课件44张PPT。第一部分 单项填空-1-近几年高考英语试题天津卷单项填空题从总体上着重考查考生对英语语法、词汇及在所给语境中对功能意念项目的运用能力,要求考生掌握并能运用课程标准八级要求规定的词汇、语法、功能意念和话题,其中的词汇量约为3,500个。近几年的天津高考单项填空题考查考生在一定语境中运用英语语言的能力,具有较强的实用性。题干简短,主要考查基本的语法概念和用法,重点考查动词词义的辨析、词语固定搭配、语义的理解、语法及句法在具体语境中的运用、交际功能项目在语境中的选择等。命题规律备考策略-1-2013~2017年高考英语天津单项填空试题考点统计 命题规律备考策略-1-从上表不难看出,天津卷单项填空题词汇方面以考查动词等实词为主,在考查词汇时则以词义辨析为主,语法的考查常突出语境的暗示作用。句式考查重点放在主从复合句上,要求考生在具体的语境中理解分句之间的逻辑关系, 同时突出对考生交际能力的考查。命题规律备考策略-1-命题规律备考策略单项填空题所考查的内容十分丰富,要答好这类题,除了要求考生有扎实的基本功外,也需要考生具备一定的解题技巧。近几年的高考单项填空题考查考生在一定的语言环境下运用语言的能力,具有较强的实用性。因而考生在解答单项填空题时应在语言的实际意义上下功夫,真正提高自己对英语语言的运用能力,将语法、语境和语言文化背景知识相结合,努力提高分析和解决问题的能力。除了传统的排除法、前后照应法及固定搭配法等方法以外,我们还可以运用下面几种解答单项填空题的方法。-1-一、分析结构
解单项填空题时经常会遇到题干中含有某一结构,且常常这一结构或者被句子的其他成分分隔开,或者在句中的顺序由于表达的需要而被颠倒了,此时我们应注意对句子结构的分析,提炼或还原出句子的结构,从而为解题找出突破口。例如:
(2016·天津卷,12)I’m going to advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.?
A.put B.make
C.take D.give
解题策略:选C。句意:我打算利用这次旅行来探索这座城堡的历史。take advantage of “利用”,为固定搭配。其他选项均不能与advantage连用。-1-二、把握语境
语境是指一定的语言环境。有时在一道题中,四个选项填入空处都是正确的,但只有一个符合题干所提供的语境。能否理解语境的暗示作用,常取决于考生的阅读理解能力。例如:-1-(2017·天津卷,7)—Michael was late for Mr.Smith’s chemistry class this morning.
— ?As far as I know,he never came late to class.?
A.So what B.Why not
C.Who cares D.How come
解题策略:选D。句意:——今天早上,在史密斯先生的化学课上,迈克尔迟到了。——怎么可能?据我所知,他可是上课从不迟到的。so what“那又怎样”;why not“为什么不呢”;who cares“谁在乎”;how come“怎么可能”。D项符合语境,用来表示听话者的惊讶。A、C两项表示不在乎;B项表示赞同或疑问,故选D项。-1-三、寻找关键词
在一些单项填空题的题干中常会有一些词为我们解题提供暗示,抓住这些暗示词则会让问题迎刃而解。例如:
(2016·天津卷,8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion on the subject.?
A.gave voice to B.kept an eye on
C.turned a deaf ear to D.set foot on
解题策略:选A。句意:讨论刚开始时,玛丽一言不发,但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give voice to“表达,吐露;发泄”;keep an eye on“留意;照看”;turn a deaf ear to“对……充耳不闻”;set foot on“踏上”。这个动词短语的宾语是her opinion,主语是she,抓住这两个关键词来进行判断,她不可能对自己的观点“充耳不闻”或“留意”,只有“表达”符合逻辑,故A项正确。-1-四、识别标点
标点在单项填空题中常会起到关键作用,它常会帮助我们找到解题的突破口。例如:
(2016·天津卷,9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.?
A.that B.where
C.which D.when
解题策略:选D。句意:我们将把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周,那时天气可能更好。next week后面的标点是逗号,这说明前面这句话在形式和意义上还不完整,后面的部分应该是一个从句,这个从句在意义上与next week有关联,故判断该从句是非限制性定语从句,next week是定语从句的先行词。由于从句中不缺少主语或宾语,故不能用that或which。此处应用when引导该定语从句,when在从句中做时间状语。专题一 名词、冠词和主谓一致-1-考情概览
1.名词不仅是高中英语所要学习的基本词汇,也是历年天津高考的“常客”。高考对名词的考查主要体现在词义辨析和名词搭配方面。
2.考查冠词的题目往往设两个空,以增加设题的覆盖面和难度。高考对冠词的考查主要包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。有些题目暗含特指的意义,需要根据语境仔细体会。
3.主谓一致主要考查一些基本句型的用法。注意掌握主谓一致的三个原则,尤其是主语部分比较复杂时,要明确哪部分是真正的主语,谓语动词和主语部分要保持一致。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七名词词义辨析
同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合,要特别注意提高在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量,做题时要深入理解语境,整体把握,结合句意做出最佳选择。
【典例分析】 (2016·天津卷,10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight of rain later tonight.?
A.effect B.sense
C.change D.chance
答案为D项。句意:天气预报说天气将会是多云,后半夜有小概率降雨。effect“影响;作用”;sense“感觉,意识;意义”;change“变化”;chance“机会;可能性”。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七在高考试题中,有一种“熟词生义”类的题型,即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的,但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本意义的基础上,善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的新义。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】—Could you tell me the of making such tasty cakes??
—Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A.feature B.plan
C.cost D.trick
答案为D项。句意:——你能告诉我制作这么美味的蛋糕的诀窍吗?——嗯,我只是按照食谱上的说明做的。feature “特点,特色”;plan “计划”;cost “花费,成本”;trick “诡计;诀窍”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七抽象名词具体化
抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等非实物的名词,用其本义时,通常不能与不定冠词连用。但是,当这些抽象名词表示具体概念时,前面可加不定冠词,用来表示某种品质的实际行动,常意为“一次……的事情;一个……的人;一种……东西”。如:
honor 荣耀→an honor 一件荣耀的事
danger 危险→ a danger 一个危险的人;一件危险的事
beauty 美丽→a beauty 一个美人;一件美丽的事物
pity 遗憾→a pity 一件令人遗憾的事
comfort 舒适→a comfort 给予援助或安慰的人或事物
surprise 惊讶→a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事
pleasure 愉快→a pleasure 一件乐事
failure 失败→a failure 一位失败者;一件失败的事
success 成功→a success 一位成功者;一件成功的事-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 It comes as surprise that dream of space travel will soon come true.?
A.a;the B.the;the
C.the;a D.a;不填
答案为A项。句意:令人惊讶的是太空旅行的梦想将很快成为现实。第一空后的surprise是抽象名词,这里是抽象名词具体化,指一件令人惊讶的事情,故填a;第二空特指太空旅行的梦想,故填the。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七名词做定语
名词做定语一般用单数形式,如a mountain village,stone houses;但man和woman做定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。如:a woman doctor,two women doctors。
【典例分析】 The three teachers teach nearly forty students.
A.woman;girls B.woman;girl
C.women;girls D.women;girl
答案为D项。名词做定语时一般用单数形式,但man和woman做定语修饰复数名词时,应用复数形式的men和women,故前一空应用women,而后一空则需要用单数形式的girl。-15-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七冠词的基本用法 -15-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.?
A.the;/ B.a;/ C.the;a D.a;the
答案为C项。句意:我刚刚听说一个戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫了多拉工作的那家银行。由bank后的定语从句可知这里特指多拉工作的银行,故第一个空用定冠词the;而第二个空泛指一个持枪歹徒,故用不定冠词a。
Life is like ocean:Only strong-willed can reach the other shore.?
A.an;the B.the;a C.the;/ D./;a
答案为A项。句意:人生就如同海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。第一空表示泛指,用an;第二空“the+形容词”泛指某一类人。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七不用冠词的情况
1.东西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如:New Year’s Day,National Day,Army Day等。但中国特有的节日名称前一般加定冠词,如:the Spring Festival,the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
2.月份、日期前一般不用冠词。如:in October,on March 8等。但表示特指时要加定冠词。如:in the October of 1980。
3.三餐名词前不用冠词。如:have breakfast,have lunch,have dinner等。但有定语修饰时需加冠词。如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch。
4.表示进行某项体育运动时名词前不用冠词。如:play football/basketball/chess等。但表示弹奏某种乐器时名词前需加定冠词。如:play the violin/the piano等。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七5.表示职位、头衔的名词做补足语或同位语时不用冠词。如:
He was elected chairman.
Mr.Wang,headmaster of our school,went to Japan last week.
6.一些固定短语不用冠词。如:at night,at first,by bus,go to bed,at table等。
【典例分析】 Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George.?
A./;/ B.the;/
C.the;the D./;the
答案为D项。英语中表示头衔、职位的名词用作补足语或同位语时前面不加冠词,该题manager在句中做主语补足语,所以第一个空不用冠词;take the place of为固定短语,意为“代替”。句意:萨姆已被委任为工程部的经理来代替乔治。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七习语中的冠词
1.有些习语中习惯用不定冠词。如:as a whole,in a hurry,all of a sudden,in a mess等。
2.有些习语中习惯用定冠词。如:by the hour,by the way等。
3.有些习语中习惯不用冠词。如:in use,at noon,at war,on duty,in fact等。
4.有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如:-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write _______ children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.?
A.a;不填 B.the;the
C.不填;the D.a;the
答案为D项。句意:简的奶奶很多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍,但是这样或那样的事情总是妨碍着她。第一个空泛指一本儿童书籍,所以用不定冠词修饰;第二个空是固定短语,get in the way意为“妨碍”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七主谓一致
主谓一致有语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个基本原则。
1.可数名词的单数形式、不可数名词、不定式、动词-ing形式或从句做主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;可数名词的复数形式做主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
Much milk was offered to him.
To nod one’s head means agreement.
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
What they said is true.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七2.and和both ...and ...连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;or,either ...or ...,neither ...nor ...,not only ...but also ...,not ...but ...连接并列主语时,谓语动词和靠近的主语保持一致。如:
Tom and Peter are both from America.
Not only he but also his parents have been to New York.
3.当主语后跟with,along with,together with,including,but,except加另一名词或代词时,谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致。如:
Tom together with his parents is going to New York.
Many teachers,including Mr.Wang,have been to Beijing.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七4.不定代词和疑问代词做主语时,一般视为单数。all,most,half等做主语时,若指不可数的东西,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;若指可数的东西,谓语动词用复数。如:
Either of the shirts fits me very well.
Most of the students are against the plan.
Most of the rock in this mountain is red.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七5.集体名词people,cattle,police等一般视为复数。family,class,team,army,government,public等作为整体看待时为单数,看作组成的成员时为复数。单复数同形的sheep,deer,means等做主语时,要根据意义确定谓语的单复数。如:
His family has just moved to Beijing.
Hearing the news,the whole family were very happy.
Every means has been tried.
All possible means have been tried.
6.“many a+单数名词”和“more than one+单数名词”做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:
Many a student has seen the film.
More than one person knows the secret.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七7.and连接的主语分别被each,every,no等修饰时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:
Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.
8.“分数或百分数+of+名词”和“the rest of/the majority of+名词”等构成的短语做主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与名词的单复数保持一致。如:
Two thirds of the desk is painted red.
Sixty percent of the students in our school are girls.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七9.时间、重量、距离、金钱等复数名词做主语时,谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。如:
Ten years is quite a long time.
10.“the+形容词”做主语,表示一类人时谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The rich live a happy life,while the poor live a hard life.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 The university estimates that living expenses for international students around $8,450 a year,which a burden for some of them.?
A.are;is B.are;are
C.is;are D.is;is
答案为A项。考查主谓一致。宾语从句中的living expenses for international students做主语,谓语动词用复数形式;which引导非限制性定语从句,代指“living expenses for...a year”,此从句作为一个整体来看待,谓语动词用单数形式。句意:那所大学估计国际生一年的生活费用大约8,450美元,这对他们当中的一部分人来说是一个负担。故选A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七特别提醒
遇到考查主谓一致的题目时,关键要分清哪一部分是真正的主语,然后根据主谓一致的三个原则做出判断。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day and often years to achieve.?
A.is;takes B.are;takes
C.are;take D.is;take
答案为A项。分析句子结构可知,success是主语,谓语动词用单数形式,因此第一个空填is,第二个空填takes。句意:成功是每天一点点小的努力的总和,而且往往要花几年时间才能达到,记住这点很重要。本句中It是形式主语。-1-1.(2017·天津耀华中学三模,8)Competition for entry to these programs is keen,and applicants need above-average grades to gain .?
A.ambition B.preference
C.admission D.ability
解析 句意:参加这些项目的竞争非常激烈,申请人需要有高于平均水平的成绩才能获得许可。ambition“雄心,抱负”;preference“喜爱,偏爱”;admission“加入权,进入许可”;ability“能力,才能”。C项符合句意。C-1-2.(2017·天津和平区三模,2)The foreigners here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for new Tianjin.?
A./;a B./;the
C.a;a D.the;the
解析 句意:使这里的外国人印象非常深刻的是,来自各行各业的人都在为建设一个新天津而努力工作。本题中第一个空指“来自各行各业的人”,集体名词people表示泛指,所以其前面不用冠词;第二个空指“一个新天津”,专有名词Tianjin前有形容词new,加不定冠词表示泛指,指具有某种性质的物(或者人)。所以选A项。A-1-3.(2017·天津南开中学5月模拟,14)Our class all fond of singing English songs and we can sing than others.?
A.is;many more B.are;many more
C.is;much more D.are;much more
解析 句意:我们班的同学们都很喜欢唱英文歌曲,而且我们会唱的(歌曲)比别人多。本题中第一个空前的class为集合名词,在此处指班上的所有成员,表示复数概念,所以填are;第二个空中修饰前文提到的English songs,故用many more。
4.(2016·浙江卷,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your .?
A.condition B.income C.credit D.status
解析 句意:按时付电费是很重要的,因为支付晚了可能会影响你的信誉。credit“信用,信誉”,符合句意。condition“条件;状况”; income“收入”;status“地位;状态”,均与句意不符。故选C项。BC-1-5.(2016·浙江卷,2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.?
A.The;不填 B.A;不填 C.A;the D.The;a
解析 考查冠词。句意:比赛获胜者的奖励是(一次)在巴黎为期两周的度假。第一个空为特指,用定冠词the;第二个空为泛指,用不定冠词a。故选D项。
6.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some and then let me know.?
A.thought B.support
C.protection D.authority
解析 句意:不必现在立即给我答案,思考一下然后再告诉我。thought“思考”;support“支持”;protection“保护”;authority“权威”。A项符合句意。DA-1-7.—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.
—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my .?
A.requests B.excuses
C.apologies D.regrets
解析 句意:——戴夫,去向你妈妈说对不起。——我愿意去,但是我担心她不满意我的道歉。be happy with是固定词组,意为“对……满意”。request “要求;请求”;excuse“借口”;apology“道歉”;regret“懊悔;遗憾”。C项为最佳答案。
8.When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his and had a bad fall.?
A.balance B.chance C.memory D.place
解析 句意:这个男孩追赶他哥哥时,身体失去平衡,摔了一个大跟头。balance“平衡”;chance“机会”;memory“记忆”;place“地点”。根据句意可知选A项。CA-1-9.The failure was a big to him,but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.?
A.blow B.issue C.excuse D.factor
解析 句意:这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击,但是他没有泄气,很快变得和以前一样热情。blow“打击”;issue“问题;议题”;excuse“借口”;factor“因素,要素”。
10.Some schools will have to make in agreement with the national soccer reform.?
A.judgments B.adjustments
C.comments D.achievements
解析 句意:一些学校将不得不做出调整,以适应国家足球改革。judgment“判断”;adjustment“调整”;comment“评论”;achievement“成就”。根据句意应选B项。AB-1-11.He gave himself a new name to hide his when he went to carry out the secret task.?
A.emotion B.talent
C.identity D.treasure
解析 句意:去执行秘密任务时,他给自己起了一个新名字来掩盖他的身份。emotion“情感”;talent“天赋”;identity“身份”;treasure“财富”。根据句意可知选C项。
12. more learned a man is, more modest he usually becomes.?
A.The;the B.A;a C.The;a D.A;the
解析 the more ...the more ...是固定句型,意为“越……就越……”,故A项符合题意。句意:一个人知识越渊博,他通常会变得越谦虚。CA-1-13.Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of children.?
A.stretch B.expand
C.reach D.extend
解析 句意:不要把火柴或香烟放在桌子上孩子们够得着的地方。stretch“伸展,张开”;expand“扩大”;reach“范围”;extend“延伸”。within reach of是固定短语,意为“在……够得着的范围内”。
14.As long as you have a clear in study and work hard for it,you will achieve it.?
A.target B.fun_ction
C.power D.environment
解析 句意:只要你有一个明确的学习目标,并朝着它努力,你就会实现该目标。target “目标”;fun_ction“功能”;power“力量”; environment“环境”。故选A项。CA-1-15.The manager of the factory told us that very little was made of the waste material in the past.?
A.cost B.value C.use D.matter
解析 句意:这家工厂的厂长告诉我们,在过去废料几乎没有得到利用。由谓语部分中的“made of”联想到主语是use,构成短语make use of,意为“利用……”。cost“费用”;value“价值”;matter“事情;问题”。
16.The service at Blue Moon Restaurant lived up to its ,for we were well served.?
A.reputation B.expression
C.impression D.judgement
解析 句意:蓝月亮餐馆的服务没有辜负它的名声,因为我们都得到了很好的服务。reputation“名誉;名望”;expression “表达;表情”; impression“印象”;judgement“判断”。CA-1-17. Some researchers point out that daydreaming is means of relaxation.?
A.the;a B./;the C.a;the D./;a
解析 句意:有些研究专家指出,白日梦是一种放松的手段。第一个空后面的daydreaming是动词-ing形式,具有泛指意义,其前不用冠词;第二个空后面的名词means单复数同形,意为“手段”,此处泛指一种手段,故其前用不定冠词。
18.You really ought to make most of the opportunity,because you won’t get second chance.?
A.the;a B./;/ C./;the D.the;the
解析 句意:你真的应该充分利用这次机会,因为你不会再有一次机会了。第一个空用定冠词构成固定短语make the most of,表示“充分利用”;第二个空后面的序数词second表示“another”,所以前面要用不定冠词。DA-1-19.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.?
A.is B.are C.has D.have
解析 句意:在摇滚音乐会上听嘈杂的音乐,导致了一些青少年听力受损。主语是动词-ing形式短语Listening to loud music at rock concerts,谓语动词用第三人称单数。主语与cause之间为主动关系,所以选C项。
20.A survey of the opinion of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one’s health.?
A.show;are B.shows;is C.show;is D.shows;are
解析 句意:对于专家观点的一次调查表明,一周户外锻炼三个小时对健康很有益处。主语是A survey,谓语用第三人称单数。宾语从句中的主语是three hours,属整体概念,所以宾语从句的谓语用第三人称单数is。CB课件46张PPT。专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气-1-考情概览
1.考查情态动词的基本意义和用法,特别是can,may,must,need,
shall,should,will,would等。要求把握情态动词的语法特征和语意特征,区别意义相近、用法类似的情态动词。
2.考查情态动词表示推测、允诺、请求、判断的用法,尤其是can,could,may,might,must表示推测的用法。要求准确把握说话者的语气,深刻体会说话者的情感态度,结合情景做出合理的选择。
3.考查“情态动词+have done”结构的用法。要求掌握该结构中不同的情态动词所表达的特殊意义。
4.考查虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。要求掌握与现在、过去、将来三个不同时间的事实相反的虚拟语气,以及省略if的虚拟倒装句。-1-5.考查虚拟语气在隐含的虚拟条件和错综时间条件句中的用法。要求识别由一些介词或连词提供的虚拟条件,明确主句和条件状语从句谓语所发生的不同时间。
6.考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法,注意在这些固定句型中谓语所使用的形式。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九can/could与be able to
1.can/could用来表示“一般能力”;be able to有多种时态,且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如:
My grandma is over seventy,but she can still read without glasses.
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
2.表示允许可用can或could,与may/might意义接近。could可用于一般现在时,只是语气更加委婉、客气,回答时则一般要用can而不用could。
—Could I have the television on?
—Yes,you can./No,you can’t.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2017·北京卷,21)Samuel,the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.?
A.must B.should
C.can D.need
答案为C项。句意:塞缪尔是我们班最高的男生,他很轻松就能够到书架顶层上的书。表示能力,用can“能够”。must“必须”;should“应该”;need“必须”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九(2016·天津卷,5)It was really annoying;I get access to the data bank you had recommended.?
A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t
C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
答案为B项。句意:这真让人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的资料库。wouldn’t“不愿意”;couldn’t“不能”;shouldn’t“不应该”;needn’t “没必要”。由第一句“这真让人恼火”可知,couldn’t为最佳答案,即“我不能进入你推荐的资料库”是“这真让人恼火”的原因。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九may与might
1.表示允许,意为“可以,许可”,用法基本上同can与could。如:
May I use your bicycle?
2.表示可能性,意为“也许,可能”。如:
According to the weather forecast,it may rain tomorrow.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 You feel all the training a waste of time,but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.?
A.should B.need
C.shall D.may
答案为D项。should“应该”,表示责任、义务或按照事理常规做推断,还可以表示“万一,竟然”;need“需要”;shall“会,应该”,表示允诺、命令、警告、决心以及法律规章的规定;may“也许,可能”。从句子后半部分的“but I’m a hundred percent sure ...”可以看出,句子前半部分是说话人对“you”的心理推测,存在不确定性,故用may,所以D项正确。句意:你可能觉得所有这些训练是在浪费时间,但我百分之百地确信,你以后会庆幸你做了(这些训练)。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九must与have to
1.must用来表示说话人的主观看法;have to表示客观的需要,强调外界压力,不得已而为之。如:
He said that they must work hard.(主观上要做这件事)
My brother was ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.(客观上需要做这件事)
2.表示“不必”,须用don’t have to或needn’t。mustn’t表示“禁止,绝对不可”。如:
You don’t have to tell him about it.
You mustn’t tell him about it.
—Must we do it now?
—No,you needn’t.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,2)My room is a mess,but I _______ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.?
A.daren’t B.shouldn’t
C.needn’t D.mustn’t
答案为C项。句意:我的房间乱得一团糟,但是今晚出门前我不必打扫。我可以早上打扫。根据后一句“我可以早上打扫”可知,此处应用needn’t表示“不必做某事”。故选C项。
(2016·北京卷,31)I love the weekend,because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.?
A.needn’t B.mustn’t
C.wouldn’t D.shouldn’t
答案为A项。句意:我之所以喜欢周末是因为我在周六、周日不必早起。needn’t “不必”;mustn’t “禁止”;wouldn’t “不会”; shouldn’t “不应该”。由句意可知,A项正确。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九shall,should与ought to
1.shall常用以表示下面三个方面的意思:
(1)用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中,用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如:
What shall he do next?
(2)用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如:
He shall stay in bed.
You shall have it back next week.
He says he won’t go,but I say he shall.
(3)用于表示法律法规及规章制度所做出的规定。如:
In our mall all payments shall be made in cash.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.should表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意。如:
You should learn from each other.
3.ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如:
Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.
4.should和ought to也可用来表示推测,意为“想必会……”。如:
—When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They should be ready by 12:00.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.?
A.might B.could
C.shall D.will
答案为C项。考查情态动词。句意:我们有一项规定,每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处shall表示按照法律、条文、规定必须要做的事情。其他选择项均无此用法。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九will与would
1.will 用于各种人称,表示意志、意愿或决心等。如:
If you will keep your watch half an hour slow,it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.
2.will表示习惯性的动作,意为“总是,惯于”。如:
An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.
3.would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如:
On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.?
A.might B.must C.would D.should
答案为C项。考查情态动词。句意:我仍然记得我的快乐童年,那时妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。might“可能,也许”;must“必须”;would“过去常常”;should“应该”。
The door open,no matter how hard she pushed.?
A.shouldn’t B.couldn’t
C.wouldn’t D.mightn’t
答案为C项。考查情态动词。句意:无论她怎么用力推,这扇门就是打不开。表示特定情况下事物的倾向性用will/would。wouldn’t open “打不开”。shouldn’t “不应该”;couldn’t “不能够”;mightn’t “可能不,或许不”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九情态动词表示推测
1.肯定句中用must(一定,很可能),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)表示推测。表示对当前行为、情况或状态的推测,用must/may/might/could+do/be句型;表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测,用must/may/might/could+be doing句型;表示对过去发生的事情的推测,用must/may/might/could+have done/been句型。如:
I always meet him in the street.He must/may/might/could live quite near here.
There is still light in his room.He must/may/might/could be studying at this time.
I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.否定句中用can/could或may/might表示推测。如:
Though he is busy,he can’t/may not refuse your invitation because you are good friends.
The room can’t have been cleaned by Li Ping,because she left here half a year ago.
3.疑问句中常用can/could表示推测。如:
—Can he be English?
—No.He can’t be English.He must be American.
The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 You be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.?
A.must B.can C.will D.shall
答案为A项。句意:你一定是卡罗尔。这些年你一点儿没变。must表示肯定推测;can表示推测时,常用于一般疑问句和否定句中;will表示意愿或倾向性;shall与第二、三人称连用,表示“允诺、警告、命令、威胁”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九“情态动词+have done”结构
1.must have done sth.用来表示对过去事情的肯定推测。如:
Since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.
2.should/ought to have done sth.表示“(过去)本应该做某事(而实际上未做)”,一般含有责备的意味。如:
You should have come here a little earlier.
3.could have done sth.表示“(过去)本能够、本可以做某事(而实际上未做)”,有时也含有责备意味。如:
Given more time,he could have done it better.
4.need not have done sth.表示“(过去)本不必、无须做某事(而实际上已做)”。如:
You needn’t have come last night.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,15)—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise,I able to reach her yesterday.?
A.hadn’t been B.wouldn’t have been
C.weren’t D.wouldn’t be
答案为B项。句意:——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?——是的。如果没有的话,昨天我就找不到她了。这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式,otherwise相当于一个条件状语从句,空格所在的句子相当于主句,故用“情态动词+have done”的形式,选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(2015·天津卷,7)I have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.?
