Unit 24 Society 单元复习学案（北师大版选修8）
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| 名称 | Unit 24 Society 单元复习学案（北师大版选修8） |  | |
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高二英语Unit24 Society单元复习学案（北师大版选修8）
第一部分：词 语 解 读
1. abundant adj.大量的；丰富的
be abundant in富于……；……很丰富
abundance n．丰富
an abundance of丰富的，许多的
in abundance大量，富裕
abundantly adv.大量地；丰盛地
The country is abundant in natural resources.
这个国家自然资源丰富。
[预测题] ①We are happy that the tree yields a(n) ________ of fruit.
A．abundant B．response
C．abundance D．attendance
答案与解析：C an abundance of“丰富的”，固定词组。response反应，响应；attendance到场；出席。句意：我们很高兴这棵树结果甚多。
2. accumulate vt.积累，积聚
accumulate a fortune积蓄一笔财产
accumulate evidence收集证据
accumulate knowledge积累知识
accumulative adj.累积的，积聚的
accumulatively adv.累积地
accumulation n．累积，积聚
By the late 1950s scientists had already accumulated enough evidence to show a clear link between smoking and cancer.
到20世纪50年代晚期，科学家已经积累了充足的证据表明吸烟与癌症之间有联系。
He accumulated a fortune by buying and selling used cars.
他买卖旧汽车积累了一笔财富。
He accumulated wide knowledge in his teens.
他在青少年时期积累了渊博的知识。
[考试题] ②(湖北黄冈中学)Dust ________ in a room if we do not clean the room regularly.
A. accomplishes B. accumulates
C. accommodates D. achieves
答案与解析：B 句意：房间如果不经常打扫就会积满灰尘。accumulate积累；堆积；accomplish完成，达到，实现；accommodate供应，提供住宿；achieve完成，达到。
3. burden n．重担，负担；v.使担负
the burden of sth.……的负担
a burden on/to sb.某人身上的重担
to bear/ease/reduce/carry/share the burden
承受/减轻/减少/担负/分担重担
burden sb. with sth.使某人担负……
be burdened with sth.负重；负担
The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state.
国家担负起了照料老人的大部分责任。
[预测题] ③I don't want to burden you ________ my problems, for you ________ important tasks.
A．about; are burdened with
B．with; are burdened with
C．for; burden with
D．with; are burdened about
答案与解析：B 句意：我不想增加你的麻烦，因为你担负着重任。burden sb./oneself with sth.加负担于某人/某人自己。be burdened with...担负着……。
4. vacant adj.未占用的，空着的；(表情)茫然的，无精打采的
a vacant seat空位
a vacant position空缺职位
a vacant expression茫然的表情
vacancy n．空；空白；空缺
The graduate wants to apply for the vacant position in the company.
这个毕业生想申请公司里的空缺职位。
5. come into being形成；产生；开始存在
come into power当权；上台
come into force(法律)实施
come into effect生效
bring sth. into being使形成，使产生
[解题警示] come into being中being可换成existence，该短语不能用被动语态。
6. wind sb. up故意惹恼(某人)
wind up上发条；把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇上
wind sth. around sth.缠绕；卷绕
wind one's way蜿蜓前行；曲折延伸
wind down逐渐变慢；逐渐平静下来；放松
The path winds through the woods.
这条路蜿蜓穿过树林。
Please wind the handle to open the door.
请转动把手打开门。
Don't forget to wind up the clock before you go to bed.
睡觉前别忘了给表上紧发条。
The blow winded me.
那一击使我喘不过气来。
7. resign vt. & vi.辞职
resign oneself to...顺从，听任摆布，甘受……
resign from辞职
resign...to...把……托交给……
[解题警示] resign意为“辞职”，quit意为“停止(工作等)”，give up意为“放弃(工作等)”。相比而言，resign比较正式，quit和give up比较口语化。
8. show off炫耀，卖弄
show sb./sth. off炫耀；使引人注目，使夺目
show sb. around/round(首次访问某地)作向导，
带某人参观
show up/show sth. up(使)显眼，(使)显现
show sb./sth. up揭发
(sb.) show up(某人)如约赶到，出现，露面(＝turn up)
show the way树立典范，作出榜样
[警示误区] show off既可作及物动词词组；也可作不及物动词词组。
He likes to show off how well he speaks French.
