，在口语中常用if。
　　例如：
　　I don’t know whether/ if this bike is hers.
　　我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。
　　Can you tell me whether/ if your father joined the Party in 1990
　　你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？
　　<三>宾语从句应掌握的要点
　　1．在三种类型的宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。
　　2．在带有宾语从句的复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态的呼应。
　　1）当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。
　　2）当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。
　　3）从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。
　　4）在think, believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。
　　例如：
　　I don’t think you are right.
　　我认为你不对。
　　I don’t believe she will take part in the English evening.
　　我相信她不会参加英语晚会。
　　三、随堂监测A组
　　I. 选择填空:
　　1. Did you hear ______
　　A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say
　　2. Can you tell me ________
　　A. which class you are in B. which class are you in
　　C. you are in which class D. are you in which class
　　3. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______ --- Certainly.
　　A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station
　　C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station
　　4. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday
　　A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went
　　5. Tom asked me ________.
　　A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was
　　C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was
　　6. Excuse me, could you tell me _______
　　A. where’s the teachers’ office B. where’s the bus station
　　C. what’s she doing D. where the post office is
　　7. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______.
　　A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live
　　8. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don’t know _______.
　　A. where does he live B. where he lives
　　C. where is he living D. he lives there
　　9. --- Can you tell me ______ --- Yes, he lives in a small town.
　　A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said
　　10. Have you decided ______ for London
　　A. when will you leave B. when you will leave
　　C. when are you going D. when you are going
　　11. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our tickets
　　A. where do we show B. where shall we show
　　C. where did we show D. where we shall show
　　12. --- What are you interested in about cooking food --- We are all interested in ______.
　　A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. how egg fries D. how does egg fry
　　13. Do you know _______
　　A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it
　　14. Do you know _______ A. whose book is this B. whose book this is
　　C. this book is whose D. who’s book this is
　　15. I don’t know ______ now.
　　A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat
　　16. Does he know ______
　　A. what’s your name B. what name is your
　　C. what your is name D. what your name is
　　17. Do you know ______
　　A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on
　　C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on
　　18. Can you tell me where _______
　　A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is
　　19. He hasn’t decided _______.
　　A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi B. when will he go on a trip to Wuxi
　　C. if he goes on a trip to Wuxi D. when does he go on a trip to Wuxi
　　20. Can you see ________
　　A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading
　　C. what does he read D. he reads what
四、随堂监测B组
　　中考题集：
　　1. --- When are the Shutes leaving for New York
　　---Pardon
　　--- I asked _______.
　　A. when are the Shutes leaving for New York B. when the Shutes are leaving for New York
　　C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York D. when the Shutes were leaving for New York
　　2. Could you tell me ______ I have something interesting to tell him.
　　A. where is Li Hong B. where Li Hong is
　　C. where was Li Hong D. where Li Hong has been to
　　3. --- Could you tell me _______
　　A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving
　　C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start
　　4. I want to know _______.
　　A. what is his name B. what’s his name
　　C. that his name is D. what his name is
　　5. He asked me ________.
　　A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have
　　C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me
　　6. Do you still remember ______ at the meeting
　　A. that Jim said B. what Jim said C. did Jim said that D. what did Jim said
　　7. --- Excuse me, ______ to the nearest bookshop, please
　　--- Go straight and take the second turning on the left.
　　A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way
　　8. Mike, go and see who ______ football on the playground.
　　A. is playing B. plays C. played D. were playing
　　9. The woman still doesn’t know what ______ in her hometown while she was away.
　　A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened
　　10. --- Can I help you --- Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______take to get there
　　A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it
　　11. --- I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term. --- Really Do you know ______
　　A. what subject does he teach B. what subject will he teach
　　C. what subject he teaches D. what subject is he going to teach
　　12. He asked his teacher _______.
　　A. if there was a monster in Loch Ness B. when was Albert Einstein born
　　C. how would the scientists find out the result D. where could he find the library
　　13. Do you know ______ over there
　　A. what happens B. what was happened
　　C. what is happening D. what did happen
　　14. --- Do you know ______ we will arrive at your hometown --- This afternoon.
　　A. when B. why C. if D. where
　　15. Could you tell me ______ to Mount Putuo tomorrow
　　A. how you will go B. how will you go
　　C. how you have gone D. how have you gone
　　16. Could you tell me ______
　　A. which room he lives B. which room he lived
　　C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in
　　17. --- Do you know ______ he is --- He says “1.75 metres”, but I’m not sure.
　　A. how many B. how old C. how far D. how tall
　　18. She said she _______ me five letters in one month.
　　A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote
　　19. Can you tell me ______ she is waiting for
　　A. why B. whose C. whom D. which
　　20. I don’t know ______ he still lives here.
　　A. where B. what C. when D. whether
　　21. --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said, David --- Yes, mum.
　　A. what B. that C. why D. if
　　22. I’d like to know ______.
　　A. when will he give back the tape B. whether has he received higher education
　　C. that he has been busy D. whether she will join in our English evening
　　23. Could you tell me _______
　　A. when shall we start B. who are you waiting for
　　C. where the bus station is D. why were you late
　　24. --- Do you know _______ I’m going to see him. --- Sorry, I don’t know.
　　A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
　　C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
25. He asked me ______.
　　A. who did kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held
　　C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where will the 2008 Olympics be held
　　26. She wanted to know _____ her mother liked the present.
　　A. which B. that C. if D. what
　　27. Could you tell me _______
　　A. who is she B. where’s the nearest fast restaurant
　　C. if he will come tomorrow D. which way is to the underground station
　　28. Do you know if ______ back next week If he ______ back, please let me know.
　　A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come
　　29. --- Can you tell me why ______ --- Because I want to help the people there.
　　A. do you go to Tibet B. did you go to Tibet
　　C. are you going to Tibet D. you are going to Tibet
　　30. --- Where does he come from --- Pardon --- I asked where ______.
　　A. did he come from B. he came from
　　C. he comes from D. does he come from
　　31. You must remember _______.
　　A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
　　C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
　　32. Lily likes _____.
　　A. what her twin sister like B. what her twin sister does
　　C. what is her twin sister like D. what does her twin sister do
　　33. --- Excuse me. Could you tell me ______ get to the plane
　　--- Certainly. Go straight along here.
　　A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can
　　34. Do you know what time _______
　　A. does the train leave B. leaves the train
　　C. the train leave D. the train leaves
　　35. --- I don’t know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us
　　--- He will help us with our English.
　　A. why B. when C. how D. where
　　宾语从句
　　I. 1-5 BADDB 6-10 DCBAB 11-15 DAABC 16-20 DBBAA
　　II. 1-5 DBADD 6-10 BDABC 11-15 CACAA 16-20 DDCCD
　　21-25 ADCCC 26-30 CCCDB 31-35 ABBDA
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网