A.mightn’t B.mustn’t
C.needn’t D.couldn’t
答案为C项。句意:来这所新学校之前我原本不必担忧,因为这里的同学们对我都非常友好。needn’t have done表示过去原本不必要做某事但是已经做了;mightn’t have done表示过去也许没有做某事;没有mustn’t have done这种用法;couldn’t have done表示过去不可能做某事。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法 -1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九1.在具体运用中,条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如:
Had it not been for your help,we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
2.介词(短语)without/but for,连词but,副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如:
I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress without your help.
3.有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如:
If the weather had been more favourable,the crops would be growing still better.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017·江苏卷,22) not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.?
A.It were B.Were it
C.It was D.Was it
答案为B项。句意:要是没有老师们的支持,这名学生是不可能克服困难的。在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中,若谓语动词含有were,可以省略if,将条件从句的主语置于were之后,构成倒装句。故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(2016·天津卷,15)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn’t been wearing one,I .?
A.were injured
B.would be injured
C.had been injured
D.would have been injured
答案为D项。句意:我系着安全带。如果我没系着安全带,我可能就受伤了。由第一句可知本题是谈论过去的事情。对过去的事情进行虚拟时,if条件句用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句用“would have +过去分词”。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.?
A.didn’t write
B.hadn’t written
C.wouldn’t write
D.wouldn’t have written
答案为D项。句意:如果没有战时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了,武器》。without,but for为含蓄虚拟语气的提示词。由句意可知,海明威写小说发生在过去,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故谓语动词用would have done的形式。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九虚拟语气的其他用法
1.在wish后面的宾语从句中以及would rather和if only后面的句子中用虚拟语气。如:
I failed in the exam.I really wish I had known the answers.
I would rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning.
If only I had not come here alone.
在It is wished that引导的主语从句以及名词wish后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,从句谓语的形式同wish后面宾语从句的形式。如:
It is wished that man could fly freely in the sky.
注意:wish的时态和后面从句的时态无关。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九2.在insist(坚决要求)/suggest(建议)/recommend/propose/order/demand/require/request等后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,从句谓语用(should) do的形式。如:
He suggested that we (should) start at once.
在It is suggested/proposed that引导的主语从句以及名词insistence/suggestion/proposal/order/demand等后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,谓语的形式同这些名词相应的动词后面的宾语从句的形式一致。如:
Their proposal is that their output (should) be increased by 20%.
3.在It is necessary/important/possible/strange/no wonder/a pity/a shame等后面的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用(should) do 的形式。如:
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九4.在It is (high) time that后面的从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用过去式或should do的形式,should不可省略。如:
It is time that we went/should go to bed.
5.在as if/as though后面的从句中也常用虚拟语气。如:
She always talks to me as if she were my sister.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2015·天津卷,13)I wish I at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.?
A.will be B.would be
C.have been D.had been
答案为D项。句意:我多么希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐的婚礼呀,可是我当时正在纽约出差。wish后面接宾语从句时,宾语从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气,根据last Tuesday可知,此处表示对过去的情况的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I
it??
A.had done B.have done
C.did D.am doing
答案为A项。考查虚拟语气。句意:打破窗户的是约翰,为什么你跟我说话的样子就好像是我做了这件事?as if后面的从句通常用虚拟语气,从句表示对过去的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九6.虚拟语气的题目有时并不出现if条件句,而是通过without/but for/or/otherwise等暗示虚拟条件的语境。
【典例分析】 It is lucky we booked a room,or we nowhere to stay now.?
A.had
B.had had
C.would have
D.would have had
答案为C项。句意:幸亏我们订了房间,否则现在将没有地方住。分析语境以及时间状语now可知,此处表示与现在事实相反的假设。因此主句谓语动词用“would+do”的形式,故选C项。-1-1.(2017·北京卷,34)If the new safety system to use,the accident would never have happened.?
A.had been put B.were put
C.should be put D.would be put
解析 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,那么这个事故就不会发生了。根据句意可知,此处表示对过去的事情进行假设,所以条件句应使用过去完成时态。A-1-2.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,23)—Lisa,what do you think of the job of being a nurse?
—In my opinion,it be difficult sometimes though it seems easy.?
A.should B.can
C.must D.need
解析 句意:——丽莎,你认为当一名护士这个工作怎么样?——在我看来,这个工作尽管看似容易,但有时可能是很难的。此处考查情态动词,应选B项can“可能”,表示推测。B -1-3.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,30)We would rather our daughter at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.?
A.would stay B.has stayed
C.stayed D.stay
解析 句意:我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但这是她的选择,她已不再是孩子了。此处考查虚拟语气,指女儿没像我们希望的那样待在家里,与现在事实相反,故选C项。C-1-4.(2016·北京卷,34)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week?If you me,I could have helped.?
A.told B.had told
C.were to tell D.would tell
5.(2016·江苏卷,27)If it for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.?
A.had not been B.should not be
C.were not to be D.should not have beenB 解析句意:为什么上星期你不把你的困难告诉我呢?如果你告诉我,说不定我会帮得上你呢。由问句中的last week及 could have helped推知,从句是对过去事实的虚拟,故用过去完成时。A解析从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以选had+过去分词。句意:如果没有他那天的邀请,我现在不会在这里。-1-6.(2016·浙江卷,15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.?
A.had not fallen B.would not fall
C.did not fall D.would not have fallen
7.I’m sorry I’m busy now.If I time,I would certainly go to the movies with you.?
A.have B.had C.have had D.had hadD 解析逗号前的内容是If条件句的倒装形式,其正常形式为:If the governments and scientists hadn’t worked together。可以看出这是与过去事实相反的虚拟,故主句应该用would(not)have done的形式。故选D项。D 解析句意:不好意思,我现在很忙,如果我有时间的话,我一定会与你一起去看电影的。主句的谓语是would go,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。非真实条件句用一般过去时had表示与现在事实相反的主观假设。-1-8.—I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning.
—You be imagining things.He left for America last night.?
A.need B.can C.must D.shallC 解析句意:——我确信今天早晨在公园里看到布莱恩了。——你一定是在想象吧。他昨天晚上去美国了。此处是对现在情景的推断,故用must表示“一定……”。can表示推测时,用于疑问句和否定句中。9.He ,but he chose to stay and fight.?
A.escaped B.did escape C.might escape D.could have escapedD 解析句意:他本可以逃跑但是他选择留下来战斗。could have done “本来可以做某事实际没做”。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 -1-10.—There will be a new film tonight.
—Yes.But for tomorrow’s test,I to see it with you.?
A.will go B.will have gone
C.would go D.would have gone
11.—Will you read me a story,Mummy?
—OK.You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.?
A.shall B.must C.could D.mightC 解析第二句话的意思是“要不是明天的考试的话,我就会跟你一起去了”。主句表示将来不可能实现的主观愿望,故用would+动词原形。A解析句意:——妈妈,你给我读一个故事,好吗?——好吧。如果你尽快上床睡觉的话,你会有故事听的。在肯定句中,第二人称后面跟shall可表示“许诺”。-1-12.I told your friend how to get to the hotel,but perhaps I have driven her there.?
A.could B.must C.might D.should
13.—I don’t agree with Mr.Johnson’s views about social welfare.
—He some better words to express his ideas,but I think what he said makes a lot of sense.?
A.might use B.should have used C.could use D.would have usedD 解析句意:我告诉过你的朋友怎么到旅馆的,但是可能我应该开车把她送到那儿去的。此处表示过去“应该做某事而实际上没有做”,故用should have done形式,故选D项。B解析句意:——我不同意约翰逊先生关于社会福利的那些观点。——他本应该用一些更好的词来表达他的想法的,但我认为他说得很有意义。should have done“本应该做而没有做”,是对过去发生的情况的虚拟表达。-1-14.To our surprise,he strongly demanded that she immediately for what she just said at the meeting.?
A.apologize B.would apologize
C.apologized D.had apologized
15.My deskmate is no doubt the brightest student in our class and
always work out those difficult maths problems.?
A.can B.might
C.must D.shouldA 解析句意:让我们吃惊的是,他强烈地要求她立刻为她刚刚在会议上说的话道歉。demand“强烈要求”,后接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语形式是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。A 解析句意:我的同桌无疑是我们班上最聪明的学生,他总是能够解答出那些数学难题。根据and前的分句可知,这里用情态动词can表示能力,意为“能,会”。-1-16.One visitor suggested that the museum set up a model train area to attract more children.?
A.should B.could C.might D.would
17.My friend stares at me as though I a complete stranger.?
A.am B.were
C.would be D.have beenA 解析句意:一个游客建议博物馆应该设立一个模型火车区域来吸引更多的孩子。在suggest意为“建议”后的宾语从句中应用虚拟语气,从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。故选A项。B解析句意:我的朋友盯着我看,好像我完全是个陌生人。as though表示“好像”,在此引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气,根据主句时态可知这里是对现在情况的虚拟,应用一般过去时(be动词用were)。故选B项。-1-18. you come across Tom,tell him I could visit him recently.?
A.Should B.Would
C.Could D.Might
19.But for your error,it easier for you to pass the driving test.After all,you had high-quality training.?
A.must have been B.should be
C.might have been D.could beA 解析句意:你如果碰见汤姆的话,告诉他我最近会去拜访他。此处是省略if的虚拟条件句,Should you come across Tom=If you should come across Tom。C解析句意:要不是你的失误,你也许能更轻松地通过驾照考试。毕竟,你有高质量的训练。根据语境,这里表示对过去情况的虚拟,句子谓语动词应用might/could/should/would have done。故选C项。-1-20.If all the audience what was deeply hidden in Joe’s speech,I’m sure he would have won first place.?
A.had understood B.would understand C.understood D.understands
21.—After having been homeless for five years,it is about time you
down.?
—I’m thinking about it.
A.had settled B.settled C.should have settled D.settleA 解析句意:如果所有的听众都能理解藏在乔的演讲背后的深意,那么我确信他能拿第一名。由主句中的“would have won first place”可知,这里表示“与过去事实相反的虚拟语气”,因此应用过去完成时(had done)。B解析句意:——流浪了五年后,现在你该安定下来了。——我正在考虑。在“It is about time (that)...”句型中,从句谓语动词常用过去式或“should+动词原形”,should不可省略。-1-22.It sounds like a wonderful match.How I wish I it like you.?
A.watch B.have watched
C.would watch D.had watchedD 解析句意:那听起来是一场精彩的比赛。我多么希望像你一样已经观看了这场比赛。根据语境可知,比赛已经结束了,wish后面的宾语从句表示的是对过去的事情的虚拟,故用过去完成时。23.If it the climate,I would stay here much longer.?
A.is not for B.had not been for
C.were not for D.would not be forC 解析这是带if虚拟条件句的虚拟语气,主句的谓语是“would+动词原形(stay)”,表示与现在的事实相反的主观愿望。这个虚拟条件句也是与现在的情况相反的主观假设,故用were not for。-1-24.It was playing video games that took the boy too much time that he
have spent learning.?
A.could B.must C.might D.ought toD解析句意:正是玩电脑游戏花去了这个孩子太多的时间,而这些时间是他应该用来学习的。此处表示与过去情况相反的虚拟语气,用ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上没有做”。could have done“本来能够做某事而实际上没有做”,不符合题意。must和might用来表示猜测,不是虚拟。25.You’d better pull your car over to the side of the road if you
answer a phone call.?
A.must B.will C.can D.mayA 解析句意:如果你非要接电话的话,你最好把车开到路边。根据句意可知此处要用must,表示“偏要”。课件32张PPT。专题三 形容词和副词-1-考情概览
1.考查形容词和副词及其短语的词义辨析。高考命题者对形容词的考查主要是设置较长的题干,考查在具体语境中辨析词义的能力。对于副词主要考查以-ly结尾的副词,程度副词和表达行文逻辑、起衔接作用的副词。
2.考查形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。命题者设置巧妙的语境,题干中信息含蓄,没有明显的标志词,考生只有理解句子含义,明确比较范围,才能得到正确的答案。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五形容词和副词的词义辨析
词义辨析是高考对形容词、副词考查的一大热点。解答此类题的关键是理解所给形容词、副词的词义,认真分析具体的语境,结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。
从近几年全国及各省市高考试题来看,考查频率最高的形容词和副词有otherwise,however,nevertheless,instead,merely,even,
interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very,
common,effective,either,ever,fair,seldom,always,rare,never,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,3)—I want to see Mr.White.We have an appointment.
—I’m sorry,but he is not at the moment,for the meeting hasn’t ended.?
A.busy B.active
C.concerned D.available
答案为D项。句意:——我想见怀特先生,我们有约定。——抱歉,他现在没有空,因为会议还没有结束。busy“繁忙的”;active“积极的”;concerned“担心的”;available“有空的;可得到的”。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五(2016·浙江卷,13)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, if you are travelling at high speed.?
A.eventually B.strangely
C.merely D.especially
答案为D项。句意:突然制动是很吓人的经历,特别是你正在高速行驶的时候。根据句意,选especially “特别,尤其”。eventually“最后”;strangely“奇怪地”;merely“仅仅”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四形容词和副词的比较等级
1.对两者进行同等程度的比较用“as+原级+as”句型。当as ...as 中间有名词时采用“as+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+as”和“as+many/much+名词+as”的形式。如:
This is as good an example as the other is.
2.对两者进行不同程度的比较用“not as/so+原级+as”句型。如:
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
3.表示前者的程度超过后者时用“比较级+than”句型。如:
Tom works harder than Peter.
He is more diligent than his brother.
4.表示前者的程度不如后者时用“less+原级+than”句型。如:
This book is less interesting than that one.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四5.“比较级+and+比较级”可用来表示“越来越……”。如:
It is becoming colder and colder.
6.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。如:
The busier he is,the happier he feels.
7.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。如:
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.(对)
The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(错)
8.要避免重复使用比较级。如:
He is cleverer/more clever than his brother.(对)
He is more cleverer than his brother.(错)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。如:
China is larger than any other country in Asia/any country in Africa.(对)
China is larger than any country in Asia.(错)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四【典例分析】 (2016·浙江卷,18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years.?
A.little more B.no more
C.much more D.many more
答案为D项。前面提到的名词events是可数名词,因此不能用little和much去修饰,故排除A、C两项。根据语境,“我”一直喜欢这些活动,应该希望未来几年继续参加更多(类似的活动)。后半句补全以后应该是I hope to attend many more such events in the coming years。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are meaningful things to do.?
A.less B.more
C.the least D.the most
答案为B项。less“更少的”;more“更多的”;the least“最小的,最少的”;the most“最多的”。句意:我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间——有更多有意义的事情去做。故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四 特别提醒
我们在解考查比较级和最高级的题目时,分清比较的范围是关键:
(1)两个事物进行比较应用比较级,三个或三个以上的事物进行比较应用最高级。做题时既要通过分析数量关系确定使用比较级还是最高级,又要注意通过句意和语境进行判断,因为很多题目并没有直接说明是几者进行比较,而是把数量隐含在句意中。
(2)若题目为省略句,应根据语境和语意寻找被比较的对象,然后确定比较的范围。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四比较级和最高级前的状语
1.比较级前常用表示程度的副词(短语)做状语,常见的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级。如:
He is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I.
2.比较级前还常用名词、数词和倍数做状语。如:
We have a third as many students as we had last term.
The river is three times as long as that one.
3.最高级常用by far/much或序数词做状语。如:
The population of China is by far the largest in the world.
Africa is the second largest continent.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四【典例分析】 (2017·天津南开区二模,8)—How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016?
—I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected.?
A.even much interesting
B.far more interesting
C.so far interesting
D.far from interesting
答案为B项。句意:——你认为你在2016年夏天的水上乐园之旅怎么样?——我非常享受那次旅行。它比我预期的要有趣得多。根据句意可知,空处表示“有趣得多”,形容词interesting的比较级为more interesting,修饰形容词的比较级可用far或much等,故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四特别提醒
比较句型中用名词、数词和倍数做状语时,一定要把这些状语放在比较级前或同级比较的第一个as前。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四比较级的否定
1.not用来否定比较级时,只陈述客观事实,即“not+比较级+than ...”表示“……不比……”。如:
Jim is not taller than Daming.
2.no用来否定比较级时,往往带有感彩,对比较的两者都否定,即“no+比较级+than ...”表示“……和……一样不……”。如:
The patient is no better than he was yesterday.
Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.
3.“否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词”或“否定词+比较级”表示“从未……,未曾……”,常常表达最高级的意义。如:
This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四【典例分析】 (2017·天津高考压轴卷,25)Grandma does all her own shopping and cooking—I have never seen aged person.?
A.an independent B.a more independent
C.the most independent D.the more independent
答案为B项。句意:奶奶自己购物做饭,我从没见过比她更独立的老年人。否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思,修饰可数名词person且表示泛指,用a, 故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四常用连接性副词
1.besides“另外,此外”,表示递进关系。
2.however“然而”,表示让步、转折关系。常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
3.though“然而,可是”,表示转折关系。做副词时,用于句末。
4.moreover“另外”,表示承接关系。
5.anyway“无论如何,不管怎样”,表示转折关系。
6.therefore“因此,所以”,表示结果。
7.meanwhile “在此期间”,表示两个动作同时发生。
8.instead“相反”,表示动作相反。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点四【典例分析】 By accepting lower prices,organizers can sell tickets that would go unsold.?
A.therefore B.otherwise
C.instead D.however
答案为B项。句意:组织者通过降低价格出售那些否则就会卖不出去的票。therefore“因此,所以”;otherwise“否则,要不然”;instead“代替,而不是”;however“然而”。根据句意选B项。-1-1.(2017·江苏卷,29)Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death,smart-phones defeated PCs in sales.?
A.controversial B.contradictory
C.confidential D.conventional
解析 句意:史蒂夫·乔布斯死后仅五年,智能手机在销量上就击败了传统的个人电脑。controversial“有争议的”;contradictory“矛盾的”;confidential“秘密的”;conventional“传统的”。故选D项。
2.(2017·江苏卷,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But explanations are hard to find.?
A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent
解析 句意:恐龙的消失并不一定是由天文事件引起的。但是很难找到其他的解释。alternative“其他的,替代的”;aggressive“侵略的”;ambiguous“含糊的”;apparent“显而易见的”。故选A项。DA-1-3.(2017·天津南开区四模,2)As economy is declining,jobs to the young continue to be scarce.?
A.available B.convenient C.comfortable D.valuable
解析 句意:随着经济的衰退,可供年轻人选择的工作仍然很稀缺。available “可供选择的”,与句意相符,故选A项。convenient“便利的”;comfortable“舒适的”;valuable“有价值的”。
4.(2017·天津红桥区上学期期中,6)—Do you think Mr.Wang is a serious teacher?
—Absolutely.He tells jokes in his classes.?
A.suddenly B.occasionally C.rarely D.frequently
解析 句意:——你认为王老师是个很严肃的老师吗?——确实是这样。他很少在班上开玩笑。由Absolutely及句意可知,此处应选C项,rarely“极少地,罕见地”。suddenly“突然地”;occasionally“偶尔地”; frequently “频繁地”。A C-1-5.(2017·天津红桥区上学期期中,10)—A man,called Kidul,in Indonesia,has kept awake for over 40 years.
—My God!How could he work or live a life??
A.usual B.common
C.formal D.normal
解析 句意:——在印度尼西亚,有一位叫Kidul的男子连续四十年没有睡觉。——我的天哪!他是怎么工作、怎么过正常的生活的啊?normal “正常的”,与句意相符,故选D项。usual“通常的”;common“普通的”;formal“正式的”。D-1-6.(2017·天津河西区三模,3)Considering the different demands of the students,the school has adopted a more approach to education.?
A.flexible B.independent
C.responsible D.considerate
解析 句意:考虑到学生的不同需求,这所学校已采用一种更为灵活的教学方式。flexible“灵活的”,符合句意,故选A项。independent“独立的”;responsible“有责任的”;considerate“考虑周到的”。A-1-7.(2017·天津河西区三模,9)Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain,and to human health.?
A.frequently B.significantly
C.steadily D.consequently
解析 句意:化学污染会对农业和食物链造成威胁,因而危及人的健康。consequently“结果,因此”,符合句意,故选D项。frequently“频繁地”;significantly“显著地”;steadily“稳定地”。
8.(2017·天津和平区学业水平考查模拟,9)The film is really boring.It was I’ve ever seen.?
A.most boring film B.the more boring film
C.the film more boring D.the most boring film
解析 句意:这部电影真无聊。它是我看过的最无聊的电影。由I’ve ever seen可知此处应该用形容词的最高级修饰名词film,且最高级前应加定冠词the,故选D项。DD-1-9.(2017·天津和平区上学期期末,9)Mr.Black has made great achievements in science,but he remains and never talks about them.?
A.silent B.modest C.calm D.active
解析 句意:布莱克先生已经取得了很大的科学成就,但是他仍然保持谦虚的态度,从不提起这些成就。modest“谦虚的”,符合句意,故选B项。silent“沉默的”;calm“镇定的”;active“活泼的”。
10.(2017·天津和平区一模,14)They carry out checks on milk products to make sure that they are of high quality.?
A.common B.natural C.ordinary D.regular
解析 句意:他们对奶产品进行定期检查,以确保其高质量。regular “定期的”,与句意相符,故选D项。common“普通的;共同的”;natural “自然的”;ordinary“普通的,平常的”。BD-1-11.(2016·江苏卷,31)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.?
A.explicit B.ambiguous
C.original D.arbitrary
解析 句意:他全面的调查已经为这些数据是如何收集、以及在什么基础上收集的提供了最明确的说明。explicit“明确的”,与句意相符,故选A项。ambiguous“模糊的”;original “原始的”;arbitrary“任意的”。
12.It was of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.?
A.careless B.considerate C.patient D.generous
解析 句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情,以免我们担心。considerate “考虑周详的,体贴的”,故B项符合句意。careless“粗心的”;patient“耐心的”;generous“慷慨大方的”。AB-1-13.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ________ review of the case.?
A.comprehensive B.complicated
C.conscious D.crucial
解析 句意:警方决定对这个案件进行一次彻底而又全面的审查。comprehensive“全面的,无所不包的,详尽的”;complicated“复杂的”; conscious “神志清醒的”;crucial“至关重要的,关键的”。与thorough并列时,comprehensive最符合句意。
14.I’m so to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.?
A.special B.superior C.grateful D.attractive
解析 句意:我非常感激那些志愿者们,因为他们让我那糟糕的一天有了一个快乐的结尾。grateful“心存感激的”;special“特别的”; superior “出众的”;attractive“吸引人的”,C项符合句意。AC-1-15.Andy is content with the toy.It is he has ever got.?
A.a better B.the better
C.a best D.the best
解析 从he has ever got来判断,比较的范畴是三个或三个以上,所以应该用形容词的最高级,并且形容词的最高级前用定冠词the,故选D项。句意:安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他曾经收到的最好的玩具了。
16.The girl used to be shy,but is getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.?
A.gradually B.usually
C.previously D.merely
解析 句意:这个女孩过去很腼腆,但现在逐渐地积极参加集体活动,也更乐意表达自己了。gradually“逐渐地”;usually“通常地”; previously“先前,事先”;merely“仅仅”。根据句意可知选A项。DA-1-17.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Yes.I have never been to one before.?
A.a more excited B.a more exciting
C.the most excited D.the most exciting
解析 句意:——你在晚会上玩得高兴吗?——是的。这是我参加过的最令人兴奋的晚会。“a+比较级+名词”意为“一个更……的……”。这里比较级与否定词连用表达最高级。
18. Fitness is important in sport,but of at least importance are skills.?
A.equal B.reasonable
C.fair D.proper
解析 句意:体格对运动来说很重要,但是技能至少也是同样的重要。equal“相等的”;reasonable“合理的”;fair“公平的”;proper“恰当的”。BA-1-19.The reason why her son is always thin is that he is about what he eats.?
A.curious B.concerned
C.particular D.crazy
解析 句意:她儿子总是很瘦的原因是他对吃饭很挑剔。be curious about“对……好奇”;be concerned about “关心……”;be particular about “对……挑剔”;be crazy about“热衷于……”。
20.The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only
beaten.?
A.nearly B.slightly
C.narrowly D.lightly
解析 句意:这场篮球赛的最终比分是93-94。我们仅仅是惜败。nearly“几乎”;slightly“稍微地”;narrowly“勉强地”;lightly“轻轻地”。CC-1-21.When a customer withdraws money from the bank,it is required to leave his signature.But how can we be sure it is ??
A.absolute B.alternative
C.academic D.authentic
解析 句意:客户在银行取款时需要留下签名,但我们如何能确信签名是真实的?absolute“绝对的”;alternative“可供选择的”;academic“学术的,纯理论的”;authentic“真实的”。根据but的转折可知,银行要求签名为的是确认取钱人员的可靠性,但我们无法确信留下的签名是否“真实”。故D项正确。D-1-22.—Do you have the time?
—Yes.But my watch is not very .?
A.efficient B.temporary
C.proper D.accurate
解析 句意:——你知道几点钟了吗?——是的。但我的表不是很精准。efficient“高效的”;temporary“暂时的”;proper“恰当的,合适的”; accurate“准确的,精确的”。根据句意选D项。
23.You haven’t changed at all—you still look the same as before.?
A.actually B.hardly
C.properly D.exactly
解析 句意:你根本没有变,看起来仍然和以前一模一样。actually“实际上”;hardly“几乎不,简直不”;properly“合适地”; exactly“恰恰是”。根据句意选D项。DD-1-24.My teacher speaks English well indeed,but of course not a native speaker.?
A.as fluent as B.more fluent than
C.so fluently as D.much fluently than
解析 句意:我的老师的英语说得的确好,但当然还是不如以英语为母语的人讲得流利。由于修饰动词speaks,故用副词fluently;又因是否定句,故用not so ...as ...结构。
25.According to the data from Robb’s studies,men produce slightly
speech.But no sex difference in the reading task was found.?