他喜欢向人展示他法语讲得有多好。
He's just showing off because that girl he likes is here.
他不过是在表现自己，因为他喜欢的那个姑娘在场。
[考试题]
④(江苏四市联考) He's always ________ and trying to impress his classmates.
A. showing off B. showing up
C. making off D. making up
答案：A
⑤(山东滨州)The society today offers the young generation more chances to ________ their talent and skills.
A．give out B．take in
C．show off D．carry on
答案：C
9. cast vt.投下；分派(演员)饰演戏中角色
cast about搜索，想方设法
cast off解开；抛弃，摆脱
cast down使沮丧，使下降，推翻
cast on开除，赶走，驱逐
The part was cast to him.
这个角色分配给他演。
She cast her eyes down to avoid direct eye contact.
她垂下双目以避免对视。
[解题警示] cast的过去式和过去分词均为cast。
10. undertake v．允诺；承担，从事，负责
undertake to do sth.答应做某事
undertaking n．事业，保证，企业
undertaker n．承办者，承担者
John undertook to finish the job by Friday.
John答应星期五之前完成这项工作。
[考试题] ⑥(河南濮阳)If you ________ this task, you must be ready to suffer from hardship.
A．apply B．experience
C．undertake D．command
答案与解析：C apply应用；experience经历；undertake承担；command命令。句意：如果你承担这项任务，你一定要做好遭受困难的准备。C项符合句意。
11. be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
sentence sb. to death 判处某人死刑
sentence sb. to three months in prison
判处某人3个月监禁
a sentence of six months in prison 判刑6个月
get a life sentence 被判无期徒刑
serve a sentence 服刑
[解题警示] sentence用作动词时意为“判决；宣判”；用作名词时意为“刑罚”。
12. on principle原则上
on all sides在各方面，到处，四面八方
on (an) average平均
on balance总而言之
on business因公出差
on campus在校内
on duty值班
on earth究竟
on end竖着，连续地
on fire起火，非常激动
on hand在手头，即将发生，在场
on time按时
He doesn't invest in the stock market on principle.
原则上他不投资股市。
[考试题] ⑦(江苏东台)Everyone present at the meeting agreed to stick to the ________ that everyone should be treated fairly.
A. purpose B. ambition
C. principle D. level
答案：C
13. abolish vt.废除，取消
abolish a ban取消禁令
abolish a post撤消一个职位
abolish old rules取消旧规则
abolish the death penalty废除死刑
Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.
奴隶制在19世纪的美国被废除。
Should we abolish the death penalty
我们应当废止死刑吗？
[词语辨析] abolish与cancel
①abolish常用于旧的法律规章、风俗习惯、社会制度等，强调彻底废除。
②cancel常用于契约、合同、约束、个人债务、安排、计划、会议或假期。通常指令其失去效力或取消已有的安排。
[预测题] ⑧I phoned the hotel to ________ my reservation.
A．stop B．prevent
C．cancel D．abolish
答案与解析：C 既然是预订了房间，说明现在打电话是取消预订，cancel常指取消已有的安排；abolish废除(规章、风俗，制度等)；prevent阻止；stop阻止，终止，均不妥。
[用abolish或cancel的适当形式填空]
⑨This tax should be __________.
⑩I'm afraid I will have to __________ our meeting tomorrow.
第二部分：句 型 剖 析
1. Protest groups are insisting that some of our money be given to the third world.这些抵制组织坚持要把我们的一部分钱分给第三世界国家。
insist在此意为“坚持(主张)”，后面跟从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语部分要用(should)＋动词原形。课文中还出现了其他的一些词，如suggest(建议)，demand(要求)等，它们后面跟从句时，和insist一样。另外，insist on/upon doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”。
They insisted that we (should) be present at the meeting.
他们坚持要我们参加那个会议。
Tom demanded that the boss (should) pay him more.
汤姆要求老板多付他钱。
I insisted on seeing the manager as soon as possible.
