2018届高考英语语法动词类复习学案汇总

2018届高考英语语法动词类复习学案汇总
一．动词词义辨析
动词是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。
动词辨义主要指：
1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie,
lay;
hanged,
hung;
rise,
raise;
sit,
seat等。
2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow,
lend;
speak,
say,
talk;
hope,
wish等。
3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise,
advice;
cost,
worth;
pass,
past
等。
4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain,
say;
discover,
invent,
uncover;
find,
find
out等。
5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask,
give,
call,
make,
find,
get,
keep,
want,
see,
hear等。
6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give
in,
give
up,
turn
on,
turn
off,
turn
down,
turn
up等。
因此，根据多年的英语教学经验，我深感一句话的重要：学英语，学语法，抓住动词学到家。
（一）易混动词
1、lay（放）,
lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
中
文
原
形
过
去
式
过去分词
现在分词
说
明
放
lay
laid
laid
laying
及物动词
躺
lie
lay
lain
lying
不及物动词
说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
不及物动词
2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。
3、hear与listen
to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen
to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen
to却用于集中注意力的听。
4、see,
watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are
you
going
to
play
or
only
watch ；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The
little
boy
looked
me
in
the
face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）
5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。
6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He
was
born
in
Shanghai.
而作它用时要用borne。如：She
has
borne
five
children.
但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。
8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be
seated。如：They
were
seated
at
their
desks.
或用seat
oneself,
比如:I
seated
myself
in
the
armchair.
9、borrow,
lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。
10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a
game,
an
argument,
a
battle,
a
prize,
a
contest,
a
race,
a
bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I
have
won
him.
即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。
11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。
12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13、take,
bring
与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。
14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut
your
mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut
up.
在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。
15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer
for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。
16、reach，arrive与get
to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get
to,
arrive(at/in)。
17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost,
spend,
take，但各有不同用法。cost作
“花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如:
she
spent
all
his
money
on
stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It
takes
me
three
hours
to
finish
this
work.
18、lost,
gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost,
gone，但要用
miss时则不能用missed,
而要用missing.
19、have
on,
wear,
put
on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have
on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have
on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put
on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He
was
dressed
in
a
b1ue
suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I
dress
my
children
in
the
morning
every
day.
20、begin与start
begin与Start
均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we
shou1d
have
to
start
early
because
there
was
a
lot
traffic
in
the
street。
21、allow
与permit
allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People
are
not
allowed
to
spit.
22、find与found
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded
in
1949.
23、speak,
say,
talk
与tell
英文中讲有4个词，speak,
say,
talk,
tell，但其中speak,
talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please
speak
English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell
me
a
story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My
watch
was
broken.
It
couldn’t
tell
time
correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It
said
…。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can
you
tell
me
the
difference
between
the
two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The
father
always
speaks
well
of
his
son.。
24、excuse
me
与sorry
excuse
me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25、care
for
与care
to
do
care
for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would
you
care
for
a
cup
of
tea？但care
for作照顾讲时与look
after相同。
26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.),
advice
(n.);
accept(v.),
except(prep.);
pass(v.),
past(prep.);
bathe(v.),
bath(n.);
breathe(v.),
breath(n.);
choose(v.),
choice(n.);
succeed(v.),
success(n.);
27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28、动词
+
副词
+
介词：catch
up
with,
look
forward
to,
come
up
with,
keep
up
with,
go
in
for,
look
down
on,
get
on
with
…
29、动词
+
介词to的词组有：come
to,
stick
to,
object
to,
agree
to,
turn
to,
attend
to,
belong
to,
devote
to,
reply
to
…
30、与in相结合的动词有：give
in,
hand
in,
bring
in,
drop
in,
succeed
in,
take
in,
check
in,
engage
in,
fill
in,
trade
in
…
（二）动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：
1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harry
turned
up
after
the
party
when
everyone
had
left.
晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。
(2)动词+副词(及物)
Please
turn
every
light
in
the
house
off.
请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She
turned
off
all
the
lights
which
had
been
left
on.
她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She
gave
them
away.
她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
I'm
looking
for
my
glasses.
我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's
got
more
work
than
she
can
cope
with.
她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
I
look
forward
to
seeing
you
soon.
我盼望不久就见到你。
注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In
this
way
both
grain
and
vegetable
can
be
well
looked
after.
(不能漏掉after)
这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear
from收到…的来信，hear
of听说。
②look
after照料，look
at看，look
for寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring
back回电话,
ring
off挂断电话,
ring
up打电话
②put
away放好,
put
on穿，上演,
put
up挂起，举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look
for寻找,
call
for去取(某物)，去接(某人),
ask
for请求,
wait
for等候,
send
for派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break
out发生，爆炸,
carry
out进行，开展,
go
out熄灭,
hand
out分发,
let
out放出,
look
out当心,
sell
out卖完,
set
out出发,
take
out取出,
work
out算出。②break
down出毛病,
come
down落下来,
get
down下车,
take
down取下,
write
down写下。
练习：动词词义辨析
1.I
can
hardly
____
the
difference
between
the
two
words.
A.
point
B.speak
C.say
D.tell
2.I
____
you
will
write
me
back
soon.
A.
wish
B.hope
C.want
D.need
3.I
asked
him
to
____
me
a
few
minutes
so
that
I
could
have
a
word
with
him.
A.
spend
B.
spare
C.save
D.
share
4.
Father
will
not
____
us
to
touch
anything
in
his
room
when
he
is
away.
A.
have
B.let
C.
agree
D.
allow
5.I
learned
to
____
a
bicycle
as
a
small
boy.
A.
ride
B.
drive
C.
operate
D.run
6.I
can
____
you
to
the
railway
station
in
my
car.
A.
send
B.pick
C.ride
D.take
7.If
no
one
____
the
phone
at
home,
ring
me
at
work.
A.
answers
B.
returns
C.
replies
D.
receives
8.1
don't
know
the
restaurant,
but
it's____
to
be
quite
a
good
one.
A.said
B.told
C.spoken
D.talked
9.
These
boxes
are
too
heavy
for
your
mother,
you'd
better____
them
for
her.
A.
bring
B.
carry
C.take
D.
fetch
10.
There
was
a
fight
in
the
street
yesterday.
Three
people
were
seriously
____.
A.
hurt
B.
killed
C.
broken
D.cut
11.
Careless
driving
____
a
lot
of
highway
accidents.
A.
affects
B.
gives
C.
causes
D.
results
12.
I've____my
umbrella
in
the
office
and
I'll
have
to
fetch
it.
A.
forgot
B.left
C.
remained
D.lost
13
.The
doctor
says
a
few
days'
rest
in
a
quiet
place
will
____
you
a
lot
of
good.
A.
make
B.do
C.give
D.get
14.
His
heart
____
fast
when
the
teacher
asked
him
a
difficult
question.
A.
beat
B.hit
C.
jumped
D.ran
15.
The
cooking
chicken
____
very
good.
A.
smells
B.
feels
C.
sounds
D.
tastes
16.
Most
children
stay
at
home
until
they
____
school
age.
A.
get
B.come
C.
reach
D.
arrive
17.
A
single
mistake
here
could
____
you
your
life.
A.
pay
B.take
C.
spend
D.cost
18.
The
boy
works
hard.
I____
him
to
succeed
in
the
exam.
A.
like
B.
expect
C.
think
D.need
19.
We
____
each
other
the
best
of
luck
in
the
examination.
A.
hoped
B.
wanted
C.
expected
D.
wished
20.
I'm
afraid
Mr
Brown
isn't
in.
Would
you
like
to____a
message
A.give
B.leave
C.carry
D.take
21.
Do
you
know
the
girl
____
a
red
coat
A.
dressed
in
B.
had
on
C.
wore
D.
put
on
22.
The
assistant
suggested
Mary
____
the
blue
skirt.
A.
buying
B.
bought
C.
to
buy
D.
could
buy
23.
Our
teacher
suggested
Wang
Lin
____
to
America
for
further
study.
A.
should
send
B.
would
be
sent
C.
sending
D.be
sent
24.
Old
Mr
Jackson
insisted
____
to
the
Friendship
Hospital.
A.
on
being
sent
B.
to
send
C.
on
sending
D.
being
sent
25.
The
father
insisted
that
their
son
Tom
____
clever
enough
to
study
music.
A.
be
B.
should
be
C.was
D.
would
be
26.I
____
the
television
set
for
1,500
yuan.
A.
bought
B.paid
C.cost
D.
spent
27.I
____
play
football
than
basketball.
A.
would
rather
B.
had
better
C.
like
better
D.
prefer
28.
-
What
are
you
doing
-
I'm
looking____
the
children.
They
should
be
back
for
lunch
now.
A.after
B.at
C.for
D.up
29.
The
sports
meet
will
be
____
till
next
week
because
of
the
bad
weather.
A.
put
off
B.
put
away
C.
put
up
D.
put
down
30.I
really
don't
want
to
go
to
the
party,
but
I
don't
see
how
I
can
____
it.
A.
get
back
from
B.
get
out
of
C.
get
away
D.
get
off
31.
Readers
can
____
quite
well
without
knowing
the
exact
meaning
of
each
word.
A.
get
over
B.
get
in
C;
get
along
D.
get
through
32.
Many
foreigners
____
the
Great
Wall
as
the
World's
Seventh
Wonder.
A.
look
at
B.
look
for
C.
look
around
D.
look
on
33.1
can'
t
hear
clearly.
Please
____
the
radio
____
a
little.
A.tum;on
B.tum;off
C.tum;down
D.tum;up
34.