A.clearest B.clear
C.clearly D.clearer
解析 句意:罗伯的研究数据表明,男性的语言表达更清楚一些。但是在阅读任务中没有发现性别方面的差异。这里是在男性和女性之间进行的比较,故用形容词的比较级clearer做speech的定语。CD课件70张PPT。专题九 并列句和复合句-1-考情概览
分析历年全国各省市高考试题可以看出,对于并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1.考查“祈使句+and/or+简单句”结构中祈使句应用动词原形、而不能用非谓语动词的用法。
2.考查并列句中but,or等连词的选用,做题时一定要明确前后句的逻辑关系和语境意义。
3.考查名词性从句中引导词的选用,区分what,that,wh-ever,whether,if,where,why,when等连接代词和连接副词的语义功能和语法功能。把名词性从句与定语从句放在一起进行综合考查,尤其增加了试题的难度。-1-4.考查定语从句中引导词的选用,重点是关系代词与关系副词的辨别,以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。其中对as,which,whose,when用法的考查呈上升趋势。对定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句和强调结构的综合考查也是考查的热点。
5.考查状语从句中引导词的选用,其中时间、条件、让步、地点状语从句是考查的重点。一定要把握主句、从句间的意义及逻辑关系,注意区分不同从属连词的语义功能和语法功能。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 but,while,however的区别
but表示意义的转折;while既表示转折又表示对比;however为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。如:
I got it wrong.It wasn’t the red one but the blue one.
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.
I like football,while my sister likes basketball.
She has difficulty in learning English;however,she works hard and is making rapid progress.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九【典例分析】 He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone.?
A.so B.but
C.or D.as
答案为B项。句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。前后两句在内容上构成转折关系,所以用but连接。
There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man,also intelligent,fails.?
A.since B.if
C.as D.while
答案为D项。考查连词。句意:很难理解为什么一个人会做出一项重要的发现而另一个同样很聪明的人却没有。since “自从;既然”;if “如果”;as “就像……”;while 为并列连词,表示“然而”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九“祈使句+and/or+简单句”句型
在该句型中,前面的祈使句表示条件,后面的陈述句表示结果。如果前后句表示顺延意义,中间的连词用and,相当于“if条件状语从句+主句”;如果前后句表示转折意义,中间的连词用or,相当于“否定的if条件状语从句+主句”。如:
Work hard and you will succeed.(If you work hard,you will succeed.)
Hurry up,or we’ll be late.(If we don’t hurry up,we’ll be late.)
在上面的句型中,有时前面的祈使句可省略为名词词组。如:
One more word and I will beat you.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.?
A.if B.or
C.and D.while
答案为C项。考查连词。句意:给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。前后句之间是顺承关系,故用and。题干为“祈使句+and/or+简单句”句式。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九并列连词when和for的用法
1.when可用做并列连词,表示“就在这时,就在那时(突然发生了某事)”。如:
We were ready to rush away when the snake moved.
2.for可用做并列连词,表示补充说明的原因。如:
We had better stay at home,for it is raining.
【典例分析】 (2016·北京卷,35)I am not afraid of tomorrow,
I have seen yesterday and I love today.?
A.so B.and
C.for D.but
答案为C项。句意:我毫不畏惧明天,因为我亲眼看见了昨天并且深爱着今天。由句意可知,空前表示结果,空后表示原因,故选C项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九主语从句的引导词
1.连接代词who,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等,尤其要注意what引导的主语从句是高考命题的热点。如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
Who will win the match is still unknown.
2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,在从句中做状语。如:
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
3.连词that,whether(不用if),在从句中不担任成分。如:
That he will come and help you is certain.
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九4.what引导主语从句时为连接代词,表示“……的东西,……的事情”,既起引导作用,又在从句中做主语、宾语或表语;that引导主语从句时为连词,无意义,只起引导作用,不在从句中担任成分,但不可省略。
特别提醒
选择主语从句引导词时,应着重考虑以下几个方面:
(1)无意义也不做成分,只起引导作用时用连词that,但不能省略。
(2)表示“是否”之意时,应用连词whether,不要误用if。
(3)需要引导词在从句中做成分时,根据句意选用who/what/which/when/where等连接代词或连接副词。
(4)whoever相当于anyone who,意为“任何人”;whatever相当于anything that,意为“任何事情”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017·北京卷,23)Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.?
A.whatever B.whoever
C.whomever D.whichever
答案为B项。句意:每年,凡是制作出最精美的风筝的人将在风筝节上获奖。whoever在此处相当于anyone/anybody who,引导主语从句。whatever“无论什么”;whomever“无论谁”,在从句中做宾语;whichever“无论哪一个”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(2016·江苏卷,21)It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.?
A.why B.what
C.as D.that
答案为D项。分析句子结构可知,句首的It是形式主语,空格后的部分是句子的真正主语;从句结构完整,意思完整,引导词在从句中不做成分,故用连接词that。句意:通常情况下,对那些不放弃希望的人来说,任何事都是可能的。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表语从句的引导词
1.连接代词who,whose,what,which等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:
That’s just what I want.
The question is who will be the next president of France.
2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,在从句中做状语。如:
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九3.连词that,whether (不用if),as if,as though等,在从句中不担任成分。如:
The problem is that they can’t get here early enough.
The point is whether we should lend him the money.
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
特别提醒
选择表语从句引导词时,以下几个方面应引起特别注意:
(1)because可以引导表语从句,但句子主语为reason时,表语从句的引导词应该用that。
(2)表语从句表示“是否”时,应用whether而不用if。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2016·北京卷,29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.?
A.what B.that
C.whether D.why
答案为B项。句意:雨季最让人愉悦的一件事情就是可以完全远离尘土。分析句子结构可知,空处在句子中引导表语从句,且从句句子结构完整,再根据句意可知选that,只起连接作用,无意义。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九宾语从句的引导词
1.连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,
whichever,whatever等,在从句中做主语、表语、宾语、定语等,what引导宾语从句在近几年高考试题中考查的频率最高。如:
In one’s own home one can do what one likes.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
【典例分析】 Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.?
A.what B.that C.why D.how
答案为A项。分析句子结构可知,介词for后面的从句为宾语从句。因为从句谓语动词achieve为及物动词,缺少宾语,所以引导词需是连接代词。四个选项中,只有A项为连接代词,故选A项。句意:读着她的传记,我沉浸在对多丽丝·莱辛所取得的文学成就的钦佩中。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.连接副词when,where,why,how等,在从句中做状语。如:
Do you know where the accident happened?
She always thinks of how she can work well.
【典例分析】 We must find out Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.?
A.when B.how
C.where D.why
答案为A项。句意:我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候来到,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。为卡尔订房间需要知道的是他到达的时间,故选A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九3.连词that,whether,if在从句中不担任成分。与or not连用常用whether,而不用if;做介词宾语要用whether而不能用if;从句是否定句时一般用if引导。如:
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.
特别提醒
解答有关宾语从句的题目,尤其应注意以下几点:
(1)宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
(2)主句谓语为过去时态时,宾语从句除客观真理外,一般要用过去时态。
(3)选用引导词时,应考虑从句中是否缺少成分,需要什么意义的引导词。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,4)She asked me I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.?
A.when B.where
C.whether D.what
答案为C项。句意:她问我是否已经把书还到图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。分析句子结构可知,此处用whether来引导宾语从句,意为“是否”,故选C项。
I truly believe beauty comes from within.?
A.that B.where
C.what D.why
答案为A项。句意:我真的认为美丽来自内心。分析句子结构可知,此处用that连接宾语从句,that在从句中不做成分,通常可以省略。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九同位语从句的引导词
1.同位语从句常放在fact,idea,truth,hope,wish,problem,
question,information,news,belief,thought,doubt,message,order,promise,word,evidence,reply,answer,possibility,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request等名词后面,对前面的名词做进一步的解释说明,通常指的是前面名词的内容或含义。
2.同位语从句大多由that引导,也可以由when,where,how,whether等引导。如:
It is a question how he did it.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九3.引导同位语从句的that只起引导作用,无意义也不在从句中充当成分,但一般不可省略;引导定语从句的that既起引导作用,又在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。如:
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位语从句。that在从句中不做成分,从句说明了idea的内容。)
The idea (that) you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定语从句。that在从句中做put forward 的宾语。)
特别提醒
选择同位语从句的引导词时,应着重考虑以下几个方面:
(1)不是任何名词后面都可以接同位语从句,只有部分名词后面才接同位语从句,应熟记这部分名词。
(2)同位语从句通常指的是前面名词的内容或含义。
(3)引导同位语从句的that不做成分,但一般不可省略。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2016·天津卷,11)The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.?
A.whether B.that
C.which D.what
答案为B项。句意:经理提出了一条建议,我们应该有个助手。要做的工作太多了。此处考查同位语从句的引导词,由于空后的从句不缺少任何成分,故该同位语从句应用that来引导。故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九定语从句的引导词
1.关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as等可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中充当句子成分。近几年对which引导的定语从句的考查频率最高,对whose引导的定语从句的考查也很常见。
(1)who指人,在从句中做主语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:
He is a man who never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
(2)whom指人,在从句中做宾语,可以用who代替或省略;但当前面有介词时,不能用who代替且不能省略。可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:
Here is Mr.Smith,whom/who you’ve been expecting to meet.
She brought with her three friends,none of whom I had ever met before.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(3)whose可指人或物,在从句中做定语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:
I live in a room whose window faces south.
(4)which指物,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句,在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略,但前面有介词时不能省略。如:
I have read the book A Tale of Two Cities,which was written by Charles Dickens.
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
(5)that可指人或物,在从句中可做主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略且前面不能有介词,只能引导限制性定语从句。如:
The bag that lies on the ground is hers.
The old man (that) I visited yesterday is my teacher.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(6)as引导定语从句时在从句中可做主语或宾语,主要用于such ...as和the same ...as句型;也可单独引导定语从句修饰整个主句,并可置于主句之前。如:
He was in such a fury as I have never seen.
As we all know,the earth travels around the sun.
(7)当先行词为指物的不定代词或先行词由最高级、序数词或only/last/very所修饰时,定语从句只能由that来引导。
(8)当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that引导定语从句。如:
Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.
(9)当主句是以which,where,who引导的特殊疑问句时,为了避免重复或产生歧义,定语从句的关系代词或关系副词一般用that而不用which,where,who。如:
Who is the boy that is playing the piano?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,9)My eldest son, work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.?
A.that B.whose
C.his D.who
答案为B项。句意:我的大儿子此刻正在纽约,他的工作使他全世界奔波。分析句子结构可知,定语从句的引导词在从句中做定语修饰work,故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(2016·北京卷,22)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.?
A.whose B.why
C.where D.which
答案为A项。句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。分析句子的结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a couple,将先行词代入定语从句后为:the couple’s children often make a lot of noise。由此可见,关系词在定语从句中做定语,故用 whose 引导。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九The number of smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.?
A.it B.which
C.what D.as
答案为D项。句意:正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如……,正像……”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.关系副词when,where,why可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中做状语。
(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词,且从句中需要时间状语时,引导词用when,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that或which。如:
I can’t remember the date when he went abroad.
Do you still remember the time (that/which)we spent together?
(2)当先行词是表示地点的名词,且从句中需要地点状语时,引导词用where,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that或which。如:
They will fly to Kunming,where they plan to stay for two days,and then go to Guilin.
Beijing is the place (that/which)I want to visit most.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(3)当先行词是reason,且从句中需要原因状语时,引导词用why,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that或which。如:
I don’t know the reason why he was late.
No one believes the reason (that/which) he gave us.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2015·天津卷,15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.?
A.where B.which
C.when D.who
答案为A项。句意:这个公司的老板正在设法创造一种轻松的氛围,在这种氛围中他的员工们喜欢干本职工作。分析句子结构可知,where在此处引导定语从句,并在从句中做状语。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.?
A.which B.where
C.whom D.when
答案为D项。分析句子结构可知, he should be able to be independent为定语从句,修饰先行词the time。因为先行词为时间名词,并且从句中不缺主语、宾语、表语,所以用关系副词,在从句中做时间状语。故选D项。?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九3.“介词+which/whom”可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。
(1)当先行词是表示物的名词时,定语从句可由“介词+which”引导;当先行词是表示人的名词时,定语从句可由“介词+whom”引导。如:
Is this the school in which you study?
I have met the teacher with whom you just talked about your son.
(2)选择介词时,首先考虑从句中的短语应该搭配什么介词,其次考虑用什么介词才能使从句符合句意和逻辑。
(3)介词可以置于which或whom之前,但不可置于that,who或as之前。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2016·浙江卷,11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of has been proved.?
A.whom B.which
C.what D.that
答案为B项。前后两句之间用逗号隔开,说明后一句为非限制性定语从句,且先行词theories表示物,故用which。that也可以指物,但不能用于引导非限制性定语从句或用于介词之后。故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九4.当定语从句的先行词是the way时,如果从句中不缺少主语或宾语,则引导词应用that,in which或省略引导词;如果从句中缺少主语或宾语,则引导词应用that或which,引导词做宾语时也可省略。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九特别提醒
考查定语从句的题目,应着重考虑以下几点:
(1)所有定语从句的引导词都含有先行词的意义,都在从句中做成分。关系代词可在从句中做主语、宾语、定语;关系副词可在从句中做状语。
(2)确定用什么引导词时,应先看先行词指代的是什么,然后看引导词在从句中需要充当什么成分;从句中需要主语、宾语或定语时用关系代词,需要状语时用关系副词。
(3)把握好只用that而不用which的几种情况,和只用which而不用that的几种情况。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九(4)which和as引导的定语从句可以修饰整个主句。as含有“正如,正像”的意思;as引导的定语从句可置于句首。
(5)关系代词做主语时,从句中谓语的单复数一般应与先行词一致。如果先行词为the only one,谓语则用单数。
(6)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词或reason时,就要考虑从句中需要什么成分。需要状语时,引导词用when,where或why;需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that/which。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九状语从句的引导词
1.时间状语从句
(1)when,while和as
当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续性的时候,用三者均可。when是最常用词;as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。如:
John sang happily as he went along.
While/When John was reading the book,I was working out my study plan.
When John arrived,I was cooking lunch.(不用while)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九(2)before,by,till和until
before指“在……之前”,与after相对。by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。till/until “直到……为止”,在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。如:
Please come back before ten o’clock.
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
You must wait for him till tomorrow.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九(3)名词短语every time,the moment,the minute,the second等和副词immediately,directly,instantly等可做连词引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。如:
Every time I listen to your advice,I get into trouble.
I recognized him immediately I saw him.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2016·天津卷,7) the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.?
A.Unless B.Until C.As D.While
答案为C项。句意:随着人均寿命的增长,需要照顾的老人越来越多。unless“如果不,除非”;until“直到……”;as“随着……;当……的时候”;while“当……的时候;虽然,然而”。由句意知应选择C项。
(2015·天津卷,12)We need to get to the root of the problem
we can solve it.?
A.while B.after C.before D.as
答案为C项。句意:在我们解决问题之前,我们需要弄清问题的根源。根据句意可知,先弄清根源,再解决问题,所以用before引导时间状语从句。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九2.地点状语从句
由where和wherever等引导。如:
Generally,air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
You can sit wherever you like.
【典例分析】 (2017·江苏卷,23)Located the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.?
A.why B.when
C.which D.where
答案为D项。句意:位于“一带”与“一路”的交汇处,江苏将为“一带一路”建设作出更大贡献。“ the Belt meets the Road”是状语从句,根据句意可知,应由where引导,意为“……的地方”,故选D项。?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九3.条件状语从句
由if,unless,as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,supposing that,in case (that),on condition that等引导。如:
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 It is so cold that you can’t go outside fully covered in thick clothes.?
A.if B.unless C.once D.when
答案为B项。句意:天气如此寒冷,你不能出去,除非你全身穿上厚衣服。unless“除非”,相当于if...not;if“如果”;once“一旦”;when“当……的时候”。
You won’t find paper cutting difficult you keep practicing it.?
A.even though B.as long as
C.as if D.ever since
答案为B项。句意:只要你不断地练习,你就不会觉得剪纸很难学。as long as在此处引导条件状语从句,意为“只要”。even though “尽管,虽然”;as if “仿佛,好像”;ever since “自从”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九4.原因状语从句
由because,as,since,now that等引导。because为常用词,且说明的是直接原因,并可回答why引导的问句;as,since和now that语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。如:
—Why are you late today?
—Because I didn’t catch the bus.
As I didn’t know the way,I asked a policeman.
Since you won’t help me,I’ll ask someone else.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2016·北京卷,33)I really enjoy listening to music
it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.?
A.because B.before C.unless D.until
答案为A项。句意:我很喜欢听音乐是因为音乐使我放松,使我忘却了一天的心头琐事。由句意可知,空处引导原因状语从句,故选because。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九5.让步状语从句
(1)由though,although,even if,even though,whoever(whatever,whichever,whenever...),no matter who(how,what,when...)等引导。如:
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
No matter how hard he tried,he could not change her mind.
(2)as和while也可引导让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句时,从句须以形容词、副词、名词或动词(原形)等开头,整个从句须置于主句之前;while引导让步状语从句时,一般从句在前主句在后。如:
Much as I respect him,I can’t agree to his proposal.
While I like the color of the hat,I do not like its shape.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2016·江苏卷,26) some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of failure.?
A.Because B.If
C.Unless D.While
答案为D项。while位于句首,引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”。句意:虽然有些人是被成功的需要所激励,但是其他人却是被失败的恐惧所激发。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九(2016·北京卷,27)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he’s in his nineties.?
A.as long as B.as if
C.even though D.in case
答案为C项。句意:我的祖父仍时不时地打网球,尽管他现在90多岁了。根据句意可知,此处表示让步,故用 even though“虽然,尽管”。as long as“只要”;as if“仿佛,好像”;in case“以防,以免”,均不符合题意。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九6.目的状语从句
(1)由so that,in order that等引导,从句中常用should,could,might等情态动词。如:
He spoke loud in order that/so that we could hear him.
(2)in case也可引导目的状语从句。如:
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
【典例分析】 Cathy had quit her job when her son was born
she could stay home and raise her family.?
A.now that B.as if C.only if D.so that
答案为D项。考查状语从句的引导词。now that“既然”,引导原因状语从句;as if “似乎,好像”,引导方式状语从句;only if“只有”,引导条件状语从句;so that“以便”,引导目的状语从句。句意:凯西在她儿子出生时放弃了她的工作,以便能够待在家里照顾家庭。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九7.结果状语从句
由such...that,so...that,so that等引导。其中的so为副词,such为形容词。具体使用句式主要有以下几种:
so+adj./adv.+that...
so+adj.+a(n)+n.(可数名词单数)+that...
so+many/much/little/few+n.+that...
such+a(n)+adj.+n.(可数名词单数)+that...
such+adj.+n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数)+that...-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九如:
This film is so moving that I want to see it again.
He walked so fast that I couldn’t keep up with him.
This is so interesting a book/such an interesting book that we all like it very much.
There were so many books in the shop that he didn’t know which to buy.
They were such kind villagers that they all came to help us.
It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 At the bad news,she was so sad I had to stay here keeping her .?
A.that;companion
B.then;companies
C.that;company
D.and;accompany
答案为C项。句意:听到那个糟糕的消息,她如此悲伤以至于我不得不留下来陪她。此句采用了so...that...结构,that引导结果状语从句;keep sb.company为固定表达,意为“陪伴某人”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九8.方式状语从句
由as,as if/though,the way等引导。如:
You must do as I told you.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
【典例分析】 a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.?
A.Just as B.Even though
C.Until D.Unless
答案为A项。句意:正如一个词语能改变一个句子的意思一样,一个句子能改变一个段落的意思。just as“正如,就像”;even though“虽然,尽管”;until“直到”;unless“如果不,除非”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九特别提醒
考查状语从句的题目,应着重考虑以下几点:
(1)要根据前后句的逻辑关系判断是哪一种状语从句。
(2)注意when/while/as引导时间状语从句时的异同。
(3)一些名词短语和副词以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。
(4)注意because/as/since/now that等引导原因状语从句时的异同。
(5)although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。
(6)no matter who/what/where/which/how等可引导让步状语从句,相当于whoever/whatever/wherever/whichever/however等。但whoever/whatever/whichever还可引导名词性从句。-1-1.(2017·北京卷,22)—Peter,please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited.?
—No problem.
A.but B.or C.for D.so
解析 句意:——彼得,请给我们邮寄明信片,这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方了。——没问题。but“但是”;or“或者”;for“因为”; so“如此;因此”。第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系,故选D项。
2.(2017·北京卷,25) birds use their feathers for flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes.?
A.Once B.If
C.Although D.Because
解析 句意:虽然鸟儿(主要)用羽毛飞翔,但是它们的一些羽毛还有其他的用途。although意为“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句。once“一旦”;if“如果”;because“因为”。DC -1-3.(2017·北京卷,26)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing she was heading.?
A.why B.where C.how D.when
解析 句意:简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着,不知道自己要去哪里。where在此处引导宾语从句,表示方向性。why“为什么”; how“如何,怎样”;when“什么时候”。
4.(2017·江苏卷,28)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.?
A.which B.its
C.whose D.whom
解析 句意:1963年,联合国设立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解全球饥荒。分析句子结构可知,先行词the World Food Programme与purpose是所有格关系,故用whose引导定语从句,故选C项。BC -1-5.(2017·天津耀华中学二模,5)—Have you told your parents about your decision?
—Not yet.I can hardly imagine they will react.?
A.how B.that
C.what D.when
解析 句意:——你告诉你父母你的决定了吗?——还没有。我很难想象他们将作何反应。how在此处引导宾语从句,在从句中做状语,表示方式。故选A项。A-1-6.(2017·天津第一中学第五次月考,6)Many universities share teaching resources online,creating a learning space benefits life-long learners.?
A.how B.what
C.which D.where
解析 句意:许多大学在网上共享教学资源,创建了一个学习的空间,使终身学习者很受益。 分析句子结构可知,此处应用which引导定语从句,且在从句中做主语。故选C项。C -1-7.(2016·浙江卷,5) online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.?
A.Since B.After
C.While D.UnlessC 解析考查状语从句。句意:虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活,但并非其所有的影响都是积极的。while用于句首表示“虽然,尽管”,相当于although。故选C项。-1-8.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
A.what B.who C.that D.whoever
9.If you miss this chance,it may be years you get another one.?
A.as B.before
C.since D.afterA解析考查名词性从句。句意:如果你去河里或湖里游泳,一定要调查清楚水下有什么。经常有岩石或树枝藏在水里。what在此处引导宾语从句,并在从句中做主语。B解析考查连词。句意:如果你错过这次机会,可能再过数年你才会得到另一次机会。此处考查句型“it may be+时间段+before...”表示“要过……才……”。-1-10.—I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.?
—By working out every day.
A.where B.how C.why D.if
11.There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.?
A.since B.until C.when D.beforeB 解析考查名词性从句。句意:——我想知道这么多年过去了玛丽是如何保持身材的。——通过每天锻炼。根据答语可知,此处用how引导宾语从句。D解析考查状语从句。根据主句中的to go(还剩下)判断,There is only one more day指的是从现在算起截止到将来的时间(your favorite music group play live)之前,所以应该用before 引导时间状语从句。句意:在你最喜欢的音乐组合现场演奏之前仅剩一天的时间了。-1-12. scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still don’t know.?
A.Once B.Since C.Though D.UnlessC解析考查状语从句和连词。句意:虽然科学家们对宇宙有了很多了解,但是仍然有许多东西我们不知道。though引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”。once“一旦”;since“自从;因为”;unless“除非”。13.You have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.?
A.what B.that
C.where D.whoC解析考查宾语从句。句意:如果你计划以最佳方式到达,你必须知道你要去哪里。宾语从句中缺少地点状语,所以用where引导。-1-14.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, you can hear some lovely music.?
A.which B.that C.when D.where
15.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon
school education depends.?
A.it B.that C.whose D.whichD 解析考查定语从句。句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你可以听到一些动听的音乐。分析句子结构可知,此处用where引导定语从句,修饰St.Paul’s Church,where在从句中做地点状语。D 解析考查“介词+which”引导的定语从句。本题的主句是“Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill”,“upon school education depends”是定语从句。在这类从句中,先行词指人用whom,指物则用which。在本句中先行词为the fundamental skill,因此选which。句意:一些专家认为,阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。?-1-16.It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.?
A.as B.where C.that D.whichD 解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意:它确实是一个宜人的地方。与一百年前的样子一样,有着弯弯曲曲的小径和漂亮的村舍。which指物,引导非限制性定语从句。-1-17. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, ,as the name suggests,eating doesn’t take much time.?
A.which B.where C.that D.who
18.My mother is grateful to the surgeon,without help she would have been died from her heart attack.?
A.whom B.them C.which D.whose B 解析句意:现如今青少年喜欢去快餐店吃饭。正如其名字所表明的那样,在快餐店吃饭不会花费太多时间。句中先行词 restaurant 在定语从句中做地点状语,故选择 where。D解析句意:我母亲对那位外科医生非常感激,没有他的帮助,她就会死于心脏病了。先行词是the surgeon,定语从句的引导做定语修饰名词help,表示“没有他的帮助”,故用关系代词whose。-1-19. is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.?
A.It B.Which C.What D.As
20.It’s going to be some time he sees his father again, business has just been started in Switzerland.?
A.after;who B.since;who
C.when;whose D.before;whoseD 解析句意:和通常一样,我们制定出了生产计划。“ is often the case”是非限制性定语从句,修饰主句。能够置于主句前面的定语从句只能由关系代词as引导。?D 解析句意:将要过一段时间,他才会再见到他的父亲,他父亲的生意在瑞士刚刚起步。第一个空用连接词before引导时间状语从句,表示“要过多长时间才会发生某事”;第二空引导定语从句修饰先行词his father。引导词作定语修饰主语business,表示所属关系,故用关系代词whose。-1-21.He worked in a car factory for four years, he founded his own company in his hometown.?
A.after which B.after when
C.after that D.after itA 解析这是一个非限制性定语从句,在从句中由于介词after提前了,根据句意,可知要用关系代词which,故选A项。句意:他在一家汽车公司工作了四年,在那以后,他在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。22.You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor you have to wait.?
