模块四：介词用法总结与练习

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模块四：介词用法总结与练习
　介词：英文缩写是prep.是英文preposition的缩写。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成：（1）用英语（in English）；（2）用小刀（with a knife）；（3）用手工（by hand）；（4）用墨水（in ink）等。所以，千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法，其实介词的用法非常广泛，搭配能力很强，越是常用的介词，其含义越多。
介词用法：（抄笔记到“巩固练习”前的所有总结部分）
1.表示地点位置的介词
　　1)at ,in, on, to，for
　　at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”
　　in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。
　　on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。
　　to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”
　　2)above, over, on 在……上
　　above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
　　over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
　　on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
　　The bird is flying above my head.
　　There is a bridge over the river.
　　He put his watch on the desk.
　　3)below, under 在……下面
　　under表示在…正下方
　　below表示在……下，不一定在正下方
　　There is a cat under the table.
　　Please write your name below the line.
　　4)in front of, in the front of在……前面
　　in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。
　　There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)
　　in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。
　　There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.
　　我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
　　Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
　　我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)
　　5）beside，behind
　　beside 表示在……旁边
　　behind 表示在……后面
2.表示时间的介词
　　1)in , on，at 在……时
　　in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。
　　如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
　　on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
　　如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
　　at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
　　如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。
　　注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
　　2)in, after 在……之后
　　“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；
　　“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；
　　“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
　　3)from, since 自从……
　　from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
　　since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。since表示"自（某具体时间）以来"，常用作完成时态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )谓语
　　的时间状语。
　　since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood．
　　他们从小就是好朋友。 （1）since the war是指"自从战争结束以来"，若指"自从战争开始以来"，须说"since
　　the beginning of the war"。
　　（2）不要将since与after混淆。
　　比较：He has worked here since 1965．（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从1965年以来，他一直在这儿工作。
　　He began to work here after 1965．
　　（指一点时间，强调时间点）从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。
　　4)after, behind 在……之后
　　after主要用于表示时间；
　　behind主要用于表示位置。
　　
时间名词前介词用法口诀
　　年前周前要用in
　　具体日子要用on
　　遇到几号也用on
　　上午下午得是in
　　要说某日上下午
　　用on换in记清楚
　　午夜黄昏用at
　　黎明用它也不错
　　at用在时分前
　　说“差”可要用上to
　　说"过''要用past
3.表示运动方向的介词：
　　across, through 通过，穿过
　　across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维
　　through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。
4.表示“在……之间”的介词：
　　表示“在……之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词，如in front of ，behind ，on， in， near， under， up
　　between, among
　　between指在两个人或两个事物之间；
　　among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
5.表示其他意义的介词
　　1)on ,about 关于
　　on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；
　　about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
　　2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
　　by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
　　with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；
　　in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
　　3)except, besides 除了
　　except 除……之外，不包括在内；
　　besides 除……之外，包括在内。
　　Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
常见搭配
1．动词+介词，如：
listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about ...
2．形容词+介词，如：be afraid of, be full of, be angry with, be strict with, be busy with, be good at, be good/bad for, be late for, be sorry for, be ready for, be famous for, be polite to,
be far from... be close to
3．名词+介词 / 介词+名词
the key to, the visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, in time at last,
at first, for example...
三.巩固练习
　　选词填空
1. Taiwan is _______ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）
2. Go ________ the bridge ________ the river, you’ll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）
3. I go to school __________7:30 every morning.（in, on, at）
4. He would like to meet her _____8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）
5. The Greens have lived in China _____ three years.（in, for, after）
6. We go to school every day _______ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides）
7. He wrote the letter _________ ink.（by, with ,in）
　　8. She returned to her country ________five years.（in, after, for）
　　9. There is a big tree _________ our classroom.（after, behind）
　　10. I usually go to work _________ bike.（by, on, with）
　　单项选择
1. There’s something _______ her that I really don’t like.
　　 A. with B. for C. to D. about
2. I was angry _______ him for keeping me waiting.
　　 A. with B. to C. about D. on
3. _______ going to French evening classes twice a week she does yoga(瑜伽) on Wednesdays
A. Because of B. Except C. Besides D. But for
4. ______cooking, writing and running the farm, she was very busy.
　　 A. Among B. Between C. Over D. As
5. _______ one old lady, the bus was empty.
　　 A. Except B. Except for C. But D. Besides
6. They promise that the work would all be finished _______ next week.
　　 A. until B. in C. by D. to
7. We didn’t live together. We kept in touch _______ writing often.
　　 A. with B. of C. on D. by
8. It was very kind of her. She insisted _______ her car to us.
　　 A. to lend B. lending C. on lending D. in lending
9. We’ve talked a lot _______ cars. What about trains
　　 A. of B. withC. about D. in
10. “How long have you been here ” “____ the end of last month.”