Thirty
people
were
expected,
but
only
twenty
-
four
____.
A.
turned
in
B.
turned
up
C.
turned
to
D.
turn
up
35.
The
child
is
running
a
high
fever.
We
must____
a
doctor
at
once.
A.
send
in
B.
send
out
C.
send
for
D.
send
up
36.
I'm
going
to
a
pop
concert
with
Tom.
He'll
____
me
at
eight
and
we'll
go
there
togethe;
A.
call
for
B.
call
in
C.
call
on
D.
call
up
37.
It
is
often
easier
to
make
plans
than
it
is
to
____.
A.
carry
on
them
B.
carry
out
them
C.
carry
them
on
D.
carry
them
out
38.
Your
composition
must
be
____
after
class.
A.
handed
to
B.
handed
out
C.
handed
in
D.
handed
over
39.
A
new
school
was
____
in
the
village
last
year.
A.
held
up
B.
set
up
C.
sent
up
D.
brought
up
40.
-
When
did
the
plane
____
-At
2
o'clock.
A.
take
off'
B.
take
up
C.
take
away
D.
take
place
41.
____!
There's
danger
ahead.
A.
Look
at
B.Look
up
C.Look
on
D.Look
out
42.Let's____
to
clean
the
house.
It's
too
dirty.
A.set
about
B.set
out
C.set
off
D.set
down
43.I
used
to
____
my
teacher
when
I
was
in
Beijing.
A.
call
in
.
B.
call
at
C.
call
for
D.
call
on
44.
He
____
from
his
family
and
settled
down
in
America.
A.
broke
away
B.
broke
out
C.
broke
up
D.
broke
in
45.
He
had
to
____
his
father's
business
after
his
death,
though
he
didn't
really
want
to
continue
it.
A.
carry
out
B.
pick
up
C.
set
up
D.
carry
on
46.
The
robbers
had
no
trouble
in
____
the
bank,
but
when
they
came
out
,the
police
were
waiting
for
them.
A.
breaking
out
B.
breaking
into
C.
breaking
up
D.
breaking
away
from
47.
Autumn
is
coming.
The
farmers
are
busy____
the
crops
in
the
fields.
A.
moving
in
B.
sharing
in
C.
handing
in
D.
getting
in
48.
All
the
students
____
their
holidays
to
take
part
in
planting
trees.
A.
gave
out
B.
gave
in
C.
gave
up
D.
gave
away
49.
He
was
always
the
last
to
leave
in
order
to
clean
up
the
workroom
and
____
the
tools.
A.
put
away
B.
take
away
C.
push
aside
D.
look
after
50.____
this
article
and
tell
me
what
you
think
of
it.
A.
Look
up
B.
Look
on
C.
Look
into
D.
Look
through
答案：
1~5
DBBDA
6~10
CAABA
11~15
CBBAA
16~20
CDBDB
21~25
AADAC
26~30
AACAB
31~35
CDCBC
36~40
ADCBA
41~45
DBDAD
46~50
BDCAD
动词及动词短语模拟训练专项
1．The
news
was
a
terrible
blow
to
her,
but
she
will
_____
the
shock
soon.
A.
get
out
B.
get
through
C.
get
off
D.
get
over
2.The
sound
of
the
music
____louder
and
louder
as
the
band
marched
nearer
to
me.
A.
grew
B.
felt
C.
appeared
D.
remained
3.
Off
the
east,
the
sky
looked
pale
enough
to
____
the
storm
would
be
passing
quickly.
A.
suggest
B.
report
C.
prove
D.
explain
4.—Have
you
finished
your
homework
yet
—Not
yet,
I
___
to
do
it
just
a
few
minutes
ago.
A.
get
down
B.
set
out
C.
set
about
D.
set
up
5．The
thing
that
_____
is
not
whether
you
fail
or
not,
but
whether
you
try
or
not.
A.
matters
B．cares
C．considers
D．minds
6.—So
how
is
your
new
roommate
—She
really
_____.
She’s
always
making
loud
noises
at
midnight
and
when
I
remind
her,she
always
makes
rude
remarks.
A.
turns
me
off
B.
turns
me
down
C.
turns
me
out
D.
turns
me
over
7.
To
be
honest,
I
don’t
quite
____
with
you
some
general
views
on
the
weather.
A.
did
B.
allow
C.
bother
D.
share
8.
Don’t
mention
that
at
the
beginning
of
the
story,
or
it
may
____
the
shocking
ending.
A.
give
away
B.
give
out
C.
give
up
D.
give
off
9.
The
old
houses
are
being
pulled
down
to
____
a
new
office
block.
A.
supply
with
B.
make
use
of
C.
make
room
for
D.
take
the
place
of
10.
It
is
fashionable
to
drive
a
car,
but
to
drive
a
car
is
not
nearly
as
difficult
as
it
is
imagined
on
condition
that
you
________
the
specialized
rules.
A.
give
up
B．stick
to
C．insist
on
D．connect
to
11.
Will
you
my
composition
to
find
out
whether
I’ve
made
any
spelling
mistakes
A.
look
through
B．look
on
C．look
up
D．look
out
of
12.
As
is
known
to
us
all,
failure
usually
_
__
laziness
while
diligence
can
______
success.
A.
results
from,
lie
in
B.
results
in,
result
from
C.
leads
to,
lie
in
D.
results
from,
result
in
13.
He
has
been
fired
and
will
have
to
over
charge
of
his
office
tomorrow.
A.
take
B．hand
C．get
D．go
14.
His
aunt’s
letters
him
of
those
beautiful
days
when
they
used
to
live
together
in
his
hometown.
A.
call
up
B．call
for
C．call
on
D．call
at
15.
—Did
you
reach
the
top
of
the
mountain
—Yes.
Even
I
myself
didn’t
believe
I
could
it.
A.
work
B．climb
C．get
D．make
16.
In
Britain
today
women
44%
of
the
workforce,
and
nearly
half
the
mothers
with
children
are
in
paid
work.
A.
build
up
B．make
up
C．take
up
D．send
up
17.
We
trust
you
;
only
you
can
him
to
give
up
smoking
.
A.
suggest
B．attract
C．advise
D．persuade
18.
—Have
a
good
rest
;
you
need
to
your
energy
for
the
football
match
this
afternoon
.
—Thanks
a
lot
.
A.
leave
B．save
C．hold
D．get
19.
In
that
country,
guests
usually
feel
that
they
are
not
highly
________
if
the
invitation
to
a
dinner
party
is
given
only
three
or
four
days
before
the
party
date．
A.
regarded　　
B.
thought
C.
admired
D.
concerned
20.
Difficulties
and
hardships
have
________
the
best
character
of
the
young
geologist.
A.
brought
in　　
B.
brought
up
C.
brought
out
D.
brought
about
21.
Our
daughter
doesn’t
know
what
to
at
the
university
;
she
can’t
make
up
her
mind
about
her
future
.
A.
take
in
B．take
up
C．take
over
D．take
on
22.
Ling
Feng
won
the
first
prize
in
the
national
English
competition
and
I’m
glad
that
her
efforts
at
last
________.
A.
worked
out
B．got
back
C．paid
off
D．turned
out
23.
The
Browns
sent
lots
of
invitations
for
their
party.
But
because
of
the
improper
time,
few
people
_____
it.
A.
attended
B．accepted
C．received
D．enjoyed
24.
I
think
John
will
a
good
monitor,
so
I’d
like
to
vote
for
him.
A.
turn
B．change
C．elect
D．make
25.
The
girl
_____
to
be
a
good
dancer
if
she
is
well
trained
in
an
art
school.
A.
expects
B．allows
C．wishes
D．promises
26.—What
do
you
think
of
Andrew

—There
are
some
things
that
are
not
easy
to
,
and
his
coldness
is
one
.
A.
put
aside
B．put
up
with
C．think
of
D．get
along
with
27.—Does
he
know
how
to
work
out
the
problem

—Yes
,
he
has
a
good
idea
to
solve
it
.
A.
caught
up
with
B．kept
up
with
C．come
up
with
D．put
up
with
28.
—Will
Thursday
or
Friday
you

—Either
will
.
A.
fit
,
be
B．fit
,
OK
C．suit
,
all
right
D．suit
,
do
29.
Eating
too
much
fat
can
heart
disease
and
cause
high
blood
pressure
.
A.
result
from
B．contribute
to
C．attend
to
D．devote
to
30.
It
suddenly
to
the
detective
that
the
millionaire
was
probably
murdered
by
his
own
daughter.
A.
happened
B．occurred
C．thought
D．took
place
【答案解析】
1.
D
本题考查相近动词短语的词义辨析能力。四个词组只有get
over有克服之意。故选D。
2.
A
grow
变得，表示一个渐进的过程；feel，认为，感觉；
appear
显得；remain
保留，依然。题干中的as是关键词，表示“随着乐队向我们走的越来越近，音乐的声音也变得越来越大”。
3.
A
本题检测近义动词的辨析能力。suggest暗示，意味着；report报告；prove证明；explain解释。本句句义为“东方灰蒙蒙的天空暗示着暴风雪即将来临。”
4.
B
get
down
to
doing
sth
开始做某事，set
out
to
do
sth
着手做某事，set
about
doing
sth
开始做某事，set
up
建立。故选B。
5.
A
本句句意为：重要的事情是：不是你失败与否，而是你是否努力了。matter：be
important，故选A。
6.
A
turn
sb
off
使某人厌烦或厌恶
turn
sb
down
：拒绝，不理会
turn
sb
out
：赶走某人，turn
sb
over
：使某人翻身。本句语言环境为：我的新室友经常在深夜制造噪音，当我提醒她时，她却说脏话。她的这些举动当然令我生厌。故选A。
7.