A.even if B.as if C.in case D.in order thatC 解析句意:看病时,你最好带些阅读的东西,以防你不得不等着。even if“即使”;as if“好像”;in case“以防”;in order that“为了”。此处用in case引导这个目的状语从句。-1-23.I don’t know Tom will take part in the conference,but if he does,I’ll let you know as soon as possible.?
A.how B.why C.that D.whether
24.Though invited several times,I still have some doubts I can go to his birthday party.?
A.when B.where C.why D.whetherD 解析考查宾语从句。句意:我不知道汤姆是否参加这次会议,但是如果他参加的话,我会尽早让你知道的。由句中的“but if he does”可知应选whether。whether引导宾语从句,在从句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”。D 解析考查同位语从句。句意:虽然我被邀请好几次了,但是我还是不确定是否能去参加他的生日聚会。doubt用于肯定句时后面一般用whether(是否)引导同位语从句。-1-25.—I’ll ask our physics teacher to explain Newton’s laws of motion she taught us yesterday.
—That’s just most of the students still have doubts.?
A.what B.why
C.where D.howC解析考查表语从句。where在此处相当于the point about which,在从句中做地点状语,意为“那正是多数学生仍有疑问的地方”。课件35张PPT。专题二 代词和数词-1-考情概览
纵观近五年的天津高考英语试题,对于代词的考查主要集中在替代词one,it,that和this等的用法。命题者把that,one,ones,those,this,it,them,these等不同用法的代词放在具体的语境中,让考生根据所替代的名词的特点和所跟定语的修饰特点对它们进行辨别。
另外,不定代词either,neither,both,none,another,other,the other,each,any,all,some和复合不定代词everybody,nobody,anybody,somebody也是很好的命题热点;反身代词的使用及其构成的惯用习语也要引起重视。
高考对数词的考查不频繁,近几年未曾出现关于数词的考题。但是,倍数的表达方式、分数或百分数做主语、及数量词做主语时的主谓一致情况也是考查的重点。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八人称代词的用法
人称代词有人称、数和格的不同。主格在句中做主语或表语;宾格在句中做宾语,但在口语中也能做表语。在省略句中单独使用或用在not后(多用宾格)。如:
—I like English.
—Me too.
—Have more wine?
—Not me.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八【典例分析】—Who’s that at the door?
— is the milkman.?
A.He B.It
C.This D.That
答案为B项。句意:——门口那人是谁?——是送奶工。it是人称代词,指代不知道姓名或性别的人,这里用来表明身份。
Surprisingly,Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made almost an overcoat for her.?
A.them B.her
C.itself D.herself
答案为C项。考查代词辨析。句意:令人惊奇的是,苏珊的秀发直抵膝盖以下,就像给她披上了一层外衣。根据句意及句子结构,选项表示的是主语hair,故应选择与主语hair同义的反身代词itself。考点四-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法
1.both,either,neither 用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:
Both the boys are clever.
Neither of the two boys is clever.
2.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能做定语用,但each还可做主语、宾语和同位语。如:
All of the students are there.
All (of) the milk is there.
Each student may have one book.
Each of them has an e-dictionary./They each have an e-dictionary.考点四-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八【典例分析】 She’d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge.?
A.both B.neither
C.none D.either
答案为B项。考查代词。句意:她曾经在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过,但是这两个地方她都不喜欢,于是搬到了剑桥。前面提到了两个地方,否定两者用neither。考点四-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions.?
A.all B.none
C.either D.neither
答案为D项。句意:这个研究小组在调查的基础上提供了两份报告,但是没有一份包含着有用的建议。根据but一词可知,此处表示转折,故用否定意义的代词,排除A项和C项;两者都否定用代词neither;none表示三者或三者以上全部否定。考点四-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。
1.some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物;重要的人或事”。如:
Somebody is waiting outside.
He thinks he’s really somebody.
有时也用于疑问句中表示邀请。如:
Would you like something to eat?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四2.any构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物;无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:
There isn’t anything in the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip,register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:
You can take anything you like.
3.no构成的复合不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如:
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四4.every构成的复合不定代词意为“一切人或物;每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2017·天津耀华中学二模,4)Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and before you leave.?
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
答案为C项。考查不定代词。句意:在你离开前,确保你已经有了护照、票等一切东西。something“某事”;anything“任何事”;everything“一切”;nothing“什么都没有”。根据句意可知C项正确。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.?
A.One B.No one
C.Everyone D.Someone
答案为C项。one表泛指,“一个人”;no one“没有人”;everyone“每个人”;someone“有人,某人”。根据第一句中的anyone“任何人”可知,这儿的每个人都可以帮忙。句意:你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意帮助你。故选C项。考点四-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
1.other和the other通常做定语用;others和the others通常做主语、宾语或表语用。如:
He is willing to help others/other people.
2.other和others用作泛指,没有明确的范围;the other和the others为特指,有一定的范围。如:
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing.The other students/The others have not.
3.在句型one ...the other ...(用于两者)中,the other可用做主语或宾语;在some ...others (other ...)句型中虽有一定范围,但other(s)前不用冠词。如:
Some of us like football,and others are fond of basketball.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四4.another为泛指,与单数名词连用。但another后可跟few或带数字的复数名词,相当于a few或数字加more再加复数名词。如:
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.
【典例分析】 To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .?
A.another B.the other
C.other D.either
答案为B项。因为一个人有两只脚,所以用the other表示两只中的另一只。another指三者或三者以上范围中的“另一个,又一个”。故B项正确。句意:为了取暖,那个水手坐在火前面,用一只光着的脚搓着另一只光着的脚。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四不定代词none与no one的用法
1.none意为“一个(点)也没有”,既可指人,也可指物,可对how many和how much的提问作出简略回答。如:
—How much water is there in the bottle?
—None.
2.no one意为“没有人,没有谁”,一般指人,可用来回答who提出的问题。如:
—Who is in the classroom?
—No one.
3.none后常接of介词短语,但no one和nobody后面不接of介词短语。如:
None of the students are/is afraid of difficulties.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2017·天津红桥区一模,2)Of all the books on the desk, is of any use for our study.?
A.nothing B.no one
C.none D.neither
答案为C项。句意:桌子上所有的书中,没有一本对我们的学习有任何的帮助。因为前面提到了描述的对象books,后面指的是在数量上“一个也没有”,故用none。nothing指物,no one指人,二者都表示叙述的对象。none指人或物,表示数量。neither指两者中的任何一个都不。故选C项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四it的用法
1.it可用于无人称的句子中,表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如:
It is getting warmer and warmer.
It’s ten minutes’ walk from here to our school.
2.it可代替动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句做形式主语或形式宾语。如:
It’s important for us to learn a second language.
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you??
A.them B.one
C.those D.it
答案为D项。句意:如果你正在观看你自己喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进入房间,没有询问你的意见就把电视关掉了,你会有什么样的感受?表示人的情感好恶的动词like,love,hate等后面通常接it做形式宾语。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四it,that,those,one,ones表示替代的用法
1.it用来代替前面出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词,属于“同名同物”的替代。也可替代前面提到的某种情况或某个动作以避免重复。it还可在take/like/hate/hide/appreciate/depend on等后做形式宾语,代替后面的宾语从句或不定式短语。如:
I lost my pen last week but I found it yesterday.(it代替my pen)
I hate it in summer when it is hot.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四2.that用来替代前面出现过的特指的单数可数名词或者特指的不可数名词,相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”,属于“同类异物”的替代,that后一般有限定成分。如:
The weather in Beijing is as good as that in Tianjin.(that代替the weather,后有介词短语in Tianjin修饰)
“the+单数可数名词”可以用that代替,用the one来代替更为常见。如:
The book is not so interesting as that/the one I bought last week.(that/the one代替the book,后有定语从句 I bought last week修饰)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四3.those代替前面出现的可数名词复数以避免重复,且表示特指,后有定语修饰,可与the ones 通用。如:
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those/the ones of the poor.
4.one只能替代前面出现过的可数名词单数形式,是泛指概念,相当于“a/an+可数名词单数形式”,属于“同类异物”的替代。如:
I lost my pen yesterday.I will buy one.(one代替a pen)
The film is not so good as the one I saw yesterday.(the one代替the film,后有定语从句I saw yesterday修饰)
5.ones用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数形式。the ones表示特指,常相当于those。如:
I do not like green apples.I like red ones.(ones代替apples)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2017·天津红桥区上学期期中,2)—Oh,no!My English novel is missing.
—I saw Tom leaving with ,but I am not sure whether yours was included.?
A.one B.it
C.some D.that
答案为C项。句意:——哦,不!我的英文小说丢了。——我看到汤姆走的时候拿着几本,但我不确定你的那本是不是在里面。由whether yours was included可推断第二句指汤姆走的时候拿着好几本书,不知道里面有没有第一句所说的那本英文小说,因此空格处应填表示复数的some。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.?
A.these B.some
C.ones D.those
答案为D项。考查不定代词。句意:在16个国家接受调查的那些人中,有一半表示他们首先去最亲密的朋友那里分享自己内心最深切的愿望以及极度的恐惧。此处考查替代词,表示特指且为复数概念要用those。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四数词及倍数的用法
1.基数词和序数词的表达方法,及in the 1990s/1990’s表示“20世纪90年代”的用法。
2.at the age of ...表示“在……岁时”,in one’s thirties表示“在某人三十几岁时”。
3.倍数的三种常用表达方式:倍数+比较级+than...;倍数+as+原级+as ...;倍数+the+名词(size/height/depth/width/weight)+of ...。
【典例分析】 It’s said that the power plant is now large as what it was.?
A.twice as B.as twice C.twice much D.much twice
答案为A项。考查倍数。句意:据说,发电厂是原来的两倍大了。倍数和as ...as连用时,表示倍数的词要放在第一个as之前。故选A项。-1-1.(2017·天津和平区四模,2)Mr.Zhang gave all textbooks to all the pupils,except who had already taken them.?
A.these B.ones
C.those D.the others
解析 句意:张老师把所有的课本都分给了所有的学生们,除了那些已经拿了课本的学生。代词those在此处替代前面出现的可数名词复数the pupils以避免重复。ones也可替代前面出现的可数名词复数,但表示泛指,此处应用the ones表示特指那些已经拿了课本的学生,排除B项。前面出现的pupils有all修饰,所以排除D项。C-1-2.(2017·天津南开区二模,5)Varieties of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem.We can choose to start with.?
A.it B.that
C.each D.one
解析 句意:已经提供给我们多种解决问题的方案。我们可以选一个开始。one表示泛指其中一个,相当于a solution,符合句意。it和that均用于指代上文出现的单数可数名词,each指每一个,均与句意不符。故选D项。
3.(2017·天津耀华中学一模,2)The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than in the newspaper.?
A.it B.those C.one D.that
解析 句意:网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播的要快得多。it属于“同名同物”的替代;those代指前面出现的可数名词复数形式;one表示泛指,that特指前面出现过的不可数名词。故选D项。DD-1-4.(2017·天津耀华中学上学期统练二,3)—Wow!You’ve got so many clothes.
—But of them are in fashion now.?
A.all B.both
C.neither D.none
解析 句意:——哇!你有这么多衣服啊。——但是没有一件是现在流行的。根据句意可知them代指上文提到的clothes,空处表示“没有一件”,指三者或三者以上中一个也没有,故选D项。由“But”可排除A项,B、C两项均指代两者,故排除。
5.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,22)Tom makes a rule to give a summary of the new important points after class.?
A.that B.what C.them D.it
解析 句意:汤姆把课下总结新的重要知识点当成了一条惯例。it代替后面的动词不定式结构,做句子的形式宾语。故选D项。DD-1-6.In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK.?
A.that B.this C.one D.it
7.—Is there any power left in your cell phone? Mine is dying.
—Oh,sorry! There is left in my cell phone,either.?
A.anything B.no one
C.none D.nothingA 解析that是代词,相当于“the+名词”,在该句中代替前面的the education system,以避免重复。one只用来指代单数可数名词,相当于“a/an+名词”。故选A项。C解析句意:——你的手机还有电吗?我的快没了。——很抱歉!我的手机也没有一点儿电了。none表示“没有一点儿”。no one指人;nothing指没有任何东西。故选C项。-1-8.Mary donated half of her money to the charity,and spent half on her education.?
A.another B.other
C.any other D.the other
9.All of us want very much to see these amusing movies,especially
you referred to just now.?
A.one B.the one
C.it D.anyD 解析句意:玛丽把她一半的钱捐给了慈善机构,另一半用在教育上。此处指两者中的另一者,用the other。another用来指(三者以上的数量中)另一个;other指(三者以上的数量中)另一些,后跟复数名词;any other指(三者以上的数量中)其他任何一个。B解析句意:我们都很想看这些有趣的电影,尤其是你刚才提到的那一部。空格处代指“the movie”,故用the one。-1-10.The supermarket has been broken into three times in the last two years, resulting in their great loss.?
A.each B.every C.any D.either
11.The trains leave every 15 minutes;if you miss ,you don’t have to wait long for another.?
A.it B.this C.one D.some A 解析句意:在过去的两年里,这家超市被闯入过三次,每一次都给他们造成了巨大的损失。空格处填入代词。each指(两者或两者以上的数量中的)每一个;every不能做代词用,做形容词用,做定语;any指“任何一次”,常用于疑问句和否定句中;either 指“两者中的任何一者”,不符合题干中的“three times”,故选A项。 C解析句意:火车每15分钟一班,如果你错过一班,也不必花很长时间等下一班。空格处用one泛指“a train”。-1-12.—What do you do as a volunteer in Africa?
— ! There are many poor people there.They need a lot of help.?
A.None B.Something C.Little D.EverythingD 解析句意:——你在非洲,作为一名志愿者都做什么?——什么都做,那儿有许多穷人,他们需要很多帮助。根据答语中的第二句中可知此处用everything表示“一切”。13.It’s one thing to send a short message but to have the person receiving the message actually do something.?
A.another B.other C.the other D.othersA 解析句意:发短信是一回事,而让接收信息的人真正做点什么又是另一回事。another“又一个,另一个”,用在单数可数名词前,表示“三者或者三者以上中的另外一个”;other是形容词,意为“其他的,另外的”;the other表示两者中的另外一个;others“其他的,另外的”,往往和some连用,构成some ...others ...,意为“一些……另一些……”。-1-14.With the loss of her husband in the earthquake,the two children mean to the young mother.?
A.everything B.anything C.nothing D.somethingA 解析句意:地震中她失去了丈夫,对于这位年轻的母亲来说两个孩子就是她的一切。everything“全部,一切”,强调整体;anything“任何东西”,强调个体;nothing“什么也没有”,表示否定;something“某事,某物”。根据句意选A项。15. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifths;are
C.Two fifth;are D.Two fifths;isD 解析考查数词与主谓一致。句意:那个地区五分之二的陆地是绿树和草地。two fifths “五分之二”,分数或百分数做主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词保持一致,故正确答案为D项。-1-16.—I wonder if you have spotted my newly-bought magazine.
—I saw Jenny going away with ,but I am not certain whether it is exactly yours.?
A.it B.that
C.one D.some
17.We live in a world in which only the strongest can make to the top.?
A.one B.it
C.each D.that C 解析句意:——我想知道你是否看到了我新买的杂志。——我看到珍妮带走了一本,但我不确定那本就是你的。由于前文出现了magazine,这里填替代词one,代替a magazine。B解析句意:我们生活在一个只有最坚强的人才能到达顶峰的世界里。make it“成功;完成”,是习惯表达。-1-18.Years ago it was easy for me to come up with new ideas,but now I have .?
A.little B.no C.nothing D.noneD解析题干中的关键词是but,前面的意思是“几年前,我很容易想出新主意来”。but后面表示转折意义,意为“现在我什么主意都想不出来了”。故none是最佳答案。nothing意为“什么也没有”,不合题意。-1-19.I’d appreciate if you can turn the radio down for my baby is sleeping.?
A.it B.that
C.this D.you
20.—Is Michael a man with good manners?
—I don’t think so.As a matter of fact,he is but polite.?
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothingA 解析I’d appreciate it if ...是惯用句型,其中的it是虚词,无实际意义。B解析句意:——迈克尔是一个有礼貌的人吗?——我认为不是,事实上,他一点儿也不礼貌。根据句意可知,此处要用anything but短语,意为“根本不……”。课件26张PPT。专题五 动词和短语动词-1-考情概览
1.考查常见动词和短语动词的词义辨析。强调语言的情景化,把动词和短语动词的区别放在鲜活的语境中进行考查,突出在具体语境中进行意义选择的测试。
2.考查常见动词的搭配。特别是同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语之间的辨析,或者不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语之间的辨析。如get/give/break/stand/take/make/turn/come/hold/ bring/keep/leave/hand等一些高频动词与for/to/of/out/off/up/over/ about/down/on/in等介/副词搭配构成的短语的含义。
3.考查常见动词及其短语的新义,也就是我们所说的“熟词生义”;动词的一词多义也是考查的重点。要在具体的语境中灵活地使用。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词的语义差别、用法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选用合适的动词。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六【典例分析】 (2015·天津卷,11)If you have any doubts about your health,you’d better your doctor at once.?
A.convince B.consult C.avoid D.affect
答案为B项。句意:如果你对自己的健康状况还有所疑问的话,你最好立刻咨询你的医生。convince“使确信,使信服”;consult“请教,咨询”;avoid“避免”;affect“影响”。
(2016·浙江卷,8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than us.?
A.divide B.reject
C.control D.abandon
答案为A项。句意:当我们学会因差异而联合起来、而不是因差异而分裂的时候,我们会收获很多。divide“分开,隔开”,符合句意。reject“拒绝”;control“控制”;abandon“抛弃”。故选A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四常见动词的固定搭配
有些动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法,还有些动词后跟宾语补足语时,与不定式或某些介词有固定的搭配。要做好这类试题,关键是通过分析句子结构弄清题意,然后根据结构和句意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
【典例分析】 (2015·天津卷,14)See,your computer has broken down again!It doesn’t sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.?
A.have B.make C.display D.bring
答案为B项。句意:看,你的电脑又坏了!为了节省几美元去购买最便宜的牌子的电脑,这种做法不明智。make sense是固定短语,意为“明智,合情合理,有道理”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的副词或介词构成的。从历年的高考试题来看,那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用短语动词是命题的重点对象。要做好这类试题,一定要在理解语境的基础上,从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
【典例分析】 (2015·天津卷,10)Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.?
A.turn in B.turn down
C.turn over D.turn to
答案为B项。句意:上个周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会的邀请,因为他太忙了。turn in“上交;归还”;turn down“拒绝”;turn over“移交,交给”;turn to“转向;求助于”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成的。要做好这类试题,首先还是要弄清题意,然后选出符合题意和句子结构的短语动词。
【典例分析】 (2016·江苏卷,30)Many businesses started up by college students have thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.?
A.fallen off B.taken off
C.turned off D.left off
答案为B项。fall off“跌落;减少”;take off“起飞;突然成功”;turn off“关掉”;leave off“停止,中断”。句意:由于商业创新的环境适宜,很多由大学生创办的公司成功了。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四(2017·江苏卷,25)Working with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.?
A.held out B.brought out
C.picked out D.given out
答案为B项。句意:在非洲与医疗团队合作,突显了她作为一名医生最优秀的一面。hold out“伸出”;bring out“使显示”;pick out“挑选”;give out“分发”。故B项符合语境。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四不同动词构成的短语动词的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的短语动词。要做好这类试题,关键是根据题干的意思,选出符合题意的短语动词。
【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,5)Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter ,get married,and have kids.?
A.settle down B.keep off
C.get up D.cut in
答案为A项。句意:布朗夫妇想要看着他们的女儿安定下来,结婚生子。settle down“(在某地)定居下来,过安定的生活”;keep off“远离;避开”;get up“起床”;cut in“插嘴”。故选A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四(2016·天津卷,14)I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to a conversation with her.?
A.carry on B.break into
C.turn down D.cut off
答案为A项。句意:我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙,不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行;从事”;break into“破门而入,闯入”;turn down“拒绝;调低”;cut off“切断,使隔绝”。故选A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四“动词+副词/名词+介词”短语的辨析
要做好这类试题,弄清题意诚然重要,但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to。
【典例分析】 (2016·江苏卷,33)Parents should actively urge their children to the opportunity to join sports teams.?
A.gain admission to B.keep track of
C.take advantage of D.give rise to
答案为C项。gain admission to“获准进入”,keep track of “了解;与……保持联系”,take advantage of“利用”,give rise to“引起,导致,造成”。句意:“父母应该积极激励孩子们把握住加入运动队的机会”,故选C项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四Anyway,we’re here now,so let’s some serious work.?
A.come up with B.get down to
C.do away with D.live up to
答案为B项。考查短语动词辨析。句意:不管怎么说,现在我们在这儿了,让我们开始认真干点正事。come up with “提出”;get down to “开始认真地做某事”;do away with “废除,废止”;live up to “不辜负”。-1-1.(2017·江苏卷,30)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help your year ahead.?
A.shape B.switch
C.stretch D.sharpen
解析 句意:在年底快速回顾一下一年以来的成功和失败将有助于规划来年。shape“塑造”;switch“转换”;stretch“伸展”;sharpen“使锐利”。故选A项。
2.(2017·天津耀华中学二模,13)Don’t be by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.?
A.taken off B.taken out
C.taken away D.taken in
解析 句意:不要被那些承诺让你很快减轻体重的产品欺骗。take off“起飞;脱下;匆匆离开”;take out“取出;去掉;出发”;take away“带走;使离去”;take in“吸收;领会;欺骗”。根据句意选D项。AD -1-3.(2017·天津南开中学三模,5)More than two hundred years ago the United States from the British Empire and became an independent country.?
A.got off B.pulled down
C.broke away D.dropped off
解析 句意:两百多年前,美国脱离大英帝国的统治,成为一个独立的国家。break away“脱离”符合句意,故选C项。get off“下车;动身”;pull down“摧毁;推翻;拉下来”;drop off“让……下车;掉落”。C-1-4.(2017·天津河东区二模,7)Readers can quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.?
A.get over B.get in
C.get along D.get through
解析 句意:读者不需要知道每个词的意思就能顺利读懂。get over“克服;恢复”;get in“进入;渗入”;get along “与……和睦相处;进展”;get through“通过;到达;接通电话”。根据句意可知选C项。
5.(2017·天津第一中学第五次月考,10)The young man had floated in the river for nearly two hours before he was by the fisherman.?
A.put up B.made up
C.picked up D.brought up
解析 句意:渔民将这位年轻人捞起来之前,他已经在河里漂浮了接近两个小时。put up“建造;举起;提供住宿”;make up“组成;编造”; pick up“拾起;救起;偶然学会”;bring up“提出;抚养;呕吐”。故选C项。CC-1-6.(2016·浙江卷,14)When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that my interest.?
A.limited B.reserved C.reflected D.spoiled
7.(2016·江苏卷,25)He did not easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.?
A.approach B.wrestle
C.compromise D.communicateC 解析句意:当必须最后决定选择一门课程的时候,我决定申请能反映我兴趣的那门课。reflect“反映;反射”,与句意相符。limit“限制”;reserve “保留”;spoil“溺爱;毁坏”。故选C项。C 解析approach“接近,靠近”,wrestle“摔跤”,compromise“妥协”,communicate“沟通,交流”。由but前后分句的语意对比判断只有C项符合语境。句意:他不轻易妥协,但是为了有价值的事业,他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。-1-8.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to
to their greatest potential.?
A.accelerate B.improve
C.perform D.develop
9.The university started some new language programs to the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.?
A.apply to B.cater for
C.appeal to D.hunt forD 解析句意:学校应该是活跃的地方,在那里个体被鼓励发展到最大潜能。accelerate“加速”;improve“改善”;perform“执行,完成”;develop“发展”。根据句意应选D项。B解析句意:这所大学开办了一些新的语言项目来满足国家丝绸之路经济带的发展需要。apply to“适合,适应;向……申请”;cater for “满足需要,迎合”;appeal to “呼吁;吸引”;hunt for “搜寻”。B项符合句意。-1-10.The whole team Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.?
A.wait on B.focus on
C.count on D.call onC 解析句意:整个团队都很信任克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,他也很少让他们失望。wait on“伺候,服侍”;focus on“集中于,专注于”;count on“依赖,依靠,信任”;call on“号召”。C项符合句意。-1-11.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger upwards to _______
that someone was moving about upstairs.?
A.whisper B.signal
C.declare D.complain
12.There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.?
A.leaves out B.goes against
C.lies in D.makes upB 解析句意:为了不被人听见,她竖起手指示意楼上有人四处走动。whisper“低语,私语”;signal“示意,发信号”;declare“声明”;complain“抱怨”。根据句意可知选B项。C解析句意:毫无疑问,这位参赛选手的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。leave out“省去;遗漏”;go against“反对,违背”;lie in“因为,在于”;make up“组成;弥补;化妆”。根据句意可知选C项。-1-13.Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses will sooner or later.?
A.stand out B.break up
C.get out D.turn up
14.If you leave the club,you will not be back in.?
A.received B.admitted
C.turned D.movedD 解析句意:不用担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到。stand out“突出;显眼”;break up“分解;破裂”;get out“离开,出去”;turn up“调高;出现;找到”。根据句意可知选D项。B解析句意:如果你离开这家俱乐部,你就不许回来了。receive“接受”;admit“允许……进入;承认”;turn“转身;变得”;move“移动”。-1-15.The good thing about the children is that they very easily to new environments.?
A.adapt B.appeal
C.attach D.apply
16.It is reported that the police will soon the case of the two missing children.?
A.look upon B.look after
C.look into D.look outA 解析句意:孩子们一个好的方面是他们非常容易适应新的环境。adapt to“适应”;appeal to“吸引”;attach to“依附于”;apply to“应用于”。C解析句意:据报道,警方不久就会调查两个失踪儿童的案件了。look upon“看待”;look after“照看”;look into“调查”;look out“小心”。-1-17.If you are in trouble,don’t to ask Mike for help;he is always willing to lend a hand.?
A.dream B.appeal C.hesitate D.bend
18.—Could you do me a favor and type the report?
—Sorry.I’m too busy and don’t have any time to .?