　　 A. In B. By C. At D. Since
11. The chemistry teacher required the students _______ more
attention _______ the lab clean
A. to pay, to keep B. to paying, to keeping
C. to pay, to keeping D. paying, keeping
12. This exam is very important for her. She won’t go home _____the exam.
　　A. until after B. after until C. until D. from
13. This suit fits me well _______ the trousers are too long.
　　 A. only B. except for C. except that D. except
14. After a quick dinner, they set off ______ car and made ______ the
nearest town.
　 A. by, to B. in, to C. by, for D. in, for
看似相同，但意义有别的词组?
英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组，它们从形式上看似乎基本相同，但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视，使用时就很容易望文生义，甚至张冠李戴。为此，把这类词组归纳如下：?
(1) at table在进餐 at the table在桌子旁（=beside the desk） ?
(2) at desk在读书或做作业 at the desk在书桌旁 ?
(3) at school在校上学（指学生） at the school在学校（指教职工） ?
(4) in front of the bus在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）
in the front of the bus在公共汽车的前部（在车上） ?
(5) at sea在航海中 at the sea在海边 ?
(6) by day白天 by the day按日，论日 ?
(7) behind time误期 behind the time落后于时代 ?
(8) in class在上课，在课内 in the class在这个班 ?
(9) in bed 卧床，在睡觉 in the bed在床上 ?
(10) in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱 ?
(11) in red穿着红色的衣服 in the red负债，亏损 ?
(12) in hospital住院（指病人） in the hospital（因事）在医院 ?
(13) in office在办公，执政 in the office在办公室 ?
(14) in secret秘密，私下 in the secret参入秘密，参入阴谋 ?
(15) in place of 代替，而不是 in the place of在……地方 ?
(16) in case of万一，如果 in the case of就……来说，至于 ?
(17) of age成年人 of an age同龄人 ?
(18) out of office离职 out of the office离开办公室 ?
(19) out of prison（因犯罪）出狱 out of the prison（因事）从监狱出来 ?
(20) out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能，办不到 ?
2）.含有介词的动词词组?
(1) come out of hospital（病好）出院 come out of the hospital（因事）从医院里出来 ?
(2) come out of prison（刑满）释放 come out of the prison（因事）从监狱里出来 ?
(3) go to school去上学 go to the school（因事）去学校 ?
(4) go to college上大学 go to the/a college去一所学校（办事） ?
(5) go to bed上床睡觉 go to the bed去床边 ?
(6) go to hospital去住院 go to the hospital（因事）去医院 ?
(7) go to prison去坐牢 go to the prison（因事）去监狱 ?
(8) go to sea当海员 go to the sea去海边 ?
(9) go to court起诉 go to the court（因事）去法庭 ?
(10) go to church做礼拜 go to the church（因事）去教堂 ?
(11) keep house管理家务 keep the house守在家里 ?
(12) take place发生 take the place代替 ?
3）.有无冠词，意义无多大区别的介词词组?
(1)at(the)most至多?
(2)at(the)first起初?
(3)all(the)day 整天?
(4)catch(a)cold感冒?
(5)in(the)future 将来?
(6)in(the)memory of纪念?
(7)go to(the)office 上班，去办公室?
(8)go to(the)market 赶集，去市场?
(9)on(a)holiday 在度假?
(10)(the)day before yesterday 前天?
(11)(the)most of 大多数?
(12)with(a)smiling face 面带微笑?
初中介词搭配（抄笔记）
1)at once 立刻
2)at last 最后
3)at first 起先，首先
4)at the age of… 在……岁时
5)at the end of… 在……之末
6)at the beginning of… 在……之初
7)at the foot of… 在……脚下
8)at the same time 同时
9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午
10)with one's help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助
11)with the help of … 在……的帮助下
12)with a smile 面带笑容
13)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见
14)after a while 过了一会儿
15)from now on 从现在起
16)from then on 从那时起
17)far example 例如
18)far away from 远离
19)from morning till night 从早到晚
20)by and by 不久
21)by air mail 寄航空邮件
22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23)by ordinary mail 寄平信
24)by the way 顺便说
25)by the window 在窗边
26)by the end of… 到……底为止
27)little by little 逐渐地
28)in all 总共
29)in fact 事实上
30)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时
31)in a hurry 匆忙
32)in the middle of 在……中间
33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快
34)in time (on time) 及时
35)in public 公众，公开地
36)in order to 为了……
37)in front of 在……前面
38)in the sun 在阳光下
39)in the end 最后，终于
40)in surprise 惊奇地
41)in turn 依次
42)of course 当然
43)a bit (of) 有一点儿
44)a lot of 许多
45)a little 一点儿
46)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上
47)on foot 步行，走路
48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告
49)on the other hand 另一方面
50)at/on the weekend 在周末
51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52)on the other side of 在……另一边
53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54)to one's joy 使……高兴的是
55)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是
介词与动词搭配? （抄笔记）
arrive in／at到达
ask for要，请求?
do well in在……方面做得好?
give in投降
go on继续?
