宾语从句详解及练习

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宾语从句
放在动词后面作宾语的句子，我们称之为“宾语从句”。宾语从句的引导词根据其表达意义的肯定与疑问的差别可以分为三类：一类是由that引导，一类是由whether／if引导，还有一类是由特殊疑问词引导。宾语从句的三要素：引导词、陈述语序、时态一致。
(一)宾语从句的引导词
1. 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念时，如希望、相信、知道、说等，由陈述句变成的宾语从句，用that引导，语序不变。that在句中无实际意义，因此多数情况下that可以省略
Betty thinks (that) books can improve knowledge．贝蒂认为书可以拓展知识。
I hope (that) it will be sunny this afternoon．我希望今天下午天晴。
I believe (that) you’re right．我相信你是正确的。
【注意】并非所有的动词后面都可接that引导的丛句。接that引导的从句的谓语动词不可含有疑问的含义，常见的多是表示观点、看法、意念、要求等慨念的词，如：believe, feel, hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, wish, warn等。
2. 由一般疑问句变成的宾语从句，用if或whether引导, 表示“是否”，原来一般疑问句的语序要变为陈述语序
Does the boy like English 这个男孩子喜欢英语吗
The teacher asked me if the boy liked English. 老师问我这个男孩子是否喜欢英语。
Are they students 他们是学生吗
I don't know if they are students．我不知道他们是否是学生。
【注意】当宾语从句中出现“or not”或“or+供具体选择的内容”时，就只能用whether来引导。
3. 由特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，疑问代词或疑问副词作宾语从句的引导词，并在宾语从句中充当成分，表示对不清楚的人、事物、时间、地点、方式等的询问。原来特殊疑问句的疑问语序要变为陈述语序
He asks how we can help clean the schoo1．他问我们怎样能帮助清洁校园。
I can’t understand why they like watching TV so much. 我不理解他们为什么如此喜欢看电视。
They haven’t decided where they should go for the winter vacation．
他们还没有决定到什么地方去度寒假。
Do you know when we will hold the meeting 你知道我们什么时候开会吗
(二)宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，即宾语从句的主语前不可有be动词、情态动词或助动词do, does, did, have, has, had等
(三)时态一致性
1．当主句是一般现在时或将来时态时，从句可根据具体情况用任何时态
I want to know when they will arrive．我想知道他们什么时候能到达。
I want to know when they arrived．我想知道他们是什么时候到的。
2．当主句是一般过去时态时，从句应该是过去的任何一种时态，比如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等。但如果从句在意义上表达的是一个客观真理则用一般现在时
He asked how we could help protect the environment．他问我们如何能帮助保护环境。
He asked if you had finished doing your homework．他问你是否完成了你的家庭作业。
I knew that he was mending his car at that moment．我知道他那时正在修他的小汽车。
The teacher told us that the Earth goes around the Sun．老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
练习：
1.一Could you please tell me_______
一I live in Guilin, Guangxi．
A．where do you live B．if you live in Guilin
C．where you live D．where you were born
2. 一Excuse me, could you tell me______
一Certainly. Go straight ahead and you will see it on your left．
A．where the post office is B．when you will visit the museum
C．where is the post office D．when will you visit the museum
3. 一Could you tell me_______
—Because she likes her students very much．
A．why so many students like the teacher B．why do so many students like the teacher
C．why did so many students like the teacher D．why so many students liked the teacher
4. My physics teacher said that light________faster than sound.
A．travel B．travels C．travelled D. travelling
5. No one tell us______, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what should we do C. how we should do D. what to do it
6. 一Is the river there beautiful
一This photo will show you________.
A. how does it look like B. what does it 1ook like C. how it likes D. what it looks Iike
7. He asked me if I knew whose pen_______.
A. was it B. it is C. it was D. is it
8. Could you tell me_______we are going mountain hiking tomorrow or not
A. whether B. if C. when D. where
9.They said that they ______ in a week.
A. will come back B. would come back C. come back D. Came back
10. Lucy said she ____such a beautiful piece of music before.
A. hasn’t heard B. hadn’t heard C. doesn’t hear D. didn’t hear
11. You were ill yesterday. (I hear…)
_______________________________________________________________________________
12. How old is he (He doesn't know…)
_______________________________________________________________________________
13. Have they finished the experiment (I want to know…)
_______________________________________________________________________________
14. Does your uncle live in Nanjing (I am not sure…)
_______________________________________________________________________________
15. Who will come to see us (Please ask her…)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：1-10：CAABCDCABB
11. I hear (that ) you you were ill yesterday. 12. He doesn’t know how old he is.
13. I want to know if / whether they have finished the experiment.
14. I am not sure if your uncle lives in Nanjing.
15. Please ask her who will come to see us.
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