A.save B.balance C.spare D.shareC 解析句意:如果你有麻烦,别犹豫,直接找迈克寻求帮助。他总是很乐意帮忙。dream“梦想”;appeal “呼吁”;hesitate “犹豫”;bend“俯身”。根据句意可知选C项。C 解析句意:——你可以帮我一下,把这份报告打印出来吗?——对不起,我太忙了,抽不出时间。save“节省”;balance“平衡”;spare“抽出,分出”;share“共享”。-1-19.He was for the job vacancy because he couldn’t be on time even for the interview.?
A.objected B.discouraged
C.opposed D.rejectedD 解析句意:他被拒绝来补上这一职位空缺,因为他连面试都不能按时到达。object“反对”;discourage“使……泄气”;oppose“反对”;reject“拒绝”。-1-20.Officials stated that a large number of flights had to be ________ because of the bad weather.?
A.cut off B.broken off
C.set off D.put off
21.There are many inconveniences that have to be when you are camping.?
A.put up with B.come up with
C.kept up with D.caught up withD 解析句意:官方声明,由于天气不好,大量的航班必须推迟。
cut off“切断”;break off“突然中断”,没有被动语态;set off“出发”;
put off“推迟”。A解析句意:当你野营时,有许多不方便你必须忍受。put up with“忍受”;come up with“提出;想出”;keep up with “保持同步”;catch up with“赶上”。-1-22.A new advertisement for slimming tea has been designed to
those who want to lose weight.?
A.target B.blame
C.promote D.comfort
23.Modern plastics can very high and very low temperatures.?
A.stand B.keep C.hold D.remainA 解析句意:一则新的减肥茶广告已经被设计出来了,它针对的是那些想减肥的人。target “把……作为目标”;blame“责备,归咎于”;promote “促进,提升”;comfort“安慰,使(痛苦等)缓和”。根据句意选A项。A 解析句意:现代塑料能耐高温也能耐低温。stand“忍耐,忍受”;keep“保持,维持”;hold“握着;容纳”;remain“仍然是,保持”,根据句意选A项。-1-24.The insurance company has sent us an email saying their policy has been specially to our needs.?
A.related B.attached
C.tailored D.accustomedC 解析句意:保险公司发给我们的邮件说,为了满足我们的需要,他们的保单是特别制定的。relate “相关,有联系”;attach“系上;附加”;tailor“专门制作,定做”;accustom“使习惯于”。根据句意选C项。25.The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to
them in the planning and preparing.?
A.involve B.devote C.equip D.prepareA 解析句意:鼓励孩子享受三餐的最好方法就是让他们参与计划和准备三餐的过程。involve “参与”;devote“献身”;equip“装备”; prepare“准备”。故选A项。课件51张PPT。专题八 非谓语动词-1-考情概览
1.考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别,要求明确句子的结构和意义,掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。
2.考查不定式的一般式做定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法,也考查不定式的被动式和完成式。四个选项通常是不同的非谓语动词形式,考查考生对句中动词的先后关系以及动词和相应名词的逻辑关系的分析能力。
3.考查动词-ing形式的一般式做主语、状语、定语、补语等的用法,也考查其否定式和完成式。题干设置简单,考查动词-ing形式的基本用法。
4.考查过去分词做定语、状语和补语的用法。把过去分词和动词-ing形式的被动式放在一起考查。题干长短不一,信息明确,考查考生对不同的非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。动词之间的时间关系以及动词和相关名词之间的逻辑关系是考查的重点。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七谓语与非谓语形式的识别
试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现,考查考生是否能分清句子成分,理解句子结构,明白句子意义,正确判断,识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。
【典例分析】 (2016·天津卷,4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, air conditioning unnecessary.?
A.making B.to make
C.made D.being made
答案为A项。句意:凉爽的风通过卧室的窗子吹进来,使得吹空调变得没有必要。本句中的“凉爽的风通过卧室的窗子吹进来”与“使得吹空调变得没有必要”存在因果关系,故用动词-ing 短语做结果状语,表示一种自然而然的结果。而动词不定式做结果状语时,表示出乎意料的结果,故排除B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七 the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.?
A.Catching B.Caught
C.To catch D.Catch
答案为C项。句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预订了一辆出租车并且早早起床。根据句意可知,此处用动词不定式做目的状语。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四非谓语形式做主语
非谓语形式做主语时,形式主语it常用来代替不定式短语做主语。如:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中,it代替动词-ing短语做主语。如:
It’s no use arguing with them.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四【典例分析】 the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.?
A.Ignore B.Ignoring
C.Ignored D.Having ignored
答案为B项。分析句子结构可知,will be是本句的谓语,因此“ the difference between the two research findings”是主语,四个选项中,只有B项可以做主语。句意:忽视两个研究发现之间的区别是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四非谓语形式做宾语
1.部分(短语)动词后面只能接不定式做宾语。
常见的有:agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage
/offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/wish/would like (love)等。如:
He agreed to lend me his bike.
He refused to say sorry to me.
2.部分(短语)动词后面只能接动词-ing做宾语。
常见的有:avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/admit/ finish/imagine/mind/miss/practise/suggest/keep (on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be (get) used to/addict oneself to/be busy/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer ...to ...等。如:
He admitted taking my money.
Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四3.部分(短语)动词后接不定式和动词-ing形式时,含义不同,应注意区分。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四如:
After her early teaching career she went on to become a doctor.
He went on telling us the story after a short rest.
(8)want/need/require to be done=want/need/require doing sth.(某事)需要被做。want/need/require to do sth.(某人)需要做某事。如:
This plant needs to be watered once a week.
The road needs rebuilding.
I want to join the army.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四(9)advise/allow/permit doing sth.建议/允许做某事,advise/allow/ permit sb.to do sth.建议/允许某人做某事。如:
I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.
He often advises people to use their brains.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四【典例分析】 When it comes to in public,no one can match him.?
A.speak B.speaking
C.being spoken D.be spoken
答案为B项。考查非谓语动词。句意:当谈到在公共场合演讲时,没有人能比得上他。when it comes to ... “当谈到……”,其中to为介词,其后接名词或动词-ing形式。
It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like for a swim??
A.to go B.going
C.go D.having gone
答案为B项。考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”,其中like为介词,后面用动词-ing形式。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四非谓语形式做定语
各类非谓语形式做定语的不同点。
1.时间关系不同:不定式做定语通常表示一个未发生的动作;动词-ing形式做定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态;过去分词做定语多表示已完成的动作,或没有一定的时间性(只表示被动关系)。如:
I have a lot of work to do.
The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.
This is a play written by Shakespeare.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四2.逻辑关系不同:不定式做定语时所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语,也可能是它的逻辑宾语;动词-ing形式做定语时所修饰的词一定是它的逻辑主语;过去分词做定语时所修饰的词一般是它的逻辑宾语。如:
He is the first to get here.
He is the man to depend on.
He is the very person looking for you.
I want the letter posted.
3.不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,不要遗漏必要的介词。如:
He found a good house to live in.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四【典例分析】 (2016·浙江卷,10)To return to the problem of water pollution,I’d like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.?
A.having conducted B.to be conducted
C.conducting D.conducted
答案为D项。该句中study与动词conduct 是被动关系,且根据后面的时间状语in 2012可知,该研究已经完成,故用过去分词做后置定语。如果用to be conducted,虽然也表示被动,但不定式表示动作尚未发生;having conducted是动词-ing形式的完成式,表示主动关系。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四特别提醒
解答非谓语形式做定语的题目,可以从三方面着手。
(1)理解句子结构,不要被假象所迷惑,确定所选的答案是用来修饰名词或代词的。
(2)分析非谓语动词发生的时间。表示将来通常用不定式形式;表示进行通常用动词-ing形式;表示完成通常用过去分词形式。
(3)分析非谓语动词与所修饰的名词或代词的逻辑关系。主动关系通常用动词-ing形式;被动关系通常用过去分词形式。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四非谓语形式做状语
1.不定式做状语:
(1)表示目的,直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如:
Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly.
(2)表示结果,更常见于so ...as to,such ...as to,enough to,too ...to结构中,only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的结果。如:
I visited him only to find him out.
(3)表示原因,用在做表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面,说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。如:
They were very sad to hear the news.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四2.动词-ing形式做状语:
动词-ing形式做状语表示的必须是主语的一个动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
动词-ing形式可以做状语,表时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况。表原因时,通常放在句首;表结果时,通常放在句子后面,表示自然而然的结果。如:
Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.
He fired his gun,killing the wolf.
All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四3.过去分词做状语:
过去分词的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。
过去分词可以做状语,表时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况。如:
Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.
Given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,14)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, more patients to be treated.?
A.being allowed B.allowing
C.having allowed D.allowed
答案为B项。句意:医院最近购买了新的医疗设备,这使得更多的患者能得到医治。前面的句子和allow之间构成主动关系,故用动词-ing做结果状语。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四(2016·浙江卷,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.?
A.working B.work C.to work D.worked
答案为A项。该句中一个关键的搭配是have fun doing“做某事很快乐”,as后面的部分完整形式应为I now have fun working with students,为了避免重复,使用代动词do代替have fun。故选A项。
(2016·北京卷,26) it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.?
A.Made B.Make
C.Making D.To make
答案为D项。句意:想要更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张卡片带在身边。由句意可知,设空处为动词不定式做目的状语。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四特别提醒
非谓语形式做状语时,应注意以下三点:
(1)不定式通常做目的状语。
(2)动词-ing形式做状语时,与句子主语是主动关系。
(3)过去分词做状语时,与句子主语是被动关系。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四非谓语形式做补语和表语
1.advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式做补语。如:
Tell the children not to play on the street.
The police warned us not to go out at night.
2.make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式做补语,但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如:
They make the students do too much homework every day.
The students are made to do too much homework every day.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四3.感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式、动词-ing形式或过去分词做补语。
从时间上看,不定式表示发生或完成;动词-ing形式强调正在进行;过去分词表示完成。
从逻辑关系上看,不定式和动词-ing形式与宾语之间存在着主谓关系;过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如:
I saw him cross the street.
I saw him crossing the street.
I saw him surrounded by a group of students.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四4.介词with和without后面可接复合宾语。不定式做补语常表示将来;动词-ing形式做补语常表示宾语与补语是主动关系或正在进行;过去分词做补语常表示宾语与补语是被动关系或已经完成。如:
I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash.
I can’t do my homework with all the noise going on.
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
5.动词不定式、动词-ing形式及过去分词均可用做表语。如:
Jack’s wish is to persuade his brother to change his mind.
The reason he gave was very convincing.
I am convinced of his honesty.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四【典例分析】 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.?
A.taking B.taken
C.take D.be taken
答案为B项。分析句子可知,空白处缺的是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”中的宾语补足语。因为宾语his mother和短语动词take care of之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾语补足语,表示被动含义。所以B项正确。be taken虽然表示被动关系,但它可用于情态动词或助动词后成为谓语动词的一部分,不能做宾语补足语。句意:结束两年的非洲医疗服务回到家,李医生很高兴看到母亲在家得到很好的照料。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it live is quite another.?
A.perform B.performing
C.to perform D.being performed
答案为D项。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,听现场演奏的音乐又是另外一回事。hear后面的代词it指代上文出现的music,music与perform之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,所以用被动形式做宾语补足语。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.?
A.to follow B.following
C.followed D.follows
答案为B项。句意:这对老夫妇经常晚饭后去公园散步,后面跟着他们的宠物狗。此处是with复合结构,可排除D项;由于宾语pet dog与follow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,可排除C项;不定式一般表示将来,可排除A项;答案为B项,动词-ing形式做补语。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。如:
He pretended not to see me.
I regret not following his advice.
Not having tried his best,he failed in the exam.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式动作正在进行,不定式要用进行式。如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时,不定式要用完成式。如:
I happened to have seen the film.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。如:
The patient asked to be operated on at once.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四3.动词-ing形式的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。如:
We remembered having seen the film.
He came to the party without being invited.
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
当动词-ing形式的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时,动词-ing形式要用完成式。如:
Having done his homework,he played basketball.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时,动词-ing形式要用被动式。如:
The problem being discussed is very important.
Having been told many times,the naughty boy still made the same mistake.
动词-ing形式的完成被动式和过去分词都表示被动和完成,两种形式做状语时常可互换,但做定语时只能用过去分词形式,不能用动词-ing形式的完成被动式。
The island,joined to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四【典例分析】 (2015·天津卷,8) for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.?
A.To work B.Worked
C.To be working D.Having worked
答案为D项。句意:已经工作两天了,史蒂夫总算设法按时完成了他的报告。主语Steve和work之间是主动关系,而且work发生在managed之前,所以用动词-ing形式的完成式。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without .?
A.recognizing B.being recognized
C.having recognized D.having been recognized
答案为B项。考查非谓语动词。句意:这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此他购物的时候可以不被别人认出来。空格处为介词without的宾语,故要用动词-ing形式,且表示被动关系,因此B项正确。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四 which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.?
A.Not knowing B.Knowing not
C.Not known D.Known not
答案为A项。考查非谓语动词。句意:由于不知道上哪一所大学,这个女孩向她的老师征求建议。非谓语动词的否定式,应把not置于非谓语动词的前面,故排除B项和D项;由于know与主句的主语the girl之间存在主动关系,故选A项。-1-1.(2017·北京卷,27)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time.?
A.save B.saving
C.to save D.saved
解析 句意:为了节省乘客宝贵的时间,很多航空公司现在允许乘客在网上打印登机牌。动词不定式表示目的。
2.(2017·江苏卷,21)Many Chinese brands, their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.?
A.having developed B.being developed
C.developed D.developing
解析 句意:许多中国品牌已经建立了几个世纪的声誉,现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。主语brands和develop之间是主动关系,而且develop发生在are facing之前,所以用动词-ing的完成式。故选A项。CA-1-3.(2017·北京卷,30)The national park has a large collection of wildlife,
from butterflies to elephants.?
A.ranging B.range
C.to range D.ranged
解析 句意:这座国家公园里有很多野生动物,范围从蝴蝶到大象。句子的主语“The national park”与“range”是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式做定语。
4.(2017·北京卷,32)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time with his students.?
A.to spend B.spend
C.spending D.spent
解析 句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得与他的学生们一起度过的欢乐时光。the happy time与spend之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式做后置定语。AD -1-5.(2017·天津和平区二模,5) for many years,the novelist suddenly became famous.?
A.Having ignored
B.Having been ignored
C.Ignoring
D.To be ignored
解析 句意:被忽视了多年以后,这位小说家突然名声大噪。ignore与主语the novelist之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态,排除A、C两项。主句谓语为一般过去时,从句应用ignore的完成时,排除D项。动词-ing形式做状语,故选B项。B-1-6.(2016·北京卷,28) over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.?
A.Ordering B.To order
C.Having ordered D.Ordered
7.(2016·北京卷,32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,
the old town into a dreamland.?
A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.turnedD 解析句意:这些书是一星期以前订购的,现在随时都可能到达。分析句子结构可知,非谓语动词在句中做状语,主语the books 与 order之间是逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成,故选D项。B解析句意:新建成的木房沿街而立,把旧城变成了梦想之地。分析句子结构可知,空处在句子中做结果状语,新建成的木房沿街而立与turn之间是主动关系,故选turning。-1-8.If for the job,you’ll be informed soon.?
A.to accept B.accept C.accepting D.accepted
9.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.?
A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thankedD 解析句意:如果你被录用做这份工作,你很快就会接到通知。主语you与动词accept之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。A解析go on to do 和go on doing都可以指“继续干某事”,但go on doing表示“接着继续做同一件事”; go on to do表示“接着做另一件事”。分析句子可知,Anne Benedict 先receive the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,然后thank all the people,这是两件不同的事。故选A项。句意:获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,安妮·本尼迪克特接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。-1-10.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way the sun and the stars.?
A.used B.having used C.using D.use
11.In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared,
the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.?
A.combine B.combined
C.combining D.being combinedC 解析句意:和古代的水手一样,鸟类能通过太阳和星星找到它们的路。分析句子结构可知,所填部分在句中做状语,且use与主语birds之间为主谓关系,故选C项。C 解析句意:最近几年,一个英语单词“infosphere”出现了,它结合了“information”和“atmosphere”两个词的意义。分析句子结构可知,此处用动词-ing形式短语做后置定语,修饰infosphere。-1-12.Much time sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.?
A.being spent B.having spent
C.spent D.spendingC 解析句意:大部分时间都坐在桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知,前后两部分之间无连词,因此“Much time sitting at a desk”不是句子而是独立主格结构;spend与time之间是动宾关系,可以排除B、D两项;本题描述的是一种客观事实和普遍现象,因此用一般现在时而不是进行时态。所以选C项。?-1-13.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.?
A.amaze B.amazing
C.amazed D.to amazeC 解析句中的watching ...为动词-ing形式短语做伴随状语,而空白处需要的也是状语,表示小汤姆坐着看猴子跳舞时的状态,因为强调人的自身感受,故用amazed做方式状语,意为“惊讶的,惊奇的”。amazing表示给别人造成的感受,意为“令人惊奇的”,不合句意。句意:小汤姆惊奇地坐着,看他面前的猴子跳舞。-1-14.With the world changing fast,we have something new with all by ourselves every day.?
A.deal B.dealt
C.to deal D.dealing
15.She stormed into the boss’ office about her co-worker’s behavior.?
A.complaining B.complained
C.having complained D.to complainC 解析句意:随着世界的迅速变化,每天我们都会有一些新的事情要独自解决。空格处做定语修饰something new。deal with“处理”,用动词不定式做定语,表示动作尚未发生。D解析句意:她非常气愤地走进老板的办公室,抱怨她同事的行为。空格处用to complain表示stormed into...的目的,故用动词不定式。-1-16.With so many friends me,I had no difficulty finishing the work on time.?
A.to help B.helped
C.helping D.have helped
17.Several people deserve for their assistance in providing information for this report.?
A.being mentioned B.mentioning
C.mentioned D.to mentionC 解析句意:有那么多朋友帮助我,我不费劲就按时完成了工作。这是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”句式。动词help与宾语friends之间是主动关系,且表示当时正在进行,故用动词-ing形式。B解析句意:有几个人因为他们为这次报道提供了帮助信息而值得提一下。deserve是及物动词,意为“应受;值得”,后面常跟动词-ing形式表示被动意义。-1-18.(2016·天津高考“名师圈题”模拟一,5)How pleasant the picture is to !?
A.be looked B.for looking at
C.looking at D.look atD解析句意:这幅画看起来是多么的令人愉快!pleasant是形容词,做is的表语,后面的动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。19.Henry can’t attend the party at Tom’s house at present because he has to prepare for his trip to New York tomorrow.?
A.being held B.hold C.to hold D.to be heldA 解析句意:亨利不能够参加现在正在汤姆家中举行的宴会,因为他必须为明天的纽约之行做准备。“ at Tom’s house at present”是定语修饰party,hold“举行”,与the party之间是被动关系,排除B项和C项。此处表示正在进行的事,故选A项。?-1-20.His heart swelled with pride as he stood there, his son graduate.?
A.watching B.being watched
C.to watch D.watchedA 解析句意:当他站在那儿看到他的儿子毕业时,心中充满了自豪。分析句子结构可知,he和watch之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式短语做伴随状语。故选A项。-1-21. by the nurses,he was slowly recovering and could now swallow some solid food.?
A.Having been attended B.Having attended
C.Being attended D.To be attended
22.They thought the proposals forward at the meeting were of little significance.?
A.putting B.put C.to put D.having putA 解析句意:在护士的照料下,他正在慢慢地恢复,现在能吞咽一些固体食物了。分析句子结构可知,attend与句子主语he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,而“was slowly recovering”表明照顾是从过去开始并一直延续到现在的动作,应该用动词-ing形式的完成被动式。故选A项。B解析句意:他们认为会议上提出的那些建议意义不大。那些建议是在会议上被提出来的,故用过去分词做后置定语。-1-23.This drug is less likely to cause side effects when late in the day.?
A.taking B.taken C.to take D.takesB 解析句意:当在一天中的晚些时候服用时,这种药不太容易产生副作用。分析句子结构可知,此处是状语从句的省略形式,完整形式为:when it is taken late in the day。24. the sun for a long time is the cause of the crack of the old tire.?
A.Being exposed to B.To expose to
C.Exposing to D.Exposed toA 解析句意:被长时间暴露在阳光下是这个旧车胎开裂的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中做主语,且expose与其逻辑主语the old tire之间是被动关系。故选A项。-1-25.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads,two paths
ahead of me.?
A.lain B.lying
C.to lie D.lieB解析空格处是补语,表示名词two paths的状态,lie表示“存在”,与two paths是主动关系,而且表示当时的状态,故用动词-ing形式lying。课件44张PPT。专题六 动词的时态和语态-1-考情概览
从近几年的高考试题看,涉及时态和语态的题目最多,且每年此类题目数量相对稳定。测试重点主要有以下几个方面:
1.注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别,如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系,正确理解时间概念,如判断是现在、过去还是将来,是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。
2.遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则,考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求深入语境,摸清命题人的意图,善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息,克服汉语式的惯性思维。-1-3.把时态和语态结合在一起,进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态,仍是高考命题的热点之一,而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽,试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系,分清是主动还是被动。
4.考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高,且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八现在进行时和过去进行时的区别
1.现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作,也可表示长期或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行;过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或状态,也可表示一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。如:
We are waiting for you.
When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.
2.进行时态表示即将发生的将来,尤其针对动词come,go,start,meet,win,begin等。如:
Sandy is coming to see me.
3.进行时常与always/constantly/continually/frequently等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有主观色彩。如:
You are always changing your mind.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四4.下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词:如know,realize,think,see,
believe,trust,suppose,imagine,guess,agree,recognize,remember,want,
need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,like,love,hate,care,mind,wish等。
(2)表示存在、状态的动词:如have,own,appear,belong,possess,
cost,exist,lie,include,contain,remain,seem等。
(3)表示瞬时性动作的动词:如accept,receive,complete,finish,
give,allow,permit,decide,promise,admit,refuse 等。
(4)表示感官的动词:如see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 He must have sensed that I him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”?
A.would look at B.looked at
C.was looking at D.am looking at
答案为C项。考查动词的时态。句意:他肯定已经意识到我正在看着他。他突然看了我一眼,悄悄地说:“你为什么那样盯着我?”。根据后句可知是“正在看着”,所以应用过去进行时。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四—Hi,let’s go skating.
—Sorry,I’m busy right now.I in an application form for a new job.?
A.fill B.have filled
C.am filling D.will fill
答案为C项。考查动词的时态。句意:——嗨!让我们去滑冰吧!——很抱歉,我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表格。此处表示正在进行的动作,故用现在进行时。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he until yesterday.?
A.will come B.was coming
C.had come D.came
答案为B项。考查动词的时态。句意:詹姆斯刚到,但我直到昨天才知道他要来。根据语境可知,此处用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
1.当有表示具体的过去时间的状语(包括when)时,主句用一般过去时。如:
When I was a child,I often played football in the street.
2.当有表示一段时间的状语,如for和since时,主句用现在完成时,强调到现在为止所做的事情或过去所做之事对现在造成的影响。如:
They have worked here since they left college.
3.延续性动词的一般过去时也可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,强调过去一段时间里曾做过某事。如:
He learned English for three years.(只是强调过去学过)
He has learned English for three years.(到现在为止是3年,强调对现在造成的影响)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四4.用already/yet/just/ever/never这些副词做状语时,常用现在完成时。如:
Have you finished your homework yet?
5.若单纯谈论过去的动作,用一般过去时;若谈论一件已发生的事情,不考虑它是什么时候发生的,而主要考虑对现在造成的影响时用现在完成时。如:
I saw the film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen the film.(强调对现在造成的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2017·北京卷,24)— that company to see how they think of our product yesterday??
—Yes.They are happy with it.
A.Did you call B.Have you called
C.Will you call D.Were you calling
答案为A项。句意:——你昨天给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品的想法了吗?——打过了。他们很满意。根据时间状语yesterday可知,此处应用一般过去时态。
(2015·天津卷,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement so far by the two sides.?
A.has been reached B.was reached
C.will reach D.will have reached
答案为A项。句意:尽管之前有好几轮的会谈,但是迄今为止双方仍然没有达成协议。根据时间状语so far可知,此处用现在完成时。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四一般过去时和过去完成时的区别
1.一般过去时通常与具体的过去时间状语连用,即使没有时间状语,根据具体的语言环境,我们也可以做出明确的判断。
2.一般过去时是相对于现在说话的时刻而言的,过去完成时则是相对于过去某一时刻而言的,即“过去的过去”。如:
When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2016·天津卷,3)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I for years.?
A.didn’t see B.haven’t seen
C.hadn’t seen D.wouldn’t see
答案为C项。句意:在街上散步时,我偶遇了多年未曾见过的大卫。“came across”用的一般过去时,而“我多年未见到他”应发生在came across之前,即过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
(2016·浙江卷,9)Silk one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.?
A.had become B.was becoming
C.has become D.is becoming
答案为A项。根据时间状语by about 100 BC可知,应该用过去完成时,表示到过去某个时间为止已经发生或已经完成的动作与状态。故选A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1.现在完成时侧重结果,强调动作到现在为止已经结束;现在完成进行时侧重动作本身,不涉及后果,动作可能仍在继续。如:
I have read the book.(已读完)
I have been reading the book.(仍在继续)
2.现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复;现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:
Have you been meeting her lately?(经常相见)
Have you met her lately?(不重复发生)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四3.现在完成进行时常含有明显的感彩;而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果,平铺直叙。如:
Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(显然是在表扬玛丽)
Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只说明一个事实)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2016·北京卷,23)—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars.We here for more than two hours.?
A.waited B.wait
C.would be waiting D.have been waiting
答案为D项。句意:——打扰了,你们正在等哪部电影?——新上映的《星球大战》。我们已经在这等了两个多小时了。根据语境可知,说话者在两个多小时里一直在等着看新电影且还没有等到,故用现在完成进行时。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四时态的代替
1.在时间、条件和有些让步状语从句中不能使用将来时,需表示将来时则用现在时代替。如:
I don’t know when he will come back,but when he comes back I will let you know.
2.有些动词或短语动词的进行时可表示不久的将来,常见的有go/come/leave/start/arrive/stay/take off等。如:
I’m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
3.某些动词或短语动词的一般现在时也可表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事,常见的有begin/come/go/leave/arrive/start/stop/return/ open/close/take off等。如:
The train leaves at 10:12.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 Whenever you a present,you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.?