A
本题的句式结构变一下，就可看出本题考查的是share
sth
with
sb.故选D。
8.
A
本句句意为：不要在故事的开头提及它，否则，那会泄露事故结尾。give
away
:泄露。故选A。
9.
C
旧房子被推倒目的是给新办公楼腾出地方。make
room
for
为…
腾出空间。故选C。
10.
B
give
up
：放弃，stick
to
:not
change,
keep
to
sth
坚持或维持某事物，insist
on
：demand
坚持要求
，connect
to
与…有联系。只要你坚持（遵守）交通规则，开车并不像想象的那么难，故选B。
11.
A
你能否浏览一下我的作文，看一下是否有拼写错误？look
through：浏览.翻阅，故选A。
12.
D
result
from：因…而发生，后接原因；lie
in：存在于，后接原因；result
in
产生某种结果，lead
to：导致，后接结果。失败是因为懒惰，而勤奋则导致成功，故选D。
13.
B
他被解雇了，明天不得不移交对公司的管理权。hand
over：把…
移交…，take
over：接收.接管，get
over：克服，go
over：复习。故选B。
14.
A
call
up：想起某事物.回忆某事，call
for：需求.需要，call
on：号召.请求拜访（某人），call
at：拜访（某地）。他婶婶的信使他想起了他们在一起度过的日子，故选A。
15.Ｄ
make
it
:be
successful.甚至我自己都不相信我能成功地攀上山顶。climb
it
只表示爬山，不能表示爬到山顶,故选D.
16.
B
build
up:变得更大.更多或更强；make
up组成，构成某事物；take
up:占据；send
up
发射。今天的英国，妇女构成了劳动力的44%，故选B。
17.
D
我们相信你，只有你才能说服他戒烟。suggest不跟动词不定式，attract:吸引；advise:只是劝说而已，persuade:劝服，说服，故选D。
18.
B
好好休息一下，你需要为足球比赛保存体力。save:
keep
sth
for
future
use:储存.保存，故选B。
19.
A
在那个国家，赴宴会的邀请书仅在宴会前三.四天收到，会让客人感到他们不被重视。regarded:重视，若选B，则应用thought
of，故选A。
20.
C
bring
in:逮捕，搜集；bring
up:培养；bring
out:产生某种品质；bring
about:使……发生。本句意为：困难和困苦已经使那名年轻的地质学家形成了优秀的品格。故选C。
21.
B
take
in:吸收.包括；take
up:
从事……；take
over接管；take
on
呈现。我女儿不知在大学里学习什么专业，故选B。
22.
C
pay
off：偿还，偿清，回报，努力付出终有回报，故选C。
23.
A
it指代的是party。因为时间不合适。很少人出席了晚会，故选A。
24.
D
make：变成。我认为John会是一名好班长的，所以我投了他一票。若用A，则应变成turn
into或去掉冠词a，故选D。
25.
D
如果那个女孩在艺校进行良好的训练，她有望成为一名好舞蹈家，promise使……很有可能，有望。故选D。
26.
B
put
aside：储存，把……放到一边；put
up
with忍受，容忍；
think
of考虑；get
along
with：与……相处，进展；
谈到Andrew,有很多事情不能容忍，冷酷便是其中之一。故选B。
27.
C
catch
up
with：跟上，赶上；keep
up
with：跟上；come
up
with
找到，想起；put
up
with：容忍.忍受，他已找到了解决问题的方法。故选项C。
28.
D
fit
作动词时，表示衣服的大小是否适合，排除A.
B两项。若选C，则应用be
all
right。do：be
sufficient
or
satisfactory
for
sb.故选D。
29.
B
吃太多的脂肪容易导致心脏疾病和高血压，contribute
to:导致.促成。故选B
30.
B
occur
to
sb
:come
into
a
person’s
mind想到.想起。侦探突然想起百万富翁有可能被他女儿所杀；happen
to
sb某人发生了什么事。故选B
二．动词和动词词组
概述
：
动词和动词词组的考查是单项填空的重中之重。主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析，如：develop发展——冲洗；meet见面——满足；cover覆盖——涉及等；拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词有：hang(hanged绞死，hung悬挂)；lay(laid,
laid)放置；lie(lied,
lied)说慌；lie(lay,
lain)平卧等。
其中，常见动词及动词近义词辨析是高考动词类的热点问题。
热点1
几个常见的谓语动词
常见动词及其搭配是动词类的热点，非常值得注意。以下归纳几个常见动词，其目的就是要让考生在平时的学习过程中学会不断积累和总结。
1.关于make
（1）make当“做、制造”解时，可跟双宾语，间接宾语用for
引导。如：
He’ll
make
me
a
kite.=He’ll
make
a
kite
for
me.他将给我制作一个风筝。
（2）make通常与一些表示动作的名词连用。如：
①
make
a
study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/
speech/report/face/plan/success/living/difference
②make
an
explanation/experiment/excuse/effect/apology…to
sb
③
make
preparations/progress/room…for
sb
④
make
one’s
way/bread
tea
coffee/up
one’s
mind/no
answer
(3)make作使役动词时,表示
“使……做某事、使……成为“，可跟复合结构，其中的宾补可以是：
①形容词：They
are
trying
to
make
our
country
beautiful.他们在努力使我们的国家变得美丽。
②名词：I
would
make
you
king
over
the
earth.我会使你灰飞烟灭地球之王。
③过去分词：What
made
him
so
frightened 什么使他如此害怕？
④省去to
的不定式：The
boy
made
faces
just
to
make
the
other
students
laugh.这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使其他孩子发笑。
注意：make在被动语态中一定要接带to的不定式。如：
No
one
is
ever
made
to
be
hero.没有天生的英雄。
[典例1]The
regulations
were
made_____
children
after
the
accidents.
A.
protect
B.
to
protect
C.
protecting
D.
to
be
protected
解析
B
在句中因为make用的是被动语态，故其后一定要接带to的不定式，作主语补足语。
⑤构成：make
it
+adj.
+to
do
sth./that-clause使（做）某事成为……。
[典例2]The
manager,
______it
clear
to
us
that
he
didn’t
agree
with
us
,left
the
meeting
room.
A.
who
has
made
B.
having
made
C.
made
D.
making
解析
B
关于make用法的考查。根据句子结构分析可以判断，主句为：The
manager
left
the
meeting
room.,中间的部分为分词短语作状语，且动作发生在主句left动作之前，而又并非现在完成时，故排除A。现在分词的完成式先于主句的谓语动词而发生，故选B。
（4）make作“制造、组成”时构成的词组，常使用被动语态。
①成品+be
made
of
+原料（看得出原料）
②成品+be
made
from+原料（难看或看不出原料）
③原料+be
made
into+成品
④成品+be
made
by+执行者\制造者
⑤成品+be
made
in+地点
⑥物体\组织+be
made
up
of
+若干成份
[典例3]
The
old
cottage
can
be______
temporary(临时的)houses.
A.
made
into
B.
made
of
C.
made
by
D.
made
in
解析A
此句句意为：这栋旧别墅可以改装成临时住宅。被动词组be
made
into符合句意。
（5）make构成的两个常用词组：
①make
up(for)弥补，虚构，缝制，化妆，整理等。如：make
up
jokes编笑话；make
up
a
poem/a
story/a
song编诗歌/故事/歌曲。再如：
They
hurried
on
to
make
up
for
lost
time.
他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。
The
boy
made
up
a
story;
it
was
not
true.
男孩儿编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
She
made
up
her
face
to
look
prettier.
她化了妆以便看上去更漂亮些。
[典例4]Everybody
in
the
village
likes
Jack
because
he
is
good
at
telling
and
______jokes.(2005·江苏卷)
A.
turning
up
B.
putting
up
C.
making
up
D.
showing
up
解析C
动词搭配与辨析。turn
up
找到，发现，出现；put
up
举起，抬起，进行；show
up揭露，露出，露面。而make
up
jokes为“编笑话”，与句意吻合。
②make
full/good/the
best
use
of
充分利用。如：
We
must
make
the
best
use
of
the
fine
weather.我们必须充分利用这好天气。
Let’s
make
use
of
this
opportunity
to
practice
our
spoken
English.让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口语。
2.关于consider
（1）作“考虑”讲时，可跟名词/代词/从句或跟连接代词/副词+to
do或跟动名词连用。如：
Have
you
considered
how
to
get
there 你考虑过如何去那里了吗？
He
considered
going
to
see
them
in
prison.他考虑去监狱探试他们。
（2）作“认为……，把……当作”讲时，consider+宾语+宾补，作宾补的可以是名词/形容词/不定式（不定式完成式）。如：
I
consider
him
to
be
a
fool.我把他当作一个傻子看待。
（3）注意结构：consider
it
+
n/
adj.
+
to
do
sth.
I
consider
it
necessary
to
study
English.我认为学英语很有必要。
（4）consider…(as)…表示“把（某人或某物）看作……”。如：
Most
people
considered
him
as
a
hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄。
[典例5]
Many
things_____
impossible
in
the
past
are
common
today.