hear from收到……来信
hear of听说?
help's B.with sth.帮助……做?
laugh at嘲笑
learn from向……学习?
leave for离开一地去另一地?
talk to与……谈话
go in for从事，致力于?
put up穿上，挂上
take down拿下，取了?
look at（有意识地）看
speak to对某人说?
send for派人去请?
shout at大声叫喊，吼叫?
take away拿走，带走
think of考虑，关心?
turninto把……变成
wait for等候，等待?
take off脱下，起飞?
turn on／off打开（关上）?
listen to听
look after照顾，照看?
look for寻找
look like 看上去像?
get to 到达
point to 指着……?
fill with充满，装满
begin with以……开始?
deal／do with处置，对待?
meet with偶尔遇见，遭遇?
pass on传递
belong to属于?
write to写信给……?
call on号召，访问，邀请?
die of死于……
depend on依靠，依赖?
smile at向……微笑
believe in信任?
look out向四下看，到处看
英语中考专题复习 介词部分
( ) 1. China lies _______ the east of Asia and ______ the north of Australia.
A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on
( ) 2. ______ the afternoon of March 8, the women in the city had a big party.
A. To B. In C. At D. On
( ) 3. We all agree _______ you. Let’s start at once.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
( ) 4. Where’s Lily We are all here _______ her.
A. besides B. about C. except D. with
( ) 5. Does your father go to work, _______ foot or _______ bike
A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by
( ) 6. Lucy was _______ duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
( ) 7. Timmy goes to school _______ every day. It’s 5 minutes’ walk from his home to school.
A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat
( ) 8. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _______ us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous _______ its seafood.
A. with; of B. with; for C. for; to D. to; for
( ) 9. He has got a chair to sit _______, but nobody to talk _______.
A. on; to B. /; with C. on; / D. /; to
( ) 10. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
A. since B. in C. on D. by
( ) 11. –How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt
--I’m going there _______ my car.
A. by B. in C. to D. on
( ) 12. Andy often helps her mother ________ the housework on Sunday afternoon.
A. to B. with C. for D. of
( ) 13. –You’d better not go out now. it’s raining.
--It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep _______ rain.
A. in B. of C. with D. off
( ) 14. English is widely used ________ travelers and business people all over the world.
A. to B. for C. as D. by
( ) 15. My sister usually thinks _______ her own language first. Then she turns her words into English.
A. by B. in C. with D. through
( ) 16. –It’s kind _______ you to come to see me.
--It’s a pleasure. You were so kind _______ me.
A. of; with B. for; with C. of; to D. for; to
( ) 17. –Is the manager in
--Sorry, he is out. But he will be back _______ three o’clock.
A. in B. on C. until D. before
( ) 18. _______ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper.
A. At B. Before C. Since D. By
( ) 19. In China, the price of TV sets has been reduced ________ 30% in the last three years.
A. on B. by C. with D. for
( ) 20. When you called on me, I was _______ a visit to Mr Smith.
A. on B. at C. in D. to
( ) 21. –Bob, you are wanted _______ the phone. –Thanks a lot.
A. on B. by C. of D. for
( ) 22. The soil is made _______ the dead leaves of the trees.
A. up of B. of C. from D. by
( ) 23. I didn’t have any breakfast _______ a cup of milk.
A. besides B. except for C. except D. for
( ) 24. We’re sure you’ll be famous _______ a writer before long.
A. as B. for C. with D. by
( ) 25. The writer often sat up far into the night working _______ a new novel.
A. for B. on C. with D. in
( ) 26. You look tired. ________ working indoors you should be out for a walk.
A. Ahead of B. Instead of C. In front of D. In spite of
( ) 27. You must stand _______ line when you are waiting _______ a bus.
A. on; in B. in; for C. in; on D. on; for
( ) 28. Man landed on the moon in 1969 for the first time. Have you ever heard ______ it
A. on B. to C. of D. from
( ) 29. It’s very nice ______ you to get me two tickets _______ the World Cup.
A. for; of B. of; for C. to; for D. of; to
( ) 30. The woman feels worried _______ her sick baby.
A. for B. to C. on D. about
( ) 31. –What do you think of the report on the UFOs
--Great! Many students were interested in it and they kept on standing ______ the end of the meeting.
A. until B. in C. at D. by
( ) 32. Have you got any books _______ science
A. at B. about C. of D. in
( ) 33. She likes reading _______ many different subjects.
A. of B. at C. on D. in
( ) 34. Mr Wang is very strict. His students are afraid _______ him.
A. at B. of C. about D. to
( ) 35. This story happened _______ the last few years.
A. at B. since C. during D. for
( ) 36. We should do something to stop sandstorms ______ happening again and again.
A. from B. on C. by D. to
( ) 37. China became a WTO member _______ December 11th , 2001.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
( ) 38. There’s a smile on her face. I think she’s _______ my work.
A. sorry for B. worried about C. pleased with D. afraid of
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