我要求尽快见经理。
[解题警示] insist表示“坚持(主张，要求)”时，从句中用(should)＋动词原形。表示“坚持认为某个事实”时，从句中的谓语形式应与主句一致。另外，suggest也是如此，表示“建议”时，后面从句中谓语用(should)＋动词原形；表示“暗示；表明”时，从句中的谓语形式也应与主句一致。
2. I'd rather that you didn't mention that.我宁愿你不要提那件事。
would rather后常接从句，从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事
would rather...than...(＝would...rather than...)
宁愿……也不愿……
prefer to...rather than...宁愿……也不愿……
rather than而不是
or rather更确切地说
Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you came next weekend.
明天别来，我希望你下周再来。
I'd rather you didn't smoke in our home.
我希望你不要在家里抽烟。
[考试题]
①(陕西质检)—Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the movies
—Whom would you rather ________ with you, Li Hua or me
A．to go B．have gone
C．have to go D．have go
答案与解析：D 考查非谓语动词。would rather后跟非谓语动词时用动词不定式，而此处构成不定式的动词have是使役动词，后需跟非谓语动词作宾语补足语，此处宾语补足语表示一次性，短暂性动作，用省略to的动词不定式，选D项。
②(西安质检)—Did you go to the party last night
—Yes，and I'd rather ________.It was so ________.
A．not go; tiresome
B．not have gone; exciting
C．not have gone; tiring
D．go; interesting
答案与解析：C 考查would rather短语。句意：是的，我宁愿没去。这个晚会太烦人了。would rather not have done sth.“宁愿没做某事，而事实上做了。”综上分析，选C项。
③(2010·广西柳州)Why not get some work experience first ________ go straight on to university
A．rather than B．or rather
C．other than D．more than
答案与解析：A rather than而不是，or rather更确切地，other than不同于，非；除了，more than多于……。
④(北京市西城区)—Does Shelly like shopping
—Well, she would rather spend time ________ at home than ________ in the street.
A．read; wander
B．reading; wander
C．in reading; to wander
D．reading; to wander
答案与解析：B 此题考查固定词组的用法。据would rather do...than do...结构，第二个空填动词原形，因此排除C、D两项；据spend＋时间＋(in) doing排除A项。
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高二英语Unit24 Society单元复习学案（北师大版选修8）
第一部分：词 语 解 读
1. abundant adj.大量的；丰富的
be abundant in富于……；……很丰富
abundance n．丰富
an abundance of丰富的，许多的
in abundance大量，富裕
abundantly adv.大量地；丰盛地
The country is abundant in natural resources.
这个国家自然资源丰富。
[预测题] ①We are happy that the tree yields a(n) ________ of fruit.
A．abundant B．response
C．abundance D．attendance
答案与解析：C an abundance of“丰富的”，固定词组。response反应，响应；attendance到场；出席。句意：我们很高兴这棵树结果甚多。
2. accumulate vt.积累，积聚
accumulate a fortune积蓄一笔财产
accumulate evidence收集证据
accumulate knowledge积累知识
accumulative adj.累积的，积聚的
accumulatively adv.累积地
accumulation n．累积，积聚
By the late 1950s scientists had already accumulated enough evidence to show a clear link between smoking and cancer.
到20世纪50年代晚期，科学家已经积累了充足的证据表明吸烟与癌症之间有联系。
He accumulated a fortune by buying and selling used cars.
他买卖旧汽车积累了一笔财富。
He accumulated wide knowledge in his teens.
他在青少年时期积累了渊博的知识。
[考试题] ②(湖北黄冈中学)Dust ________ in a room if we do not clean the room regularly.
A. accomplishes B. accumulates
C. accommodates D. achieves
答案与解析：B 句意：房间如果不经常打扫就会积满灰尘。accumulate积累；堆积；accomplish完成，达到，实现；accommodate供应，提供住宿；achieve完成，达到。
3. burden n．重担，负担；v.使担负
the burden of sth.……的负担
a burden on/to sb.某人身上的重担
to bear/ease/reduce/carry/share the burden
承受/减轻/减少/担负/分担重担
burden sb. with sth.使某人担负……
be burdened with sth.负重；负担
The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state.
国家担负起了照料老人的大部分责任。
[预测题] ③I don't want to burden you ________ my problems, for you ________ important tasks.