A.
considering
B.
to
consider
C.
considered
D.
being
considered
解析C
动词consider的非谓语考查形式。剖析其结构：Many
things
are
common
today.为主句。considered
是过去分词短语作定语修饰many
things,
impossible在被动语态中为主语补足语。适用于“consider+宾语+宾补”结构。故选C
3.关于keep
（1）keep用作及物动词，表示“使……继续处于某种状态”，其后的宾补可以是：
①现在分词
如：Don’t
keep
your
mother
waiting.别让你母亲再等。
②过去分词
如：His
clothes
seemed
to
be
just
pulled
on
to
keep
him
covered.他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的。
③副词
如：This
helps
to
keep
the
cold
out.这有助于御寒。
④介词短语
如：He
kept
them
in
the
classroom
after
school.放学后，他让他们呆在教室里。
⑤形容词
如：The
nurses
keep
her
very
clean.护士们将她整理得非常整法。
(2)keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。如：keep
silent/quiet/cool/fit…
(3)keep
doing
与keep
on
doing
①表示“决心、毅力、顽强意志力和强调动作的反复”时，多用keep
on
doing
。
如：Don’t
give
up
hope,
keep
on
trying.别放弃希望，要不断努力。
②表示持续状态常用keep
doing
。如：
We’ve
kept
hoping
to
go
to
college.
我们一直希望上大学。
③keep/keep
on一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。
如：常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving
。
[典例6]Keep
______after
meals,
then
you’ll
be
in
good
health.
A.
walking
B.
sleeping
C.
standing
D.
sitting
解析
A
keep
doing的特殊用法。此种结构一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。而sleeping
,standing,
sitting都是表示短暂性动作的动词。故选A。
（4）其它搭配
keep
back
阻止，落在后面
keep…out
(of)使……在外，不让……入内
keep
away
不接近，避开
keep
…from
阻止，抑制，避免于
keep
off
让开，不接近
keep
up
坚持，继续，保持，（斗争）不低落
keep
up
with跟上，赶上，不落后于
keep
in
touch
with与……保持联络
[典例7]We
read
the
newspaper
every
day
to
______the
present
affairs.
A.
keep
up
B.
keep
up
with
C.
catch
up
with
D.
keep
in
touch
with
解析
B
keep词组考查题。根据句意：我们每天读报是为了跟上当前形势。keep
up
坚持；keep
up
with跟上，赶上；catch
up
with
赶上，逮捕；keep
in
touch
with
与……保持联络。只有B项与句意吻合。
4.关于go
（1）go的过去分词形式gone多用作表语，意为“（人）不在了、走了”，“（物）丢了、用完了”，如：The
necklace
was
gone.这条项链丢了。
Liu
Mei
is
already
gone.刘梅已经走了。
比较：He
is
already
gone.(强调无目的)
He
has
gone.(强调有目的、方向)
（2）go
有“……说的”之意。常用于“the
story
goes…据说；as
the
saying
goes正如格言所说”。如：As
the
saying
goes,
“Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.”正如格言所说，“有志者，事竟成”。
[典例8]As
a
Chinese
old
saying______,
“Good
fortune
lies
within
bad,
bad
fortune
lies
within
good.”
A.
goes
B.
say
C.
is
said
D.
is
written
解析
A
与本词条中的含义吻合即用在谚语前表示“……说的、叫做”。
（3）go为终止性动词，不与表示时间段的状语连用。（见时态和语态专题）
（4）go
to常与go
to
attend意义相同，多与一些表示活动的名词连用。如：
go
to
college/a
meeting/an
English
party/a
concert/a
dance/a
film/a
lecture/a
dinner…等。
（5）注意区别：
go
on
doing
sth.继续做同一个动作
go
on
to
do
sth.做完一个接着干另一个
go
on
with
sth.同一事件中断后又接着做
He
went
on
speaking
of
his
war
experiences.他继续说着他的战争经历。
比较He
went
on
to
speak
of
his
war
experiences.(=He
began
speaking
of
them
after
he
had
finished
speaking
of
something
else.)他做完了别的之后，又继续说他的战争经历。
They
went
on
with
their
work
at
the
empty
loom
until
late
into
the
night.他们在一张空织布机上不停地工作直至深夜。
(6)其它搭配
go
to
rest/sleep/bed休息/睡觉
go
out
for
a
walk/ride/swim/bath/drive…外出散步/骑车/游泳/洗澡/兜风
go
shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking…购物/钓鱼/射击/游泳/散步
go
about着手做，从事
go
ahead
前进，进行
go
all
out
for
sth./to
do
sth.全力以赴
go
in
for
sth.从事于，酷爱，参加
go
over仔细检查，润色（文稿），复习
go
through经历，经受
go
up
上涨
5.关于agree
（1）agree
一般用作不及物动词，因此，其后不能直接带宾语。如其后跟从句，则可作及物动词。可跟不定式，但不跟不定式的复合结构。
（2）区别：
①表示“同意某人的看法”。常说：agree
with
sb./what
sb
says。
②表示“适合、合适”。如：
agree
with
This
climate
doesn’t
agree
with
me.这里的气候不适合我。
③表示“一致、协调”。如：
The
verb
must
agree
with
its
subject
in
person
and
number.动词必须与人称和数保持一致。
agree
to
表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”。常可说：
agree
to
a
plan/an
arrange
ment/a
proposal/a
decision.
agree
on
/upon表示“对……取得一致意见”。如：
They
both
agreed
on
the
plan,他们两个都同意这个方案。
[典例9]
I
don’t
_____people
smoking
all
day
long.
A.
agree
B.
agree
to
C.
agree
on
D.
agree
with
解析
B
考查动词agree及词组辨析。agree为不及物动词，不带宾语；agree
on/upon表示“对……取得一致意见”；agree
with表示“同意某人的看法”；agree
to
表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”，符合句意。
热点2
常见动词近义词辨析
常见动词近义词很多，有必要掌握以下常见词类：
1.关于win,
defeat,
beat和gain
(1)win作“赢”讲时，其宾语常是：war,
battle,
game,
match,
argument,
a
victory,
the
prize,100
yuan,
a
race,
honor
for,
the
praise,
the
first
place…等，而不能是表示人的名词。
(2)
beat及物动词，后面的宾语是“对手”，表示结果。如：
beat
sb.
in
…在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人。
beat
him
at
table
tennis在乒乓球赛中击败他
(3)defeat
sb.在战斗、战争、比赛中击败对手。强调暂时行为。如：
defeat
the
enemy
in
the
war在战争中击败敌人
(4)gain及物动词，表示“获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”。如：
gain
experience/wealth/a
reputation/the
time/the
marks/the
rank/the
prize/one’s
respect/success/knowledge/one’s
living/happiness/a
salary/an
honor…。
[典例1]Our
basketball
team____
theirs
by
a
score
of
100:98.
A.
won
B.
defeat
C.
beat
D.
gained
解析
C近义词辨析题。根据win不和theirs(their
teams)搭配；defeat与sb.连接；gain常有“获得……”，也不与theirs搭配。只有beat与“（击败的）对手”搭配，强调结果，故选C。
2.关于fit,
suit和match
(1)fit作及物动词，表示“适合、配上、合身”。如：
This
coat
fits
her
nicely.这件外套非常合适。
The
key
doesn’t
fit
the
lock,这把钥匙不合这把锁。
（2）作形容词，表示“适合、健康”常构成be
fit
for
。如：
He
is
fit
for
the
job,他适合这份工作。
The
water
is
fit
to
drink.这水适合喝。
（3）作不及物动词，表示“吻合、合身”。如：
Does
the
coat
fit 这件大衣合身吗？
（4）suit作适合，常强调颜色、款式等适合某人，而fit则强调大小合身。如：
That
color
doesn’t
suit
your
complexion(肤色)。这颜色不适合你的肤色。
（5）match表示“在（品质、颜色、设计等方面）与……相配”。如：
Carpets
should
match
the
curtains.地毯必须与窗帘区配。
[典例2]The
red
tie
you
bought
doesn’t
______my
coat.
A.
fit
B.
fit
for
C.
suit
D.
match
解析D
近义词辨析题目。fit作及物动词，表示大小合身；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用be
fit
for;
suit
强调“款式合适”，只有match强调“与……匹配”。故选D。
3.关于cost,
spend,
take和pay
(1)从意义上讲，都可表示“花钱”。如：“我花10元钱买衬衣”。这一句话可有四种翻译：
The
shirt
cost
me
ten
yuan.
I
spent
ten
yuan
on
the
shirt.
It
took
me
ten
yuan
to
buy
the
shirt.
I
paid
ten
yuan
for
the
shirt.
(2)结构搭配上的不同
①spend的主语只能是人。
常用结构：sb.
+spend(s)+time/money
on
sth./in
doing
sth.
②cost的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。
常用结构：sth.
+cost(s)+
sb.
+time/money
③take的主语多为指物的名词。
常用结构：It
+
takes
+time/
money
+to
do
sth.
④pay的主语是人，为买某物而付钱。
常用结构：sb.
+pay(s)+
money
+for
sth.
[典例3]
I
_____the
coat
in
the
supermarket
for
260yuan.
A.
cost
B.
paid
C.
pent
D.
bought
解析
D近义词辨析题。用cost,则主谓搭配不当；用pay，则260
yuan作宾语；用spend,则与for
260
yuan搭配不当；应选用buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合。
4.关于hurt,
wound,
injure和harm
(1)hurt:表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦，强调疼痛感”。如：
Many
people
were
hurt
when
a
bus
and
a
truck
collided.
一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。
（2）wound:表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤，特别是在战争中受伤”。如：The
soldier
was
wounded
in
the
arm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。
（3）injure:表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。如：
There
were
two
people
injured
in
the
car
accident.
有两个人在车祸中受了伤。
（4）harm:
表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失，其对象可以是自己，也可以是其他人或物”。如：Our
dog
won’t
harm
you.我们的狗不会伤害你的。
Getting
up
early
won’t
harm
you!早起对你没有坏处。
[典例4]There
was
an
unexpected
explosion
in
our
street,
but
our
building
wasn’t_____
at
all
.