A.bought B.have bought
C.will buy D.buy
答案为D项。考查时态。句意:无论何时,你买礼物的话,都应该从接受者的角度来考虑它。根据句意可知,此处指通常的情况,所以用一般现在时。
You’d better write down her phone number before you it.?
A.forget B.are forgetting
C.forgot D.will forget
答案为A项。考查动词时态。句意:趁着还没忘,你最好把她的电话号码记下来。此处是before引导的时间状语从句,用一般现在时表将来。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 off at 18:20.?
A.takes B.took
C.will be taken D.has taken
答案为A项。飞机起飞时间一般是固定的,每次都是一个时间,所以要用一般现在时,表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四各种时态的被动语态
被动语态的基本构成为“be+过去分词”,各种时态的被动语态通过变化助动词be的形式来体现。如:
A new freeway from Beijing to Shanghai is being built now.
The graduates from the university have been sent to work all over the country.
The wounded soldier was being operated on by Doctor Wang this time yesterday.
Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time.
Professor Wang will be asked to attend the meeting.
They asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 (2016·北京卷,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts with success in the end.?
A.rewarded B.were rewarded
C.will reward D.will be rewarded
答案为D项。句意:这些学生一直在努力地学习,他们的努力最终会获得成功的。根据have been working hard可知,努力学习的动作会继续下去,因此“回报以成功”是发生在将来的动作,故用一般将来时,且efforts与reward 两者之间为被动关系,用被动语态。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四(2017·江苏卷,27)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he .?
A.was being followed B.was following
C.had been followed D.followed
答案为A项。句意:他匆忙赶回家,从来没有回头看一眼他是否正在被跟踪。由句意可知,此处为过去进行时的被动语态。故选A项。
More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.?
A.are being built B.will be built
C.have been built D.had been built
答案为B项。根据时间状语soon可以判断,句子用将来时,高速公路和建造之间是动宾关系,所以用被动形式,故选B项。句意:为了促进当地经济,四川不久将建造更多的高速公路。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四不用被动语态的情况
一般情况下,只有及物动词或带宾语的短语动词才有被动语态。应注意下列情况不存在被动语态。
1.系动词become/turn/get/look/sound/smell/taste/feel等没有被动语态。如:
My son has become a young fellow.
This kind of cloth feels soft.
2.表示状态的及物动词have(有)/possess(拥有)/hold(容纳)/suit(适合)/fit(适合)/equal(等于)/contain(包含)/cost(花费)/last(持续)/mean(意味着)/belong to(属于)/consist of(由……组成)等没有被动语态。如:
They have a new color TV set.
The big hall holds 5,000 people.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四3.happen,take place,occur to,break out,come about等表示“发生,爆发”的动词或短语动词没有被动语态。
【典例分析】 Food supplies in the flood-stricken area .We must act immediately before there’s none left.?
A.have run out B.are running out
C.have been run out D.are being run out
答案为B项。考查时态和语态。run out “(被)用完,耗尽”,没有被动语态,故排除C、D两项;由后句中的 “before there’s none left”可知,现在粮食还有,并没有耗尽,故排除A项;running out用进行时表示将来。句意:洪灾区的食物供给快要没有了,我们必须赶在食物耗尽之前立即行动起来。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四主动形式表示被动意义
1.动词如act,build,burn,clean,cook,cut,drink,drive,dry,eat,fill,keep,lock,open,print,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等以物做主语,不表示动作而表示主语的品质、性状、特征时,需用主动形式表示被动意义。其肯定式一般需后接状语做进一步的说明,其否定式一般用won’t,wouldn’t,can’t 等。如:
This knife cuts well.
2.动词want/need/require/worth以物做主语时,后面需用动词-ing形式的主动式表示被动意义。如:
My watch needs repairing.
The song is well worth listening to.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四3.形容词easy,hard,difficult,important,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,cheap,expensive,impossible,dangerous 等后接不定式做状语时,不定式可用主动形式表示被动含义。如:
English is not easy to learn.
The chair is very comfortable to sit on.
4.不定式做定语,若与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,可用主动形式表示被动含义。如:
I have a lot of things to do.
当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作承受者时,不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。
There is nothing to do.(表示无事可做,无聊)
There is nothing to be done.(表示不能做什么了,束手无策)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四【典例分析】 The roast duck which Mr.and Mrs.White prepared well.?
A.sold B.had been sold
C.was sold D.would sell
答案为A项。该题中sell表示“卖得……”,一般不用被动语态,再根据prepared的时态判断答案为A项。-1-1.(2017·天津卷,8)I down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.?
A.was driving B.have driven
C.would drive D.drove
解析 句意:当驱车前往伦敦的时候,我突然意识到自己走错了路。本题考查了句式be doing...when...,意为“正在……,这时……”。故选A项。
2.(2017·北京卷,33)People better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.?
A.will have B.have
C.had D.had had
解析 句意:与过去相比,人们能更好地享受医疗保健,因此,他们也更长寿了。根据“than they used to”以及后半句所用的现在进行时态可知,此处描述的是现在的情况,所以应用一般现在时态。AB-1-3.(2017·北京卷,29)In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones yet.?
A.haven’t invented
B.haven’t been invented
C.hadn’t invented
D.hadn’t been invented
解析 句意:在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭的家中只有一部电话,无线电话(当时)还没有被发明出来。wireless phones和invent之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故排除A、C两项;根据时间状语“In the 1950s”和“yet”可知,此处表示“过去的过去”,所以应用过去完成时态,故选D项。D-1-4.(2017·江苏卷,24)The publication of Great Expectations,which
both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.?
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
解析 句意:《远大前程》的出版,得到了广泛的评价和高度的赞扬,巩固了狄更斯作为杰出小说家的地位。主语是The publication,故谓语动词用单数形式,which代替先行词Great Expectations,引导定语从句。分析整个句子的时态可知,用一般过去时,故选C项。C-1-5.(2017·天津耀华中学二模,2)He,along with his brothers, how serious the situation is.?
A.haven’t realized B.hasn’t realized
C.don’t realize D.didn’t realize
解析 句意:他和他的兄弟们还没有意识到事情的严重性。由句意可知,此处应用现在完成时态表示所发生的事情对现在造成的影响。当“A along with B”结构出现在句首时,谓语动词的形式应该与A保持一致。故选B项。B-1-6.(2017·天津南开中学5月模拟,1)By the time you arrive in London, we in Europe for two weeks.?
A.shall stay B.have stayed
C.will have stayed D.have been staying
解析 句意:你到达伦敦的时候,我们将已经在欧洲待了两周了。根据句意可知,此处应用将来完成时,表示到将来的某个时刻预计会完成的动作。故选C项。C-1-7.(2017·天津河东区二模,1)It’s very hard to describe how it
to really be in love.?
A.is felt B.feels
C.feeling D.is feeling
解析 句意:很难描述真正恋爱中的感觉是什么样的。由句意可知此处描述一般的情况,故用一般现在时,排除D项。在how引导的宾语从句中,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构,空处缺少谓语,故排除C项。此处feel是系动词,无被动语态,故排除A项。因此B项正确。B-1-8.(2017·天津第一中学第四次月考,6)—Are we about to have dinner?
—Yes,it in the dining room.?
A.serves B.is serving
C.is being served D.has been serving
解析 句意:——我们就要吃晚饭了吗?——是的,餐厅正在供应晚餐。it指代dinner,空格处表示晚餐正在被供应,应用现在进行时的被动语态,故选C项。
9.(2017·天津河东区一模,3)—How are you today?
—Oh,I as ill as I do now for a very long time.?
A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feeling
C.don’t feel D.haven’t felt
解析 句意:——你今天怎么样?——哦,我很长时间没有像现在一样病过了。根据句意及for a long time可以判断此处应用现在完成时。for后接一段时间用现在完成时。故选D项。CD-1-10.(2017·天津耀华中学统练二,15)—Could you meet me at the airport?
—I’d like to,but I’m afraid I a very important meeting when you return.?
A.am attending B.was attending
C.will be attending D.will have attended
解析 句意:——你能去机场接我吗?——我很乐意去,但是恐怕当你回来的时候我正在参加一个非常重要的会议。由句意可知此处应该用将来进行时,表示在将来的某一时间正在进行的动作。故选B项。B-1-11.(2016·北京卷,21)Jack in the lab when the power cut occurred.?
A.works B.has worked
C.was working D.would work
12.(2016·北京卷,25)I half of the English novel,and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.?
A.read B.have read
C.am reading D.will readC 解析句意:停电时,杰克正在实验室工作。由语境可知,此处描述的是过去停电的瞬间,杰克正在进行的动作,故用过去进行时。B解析句意:这本英文小说我已经读完一半了,周末我会尽力把它读完。现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。根据语境可知,此处强调“读”的结果,故用现在完成时。-1-13.(2016·江苏卷,22)More efforts,as reported, in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.?
A.are made B.will be made
C.are being made D.have been made
14.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I him later.?
A.will call B.have called
C.call D.will be callingB 解析根据时间状语in the years ahead可判断应用将来时态,又efforts 和made之间是被动关系,故选B项。句意:正如报道所说,在今后几年内,将做出更多的努力,以促进供给侧结构性改革。A解析句意:——杰克逊医生现在不在他的办公室里。——好吧。我晚点给他打电话。根据语境可知,“打电话”是将来发生的事情,所以用一般将来时。-1-15.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.?
A.has been B.had been C.was going to be D.wasC解析句意:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦出生于1879年。他小的时候,几乎没有人猜想到他将会成为著名的科学家,他的理论将会改变世界。根据时间状语as a child可知,此处用过去将来时。-1-16.To my delight,I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.?
A.was chosen B.was being chosen
C.would choose D.had chosenA 解析句意:令我高兴的是,我从数百名候选人中被选中参加开幕式。根据句意可知,主语I和choose之间存在被动关系,所以用被动语态,排除C项和D项;根据句首的to my delight可知,此处表示过去的事实,所以用一般过去时。-1-17.—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.?
A.wrote B.had written
C.has been writing D.is writingC解析句意:——彼得在哪里?我到处找不到他。——早饭后他去图书馆了,之后一直在那里写论文。根据时间状语ever since可知,此处用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在,接下来可能继续进行。-1-18.The real reason why prices ,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.?
A.were B.will be C.have been D.had been
19.Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I my book in the cafe.?
A.have left B.had left
C.would leave D.was leavingA 解析句意:价格过去很高,现在仍然很高的原因是复杂的。简短的论述无法满意地解释这个问题。still意为“仍然”,表示一种状态的延续;由and still are可知,空格处用过去时态。故选A项。B解析“到达”学校门口和“意识到”都用一般过去时态,而“书丢在咖啡店”发生在这两个动作之前,因此用过去完成时。句意:我到校门口时意识到把书落在了咖啡馆。-1-20.As you go through this book,you that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.?
A.will find B.found
C.had found D.have found
A 解析句意:当你浏览这本书时,你会发现无数经历过第二次世界大战的人都有不同的经历。as引导时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。21.My bicycle is not available,for it repaired.?
A.has B.is
C.is being D.has beenC解析句意:我的自行车没法用,因为它正在被修理。根据句意可知应用进行时态的被动语态。故选C项。-1-22.He will have learned the guitar for eight years by the time he
from the university next year.?
A.will graduate B.graduates
C.will have graduated D.is to graduate
23.—I’ll send you the signed contract personally this time tomorrow.
—Sorry,I a meeting then.?
A.am attending B.attended C.have attended D.will be attendingB 解析句意:到他明年大学毕业为止,他就已经学习吉他八年了。主句的谓语是将来完成时;by the time引导的时间状语从句中要用现在时表示将来,且主语he是第三人称单数,故用graduates。D解析句意:——明天这个时候,我将亲自给你送去已签字的合同。——对不起,那时我将正在开会。此处指将来的某一时间正在进行的状态,故用将来进行时。-1-24.(2016·天津武清区三模,2)—Tony,why do you look so tired?
—I waste along the river for the past 6 hours.?
A.picked up B.have been picking up
C.was picking up D.had picked upB 解析句意:——托尼,你为什么看起来那么疲惫?——过去的六个小时,我一直沿着河边捡垃圾。此处指一直持续到现在的动作或状态,用现在完成进行时。25.This glass easily,so please put a “Handle with Care” sticker on the box before you mail it.?
A.is broken B.will be broken
C.breaks D.has brokenC 解析句意:这块玻璃易碎,因此邮寄之前,请你在箱子上贴上“小心轻放”的标签。依据后半句可知此处是说现在的一般情况,故用一般现在时,break是不及物动词,表示“破裂,破碎”,不用被动语态。课件64张PPT。专题十 特殊句式和交际用语-1-考情概览
从近五年高考试题来看,特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法,交际用语主要考查语境和英语思维习惯。命题的着重点在以下几个方面:
1.考查倒装句式,特别注意以下几种情况:
(1)考查全部倒装结构。
(2)only位于句首修饰状语等时,要用部分倒装。
(3)虚拟条件句省去if,将had,were,should等移至句首的倒装。
(4)含有否定意义的词置于句首时,要用部分倒装。-1-2.考查省略句的构成,尤其是以下几种情况:
(1)省略主语、主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分。
(2)状语从句省略为“连词+非谓语动词”形式,务必要明确句子主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系以及非谓语动词与谓语的时间关系。
(3)不定式的省略。
(4)if so,if ever,if not,if possible等省略结构。
3.考查强调句型的构成。近几年高考更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象,加大了综合考查语法知识的力度,以下几个方面要引起高度重视:
(1)强调状语从句及not...until...句型的特殊构成方式。
(2)把强调句型与定语从句、省略句以及强调句型与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。-1-4.考查社会交往类交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主、提问为辅,侧重考查上下句在语气上的和谐一致以及考生的英语思维意识。要求考生掌握一些常见的诸如表示感谢、道歉、请求等的应答用语。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七倒装句
1.全部倒装常见的情况:
(1)here/there/out/in/up/down/away等副词置于句首,句子主语又是名词时,须用全部倒装语序。如:
Here is a letter for you.
Out rushed the children.
Away went the boy.
句子主语是代词时,不用倒装语序。如:
Here she comes.
Out they rushed.
(2)有的句子为了保持前后平衡、使上下文紧密衔接,或为了表达生动,或为了强调表语或状语,常采用全部倒装语序。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七(3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,须用全部倒装语序。如:
In front of his house sat a small boy.
(4)so/neither/nor置于句首,表示前面的情况也适用于另一者时,须用全部倒装语序。但当so位于句首,表示对前面所说情况的认同和强调、前后主语一致时,不用倒装,这时so意为“的确,确实,真的”。如:
He is a doctor.So is his wife.
I have never been there;neither has he.
—He can speak English.
—So he can.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 This is not my story,nor the whole story.My story plays out differently.?
A.is there B.there is C.is it D.it is
答案为C项。句意:这不是我的故事,也不是整个故事。我的故事结局是不同的。nor位于句首时,应用倒装结构。该句主语应该是it而不是there be句型,故选C项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七2.部分倒装常见的情况:
(1)含有否定意义的副词或连词never/not/little/seldom/hardly/not only/no sooner等置于句首时,须用部分倒装语序。如:
Never shall I forget it.
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
(2)only置于句首,修饰状语时,须用部分倒装语序。如:
Only in this way can you learn English well.
(3)as意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时,须用部分倒装语序,把表语、状语或动词原形提前,并且做表语的名词提前时,不能带有冠词。如:
Pretty as she is,she is not clever.
Try as he would,he might fail again.
Child as he is,he can speak two foreign languages.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七(4)表示“如此……以至于……”的so/such...that...句型,为强调而把so/such...置于句首时,须用部分倒装语序。如:
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
Such a nice man does he seem that we all believe him.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 (2016·江苏卷,34)Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.?
A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged
C.did they encourage D.they encouraged
答案为C项。not until引导时间状语从句并位于句首,主句要用部分倒装。句意:直到最近,他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七(2015·天津卷,3)Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.?
A.she realized B.has she realized
C.she has realized D.did she realize
答案为D项。句意:直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。“only+状语从句”位于句首时,主句采用部分倒装语序;根据前面的walked一词可知,此处用一般过去时。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七省略句
1.不定式的省略。某些动词后面可省略做宾语的不定式而只保留to。但to后有系动词be或助动词have时,be和have也应保留。如:
—Are you an engineer?
—No,but I want to be (an engineer).
He did not give me the chance,though he had promised to (give me the chance).
—He hasn’t finished the task yet.
—Well,he ought to have (finished the task).-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七2.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致时,从句主语可以省略,同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。如果主语与从句谓语是主动关系,用动词-ing形式;如果是被动关系,用过去分词。如:
While waiting/he was waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
If not/he is not invited,he won’t go to your birthday party.
3.在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,其后动词是be时,可省去“主语+be” 部分。如:
When (he was) still a boy of ten,he had to work day and night.
If (it is) necessary,I’ll explain it to you again.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七4.表示“除了”的介词but前若有实义动词do/does/did/done,后面的动词不定式不带to。介词but前若没有动词do及其变化形式,后面的不定式带to。如:
I could do nothing but wait there.
We had no choice but to obey the rules.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七特别提醒
遇到省略句的题目,应从以下几个方面考虑:
(1)根据省略的条件判断哪些成分可以省略。例如不定式to后的have/be是否可以省略。
(2)根据省略的条件判断省略了哪些成分,可以试着补出省略的成分,以达到理解句意的目的。
(3)“连词+非谓语动词”是状语从句的省略,非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是全句的主语,要通过逻辑关系和时间关系判断该用哪一种非谓语形式。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 Children,when by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.?
A.to be accompanied
B.to at accompany
C.accompanying
D.accompanied
答案为D项。考查非谓语动词。句意:孩子们有父母陪伴时才被允许进入这个体育场。children与accompany存在被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七强调句型
1.构成形式:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom...
2.强调句型常用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语。该句型的主语一般是it,不可换用this或that。无论强调什么,引导词都可用that;强调人时,引导词可用who/whom,不可使用其他引导词。如:
It was Li Ping that/whom I met in the park yesterday.
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
When and where was it that you were born?
3.not until置于句首时须用倒装语序。强调not...until...句型的时间状语时,要把not与until连在一起。如:
It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七4.在强调句型中,当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应同被强调成分的人称和数保持一致。如:
It is I who am responsible for the accident.
5.强调句型不能用来强调句子的谓语。需要强调谓语动词时,要借助于助动词do/does/did,表示“确实,真的,务必”。如:
Do sit down.
I did attend the meeting yesterday.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七特别提醒
由于强调句型是一个单一、固定的句式,所以考查强调句型时,往往通过复杂的题干来增加题目的难度。做题时应注意:
(1)区分强调句型和定语从句。试着把it is/was...that/who/whom...去掉,如果剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子,就是强调句型,否则就是定语从句。
(2)对话中常承接上文将强调句的部分内容省略,从而给考生造成错觉,这时要根据上下文语境做出判断,看是不是不合语境、不合句意或答非所问。
(3)遇到以特殊疑问句形式考查强调句型时,可以通过试着做出回答来判断答案。
(4)还应该注意强调谓语动词的句式,要根据句式和句意选择do,does或did。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,11)It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.?
A.who B.where C.which D.that
答案为D项。句意:就在我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。强调句型的构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。本句中被强调的部分是时间状语从句when I got back to my apartment,故用引导词that。选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七(2016·天津卷,13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.?
A.who B.which
C.where D.that
答案为D项。句意:你等错地方了。长途汽车到宾馆接游客。强调句型的构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+句子其他部分。本句中at the hotel是被强调部分,故用引导词that。故选D项。-15-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七反意疑问句
构成形式:“肯定句+否定疑问部分”或“否定句+肯定疑问部分”。
1.前面若有多个句子并列,反意疑问部分则以最后一个句子为准;若前面部分为主从复合句,一般来说,以主句为准;但若主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等,主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时,反意疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准,而肯、否定形式依主句而定。如:
He said he wanted to visit Japan,didn’t he?
I don’t think he is bright,is he?-15-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七2.前面句子含有must/can’t/may等表示推测的词时,疑问部分则依据句子的实际时态及时间状语而定。如:
He must be a doctor,isn’t he?
He must have finished it yesterday,didn’t he?
3.前面部分有表示否定意义的no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等词时,后面疑问部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时,后面部分还是用否定形式。如:
Some plants never blossom,do they?
It is impossible,isn’t it?-15-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ??
A.doesn’t it B.does it
C.don’t they D.do they
答案为B项。复合句的反意疑问句的构成原则就是与主句保持一致,该题主句部分为否定,所以答案为B项。句意:他们是否愿意来参加你的聚会没有关系,是吗?
There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ??
A.is there B.isn’t there
C.is he D.isn’t he
答案为A项。一般来说,复合句后面的反意疑问句应根据主句构成,可排除C、D两项;该题主句中有否定意义的little,所以反问时用肯定形式,答案为A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七社会交往类交际用语
1.感谢和应答:
—Thank you very much./Thanks a lot./Many thanks.
/Thanks for helping me.
—Not at all./That’s OK./That’s all right./You’re welcome.
/Don’t mention it./My pleasure./It’s nothing.
/I’m very glad you enjoyed it./It’s my pleasure./No problem.
2.道歉、遗憾和应答:
—I’m sorry./I’m sorry to trouble you./Forgive me (for...).
/What a pity!/It’s a pity that.../I’m sorry to hear that.
—It doesn’t matter./It’s not important./That’s nothing.
/Forget it./That’s all right./Never mind.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七3.祝愿、祝贺和应答:
(1)—Good luck!/Best wishes to you./Have a good time.
/Congratulations!
—Thank you.
(2)—Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!
—The same to you.
(3)—Happy birthday to you.
—Thank you.
4.邀请和应答:
—Would you like to...?
—Yes,I’d love to./That would be fine./That’s very kind of you.
/All right./Yes,I will./I would love to,but.../I am afraid I can’t...
/Sorry,I can’t.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七5.提供帮助和应答:
—Can I help you?/What can I do for you?/Here,take this./Let me do it for you.
—Thanks for your help./Yes,please./No,thanks./That’s very kind of you.
6.请求允许和应答:
(1)—May I...?/I wonder if I could.../May I ask a favor of you?
—Yes./Certainly./Of course./OK./All right.
(2)—Do/Would you mind if I...?
—No,not at all./Never mind./You’d better not.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七7.请求和应答:
—Could you...for me?/Would you please...?/May I have...?
/Please pass me...
—With pleasure./Certainly./Sure,go ahead./Yes,help yourself.
—I’m afraid not./Better not./I would rather you didn’t.
/No,thank you.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七8.劝告、建议和应答:
(1)If I were you,I’d.../It might be a good idea if you...
/Have you ever thought of...?/I strongly advise you to...
/Personally,I think you’d better.../You need (to)...
(2)Why not do...?/Why don’t you do...?/What about...?
/How about doing...?/Shall we...?/Let’s...,shall we?
肯定应答:Good idea./That’s great./Sounds great.
/It sounds good./That’s fine./Why not?
否定应答:I would love to,but.../I am afraid...-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七9.打电话:
(1)This is...(speaking)./It is...here.
(2)Who’s that (speaking/calling)?/Is that...(speaking)?
(3)Hold on,please./Hold the line,please.
(4)Can I take a message?
(5)Can you give/leave a message?
(6)Can/Could I ask who is calling?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七10.购物:
(1)What can I do for you?
(2)It’s well worth the money.
(3)Have you got anything a little cheaper?
(4)It’s a bit too large (small,plain,etc.) for me.
(5)That’s fine.I’ll take it.
(6)What’s the price of...?
11.问路和应答:
—Excuse me.Can you tell me the way to...?/How can I get to...?
—Go down this street./Turn right at the first crossing.
/It’s only a ten-minute walk from here.
/Go straight ahead till you see...-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七12.就餐:
(1)—What would you like (to have)?
/Would you like something to drink?
—I’d like...
(2)—Would you like some more...?
—Just a little,please./I’m full,thank you.
/No,I enjoyed it very much,but I won’t have any more.
(3)Make yourself at home./Help yourself to...-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七13.看病:
医生用语:
(1)What’s wrong with you?/What’s the matter with you?
/What’s your trouble?/Is there anything wrong with you?
(2)Take this medicine three times a day.
(3)You’ll have to have an examination./You’ll have to have a chemical examination./You need an injection.
(4)Take it easy./It’s nothing serious./You’ll be well./
You’ll be all right soon.
病人用语:
I have got a pain here./There is something wrong with my back/leg
/arm./I’ve got a cough/headache/toothache/stomachache/fever./I feel bad/terrible/sick today./I don’t feel well/all right today.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七14.谈论天气:
What’s the weather like today?/How is the weather in...?
/What’s the weather going to be like at the weekend?
15.祝酒用语:
(1)Let’s drink to.../Drink a toast to.../Cheers!
(2)I now propose a toast to.../I’d like to propose a toast to...
16.语言困难:
Pardon?/Would you please say that again?
/Would you please say that more slowly?/What do you mean by...?
/I’m sorry I can’t follow you.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 (2015·天津卷,1)—Sorry,Liz.I think I was a bit rude to you.
— ,but don’t do that again!?
A.Go ahead B.Forget it
C.It depends D.With pleasure
答案为B项。句意:——对不起,莉兹。我想我对你的态度有点儿粗鲁。——没关系,但是以后不要再那样做了。根据后面的“but don’t do that again”可知,答话人这次原谅了对方,但是建议他以后不要那么做了,故选择B项“没关系;算了吧”。A项意为“说吧,做吧,用吧”;C项意为“视情况而定”;D项意为“非常乐意;没问题”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七—Hello Jenny,can I see Ms.Lewis?
— .I’ll tell her you’re here.?
A.With pleasure B.Never mind
C.You’re welcome D.Just a minute
答案为D项。句意:——你好,珍妮,我能见路易斯女士吗?——稍等,我将通知她你到了。A项意为“乐意,愿意”;B项意为“别介意”;C项意为“不客气”,均不符合语境。D项意为“稍等”,符合句意。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七态度类交际用语
1.同意和不同意:
(1)Certainly./Sure./Of course./Yes,please./Yes,I think so./All right.