A．about; are burdened with
B．with; are burdened with
C．for; burden with
D．with; are burdened about
答案与解析：B 句意：我不想增加你的麻烦，因为你担负着重任。burden sb./oneself with sth.加负担于某人/某人自己。be burdened with...担负着……。
4. vacant adj.未占用的，空着的；(表情)茫然的，无精打采的
a vacant seat空位
a vacant position空缺职位
a vacant expression茫然的表情
vacancy n．空；空白；空缺
The graduate wants to apply for the vacant position in the company.
这个毕业生想申请公司里的空缺职位。
5. come into being形成；产生；开始存在
come into power当权；上台
come into force(法律)实施
come into effect生效
bring sth. into being使形成，使产生
[解题警示] come into being中being可换成existence，该短语不能用被动语态。
6. wind sb. up故意惹恼(某人)
wind up上发条；把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇上
wind sth. around sth.缠绕；卷绕
wind one's way蜿蜓前行；曲折延伸
wind down逐渐变慢；逐渐平静下来；放松
The path winds through the woods.
这条路蜿蜓穿过树林。
Please wind the handle to open the door.
请转动把手打开门。
Don't forget to wind up the clock before you go to bed.
睡觉前别忘了给表上紧发条。
The blow winded me.
那一击使我喘不过气来。
7. resign vt. & vi.辞职
resign oneself to...顺从，听任摆布，甘受……
resign from辞职
resign...to...把……托交给……
[解题警示] resign意为“辞职”，quit意为“停止(工作等)”，give up意为“放弃(工作等)”。相比而言，resign比较正式，quit和give up比较口语化。
8. show off炫耀，卖弄
show sb./sth. off炫耀；使引人注目，使夺目
show sb. around/round(首次访问某地)作向导，
带某人参观
show up/show sth. up(使)显眼，(使)显现
show sb./sth. up揭发
(sb.) show up(某人)如约赶到，出现，露面(＝turn up)
show the way树立典范，作出榜样
[警示误区] show off既可作及物动词词组；也可作不及物动词词组。
He likes to show off how well he speaks French.
他喜欢向人展示他法语讲得有多好。
He's just showing off because that girl he likes is here.
他不过是在表现自己，因为他喜欢的那个姑娘在场。
[考试题]
④(江苏四市联考) He's always ________ and trying to impress his classmates.
A. showing off B. showing up
C. making off D. making up
答案：A
⑤(山东滨州)The society today offers the young generation more chances to ________ their talent and skills.
A．give out B．take in
C．show off D．carry on
答案：C
9. cast vt.投下；分派(演员)饰演戏中角色
cast about搜索，想方设法
cast off解开；抛弃，摆脱
cast down使沮丧，使下降，推翻
cast on开除，赶走，驱逐
The part was cast to him.
这个角色分配给他演。
She cast her eyes down to avoid direct eye contact.
她垂下双目以避免对视。
[解题警示] cast的过去式和过去分词均为cast。
10. undertake v．允诺；承担，从事，负责
undertake to do sth.答应做某事
undertaking n．事业，保证，企业
undertaker n．承办者，承担者
John undertook to finish the job by Friday.
John答应星期五之前完成这项工作。
[考试题] ⑥(河南濮阳)If you ________ this task, you must be ready to suffer from hardship.
A．apply B．experience
C．undertake D．command
答案与解析：C apply应用；experience经历；undertake承担；command命令。句意：如果你承担这项任务，你一定要做好遭受困难的准备。C项符合句意。
11. be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
sentence sb. to death 判处某人死刑
sentence sb. to three months in prison
判处某人3个月监禁
a sentence of six months in prison 判刑6个月
get a life sentence 被判无期徒刑
serve a sentence 服刑
[解题警示] sentence用作动词时意为“判决；宣判”；用作名词时意为“刑罚”。
12. on principle原则上
on all sides在各方面，到处，四面八方
on (an) average平均
on balance总而言之
on business因公出差
on campus在校内
on duty值班
on earth究竟
on end竖着，连续地
on fire起火，非常激动
on hand在手头，即将发生，在场
on time按时
He doesn't invest in the stock market on principle.