A.
hurt
B.
wounded
C.
harmed
D.
injured
解析
C
近义词辨析题目。hurt强调“精神或肉体上的疼痛”；wound强调“刀、枪伤”；harm强调“危害、损失”；injure强调“意外伤害”。名意为：我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故，但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损。故用harmed合句意。
重点
1
两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词
1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词
hang
hanged
hanged(绞死)
lay
laid
laid(放置)
hang
hung
hung(悬挂)
lie
lied
lied(说慌)
lie
lay
lain(平卧)
find
found
found(发现)
fall
fell
fallen(跌倒)
found
founded
founded(建立)
fell
felled
felled(砍伐、击倒)
fail
failed
failed（失败）
[典例1]
The
carpet
where
he
_____was
warm
and
comfortable,
so
he
slept
soundly.
A.
was
laying
B.
was
lying
C.
had
laid
D.了had
lied
解析
B
易混淆词辨析题。动词lay表示“搁置、放”时，现在分词为laying,过去分词为laid；而lie作“躺”讲时，现在分词为lying,过去分词为lain，如其过去分词为lied,则含义为“撒谎”。此处为“躺的地方”，故用was
lying。
2.实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词
enter(误为enter
into)
marry(误为marry
with)
reach(误为reach
to)
mention(误为mention
about)
serve(误为serve
for)
address(误为address
to)
approach(误为approach
with)
salute(误为salute
to)
fit(误为fit
for)
benefit
(误为benefit
to)
[典例2]She
____John
to
get
away
from
her
step-mother.
A.
married
B.
married
with
C.
married
to
D.
was
married
解析A此句中的marry表示“嫁给”，为及物动词，可直接带宾语。
重点2
五种基本句型中的动词使用
简单句的五种基本句型，通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不可分。
1.主语+不及物动词
理解不及物动词在此句型中的常用法：
（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、持续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：Boy,
can
you
go
any
farther
Boy,
can
you
go
any
farther
伙计，你还走得动吗？
The
smoke
from
our
fire
rose
straight
up
in
the
still
air.
我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升。
（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类常见的动词或短语有：read,
sell
wash,
write,
open,
draw,
wear,
happen,
take
place,
break
out
,last
,go
out
,run
out
,cost,
spread等。如：
The
tickets
to
the
play
sold
well。那台戏的戏票很畅销。
The
accident
happened
outside
my
house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。
[典例1]Food
and
drink
are
_____,but
the
men
are
still
cheerful
and
confident.
A.
running
out
B.
going
out
C.
spreading
D.
happening
解析
A
不及物动词的考查。动词run
out表示“被用完”；
go
out
表示“出去，熄灭”；spread表示“传播”；happen表示“发生”。根据句意：食物和饮料快用光了，但这些人仍旧很愉快和自信。
2.主语+及物动词+宾语
理解及物动词在此句型中带宾语的用法：
(1)及物动词+名词或代词作宾语。如：
He
raised
his
arms
above
his
head.他把手臂举过头顶。
Will
you
be
spending
your
holiday
abroad
this
year 你今年准备到国外去度假吗？
(2)及物动词+动名词作宾语。此类及物动词或动词短语有：avoid,
mind,
miss,
suggest,
finish,
practice,
imagine,
enjoy,
delay,
escape,
feel
like,
put
off
,insist
on
,give
up,
can’t
help,
stick
to等。如：
I
suggested
taking
a
walk.我建议去散步。
You
must
not
give
up
studying.你不该放弃学习。
(3)及物动词+不定式作宾语。此类及物动词有：afford,
agree,
ask,
expect,
hope,
want,
wish,
manage,
pretend,
decide,
determine,
learn,
offer,
plan,
refuse等。如：
I
hope
to
go
to
college.我希望上大学。
The
firm
could
not
afford
to
pay
such
large
salaries.公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。
（4）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词（见非谓语动词专题之热点）。
3.主语+系动词+表格
系动词在此句型中的用法：be,
become,
come,
get,
smell,
taste,
feel,
sound,
remain,
stay,
appear,
go,
turn,
fall,
run,
keep等。
（1）系动词+形容词作表语。如：
That
argument
sounds
reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理。
（2）系动词+名词作表语。如：
Later
he
became
an
acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员。
（3）系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语。如：
He
is
near,他在附近。
[典例2]The
cooking
chicken
in
the
pot
______very
good.
A.
smells
B.
feels
C.
sounds
D.
tastes
解析
A
系动词考查题。根据The
cooking
chicken正在煮的的鸡肉，推断出“闻起来很香”，故用smell。其它feel感觉起来；sound听起来；taste尝起来，均不合题意。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：bring,
give,
hand,
offer,
show,
teach,
throw,
pass,
pay,
send,
sell,
return,
tell,
allow,
lend等。如：
Could
you
bring
me
the
book 或
Could
you
bring
the
book
to
me
请你把那本书带给我好吗？
（2）用for变换间接宾语的动词make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing,
spare,fetch等。如：
He
bought
me
a
bottle
of
ink.或He
bought
a
bottle
of
ink
for
me
.他为我买了一瓶墨水。
（3）用for和to或其它介词变换间接宾语的动词：do,
leave,
play等。如：
Will
you
do
me
a
favor 或
Will
you
do
a
favor
for
me
你能帮我忙吗？
[典例3]
Smoking
will______harm
to
you
.Please
get
rid
of
it.
A.
do
B.
give
C.
make
D.
find
解析
A
接双宾语的动词考查题。此句的harm为直接宾语，to
you为间接宾语。句意为：吸烟对你有害，请戒掉烟吧。从搭配而言，常说do
sb.harm
或do
harm
to
sb。故选A。
5.主语+及物动语+宾语+宾补
（1）接名词作宾补的动词：find,
think,
elect,
name,
call,
appoint,
consider,
make,
leave等。如：
They
usually
call
the
baby
Dick,他们经常把婴儿的名字称为迪克。
（2）接形容词作宾补的动词：keep,
get,
lay,
drink,
push,
paint,
set,
turn,
drive,
let,
call,
cut,
break,
open,
hold等。如：
She
will
make
him
happy.她将使他幸福。
Please
cut
the
stick
short.请把这根棍子砍短点。
（3）接副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：leave,
put
,see,
notice,
watch,
observe等。如：
He
left
me
waiting
in
the
rain.他让我在雨中等。
[典例4]
I
found
_____impossible
______him
_____his
mind.
A.
this,
to
make;
change
B.
it;
to
make;
to
change
C.
this;
to
make;
to
change
D.
it;
to
make;
change
解析D
及物动词及宾语补足语考查题。根据句子结构分析法可以判断：第一空为形式宾语it，第二空为真正的动词不定式作宾语，第三空为使役动词make后省去to的宾补change。故选D
难点
动词词组的使用与辨析
动词词组的使用和辨析是动词考点中的重点也是难点，考查形式涉及多项选择题中的语法和
和词汇知识题、多项选择式完形填空题、短文改错题多种题型。
[典例1]Kathy
_____a
lot
of
Spanish
by
playing
with
the
native
boys
and
girls.
A.
picked
up
B.
took
up
C.
made
up
D.
turned
up
解析
A动词词组辨析题。pick
up
获得，学到，捡起，使恢复精神；take
up开始从事，吸收；make
up弥补，虚构；turn
up找到，出现。根据句意：凯西通过与当地孩子们玩耍而学到了不少西班牙语。故选A。
[典例2]Helen
always
helps
her
mother
even
though
going
to
school
______most
of
her
day.(2004·广东卷)
A.
takes
up
B.
makes
up
C.
saves
up
D.
puts
up
解析
A考查动词词组的辨析。海伦总是帮助她的母亲，即使上学占用了她一天中的大部分时间。四个短语的意思分别为：take
up占据，填满；make
up形成，构成或组成某物；save
up储存，储蓄；put
up
张贴（海报、通告等），提出（意见）供讨论。根据句意判断take
up
合题意。
[典例3]
You
can
take
anything
from
the
shelf
and
read,
but
please
_____the
books
when
you’ve
finished
them.(2004·全国卷Ⅰ)
A.
put
on
B.
put
down
C.
put
back
D.
put
off
解析
C
考查动词词组的辨析。此句句意为：你可以从书架上随便拿书去读，但是读完以后请把书放回原处put
on
穿上，伪装；put
down写下，平定；put
off
推迟，搪寒；只有put
back放回原处合句意。
[典例4]His
mother
had
thought
is
would
be
good
for
his
character
to_____from
home
and
earn
some
money
on
his
own.(2002·北京卷)
A.
run
away
B
take
away
C.keep
away
D.get
away
解析
D
考查动词词组的辨析。四个选项都符合语法要求，再看本句句意：他母亲原本认为他离开家自己赚钱对锻炼他的性格有好处。get
away
from
home的意思正是“离开家”。
小试牛刀
1.
Every
minute
should_______to
work
for
the
motherland.
A.
make
use
of
B.
be
made
of
C.
be
made
use
of
D.
make
of
2.
The
first
color
TV
set
was
considered
by
most
people________this
century.
A.
having
been
invented
it
B.
one
of
whom
invented
C.
who
had
invented
it
D.to
have
been
invented
3.In
face
of
failure
for
the
moment
,it’s
the
most
important
to_____a
good
state
of
mind.
A.
keep
on
B.
keep
at
C.
keep
up
D.
keep
out
4.After
the
five
,very
little
of
the
house
_______standing
.
A.
remained
B.
kept
C.
rested
D.
left
5.We
didn’t
plan
our
art
exhibition
like
that
but
it
_______very
well.
A.worked
out
B.tried
out
C.went
D.carried
on
6.
Alice
,______careful
with
your
pronunciation.
A.
is
B.do
be
B.does
be
D.do
7.The
teacher
asks
the
students
to
talk
in
English
out
of
class
just
as
they______in
class.