/OK./I couldn’t agree more./Exactly./Absolutely./No problem.
/That’s a good idea./I agree with you.
(2)Not really./Not exactly./That depends./No way./It’s hard to say.
/I am afraid not./No,I don’t think so./I’m afraid not.
/I really can’t agree with you.
2.肯定和不肯定:
(1)I’m sure./I’m sure that...
(2)I’m not sure./I’m not sure whether/if.../Maybe...
3.禁止和警告:
You mustn’t.../Take care!/Look out!/You are not allowed to...-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 (2016·天津卷,1)—It was a wonderful trip.So,which city did you like better,Paris or Rome?
— .There were good things and bad things about them.?
A.It’s hard to say
B.I didn’t get it
C.You must be kidding
D.Couldn’t be better
答案为A项。句意:——那真是一次很棒的旅行。那么你更喜欢哪个城市,巴黎还是罗马?——很难说。它们各有优缺点。A项“这很难说”;B项“我不明白”;C项“你一定在开玩笑”;D项“太棒了;没有比这更好的了”。根据答题空后的句子可知,巴黎和罗马各有优缺点,故应选择A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七(2016·浙江卷,1)—Are you sure you’re ready for the test?
— .I’m well prepared for it.?
A.I’m afraid not B.No problem
C.Hard to say D.Not really
答案为B项。句意:——你确定你为考试做好准备了吗?——没问题。我已做好准备。no problem“没问题”,符合句意。I’m afraid not“恐怕没有”;hard to say“很难说”;not really“不完全是”,均与语境不符。故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七(2016·江苏卷,32)—Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.
— .Opposites sometimes do attract.?
A.I hope not B.I think so
C.I appreciate that D.I beg to differ
答案为D项。句意:——只有那些有很多共同点的人能相处得好。——我可不同意。有相反特点的人有时候确实相互吸引。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七情感类交际用语
1.惊奇:
How come...?/Is that so?/What a surprise!/Good heavens.
2.同情:
I’m sorry to hear that./What a pity!/Bad luck.
3.安慰:
Make yourself at home./Take your time./Take it easy./It will be OK./Don’t worry./It’s quite all right.
4.鼓励:
Come on./Cheer up./Well done./You will make it.
5.不在乎:
So what?/Who cares?-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,7)—Michael was late for Mr.Smith’s chemistry class this morning.
— ?As far as I know,he never came late to class.?
A.So what B.Why not
C.Who cares D.How come
答案为D项。句意:——今天早上,在史密斯先生的化学课上,迈克尔迟到了。——怎么可能?据我所知,他可是上课从不迟到的。So what“那又怎样”;Why not“为什么不呢”;Who cares“谁在乎”;How come“怎么可能”。D项符合语境,用来表示听话者的惊讶。A、C两项表示不在乎;B表示赞同或疑问,故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七(2015·江苏卷,23)—Jim,can you work this Sunday?
— ?I’ve been working for two weeks on end.?
A.Why me B.Why not
C.What if D.So what
答案为A项。句意:——吉姆,这个周日你可以加班吗?——为什么是我?我已经连续工作两周了。why me“为什么是我”;why not“为什么不”;what if“如果……会怎么样”;so what“那又怎么样”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七特别提醒
解答交际用语类的题目,有两点需特别注意:
(1)避免汉语式思维。做题时要摒弃汉语的影响,真正从英语的角度去思考,既要遵循文明礼貌和委婉客气的原则,又要考虑一些常见的句式和结构。
(2)把握好语境。交际用语的考查一般在真实的语境中,所以做题时要全面考虑,注意语境的和谐一致。特别要注意上下句之间的关系,不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。对话中要看答语与问句是否一致。-1-1.(2017·天津卷,1)—Albert’s birthday is on next Saturday,and I’m planning a surprise party for him.
— .I’ll bring some wine.?
A.Sounds like fun B.It depends
C.Just a minute D.You are welcome
解析 句意:——下周六是艾伯特的生日,我想给他筹划一个惊喜派对。——听起来很有趣。我会带些酒。Sounds like fun“听起来很有趣”;It depends“视情况而定”;Just a minute“稍等一下”;You are welcome“不客气”。根据句意可知A项符合语境。A-1-2.(2017·江苏卷,35)—Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?
— !Will you go with me??
A.You there B.You bet
C.You got me D.You know better
解析 句意:——星期三去看女子排球比赛吗?——当然!你和我一起去吗?You bet“当然”,符合语境,故选B项。B-1-3.(2017·天津耀华中学二模,15)—I’ve studied your program,Peter.Could I make some suggestions?
—Go right ahead, .?
A.I’m all ears
B.It’s a piece of cake
C.Don’t pull my leg
D.As you wish
解析 句意:——彼得,我已研究过你的方案。我可以提一些建议吗?——说吧。我洗耳恭听。I’m all ears “我洗耳恭听”;It’s a piece of cake“小菜一碟”;Don’t pull my leg“别跟我开玩笑”;As you wish“随你的便”。根据句意可知A项符合语境。A-1-4.(2017·天津十二重点中学毕业班联考二,5)—Smoking should be banned in public.
— .It is harmful to both the smokers and non-smokers.?
A.I’d love to B.It’s my pleasure
C.I’m with you on that D.It’s up to you
解析 句意:——公共场所应禁止吸烟。——在这一点上我同意你的观点。吸烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者都有害。I’d love to“我很乐意”;It’s my pleasure“乐意为您效劳”;I’m with you on that“在这一点上我同意你的观点”;It’s up to you“你说了算”。由句意可知应选C项。C-1-5.(2017·天津第一中学第五次月考,7)—I wouldn’t agree with him if I were you.
— The suggestion he put forward is very practical.?
A.Why not? B.Well done!
C.It depends. D.Good luck!
解析 句意:——如果我是你,我不会同意他的观点。——为什么不呢?他提出的建议很实用啊。Why not“为什么不”;Well done“干得好”;It depends“视情况而定”;Good luck“祝你好运”。根据句意可知A项更符合语境。A-1-6.(2017·天津第一中学第三次月考,31)My parents always remind us that by no means no respect for our teachers.?
A.did we show B.we should show
C.we show D.should we show
解析 句意:我的父母总是提醒我们决不能对我们的老师表示不尊重。在that引导的宾语从句中,含有否定意义的短语by no means置于句首,句子要用部分倒装语序,排除B、C两项。由句意可知此处表示一般的情况,应用一般现在时,排除A项。故选D项。D-1-7.(2016·浙江卷,20)—The movie starts at 8:30,and we can have a quick bite before we go.
— .See you at 8:10.?
A.So long B.Sounds great
C.Good luck D.Have a good timeB 解析考查情景交际。句意:——电影8:30开始,我们可以快速地吃点东西就走。——好主意。8:10见。同意对方的观点或提议用sounds great或good idea等,故选B项。so long“太久了”;good luck“祝你好运”;have a good time“祝你玩得开心”。C、D两项都表示对方参加某活动,而自己并不参加的时候要表达的话语;A项显然是不同意的语气。-1-8.(2015·天津卷,4)—Jack,you seem excited.
— ?I won the first prize in the English speech contest.?
A.Guess what B.So what C.Pardon me D.Who caresA 解析考查交际用语。句意:——杰克,你看起来很兴奋。——你猜怎么着?我在英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。A项符合语境。B项意为“那又如何”;C项意为“原谅我”;D项意为“谁会关心呀”。9.—Hi,Dr Brown!I’m a little early.Should I wait outside?
—No. .?
A.That’s right B.My pleasure
C.Come on in D.Take it easyC 解析考查交际用语。句意:——布朗博士你好!我来得有点儿早了。我应该在外面等吗?——不必。进来吧。come on in“进来吧”,符合语境。A项意为“那是对的”;B项意为“愿意为您效劳”;D项意为“沉住气,不紧张,慢慢来”。-1-10.—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well,you know he’s .?
A.an early bird B.a wet blanket
C.a lucky dog D.a tough nutB解析考查习语。句意:——你为什么没邀请约翰来参加你的生日聚会?——哦,你知道他是一个扫兴的人。an early bird“早起的人”;a wet blanket“扫兴的人”;a lucky dog“幸运儿”;a tough nut“难对付的人”。-1-11.—Sorry,I forgot to lock the door.
— .Mike can do it later.?
A.No way B.Take your time
C.Nothing serious D.You’re welcome
12.—How is your table tennis these days?Still playing?
— .I just don’t seem to find the time these days.?
A.That’s right B.No,not much C.That’s great D.Don’t worryC解析考查情景交际。A项“没门,不可能”;B项“(时间上)不用紧张”;C项“不要紧,没什么大不了的”;D项“不客气,不用谢”。因为上一句表达的是歉意(Sorry),所以C项符合题意。句意:——对不起,我忘记锁门了。——不要紧,过会儿迈克会锁的。B解析考查交际用语。句意:——你的乒乓球最近怎样了?还在打吗?——没有,没怎么打。最近没时间。no,not much“不,不太多”;that’s right“对的,正确的”;that’s great“棒极了”;don’t worry“别担心”。B项符合语境。-1-13.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century
his musical gift was fully recognized.?
A.while B.though C.that D.afterC 解析考查强调句。句意:巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世纪早期他的音乐才华才得到普遍认可。not until强调句的基本句型为:It is(was) not until+被强调部分+that...。故C项正确。14.It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning .?
A.had it stopped B.did it stop
C.stopped it D.it stoppedB 解析句意:整个夜晚一直下着大雨,直到今天早晨才停。not until...引导的时间状语从句提到句首,主句要用部分倒装,此句是把助动词did提到主语it前面,把谓语动词stopped改为原形。-1-15.It’s necessary that not only to see a doctor but also he should have a good rest.?
A.did Bob go B.Bob should go
C.should Bob go D.Bob wentC 解析句意:鲍勃不仅需要要看医生,还应该好好休息一下。not only...but also...句式中的not only提到句首,主句要用部分倒装。该句中的necessary要求后面的宾语从句谓语用should+动词原形,所以要把should提到主语Bob前面。-1-16.Out ,still discussing the fashion show with great interest.?
A.walked a crowd of young girls
B.did a crowd of young girls walk
C.were walking a crowd of young girls
D.a crowd of young girls were walkingA解析句意:走出一群年轻的女孩,仍然兴致勃勃地谈论着时装表演。out是表示方位的副词,提到句首,该句要用全部倒装,即把整个谓语提到主语前面;全部倒装句不用进行时,要用一般时表示正在进行的状态,故C项排除。-1-17.(2016·天津和平区第四次模拟,10) The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police .?
A.not to do B.not to C.not do D.do notB解析句意:那位司机想靠近路边停车,但是,交警要求他不要那样做。空格处构成be asked to do sth.。表示“不要停车”,为了避免重复,要用动词不定式的省略形式,即只留下不定式符号to,动词可省略。-1-18.—He is good at a lot of things but it doesn’t mean he is perfect.
— Actually no one is.?
A.What’s going on?
B.Let’s get going.
C.Thank goodness.
D.I’m with you on that.D解析句意:——他擅长很多事情,但这并不意味着他很完美。——我同意你的说法,事实上,没有人会很完美的。这是一个同意对方观点的情景,故用D项表示“就这一方面我同意你的观点。”What’s going on“发生什么事了”;Let’s get going“让我们行动起来吧”;Thank goodness“谢天谢地”。-1-19.—Don’t you think Mary will make a good teacher?
— .Rumor has it that she couldn’t get her ideas across clearly.
A.Not a little B.No wonder C.Not really D.No problemC解析考查交际用语。句意:——你不觉得玛丽会成为一名好老师吗?——不见得。据说她不能清楚地表达她的想法。not a little“很,非常”;no wonder“难怪”;not really“不完全是,不见得”;no problem“没问题”。根据语境应选C项。-1-20.—Would you like to go shopping with me now?
— ,but I have so much work to do.?
A.I’m afraid not B.I’d like to
C.Go ahead D.It depends
21.—Tracy,did your whole family go to Paris for sightseeing last year?
—No. only two of us,my sister and I.?
A.There was B.It were C.That were D.It wasB 解析考查交际用语。句意:——你愿意现在和我一起去购物吗?——我很乐意,但是我有很多工作要做。根据上下文语境及后面的“but”可知,应选I’d like to(我很乐意)。故选B项。D解析考查强调句型。句意:——特蕾西,你们全家去年去巴黎旅游了吗?——没有,只有我们中的两个,我和我妹妹去了。答语第二句补充完整为“It was only two of us,my sister and I,that/who went to Paris for sightseeing last year.”。-1-22.Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals,if properly,
may contribute to spreading diseases.?
A.not handled B.not being handled
C.not to be handled D.not having been handledA解析考查“连接词+省略语”。连接词if后面跟分词构成省略语,handle意为“处理”,与前面的medical waste是被动关系,故用过去分词handled。-1-23.—I’ve read another book this week.
—Well,maybe is not how much you read but what you read counts.?
A.this;it B.that;which
C.there;one D.it;thatD 解析考查强调句型。句意:——这个星期我已经读了另外一本书。——哦,也许重要的不是你读了多少而是你读的是什么。这里使用了强调句:It is/was+强调部分+that...,这里强调的是这句话的主语not how much you read but what you read,去掉强调结构这句话是not how much you read but what you read counts,所以是强调句。-1-24.Mary enjoys home-made food,so she seldom, ,eats out.?
A.if never B.if any C.if ever D.if notC解析考查省略语。句意:玛丽喜欢吃家里做的食物,如果有的话,她也很少在外面吃饭。与seldom对应,用if ever表示次数或频度,意为“如果有的话”。B项也表示“如果有的话”,表示数量,与little/few对应。if not“如果不的话”。25. the burglar from the second floor when the house owner found him stealing last night.?
A.Down jumping B.Down jumped
C.Jumping down D.Jumped downB解析考查倒装。这句话的正常语序是:The burglar jumped down from the second floor when the house owner found him stealing last night.表示方位的副词down提到句首,要形成全部倒装,把谓语动词jumped提到主语the burglar的前面,故B项是最佳答案。课件44张PPT。专题四 介词和介词短语-1-考情概览
1.考查常用介词和介词短语的基本用法。天津高考中对介词的考查主要是常用介词,如to,by,on,at,over,about,with,above等。
2.考查常用介词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力。尤其是在一定的语言环境中,辨析意义相同或相近但使用范围不同的介词或介词短语。
3.考查介词与某些名词的搭配以及“介词+名词+介词”的搭配形式。特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词,不同的搭配可用来表示不同的意义。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九表示时间的介词
1.in,on,at,over
(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月份及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如:
in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer,in January,in one’s thirties等。
(2)on表示在具体的某一天或某一天的早晨、中午、晚上。如:
on May 1st,on Monday,on a cold night in January,on a fine morning等。
(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间,也泛指圣诞节、复活节等。如:
at 3:20,at this time of year,at Christmas,at night,at this moment等。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九(4)over后面接一段时间,表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如:
David Crum,the CEO of Geldart Software,announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.
(5)由last,next,this,that,some,every等词修饰的表时间的名词之前一律不用介词。如:
He went to Japan last year.
We meet every day.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九2.in,after
(1)“in+一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后,或表示在过去的一段时间之内。如:
My mother will come back in three or four days.
John answered all the questions in ten minutes.
(2)“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如:
He arrived after five months.
(3)“after+具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如:
She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.
The rain began to fall after seven.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九3.from,since,for
(1)from后接具体时间,说明从什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如:
I hope to do morning exercises from today.
(2)since后接具体的时间,表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。如:
We have not seen each other since 2010.
(3)for后接一段时间,通常与完成时连用。如:
I have been in the army for 5 years.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九【典例分析】 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour.?
A.by B.in
C.for D.until
答案为B项。考查介词。句意:简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就要发车了。in可以表示“在(某段时间)内”,故选B项。
They had a pleasant chat a cup of coffee.?
A.for B.with
C.during D.over
答案为D项。句意:他们边喝咖啡边进行了友好的交谈。for和during都有“在……期间”之意,但后面通常接时间;with意为“随着,用”;over意为“在(做)……期间,边……边……”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示地点方位的介词
1.at,in,on,to,off
(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近;在……旁边”。如:
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Shandong lies in the east of China.
(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如:
Russia lies on the north of China.
(4)to表示“在……范围外”,强调不接壤。如:
Japan is to the east of China.
(5)off意为“离开;在……之外”。如:
The experiment will be made in a laboratory off the campus.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.?
A.on B.along
C.from D.off
答案为D项。考查介词。句意:她在拐弯处开车速度太快了,车差点儿偏离了道路。go off the road是固定搭配,意为“偏离了道路”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.above,over,on
(1)above意为“在……上方”,只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直,与 below相对。如:
The bird is flying above my head.
(2)over意为“在……之上”,表示垂直高于某物,与under相对。over强调距离物体有一定的空间、不直接接触。如:
There is a bridge over the river.
(3)on意为“在……之上”,表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如:
He put his watch on the desk.
3.below,under
(1)below表示“在……之下”,不一定在正下方。如:
Please write your name below the line.
(2)under表示“在……正下方”。如:
There is a cat under the table.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃ the average.?
A.below B.on
C.at D.above
答案为D项。句意:去年是记录中最暖和的一年,全球气温高于平均值0.68摄氏度。below“在……下面”;on“在……上面”;at“在某时,在某地”;above“在……上方,超过”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示运动方向的介词
1.across,over,through
(1)across表示从物体表面穿过,与on有关。如:
across the playground/square/desert
(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如:
He jumped over the wall.
(3)through表示从物体内部穿过,与in有关。也可表示时间,指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”。如:
through the pipe/forest/door
She nursed me through my long illness.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.in,into
(1)in通常表示静态,意为“在……里面”。如:
We walked in the park.(强调“在公园里走着”)
(2)into通常表示动态,意为“进入到……里面”。如:
We walked into the park.(强调“走进公园”)-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示原因的介词
1.for表示原因时,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用。如:
I am sorry for what I said to you.
2.at表示引起某种情感变化的原因,常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用,意为“因听到或看到……而……”。如:
He was surprised at the news.
3.from常接抽象名词,表示自然、间接或外在的原因,如受伤、车祸等。如:
He died from the wound.
4.of多用于表示自身或内在的原因,如病、饿等。如:
The old man died of hunger.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九5.with指生理上或情感上由外界而影响到内心的原因。如:
Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.
He was shaking with anger.
6.by表示外部的、尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如:
She took your umbrella by mistake.
7.over 一般用于 cry,weep,laugh 等带有感彩的动词后,表示所发生的事情的原因。如:
She wept over the death of her daughter.
We laughed over the victory.
8.because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
He retired last month because of his illness.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九9.thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常意为“幸亏……,多亏……”。如:
Thanks to John,we won the game.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 When we heard the news that Beijing Basketball Team has won the final,we sang and danced joy.?
A.to B.with C.at D.of
答案为B项。该题应用with表示由于高兴而又唱又跳。with表示原因时,一般指由外界而影响到内心的原因。
—How about your trip to Italy?
—Oh, the fine weather,we enjoyed ourselves indeed.?
A.but for B.thanks to
C.in spite of D.because of
答案为B项。句意:——你去意大利的旅行怎么样?——哦,幸亏天气好,我们玩得真的很愉快。B项意为“幸亏,由于”,符合句意。but for意为“要不是”,in spite of意为“尽管”,because of意为“因为”,都与句意不符。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示计量的介词
1.at表示“以……速度;以……价格”。如:
It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.
I sold my car at a high price.
2.for表示“用……交换;以……为代价、报酬或惩罚”。如:
He sold his car for 500 dollars.
He got a medal for bravery.
注意:at表示单价,for表示总钱数。
3.by表示“以……计”,后跟计量单位。如:
They paid him by the month.
注意:by后接具体计量单位时要加the。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 He thought the jar made of earth little value and let me have it only one dollar.?
A.with;for B.of;for
C.of;by D.with;by
答案为B项。句意:他认为那个土罐子不值多少钱,让我付一美元拿走了它。第一个空应用of,of little value/importance/use意为“没什么价值/重要性/用处”;第二个空应用for,表示“以一美元为代价,用一美元交换”。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示工具或手段的介词
1.by意为“用某种方式”,后面接交通工具的名词时不带冠词。如:
I went there by bus.
2.with表示“用某种工具”,后面的名词需带冠词。如:
He broke the window with a stone.
3.in表示“用”时,后面的名词不带冠词,且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如:
I hate letters written in pencil.
Say it in English.
4.on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。如:
They talked on the telephone.
She learns English on the radio/on TV.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2015·陕西卷,12)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.?
A.on B.by
C.in D.at
答案为B项。take sb.by the arm“抓住某人的胳膊”。句意:那个小学生抓住他奶奶的胳膊,带她过马路。
(2017·北京卷,35)Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.?
A.at B.in
C.on D.by
答案为B项。句意:很多生活在沿海地区的人们在捕鱼行业谋生。表示在某个行业或某个领域应用介词in。注意:by后跟某种手段或工具。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示“在……之间”的介词
1.between表示在两者之间。如:
You are to sit between your father and me.
2.among表示在三者或三者以上的人或物之间。如:
He is always happy among his classmates.
3.有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或物,但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如:
Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.
Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.?
A.among B.against
C.behind D.below
答案为A项。句意:当你驱车驶入加利福尼亚州红杉林的时候,你会置身于有着超过一千年历史的树木之中。among“在……中”符合句意。against“靠着”;behind“在……之后”;below“低于”。故选A项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示“除了”的介词
1.besides表示“除……之外,还有……”。如:
We all went to see the film besides you.(包括你)
2.except表示“除……外,把……除去”。如:
We all went to see the film except you.(不包括你)
3.but与except同义,但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如:
I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
4.except for表示“如无……就……,只是……”,多表明理由、细节。如:
His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九5.except that表示“除……外,把……除去”,后面接句子。如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing.
6.apart from在不同的上下文中,既有besides的含义,又有except和except for的含义,要根据上下文来判别。如:
Apart from/Besides English,he has a good command of Russian and French.
He has no interests,apart from/except his work.
It’s a good paper,apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 People keep to themselves in my neighborhood.We don’t drop by unannounced, one night a year,December 30.?
A.instead of B.more than
C.as to D.except for
答案为D项。句意:在我居住的社区,人们很少往来。我们不会在没有打招呼的情况下相互拜访,但有一天晚上除外,那就是每年的12月30日。instead of“代替;而不是”,more than“多于,超出,比……多”;as to“关于,就……而论”;except for“除了……以外”。根据语境可知,答案为D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九 good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Shandong Cuisine.?
A.Far from B.Regardless of
C.Instead of D.Apart from
答案为D项。far from意为“远离;远非”;apart from意为“除……以外”;instead of意为“代替;而不是”;regardless of意为“不管,不顾”。句意:除了优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供不同种类的传统鲁菜。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九介词与某些词类的习惯搭配
1.介词和名词搭配时的习惯用法
(1)与in搭配:difference/interest/delight/progress/satisfaction/pride等。
(2)与to搭配:attention/answer/key/visit/honor等。
(3)与on搭配:attack/pity/mercy/congratulation(s)等。
(4)与with搭配:bargain/chat/connection/conversation/talk等。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九2.介词和形容词搭配时的习惯用法
(1)与of搭配:afraid/careful/certain/sure/fond/full/ashamed/tired/ proud/worthy等。
(2)与at搭配:angry/surprised/pleased/good/clever/slow/terrified等。
(3)与in搭配:poor/rich/expert/successful/absorbed/interested/ engaged/high/low/strict等。
(4)与about搭配:anxious/careful/certain/sure/sorry/worried/happy等。
(5)与to搭配:polite/equal/useful/necessary/strange/devoted/similar/ next/kind/cruel/rude/known/close等。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九(6)与for搭配:anxious/eager/famous/known/fit/sorry等。
(7)与with搭配:busy/angry/strict/familiar/popular/satisfied/careful等。
(8)与from搭配:different/far/free/safe/absent等。
(9)“It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.”句型中,如果仅仅描述不定式的情况,要用介词for。但当是指性格、情感方面的形容词,并且用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品质时,后面用of短语,常见的这类形容词有cruel/kind/good/clever/honest/nice/careful/careless/brave
/polite/rude/wise/foolish/stupid/lazy等。如:
It’s important for you to learn English well.
It’s foolish of you to lie to the teacher.-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2016·天津卷,2)The dictionary is :many words have been added to the language since it was published.?
A.out of control B.out of date
C.out of sight D.out of reach
答案为B项。后半句句意:自从它出版以来,这门语言增添了许多单词。由此可知这本词典过时了。out of control “失去控制”;out of date“过时”;out of sight“看不见”;out of reach“够不到”。故选B项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九(2017·江苏卷,32)Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.?
A.in contrast to B.in defense of
C.in face of D.in relation to
答案为D项。句意:确定我们与周围环境的关系仍然是我们生存的一项基本技能。in contrast to“相比之下”;in defense of“为……辩护”;in face of“面临”;in relation to“与……有关”。故选D项。-1-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九特别提醒
常用介词搭配在英语中极其丰富,意义复杂多变。同一个介词可以与不同的动词、名词或形容词搭配,表示不同的意思;反之,同一个动词、名词或形容词与不同的介词搭配,也表示不同的意思。掌握这些搭配,对夯实基础、提高英语水平大有裨益。要掌握这些搭配,关键是看平时的积累,首先要理解不同介词的含义,其次要注意观察、发现并识记介词的各种搭配。-1-1.(2017·天津卷,13)We offer an excellent education to our students.
,we expect students to work hard.?
A.On average B.At best C.In return D.After all
解析 句意:我们为学生提供卓越的教育。相应地,我们期望学生努力学习。on average“平均”;at best“最多”;in return“作为报答;反过来;相应地”;after all“毕竟”。故选C项。
2.(2017·天津第一中学第四次月考,4)The debate here will be limited in two main respects, the time available.?
A.in view of B.in return for
C.in addition to D.in comparison with
解析 句意:考虑到现有的时间,这场辩论将被限制在两个主要的方面。in view of “鉴于,考虑到”,符合句意,故选A项。in return for“作为……的报答”;in addition to“除……之外”;in comparison with“与……比较”。CA-1-3.(2017·天津和平区三模,14)We’d better discuss everything
before we work out the plan.?