原则上他不投资股市。
[考试题] ⑦(江苏东台)Everyone present at the meeting agreed to stick to the ________ that everyone should be treated fairly.
A. purpose B. ambition
C. principle D. level
答案：C
13. abolish vt.废除，取消
abolish a ban取消禁令
abolish a post撤消一个职位
abolish old rules取消旧规则
abolish the death penalty废除死刑
Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.
奴隶制在19世纪的美国被废除。
Should we abolish the death penalty
我们应当废止死刑吗？
[词语辨析] abolish与cancel
①abolish常用于旧的法律规章、风俗习惯、社会制度等，强调彻底废除。
②cancel常用于契约、合同、约束、个人债务、安排、计划、会议或假期。通常指令其失去效力或取消已有的安排。
[预测题] ⑧I phoned the hotel to ________ my reservation.
A．stop B．prevent
C．cancel D．abolish
答案与解析：C 既然是预订了房间，说明现在打电话是取消预订，cancel常指取消已有的安排；abolish废除(规章、风俗，制度等)；prevent阻止；stop阻止，终止，均不妥。
[用abolish或cancel的适当形式填空]
⑨This tax should be __________.
⑩I'm afraid I will have to __________ our meeting tomorrow.
第二部分：句 型 剖 析
1. Protest groups are insisting that some of our money be given to the third world.这些抵制组织坚持要把我们的一部分钱分给第三世界国家。
insist在此意为“坚持(主张)”，后面跟从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语部分要用(should)＋动词原形。课文中还出现了其他的一些词，如suggest(建议)，demand(要求)等，它们后面跟从句时，和insist一样。另外，insist on/upon doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”。
They insisted that we (should) be present at the meeting.
他们坚持要我们参加那个会议。
Tom demanded that the boss (should) pay him more.
汤姆要求老板多付他钱。
I insisted on seeing the manager as soon as possible.
我要求尽快见经理。
[解题警示] insist表示“坚持(主张，要求)”时，从句中用(should)＋动词原形。表示“坚持认为某个事实”时，从句中的谓语形式应与主句一致。另外，suggest也是如此，表示“建议”时，后面从句中谓语用(should)＋动词原形；表示“暗示；表明”时，从句中的谓语形式也应与主句一致。
2. I'd rather that you didn't mention that.我宁愿你不要提那件事。
would rather后常接从句，从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事
would rather...than...(＝would...rather than...)
宁愿……也不愿……
prefer to...rather than...宁愿……也不愿……
rather than而不是
or rather更确切地说
Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you came next weekend.
明天别来，我希望你下周再来。
I'd rather you didn't smoke in our home.
我希望你不要在家里抽烟。
[考试题]
①(陕西质检)—Does anybody want an extra ticket to go to the movies
—Whom would you rather ________ with you, Li Hua or me
A．to go B．have gone
C．have to go D．have go
答案与解析：D 考查非谓语动词。would rather后跟非谓语动词时用动词不定式，而此处构成不定式的动词have是使役动词，后需跟非谓语动词作宾语补足语，此处宾语补足语表示一次性，短暂性动作，用省略to的动词不定式，选D项。
②(西安质检)—Did you go to the party last night
—Yes，and I'd rather ________.It was so ________.
A．not go; tiresome
B．not have gone; exciting
C．not have gone; tiring
D．go; interesting
答案与解析：C 考查would rather短语。句意：是的，我宁愿没去。这个晚会太烦人了。would rather not have done sth.“宁愿没做某事，而事实上做了。”综上分析，选C项。
③(2010·广西柳州)Why not get some work experience first ________ go straight on to university
A．rather than B．or rather
C．other than D．more than
答案与解析：A rather than而不是，or rather更确切地，other than不同于，非；除了，more than多于……。
④(北京市西城区)—Does Shelly like shopping
—Well, she would rather spend time ________ at home than ________ in the street.
A．read; wander
B．reading; wander
C．in reading; to wander
D．reading; to wander
答案与解析：B 此题考查固定词组的用法。据would rather do...than do...结构，第二个空填动词原形，因此排除C、D两项；据spend＋时间＋(in) doing排除A项。
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