A.
are
B.were
C.do
D.
did
8.
In
a
way
I
can
see
what
you
mean,
even
though
I
don’t______
your
point
of
view.
A.
permit
B.share
C.
agree
D.
recognize
9.They
______us
by
two
to
one
in
the
game
yesterday.
A.
beat
B.
defeat
C.
gained
D.
won
10.—
This
doesn’t______me.
Do
you
have
a
larger
one
—Sorry,
but
the
color
is
different.
Does
it
______you
A.
fit;
suit
B.
suit;
fit
C.
fit;
fit
D.
suit;
suit
11.It
was
the
man______
on
the
bed
with
his
eyes
open
who_____the
book
open
on
the
desk
just
now.
A.
lain;
lay
B.lying
;laid
C.lay;
lay
D.lying
;lied
12.
People
in
the
west
______it
a
rule
to
buy
Christmas
presents
for
their
relatives
and
friends.
A.make
B.have
C.do
D.change
13.More
and
more
people
are
willing
to______part
of
their
incomes
to
the
school
children
in
the
poverty
areas.
A.give
in
B.give
away
C.give
out
D.give
up
14.Their
water
supply
has
been_______
because
of
the
earthquake.
A.cut
out
B.cut
off
C.cut
down
D.cut
away
15.He_______the
book
and
decided
that
he
wouldn’t
buy
it.
A.
looked
into
B.looked
on
C.looked
after
D.looked
through
[答案与解析]
1.
C
考查make词组搭配题。根据句意：为祖国工作，应当充分利用分分秒秒。应考虑表示“利用”的make
use
of
,与表示“时间”的every
minute之间存在动宾关系，因此，make
use
of
须用被动形式。故选C。
2.D动词consider
的非谓语考查形式。符合“consider+宾语+宾补”结构，根据句意判断此句的宾补在consider之前已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。
3.
C
keep词组考查题。keep
on
继续，保持；keep
at
坚持做，不放弃；keep
up
保持（良好状态），坚持；keep
out
关在门外，不准入内。只有C项合题意。
4
A
涉及keep
的用法题。由于standing表示静止状态，故不可用kept
standing
,又rested,left与standing
在搭配和含义上有错误，故选remained
standing
,相当于过去进行时。
5.C
go进展，进行；work
out
结果是；try
out
考验，提炼；carry
on
继续开展；it
指代our
art
exhibition,but的转折语气说明它进展得很好，C项合句意。
6.B
do表示强调。用在祈使句中，置于be
careful之前，可理解为“务必”。
7.
C
考查替代词do
的用法。主句的谓语动词为asks,从句的替代词应为do。
8.
B
考查近义词辨析。share
为及物动词表“分享”，可带宾语your
point
of
view。而agree为不及物动词，不可带宾语。其它两项意思不符题意。
9.
A
近义词的辨析题。强调以
“by
two
to
one”的结果“击败对手”。故用beat。
10.
A
近义词辨析题。fit
作及物动词，常跟人，表示大小适合某人；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用be
fit
for结构搭配；suit强调“款式合适”。根据句意，选A。
11.B
易混词考查。根据句子结构分析可知，这是一个强调句。强调作主语的the
man,其后的lying
on
the
bed
with
his
eyes
open在句中作定语修饰the
man.
12.
A
考查接宾语和宾补的动词。根据句子结构分析：此处的it
为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语to
buy
Christmas
presents
for
their
relatives
and
friends。常用下列句式：动词+it
+n/adj.（宾补）+（for
sb.）+不定式（真正的宾语）。
13
B
考查动词词组的辨析。give
away赠送，分送；give
in
屈服，投降；give
out
用完，用尽；give
up
放弃。
14
B
考查动词词组的辨析。cut
off
(被迫)切断，断绝，合句意。而cut
out(主动)切掉；cut
down砍倒；cut
away切掉/离，均为干扰项。
15
D
考查动词词组的辨析。look
through
浏览；look
into调查；look
on
旁观；look
after照顾。
自我检测
1.
The
teacher
has
a
peculiar
way
of
______her
student’s
nervousness
when
then
speak
English.
A.
breaking
down
B.
going
over
C.
taking
off
D.
giving
away
2.
In
the
cross-lake
swimming
race,
a
boat
will
be
____in
case
of
an
emergency.
A.
standing
by
B.
turning
on
C.
getting
on
D.
running
on
3.
You
_____only
half
the
price
,how
would
the
seller
sell
the
jacket
to
you

A.
spent
B.
paid
C.
charged
D.
offered
4.
He
_____the
problem
_____in
his
mind
for
a
whole
week
before
he
did
anything
about
it.
A.
switched;
on
B.
kicked;
up
C.
turned;
over
D.
took;
on
5.
At
times
the
balance
in
nature
is
______
,
resulting
in
a
number
of
possibly
unforeseen
effects.
A.
troubled
B.
confused
C.
disturbed
D.
puzzled
6.
—
So,
how
is
your
new
roommate

—
She
really
____.
She
always
making
loud
noises
at
midnight
and
when
I
remind
her
,
she
always
makes
rude
remarks.
A.
turns
me
over
B.
turns
me
down
C.
turns
me
off
D.
turns
me
out
7.
People
have
planted
a
great
many
trees
in
order
to
____wind
and
sand
in
the
desert.
A.
hold
down
B.
hold
up
C.
hold
back
D.
hold
out
8.
—
Would
you
like
to
go
to
Paris
with
us
next
year

—
I’d
like
to,
but
my
mother
______
that
I
am
too
young.
A.
is
against
B.
opposes
C.
objects
D.
explains
9.
There’s
no
bear
left
and
the
pubs
are
shut
so
you’ll
have
to
_______.
A.
go
out
B.
go
off
C.
go
without
D.
go
through
10.
The
film
“World
without
thieves”
______
a
great
success
and
brought
in
a
large
profit
to
the
cinema.
A.
appreciated
B.
enjoyed
C.
won
D.
seized
11.
Dressed
untidily
and
speaking
in
a
strange
way,
Father
must
have
______
to
the
people
present
to
be
a
silly
old
man.
A.
appeared
B.
pretended
C.
shown
D.
thought
12.
Thomas
Alva
Edison
didn’t
“invent”
the
light
bulb
(灯泡),
but
rather
he
______
a
50
–year
–old
idea,
which
is
not
well
–known.
A.
improved
upon
B.
take
down
C.
put
up
D.
break
away
13.
You’d
better
______
some
hot
water
into
the
bottle
in
case
the
teacools
down.
A.
add
B.
fill
C.
fill
in
D.
put
14.
After
retirement,
Mr.
Smith
______
painting,
which
he
had
always
loved
but
had
not
had
time
for.
A.
took
up
B.
got
up
C.
help
up
D.
looked
up
15.
She
tried
hard
to
keep
calm
in
face
of
the
students,
but
the
sweat
on
her
forehead
_____
her
____.
A.
gave;
away
B.
tuned;
down
C.
showed;
out
D.
shut;
off
答案与解析
1、A
句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。
Break
down
:to
separate
something
such
as
an
idea
or
statement
into
smaller
parts
in
order
to
make
it
easier
to
understand
or
deal
with
.go
over
复习；
take
off脱下，起飞；give
away分发，赠给，泄露（秘密）。
2、A
句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。stand
by
为不及物短语：to
wait
and
be
ready
for
action
if
needed
准备行动；待机；turn
on
打开；get
on进展；run
down撞倒。根据句意，B
、C、D
三项均不符合。
3、D句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢？offer:
to
say
that
you
will
pay
a
particular
amount
of
money
to
buy
something
出价六万英镑买这所房子。 Charge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价（offer）而后才能药费（spend）或支付（pay）帮A、B两项不合常理。
4、C句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。turn
over
:to
think
about
carefully仔细考虑；switch
on把开关打开；kick
up引起；take
on呈现、雇用、承担。
5、C
trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑；puzzled
指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排除；根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的（confused）,而不受到了人为的干扰（disturbed）,才会导致不可预见的影响。因此选择C项。
6、C
turn
sb.over
:把……移交，把……交给；turn
sb.
down:拒绝；turn
sb.off
:使对（某人）感到厌烦、使不感兴趣；turn
sb.out:驱逐，赶走。根据句意“她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话”，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择C项。
7、C
hold
down压制，限制；hold
up推迟，耽搁；hold
back阻挡，抑制；hold
out提供，提出。句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。由此可知答案为C项。
8、C前三项意思相同，都可以表示“反对（做）、某事”：be
against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing)
sth.;
object
to(doing)
sth.。但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为“提出异议”。前一句邀请对方一起去Paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。D项explain虽然也可执着that
从句，但是它的含义为“解释”不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。
9、C
go
out外出，熄灭；go
off爆炸，中断；go
through通过，完成，经历；go
without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。
10、B易误选C，win
指赢得了比赛、奖励、胜利等，不可以与a
great
success
连用。Enjoy享有，如：He
enjoys
a
reputation
for
honesty. 本题中的enjoy
a
great
success
意为
win
large
sales。句意：《天下无贼》一举成功，同时也给电影院带来了巨大的盈利。
11、A
句意：父亲衣冠不整，谈吐怪异，在在场者眼中，父亲想必显得是一个傻老人的形象。解题的关键在于是否能将to
the
people
present(present“在场的”，作后置定语修饰the
people)准确地分离出来。
12、A句意：鲜为人知是的，爱迪生并没有发明灯炮，而是在其50年前的发明上改进了电灯泡（把灯丝寿命延长到13.5小时）。Improve
on/upon超过，改进；take
down把……拆卸开；put
up张贴，搭建；break
away摆脱。
13、D句意：你最好往瓶子里倒些热水，以免茶变凉。比较下列句子：You’d
better
put
some
hot
water
into
the
bottle.
You’d
better
add
some
hot
water
to
the
cold
water
.You’d
better
fill
the
bottle
with
some
hot
water.
14、A句意：退休后，史密斯先生开始绘画了，这是他从前喜爱，却又没有时间做的事情。take
up:
begin
to
spend
time
doing开始花时间从事（某项活动）；get
up起床，起立;hold
up推迟；look
up查找、改善。
15、A
句意：她努力地试图在学生面前保持镇定，但是她前额的汗水使她露了马脚。Give
away:
reveal露出了马脚；turn
sb
.down
拒绝；show
sb.out带某人出去；shut
sb.off使隔绝。
专题训练——短语动词
1.
To
our
surprise
the
stranger
_____
to
be
an
old
friend
of
my
mother’s.
A.
turned
out
B.
turned
up
C.
set
out
D.
set
up
2.
All
the
girls
swam
in
the
lake
except
two,
who
_____
halfway.
A.
gave
off
B.
gave
up
C.
gave
away
D.
gave
out
3.
If
the
new
arrangement
doesn’t
_____,
we’ll
go
back
to
the
old
one.
A.
work
over
B.
work
out
C.
work
up
D.
work
in
4.
“Have
great
changes
taken
place
in
your
village ”
“Yes,
A
new
school
was
______
in
the
village
last
year.”
A.
held
up
B.
set
up
C.
sent
up
D.
brought
up
5.
I
had
to
______
because
someone
else
wanted
to
use
the
phone.
A.
give
up
B.
put
up
C.
hang
up
D.
ring
up
6.
Elephants
would
______
if
men
were
allowed
to
shoot
as
many
as
they
wished.
A.
die
down
B.
die
out
C.
die
away
D.
die
off
7.
My
study
of
biology
has
______
much
of
my
spare
time,
but
it
has
given
me
a
great
deal
of
enjoyment.
A.
taken
off
B.
taken
down
C.
taken
up
D.
taken
away
8.
The
plan
______
just
because
people
were
unwilling
to
co-operate.
A.
broke
down
B.
pulled
down
C.
turned
down
D.
put
down
9.
The
government
has
_______
the
parents
to
work
with
teachers
in
the
education
of
their
children.
A.
asked
for
B.
called
for
C.
looked
for
D.
paid
for
10.
John
has
put
on
so
much
weight
recently
that
his
mother
has
to
______
all
his
trousers
to
his
measure.
A.
let
out
B.
give
away
C.
bring
in
D.
make
up
11.
I
can
______
some
noise
while
I’m
studying,
but
I
can’t
stand
very
loud
noise.
A.
put
up
with
B.
get
rid
of
C.
have
effect
on
D.
keep
away
from
12.
The
mother
often
tells
her
son
to
be
a
good
boy,
warning
him
to
______
trouble.
A.
hold
back
from
B.
keep
out
of
C.
break
away
from
D.
get
rid
of
13.
To
my
surprise,
the
manager
______
30
dollars
from
my
salary
without
any
good
reason.
A.
cut
off
B.
held
up
C.
brought
down
D.
kept
back
14.
Steven
has
a
lot
of
work
to
_______
in
the
office
since
he
has
been
away
for
quite
a
few
days.
A.
take
up
B.
make
up
C.
work
out
D.
carry
out
15.
Although
Jane
agrees
with
me
on
most
points,
there
was
one
on
which
she
was
unwilling
to
_______.
A.
give
out
B.
give
in
C.
give
away
D.
give
off
16.
You
should
______
what
your
parents
expect
of
you.
A.
live
up
to
B.
stand
up
to
C.
look
up
to
D.
run
up
to
17.
I
can
hardly
believe
my
eyes.
What
a
poor
composition
you
have
_______.
There
are
so
many
wrong
spellings
in
it.
A.
turned
into
B.
turned
off
C.
turned
to
D.
turned
in
18.
“Why
don’t
we
go
for
a
picnic
this
weekend ”
“Good
idea!
I
would
______
the
car
and
you’ll
prepare
the
food.”
A.
look
after
B.
take
care
of
C.
see
about
D
get
down
to
19.
How
I
wish
that
I
could
______
my
ideas
in
simple
and
wonderful
English
when
chatting
on
the
net.
A.
set
out
B.
set
off
C.
set
over
D.
set
up
20.
Some
kinds
of
animals
can
_______
the
colour
of
their
surroundings.
A.
take
on
B.
dress
up
C.
put
on
D.
get
into
答案解析
1.
选A。turn
out
意为“结果是，原来是”等；turn
up
意为“找到，
发现，出现，开大音量”等；set
out
意为“开始，出发，陈述”等；set
up
意为“设立，竖立，架起，升起，创(纪录)，提出”等。
2.
选B。give
up
意为“放弃”；give
out
意为“分发，发出(气味、热等)，发表，用尽，精疲力竭”；give
away意为“送掉，分发，放弃，泄露，出卖”；give
off
意为“发出(蒸汽、光等)，长出（枝、杈等）”。
3.
选B。work
out
在此表示“有预期结果”；work
over
意为“调查，重做”；work
up
意为“逐步建立，逐步发展”；work
in
意为“配合，引进”。
4.
选B。set
up
意为“建立”；hold
up
意为“举起，支撑，继续下去，阻挡，拦截”；send
up
意为“发出，射出，长出，使上升”；bring
up
意为“教育，培养，提出”。
5.
选C。give
up
指“放弃”；put
up
指“举起，架起，修建，张贴”等；hang
up
指“挂断(电话)”；ring
up
指“给某人打电话”。
6.
选B。die
away
指“(声音、风、光线等)渐息，渐弱”；die
down
指“(慢慢)熄灭，平静下来”；die
off
指“一个一个地死去”；die
out
指“(家族、种族、习俗、观念等)灭绝，绝迹”。
7.
选C。take
up
意为“开始(学习或从事等)，继续，占去，接纳，提出”；take
off意为“脱下，起飞，打折，请假”；take
away
意为“取走”；take
down
意为“写下，拆下”。
8.
选A。break
down意为“中止，毁掉，压倒，停顿，倒塌”；pull
down
意为“摧毁，推翻，使降低，使身体变差”；turn
down
意为“拒绝，关小音量，减弱，降低”；put
down
意为“放下，拒绝，镇压，削减，记下”。
9.
选B。call
for
意为“要求，提倡”；ask
for
意为“请求，索要”；look
for
意为“寻找”；pay
for
意为“为……付钱”。
10.
选A。let
out
意为“放掉，泄露，放大，出租”；give
away
意为“送掉，分发，放弃，泄露,
出卖，让步”；bring
in
意为“生产，
挣得，介绍引进”；make
up
意为“弥补，虚构，缝制，整理，和解，编辑，化妆”。
11.
选A。put
up
with
意为“忍受，容忍”；get
rid
of
意为“摆脱，消除，去掉”；have
effect
on
意为“对……有影响”；keep
away
from意为“远离，不接近”。
12.
选B。hold
back
from
意为“向……隐瞒”；keep
out
of
意为“使在……之外”；break
away
from
意为“脱离”；get
rid
of
意为“摆脱，消除，去掉”。
13.
选D。keep
back
意为“扣下，留下，阻挡，隐瞒”；hold
up意为“举起，支撑”；bring
down
意为“打倒，击落，打死，降低”；cut
off
意为“切断，断绝”。
14.
选B。make
up
意为“弥补，虚构，整理，编辑，化妆”；take
up
意为“拿起，开始从事，继续，吸收”；work
out
意为“计算出，设计出，有预期结果”；carry
out
意为“完成，实现，贯彻，执行”。
15.
选B。give
in
意为“让步，屈服，上交”；give
away
意为“分发，赠送，背弃，出卖，泄漏”；
give
off
意为“发出(光、热、声音、气味等)”；give
out
意为“分发，散发，用完，耗尽，垮掉，失灵，出故障，发表，公布，发出(热、声音、信号等)”。
16.
选A。live
up
to
意为“实践，做到”；stand
up
to
意为“勇敢地抵抗”；look
up
to
意为“尊敬，仰望”；run
up
to
意为“达到，积累到”。
17.
选D。turn
in
意为“上交，归还”；turn
into
意为“进入，(使)变成”；turn
to
意为“转向，变成，求助于，致力于”；turn
off
意为“关掉，避开”。
18.
选C。see
about
意为“查询，留意于”；look
after和take
care
of均表示为“照顾，关心”；get
down
to
意为“开始认真考虑”。
19.
选A。set
out
意为“陈述，陈列，出发，开始”；set
off
意为“出发，动身”；set
over
意为“移交，置于……上，指派……管理”；set
up意为“设立，竖立，架起，升起，创(纪录)，提出”。
20.
选A。take
on
意为“披上，呈现，具有，雇用，接纳，流行”；dress
up
意为“打扮，装饰，伪装”；put
on
意为“穿上，把……放在上，装出，增加”；get
into意为“进入，陷入，穿上”。
动词+
at
构成的短语练习
用能和at构成短语的动词的适当形式填空，使其意思完整。
1.
They are ________hard at English these days this term..
2.The officers ordered his men to________at attention.
3.It’s impolite to_______ at people.
4.Suddenly he saw two eyes ________at him out of the darkness.
5.The little girl ______ at her mother as soon as she saw her .
6.He ______ at me carefully and said “aren’t you Li Ping
7.Don’t ________at him ,he is Li ping’s father.
8.Tom ______at the bird ,but missed it.
9.The baby is always________ at me so sweetly.
10.Please ________at the door before entering it.
11.Please_________your gun at the bird.
12.My sister ________good at English but I do well in maths.
13.I don’t like being _______at in public.
14.If you _______your gun at the enemy, you should be brave.
15.While I was ______at this ,our schoolmaster took Mr Zhang’s place.
16.Please ______yourself at home.
17..He _______at the cover of the box ,but he couldn’t tear it.
18..We______at the gate of our school at eight this morning.
Answers:
1.working
2.stand
3.stare
4.glaring
5.came
6.looked
7.shout
8.shot
9.smiling
10.knock 11.aim
12.is 13.laughed
14.fire 15.wondering
16.make 17.tore 18.arrived
动词+out构成的短语练习
用能和out构成短语的动词的适当形式填空，使其意思完整。
1.
I’ll give you five minutes to _______out the problems.
2.
Look! Light and heat are _____out,together with heavy smoke.
3.
He is going to have two of his teeth ______out.
4.
______out! There is a car coming.
5.
Sometimes ther are some papers to collect or to _______out.
6.
Let’s go and_______out who did it.
7.
When the firefighters arrived there, the fire had _______out.
8.
Difficulties can ______out a person’s best quatities(品质).
9.
Doctors don’t like being _____out at night.
10.
Now ______ out your book and turn to page two,please.
11.
Our teacher _______out the new text books to us all a moment ago.
12.
After a long talk,
he was ________out.
13.
Wait a minute,
I’ll ______you out.
14.
Whenever you are in trouble,
we must _______out.
15.
All these orders must be______out at once.
16.
The little girl ______out with joy as soon as she saw her mother.
17.After the little worms had grown up,
they
out
silk
to
form
snow-white
cocoons.
18.
This kind of flowers _________out earlier than last year.
19.
A big fire ______ out this day of last year.
20.
_______out these books that you’d like to read.
21.
Iom! _________out,
don’t be afraid.
22.She_____out a cry of surprise when she saw her good friend in Beijing.
23.
I warned him to ______out of the troubles.
24.
He ’ll_______out for Shanghai next week.
25.
I couldn’t _________out what he said.
26.
We’ll have to _______all out to overcome these difficulties.
27.
I don’t mind _______out my shortcomings.
28.
Oh, I have ______ out of ink.


答案:.
1.work 2.sent 3.taken / pulled 4.Look 5.hand 6.find 7.gone 8.bring 9.called 10.Get/Take/Bring 11.gave/handed 12.worn
13.show 14.help 15.carried 16.cried 17.spit e 19.broke
20.Pick
21.Speak 22.let 23.keep
24.set 25.make 26.go 27.pointing
28.run

三．必考动词
大家知道，动词是高考英语中最重要的语法考点，根据近几年的高考试题分析，在15道单项填空中，动词少则有５道(占单选总量的33.3%)，多则有8道(占单选题总量的53.3%)。其中涉及时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词辨析、短语动词等。本文拟就对这一考点精编经典试题30道，供同学们考前复习之用。
1.
When
you’re
learning
to
drive,
_____
a
good
teacher
makes
a
big
difference.
A.
have
B.
having
C.
and
have
D.
and
having
2.
Anyone
______
bags,
boxes,
or
whatever,
was
stopped
by
the
police.
A.
seen
carry
B.
seen
carrying
C.
saw
to
carry
D.
saw
carrying
3.
Any
student
_____
will
be
disqualified
from
the
exam.
A.
catching
cheating
B.
catching
to
cheat
C.
caught
cheating
D.
caught
to
cheat
4.
To
test
eggs,
_____
them
in
a
bowl
of
water:
if
they
float
they’re
bad,
if
they
sink
they’re
good.
A.
put
B.
putting
C.
to
put
D.
to
be
putting
5.
She
read
the
letter
through
before
sending
it,
______
for
spelling
mistakes.
A.
checked
B.
to
be
checking
C.
checking
D.
having
checked
6.
_____
this
report
_____
in
such
a
short
time
was
quite
a
difficult
exercise.
A.
Getting,
done
B.
Get,
done
C.
To
get,
to
do
D.
Getting,
to
do
7.
Certainly
I
posted
your
letter—I
remember
______
it.
A.
posting
B.
to
post
C.
to
be
posting
D.
have
posted
8.
I
asked
the
boss
for
a
month’s
holiday
and,
_____
it
or
not,
he
agreed.
A.
believe
B.
to
believe
C.
believing
D.
believed
9.
______
wine,
first
you
must
press
the
grapes.
A.
Making
B.
To
make
C.
To
be
making
D.
Make
10.
Before
you
decide
to
leave
your
job,
_____
the
effect
it
will
have
on
your
family.
A.
consider
B.
considering
C.
to
consider
D.
considered
11.
“I
thought
you
wouldn’t
mind.”
“Well,
as
a
matter
of
fact
I
don’t,
but
you
_____
me
first.”
A.
should
ask
B.
should
have
asked
C.
must
ask
D.
must
have
asked
12.
That
car
nearly
hit
me;
I
______.
A.
might
be
killed
B.
might
have
been
killed
C
.
may
be
killed
D.
may
been
killed
13.
You
_____
practise
the
drums
while
the
baby
is
sleeping.
A.
needn’t
B.
mightn’t
C.
mustn’t
D.
won’t
14.
You
_____
him
the
news;
he
knew
it
already.
A.
needn’t
tell
B.
needn’t
have
told
C.
mightn’t
tell
D.
mightn’t
have
told
15.
“What’s
her
name ”
“Sorry,
I
_____.”
A.
forget
B.
forgot
C.
had
forgotten
D.
am
forgetting
16.
Look
at
that
little
boy
wandering
about
—
perhaps
he
_____
his
mother.
A.
will
lose
B.
is
losing
C.
had
lost
D.
has
lost
17.
It’s
good
that
we
_____
to
the
park
because
it’s
started
to
rain.
A.
don’t
go
B.
hadn’t
gone
C.
didn’t
go
D.
wasn’t
going
18.
I
_____
for
five
minutes;
why
don’t
they
come
A.
am
calling
B.
called
C.
was
calling
D.
have
been
calling
19.
You
_____
your
turn
so
you’ll
have
to
wait.
A.
will
miss
B.
have
missed
C.
are
missing
D.
had
missed
20.
I
left
my
pen
on
the
desk
and
now
it’s
gone;
who
_____
it
A.
took
B.
has
taken
C.
will
take
D.
had
taken
21.
They
haven’t
arrived
yet
but
we
_____
them
at
any
moment.
A.
are
expected
B.
have
expected
C.
are
expecting
D.
will
expect
22.
You’ll
never
guess
who
I
met
today—my
old
teacher!
We
_____
for
20
years.
A.
don’t
meet
B.
haven’t
met
C.
hadn’t
met
D.
couldn’t
meet
23.
I
think
you
must
be
mistaken
about
seeing
him
at
the
theatre;
I’m
sure
he
_____
abroad
all
week.
A.
is
B.
was
C.
has
been
D.
had
been
24.
I
tried
to
phone
her,
but
even
as
I
_____
she
was
leaving
the
building.
A.
phoned
B.
would
phone
C.
had
phoned
D.
was
phoning
25.
We
_____
to
move
but
are
still
considering
where
to
go
to.
A.
are
deciding
B.
decided
C.
have
decided
D.
had
decided
26.
A
red
sky
in
the
morning
_____
to
be
a
sign
of
bad
weather.
A.
says
B.
is
saying
C.
has
said
D.
is
said
27.
We’re
so
busy
that
no
one
in
the
office
can
_____
for
any
other
work.
A.
spare
B.
be
spared
C.
share
D.
be
shared
28.
All
the
girls
swam
in
the
lake
except
two,
who
_____
halfway.
A.
gave
off
B.
gave
up
C.
gave
away
D.
gave
out
29.
If
the
new
arrangement
doesn’t
_____,
we’ll
go
back
to
the
old
one.
A.
work
over
B.
work
out
C.
work
up
D.
work
down
30.
My
worst
fears
were
_____
when
I
saw
what
the
exam
questions
were.
A.
done
B.
seen
C.
finished
D.
realized
【答案与解析】
1.
B
when
引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，动名词短语
having
a
good
teacher
为主句主语。
2.
B
anyone
seen
carrying
bags…为
anyone
who
was
seen
carrying
bags
之略，其中过去分词短语
seen
carrying
bags…用作定语修饰代词
anyone。
3.
C
caught
cheating
为
who
is
caught
cheating
之省略。同时注意句型：catch
sb
doing
sth
(逮住某人做某事)。
4.
A
句首的
to
test
eggs
为目的状语，填空句为祈使句谓语，故用动词原形。
5.
C
现在分词短语在此表示伴随。
6.
A
注意句子的谓语是
was，getting
this
report
done
in
such
a
short
time
是动名词短语，用作句子主语。
7.
A
remember
doing
sth=记住曾经做过的事，remember
to
do
sth=记住要做的事。
8.
A
believe
it
or
not
是习语，用作插入语，其中的
believe
只用原形。
9.
B
to
make
wine
为目的状语。
10.
A
before
引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，而此主句为一祈使句，故动词用原形。下面五题也都选A，道理是一样的：
(1)
Before
you
send
the
letter,
_____
with
Bill
to
see
if
the
address
is
right.
A.
check
B.
to
check
C.
checking
D.
checked
(2)
If
the
car
won’t
start,
_____
it.
A.
try
pushing
B.
try
push
C.
to
try
pushing
D.
to
try
to
push
(3)
If
they
don’t
understand
it
the
first
time,
_____
over
it
again
until
they
do.
A.
go
B.
to
go
C.
going
D.
to
be
going