A.in detail B.in general
C.on purpose D.in time
解析 句意:在制定计划之前,我们最好把所有的事情都详细讨论一下。in detail“详细地”,与句意相符,故选A项。in general“大体上”;on purpose“故意地”;in time“及时”。
4.(2017·天津和平区上学期期末质量调查,3)My driving has improved a lot,but it is still perfect.?
A.next to B.far from
C.due to D.apart from
解析 句意:我的驾驶技术进步了许多,但是离完美还差得很远。far from perfect表示“远不够完美”,故选B项。AB -1-5.(2016·浙江卷,6)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help. ,he’s reliable.?
A.Or else B.In short C.By the way D.For one thing
6.These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.?
A.in memory of B.in response to
C.in touch with D.in possession ofB 解析句意:那个年轻人做人诚实、善于合作、总是乐于助人。总之,他靠得住。后一句是对前一句几项内容的概括总结,故用in short“总之,简言之”。or else“或者”;by the way“顺便说一下”;for one thing“一方面”。故选B项。B 解析句意:这些评论是为了回应当地的新闻记者们经常问的具体问题。in memory of“作为对……的纪念”;in response to“对……做出反应”;in touch with“同……有联系”;in possession of“占有,拥有”。-1-7.Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live nature.?
A.in view of B.in need of
C.in touch with D.in harmony withD 解析句意:人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,就这点而论,我们要想生存唯一的办法就是与大自然和谐相处。in view of“由于,鉴于”;in need of “需要”;in touch with“与……有联系”;in harmony with“与……和谐”。-1-8.—Did you catch the first bus this morning?
—No.It had left the stop I got there.?
A.in the time B.at the time C.by the time D.during the time
9.—Am I bothering you?
—No. ,I like you to accompany me.?
A.In a nutshell B.On the other hand
C.In the end D.On the contraryC 解析句意:——今天早晨你赶上第一班公共汽车了吗?——没有,我到那儿时,车已走了。in the time“在某段时间内”;at the time“当时”;by the time“到……为止”,可作为连接词用,引导时间状语从句,要求主句用完成时;during the time“在一段时间内”。D解析答句句意:不。恰恰相反,我喜欢你的陪伴。in a nutshell“总之”;on the other hand “另一方面”;in the end“最后”;on the contrary“恰恰相反”。故选D项。-1-10.Max is hardworking, cheerful and ,honest.?
A.above all B.after all
C.at all D.all in all
11. the culture gap and language differences,we still can understand each other through our body language.?
A.Regarding B.Without
C.Despite D.ConsideringA 解析句意:麦克斯勤劳、快乐,最重要的是诚实。above all“首先;最重要的”,强调重要性;after all“毕竟”;at all“根本”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。all in all“总之”。C解析句意:我们尽管有文化差异和语言方面的不同,但通过身势语我们仍然能够相互理解。regarding“关于”;without“没有”;despite“尽管”;considering“考虑到”。-1-12. your help,we could not have finished such hard work in time.
A.In spite of B.But for
C.Thanks to D.As for
13.The art show was being a failure;it was a great success.?
A.far from B.along with
C.next to D.regardless ofB 解析句意:要不是你的帮助,我们不可能及时完成那样艰难的任务。in spite of“尽管”;but for“要不是……的话”;thanks to“多亏”;as for“至于……”。故选B项。A解析句意:这次画展远非失败,而是一个巨大的成功。far from“远非”;along with“与……一起”;next to“靠近”;regardless of“不顾;不考虑”。-1-14.John accepted the championship award the team.?
A.in honor of B.in favor of
C.on account of D.on behalf of
15.I’m sorry I didn’t phone you,but I’ve been very busy
the past couple of weeks.?
A.beyond B.with
C.among D.overD 解析句意:约翰代表他的赛队接受了冠军奖杯。in honor of“为了纪念……”;in favor of“支持;有利于”;on account of “因为”;on behalf of “代表”。D 解析句意:对不起,我没有给你打电话,我过去的几周一直很忙。beyond“超出”;with“与……一起”;among“在……之中(用于三者或三者以上的数量)”;over“跨过;在……期间”。-1-16.Neil seemed very calm,yet Celia was still aware of his panic
the surface.?
A.beneath B.over
C.beyond D.from
17.Sometimes questions in the interview are expectation and difficult to answer well.?
A.among B.between
C.within D.beyond A 解析句意:尽管尼尔表现得似乎很镇静,但是西莉亚还是意识到尼尔冷静的表面下隐藏的恐慌。beneath the surface“在表面下”。故选A项。D解析句意:有时候面试中的问题超出预料,很难回答好。beyond expectation“超出预料”。-1-18.Books are the most important records we keep man’s thoughts,ideas and feelings.?
A.up B.of
C.off D.atB 解析本句中短语keep records of (记录)被定语从句拆开了,records是先行词,we keep ...是定语从句。句意:书籍是我们对人类思想、观点和感情的最重要的记录。-1-19.The shelter is expected to help the homeless live the bitter winter.?
A.across B.with
C.through D.against
20.Don’t put your bicycle the window.The glass can be easily broken.?
A.with B.against
C.beyond D.offC 解析句意:这个收容所有望帮助无家可归的人度过这个寒冷的冬季。across“横过”;through“穿过”;against “反对;逆着”。live through“度过,熬过”。B解析句意:别把自行车倚着窗户。很容易弄破玻璃。against“倚着,靠着”;beyond“超过”;off“远离”。专题能力训练一 单项填空(一)(句子结构类)
一、A组
1.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,24)Our English teacher told us to find out the differences between American English and British English lie.?
A.where B.how
C.what D.which
答案:A
解析:句意:我们的英语老师让我们找出美国英语和英国英语的区别在哪。空格处引导宾语从句,引导词做动词lie的宾语,指存在于哪里,故选A项。
2.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,28)Employers were unwilling to offer him a job he had been in prison.?
A.when B.though
C.as D.unless
答案:C
解析:句意:雇主们都不愿给他提供工作,因为他进过监狱。此处表示原因,应用连词as,故选C项。
3.—Howareyougettingalongwithyourproject?
—Iwasabouttogiveupwhenanideaoccurredtome IcouldworkwithTim.?
A.why B.how
C.that D.whether
答案:C
解析:考查同位语从句。句意:——你的工程进展得怎么样了?——我刚想放弃这项工程,这时我突然想到可以与蒂姆一起合作。“ IcouldworkwithTim”是与先行词idea等同的内容,所以用that引导这个同位语从句。?
4.As was known to all,John had broken his promise he would stay with us for some time.?
A.when B.which
C.that D.what
答案:C
解析:考查同位语从句。本句中promise后面含有同位语从句“thathewouldstaywithusforsometime”,that在句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已。句意:众所周知,约翰违背了他要和我们待在一起一段时间的诺言。故C项正确。
5. and I’ll get the work finished.?
A.Having one more hour B.One more hour
C.Given one more hour D.If I have one more hour
答案:B
解析:句意:要是再有一个小时,我就完成工作了。题干是“祈使句+and+表示结果的陈述句”。A、C两项是非谓语动词,不能构成句子;D项是条件状语从句,不是并列分句。B项是名词词组,相当于一个祈使句,表示条件。
6. was most important to her,she told me,was her family.?
A.It B.This
C.What D.As
答案:C
解析:句意:她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家人。“ wasmostimportanttoher”是主语从句,空格处做这个从句的主语,表示“……的事情”,故用What。?
7.The mother couldn’t figure out made her son spend so much time in preparing for this match.?
A.what it was that B.that it was that
C.it was what that D.what was it that
答案:A
解析:谓语动词figureout后面的“ madehersonspendsomuchtimeinpreparingforthismatch”是宾语从句,根据选项可知这个宾语从句用强调句型,语序是:特殊疑问词+it+is/wasthat...。?
8.—WillMr.Blackgototheopeningceremonythisweekend?
—No,hehasfinallydecided .?
A.not B.nottogo
C.notto D.nottogoto
答案:C
解析:decided后面的完整形式是nottogototheopeningceremony,为了避免重复只留下notto,把其他重复的内容省略。
9.Iwellremembermyexperienceasavolunteer IfoundwellsofpatienceandloveIneverknewIhad.?
A.where B.when
C.who D.which
答案:A
解析:句意:我清楚地记得自己那次做志愿者的经历,在那次经历中我发现自己很有耐心和爱心,这些是我(之前)从不曾知道的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词experience,故选where。
10.Myfathercalledmeyesterday,askingme Iwasgettingalongwiththeexam.?
A.when B.how
C.whether D.why
答案:B
解析:“ Iwasgettingalongwiththeexam”是asking的宾语从句,这个从句缺少的是方式状语,故用how表示“(考试情况)怎么样?”?
11.AsfarasI’mconcerned,theycouldn’t, theywould,getoutoftroublebythemselves.?
A.evenif B.whatif
C.onlyif D.asif
答案:A
解析:句意:我个人认为,他们即使想(摆脱),也无法独立摆脱困难。evenif“即使”,符合句意,在此引导让步状语从句。whatif“要是……会怎样呢”;onlyif“只有”;asif“好像”。
12.It’snotwhatyouhaveinyourlifebut youhaveinyourlifethatmatters.?
A.who B.that
C.which D.what
答案:A
解析:句意:在你的人生中,重要的是你拥有谁而不是你拥有什么。该句是一个强调句型,强调的是not...but...连接的并列成分。根据句意可知,应该用who引导从句,who在从句中做宾语。
13.Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutthepolicy,expertssay, acouplecangivebirthtotwochildrenwillsetoffarapidriseofpopulation.?
A.which B.that
C.what D.whether
答案:B
解析:句意:专家们说,没必要担心一对夫妇能够生两个孩子的这个政策会引起人口的快速增长。根据句子结构可知,本空引导同位语从句,做thepolicy的同位语,从句中不缺成分,故用that。
14.Thereareoccasions backpackersaresotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.?
A.when B.where
C.which D.what
答案:A
解析:句意:背包旅行者是如此劳累,以至于他们几乎在任何地方都能睡着。这样的情况是有的。occasion“(某事发生的)时候,场景”,是一个时间概念,关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语,因此使用关系副词when。
15.Withtimegoingby, onceseemedvitalinourlifeisnolongerasimportantnow.?
A.which B.how
C.what D.whether
答案:C
解析:句意:随着时间的流逝,曾经似乎是我们生活中极其重要的事,现在不那么重要了。分析句子结构可知,名词性从句在句中做主语,且从句中缺少主语,因此用what。
二、B组
1.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,29)We are hoping for support from Mr.Webster,without support we can’t make it.?
A.which B.whose
C.what D.that
答案:B
解析:句意:我们希望从韦伯斯特先生那里得到支持,没有他的支持我们就不能成功。此处是定语从句,空格后有support,故填whose,whosesupport做without的宾语。
2.(2017·天津红桥区二模,4)I’m not sure whether I can persuade him to give up the adventure. ,I will try my best.?
A.Anyhow B.Somehow
C.Besides D.Therefore
答案:A
解析:句意:我不确定我能否说服他放弃这次冒险。不管怎样,我会尽全力(说服他)。anyhow“无论如何,不管怎样”,符合语境;somehow“以某种方式;不知怎的”;besides“此外”;therefore“所以”。
3. isknowntoallisthatwatchingTVproperlymaymakeourmindbroadandourliferich.?
A.It B.As
C.What D.That
答案:C
解析:句意:众所周知,恰当地看电视可以使我们的视野开阔,生活丰富多彩。主语从句中缺主语,故用what。故选C项。
4.It is becoming a threat to the Chinese language and culture some people can’t write Chinese characters properly.?
A.which B.that
C.whether D.how
答案:B
解析:句意:有些人不会正确书写汉字这一现象正在对汉语和中国文化产生威胁。it是形式主语,“ somepeoplecan’twriteChinesecharactersproperly”是真正的主语,是由连接词that引导的主语从句。that仅起引导作用,不在从句中做成分。?
5.The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.?
A.that B.how
C.what D.why
答案:C
解析:句意:这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到,我们将要面对多么严重的问题。及物动词realize后面部分是宾语从句,这个宾语从句中,terribleproblems做face的宾语,引导词做定语修饰复数名词problems,常用what引导。
6.I promise to make you all proud again in direction life may take me.?
A.however B.wherever
C.whatever D.whenever
答案:C
解析:句意:我保证不管在什么样的人生方向上我都会再次让你们感到骄傲。whatever修饰名词direction,意为“无论什么方向”;however“无论怎样”;wherever“无论哪里”;whenever“无论何时”。故选C项。
7.Many a person up setting off firecrackers because of heavy smog.?
A.is given B.has given
C.are given D.have given
答案:B
解析:manyaperson做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,排除C项和D项。giveup表示“放弃”,与主语是主动关系,故选B项。
8.Excuse me, I’m afraid you can’t sit here.This table is reserved.?
A.but B.and
C.so D.for
答案:A
解析:Excuseme/I’msorry后面常跟but...引出真正要说的事情。
9.Thenewmachine,if properly,willworkatleasttenyears.?
A.use B.using
C.beingused D.used
答案:D
解析:if是连接词,表示“如果”,后面是省略句。use与主语是被动关系,故用used。
10. youaretravellingnearorfar,we’vegottipsonsavingmoneyandpackingsmartly.?
A.When B.Where
C.Whether D.If
答案:C
解析:句意:无论你是近距离旅行还是远距离旅行,我们都有关于省钱和快速打包的窍门。根据句中的“or”可知,此处是whether...or...连接的让步状语从句。
11.—Jenny,willyouleavenow?
—No.Itwillbetwoweeks Ileavehere.?
A.while B.since
C.before D.when
答案:C
解析:句意:——珍妮,你现在走吗?——不,我过两周才离开这儿。“Itwillbe+时间段+before...”是固定句型,意为“过……才……,在……之后才……”。
12.Youcanneverplaycomputergames youhavepassedthetest.?
A.when B.because
C.if D.unless
答案:D
解析:句意:如果你没有通过那次考试,那么你绝不能玩电脑游戏。unless相当于if...not,意为“除非,如果不”,引导条件状语从句,符合句意。
13.Thesedrugsworkbestonlyaftertheyreach expertscalladesiredlevelinthebody.?
A.where B.how
C.what D.which
答案:C
解析:句意:这些药只有达到专家们所称的一种理想的水平后才能在身体中发挥最佳药效。因为从句中的call后接双宾语,因此这里用what引导宾语从句。
14.Weallagreedthattheway hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasimpractical.?
A.inwhich B.which
C.what D.where
答案:B
解析:句意:我们都认为他想出来的解决这个问题的方法是不实际的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是theway,所以此处可用关系代词which或that,也可不填。根据选项可知选which。
15.Barbieflureferstothetrend youngwomendramaticallychangetheirappearancetomakethemselveslooklikehumanBarbiedolls.?
A.what B.whether
C.that D.how
答案:C
解析:句意:芭比潮流指的是这样一种趋势——年轻的女士大幅度地改变她们的外表,以使自己看起来像真人版的芭比娃娃。分析句子结构可知,空后是一个同位语从句,解释名词thetrend的内容,从句成分和意义完整,故用that来引导。
三、C组
1.(2017·天津和平区二模,4)—A child’s behavior is most easily influenced by his parents.
—True.That’s we should set a good example to our kids.?
A.why B.when
C.whether D.where
答案:A
解析:句意:——一个孩子的行为很容易受到其父母的影响。——说得对。这就是为什么我们要给我们的孩子树立一个好的榜样。此处用why引导表语从句,表示原因。
2.(2017·天津和平区二模,12)The girl thought her boyfriend had bought her a necklace of great value in fact it was made of glass.?
A.when B.while
C.that D.as
答案:B
解析:句意:这个女孩以为她的男朋友给她买了一条很贵重的项链,然而事实上那条项链是玻璃做的。空格处前后表示对比,故用while。
3.(2017·天津河西区三模,10)I’m looking forward to the exam,strange it may seem.?
A.while B.although
C.as D.yet
答案:C
解析:句意:奇怪的是,我很期待考试。此处为倒装结构,某些让步状语从句要倒装,此处从句可转换成Althoughitmayseemstrange,意为“尽管看起来离奇”。此类结构一般为:名词/形容词/动词+as+主语+谓语。故选C项。
4. ,Carolinacouldn’tgetthedooropen.?
A.Tryasshemight B.Asshemighttry
C.Shemightastry D.Mightsheastry
答案:A
解析:句意:尽管卡罗莱娜努力了,但是她还是不能把门打开。as引导让步状语从句时用倒装。
5.The little boy won’t go to sleep his mother tells him a story.?
A.or B.unless
C.but D.whether
答案:B
解析:句意:这个小男孩不愿意睡觉,除非他妈妈给他讲个故事。此处用unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非……,如果不……的话”。
6. you have any disagreement,we will carry out the plan next week.?
A.Unless B.Though
C.However D.When
答案:A
解析:句意:除非你不同意,我们下一周将要执行这个计划。此处用Unless引导这个让步状语从句,表示“除非”。
7.You can smoke here you leave a window open to let the smoke out.?
A.even though B.so that
C.as long as D.in case
答案:C
解析:句意:只要你把窗户敞开让烟气散发出去,你就可以在这里吸烟。这里用aslongas引导条件状语从句,表示“只要”。
8.I don’t think the price of gas will go down this week, ??
A.will it B.don’t I
C.won’t it D.do I
答案:A
解析:“Idon’tthink+宾语从句”,后面跟反意疑问句时,反意疑问句要与宾语从句的主语和谓语一致,而且此句为否定前移,宾语从句仍然作为否定句处理,所以要用willit。
9.OnlywhenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain ignoringhermum.?
A.sheregretted B.shehadregretted
C.didsheregret D.hadsheregretted
答案:C
解析:句意:只有当她开始写《再次长大》时她才后悔忽视了她的妈妈。only连接的时间状语(从句)放在句首时,句子应用部分倒装语序。动作regret应在began之后发生,不可用过去完成时,而应用一般过去时。故C项正确。
10.Itwaswhilehewasvisitinghisuncleinamountainvillage hegottheinspirationforhisnewnovel.?
A.that B.which
C.when D.where
答案:A
解析:句意:他正是在山村拜访他叔叔时,获得了新小说的灵感。分析句子结构可知,此处使用了强调句型,其结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他”,故选A项。
11.IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfor20years,butseldom solonelyasnow.?
A.haveIfelt B.Ihadfelt
C.Ihavefelt D.hadIfelt
答案:A
解析:句意:我在美国生活了20年了,但是很少像现在这样感到如此孤独。否定词seldom置于句首,句子要部分倒装,再根据前面的“havebeenliving”可知此处应用现在完成时。故选A项。
12.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeiteasy; isnoneedtobenervous.?
A.it B.this
C.there D.which
答案:C
解析:Thereisnoneedtobe/do...是固定句型,意为“没有必要……”。
13. scoresoftimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.?
A.Havingexplained B.Havingbeenexplained
C.Thoughitwasexplained D.Itwasexplained
答案:D
解析:本句中but是并列连词,由此可知but前后都是完整的分句。故D项正确。
14.Maryenjoyshome-madefood,sosheseldom, ,eatsout.?
A.ifnever B.ifany
C.ifever D.ifnot
答案:C
解析:句意:玛丽喜欢家常便饭,所以她如果曾在外面吃饭的话也是很少。if不和never连用;ifany“如果有一些的话”;ifever“如果曾有过的话”;ifnot“如果不这样的话”。
15.Don’tstandbywhenyoucomeacross havedifficultyinsupportingtheirfamilybecauseofseriousillness.?
A.who B.whoever
C.whichever D.whomever
答案:B
解析:comeacross后面为一个宾语从句,而引导词在宾语从句中做主语,强调“任何人”,应用whoever。
专题能力训练三 单项填空(三)(词义辨析类)
一、A组
1.(2017·天津红桥区上学期期中,5)I his voice immediately when I picked up the phone,and thought we had been out of touch for years.?
A.realized B.recognized
C.remembered D.imitated
答案:B
解析:句意:当我接起电话后立马辨别出了他的声音,然后想到我们已经有好几年没有联系了。realize“意识到”;recognize“辨别出,认出”;remember“记得;回想起”;imitate“模仿”。B项符合语境,故选B项。
2.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,19)The dog attacked passers-by and therefore was kept on a chain by the owner.?
A.eventually B.fortunately
C.frequently D.similarly
答案:C
解析:句意:这只狗频繁地攻击路人,因而被其主人用链子拴住了。eventually“最终”;fortunately“幸运地”;frequently“频繁地”;similarly“相似地”;frequently符合句意,故选C项。
3.(2017·天津河东区一模,4)He’s not very .You can’t always depend on him to do what he promises to.?
A.dependent B.independent
C.reliable D.flexible
答案:C
解析:句意:他并不是很可靠。你不能总指望他能做到像他承诺的那样。dependent“依靠的,取决于”;independent“独立的”;reliable“可靠的”;flexible“灵活的”。由句意可知应选C项。
4.Everyschoolintothecompetitionwillhaveachancetowin$2,000 ofcomputingequipment.?
A.price B.worth
C.value D.cost
答案:B
解析:句意:每一所参赛的学校都会有机会赢得价值2000美元的计算设备。price“价格”;worth做名词用时,意为“价值是……的东西”,常构成“数额+worth+of+名词”;value“价值”,指事或物所拥有的价值;cost“费用”。
5.—He says that my new car is a of money.?
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?
A.lack B.load
C.question D.waste
答案:D
解析:句意:——他说我的新车是浪费钱。——你不认为那些话只是“吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸吗”?根据第二句的意思可知第一句的意思指“他说我的新车是浪费钱”。故D项是正确答案。alackof“缺乏……”;aloadof“大量,许多”;aquestionof“……的一个问题”;awasteof“浪费……”。
6.The boy has great in sports.Trainedproperly,he’ll make a first-class athlete in time.?
A.motivation B.influence
C.potential D.possibility
答案:C
解析:句意:这个男孩在运动方面很有潜能。加以正确训练,他迟早会成为一名一流的运动员。motivation“动机”;influence“影响”;potential“潜能”;possibility“可能性”。根据句意可知应选C项。
7.We are discussing the of employing more staff to face increasingly huge challenges.?
A.necessity B.flexibility
C.similarity D.acceptance
答案:A
解析:句意:我们正在讨论雇用更多员工以应对越来越大的挑战的必要性。necessity“必要性”,符合语境。flexibility“灵活性”;similarity“相似性”;acceptance“接纳”。
8.Thepursefoundontheplaygroundmatchesthe byMary,soitmustbehers.?
A.direction B.expression
C.description D.instruction
答案:C
解析:句意:在操场上发现的那个钱包与玛丽的描述吻合,所以一定是她的。direction表示“说明”时,常用复数形式。expression“表达”;description“描述”;instruction“指示”。
9.It is pure that Richard and Julia have come up with the same approaches to the problem.?
A.coincidence B.incident
C.dilemma D.occasion
答案:A
解析:句意:理查德和朱莉娅提出了同样的办法来解决这个问题,这纯属巧合。根据句意,这里用coincidence“巧合,巧事”。
10.MyattentionwasarrestedbyaredcoatwhenIwentshoppingyesterday.SoIboughtitwithout .?
A.difficulty B.surprise
C.hesitation D.expression
答案:C
解析:句意:昨天我购物的时候,一件红色的外套吸引了我的注意,所以我就毫不犹豫地买下了它。withouthesitation“毫不犹豫地”,符合语境。withoutdifficulty“轻易地,不费事地”;withoutsurprise“毫不惊讶地”;withoutexpression“毫无表情地”。
11.—I’msorryIhurtyourfeelings.
—Itdoesn’tmatter.Iknowitwasn’tyour .?
A.idea B.thought
C.intention D.mind
答案:C
解析:句意:——对不起,我伤了你的感情。——没关系,我知道你不是故意的。idea“主意”;thought“思想”;intention“意图”;mind“心理”。
12.A doctor who has a good knowledge of the local language is able to communicate with local patients more effectively than who doesn’t.?
A.one B.those
C.the one D.that
答案:A
解析:句意:一个精通当地语言的医生比不懂当地语言的医生更能有效地和当地的病人进行交流。本句中one指代adoctor,表示泛指。
13.Susanmade cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.?
A.that B.this
C.it D.her
答案:C
解析:句意:苏珊向我明确表示她希望开始自己的新生活。it为形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句做真正的宾语。
14.Thesixthsenseisnot thatonecantakeoffandputonatwill.?
A.everything B.something
C.anything D.nothing
答案:B
解析:句意:第六感不是能任人呼来唤去的东西。根据句意可知,此处表示“某物,某种东西”,故用something。
15.Thewomandoctordevotedherself toherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.?
A.strongly B.extremely
C.entirely D.freely
答案:C
解析:句意:这个女医生完全投身于她的研究,为她在自己的(研究)领域赢得了好名声。strongly“强烈地”;extremely“非常,极其”;entirely“完全”;freely“自由地”。根据句意可知,答案为C项。
二、B组
1.(2017·天津河东区一模,12)A new law which bans teenagers from smoking will 90 days after governor signs it.?
A.come into effect B.come to power
C.make an effort D.make a difference
答案:A
解析:句意:一项禁止青少年吸烟的新法律将于州长签字90天以后生效。comeintoeffect“开始生效,开始实施”,与句意相符;cometopower“(开始)掌权,执政”;makeaneffort“作出努力”;makeadifference“有影响,有作用”。
2.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,27)He asked who was able to a good solution to this problem.?
A.get along with B.catch up with
C.come up with D.go on with
答案:C
解析:句意:他问谁能够提出关于这个问题的好的解决方案。comeupwith“提出”,符合句意。getalongwith“与……相处;取得进展”;catchupwith“赶上”;goonwith“继续;暂时应付一下”。
3.(2017·天津红桥区二模,8)Bob and Helen quarreled with each other last night but they soon .?
A.turned up B.put up
C.made up D.showed up
答案:C
解析:句意:鲍伯和海伦昨晚吵架了,但他们很快就和好了。turnup“出现;放大”;putup“建造;张贴;提出”;makeup“和解;组成;化妆”;showup“显露;突出”。故选C项。
4.Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thecoachfirstofallhastoknowtheir andweaknesses.?
A.strengths B.benefits
C.techniques D.values
答案:A
解析:句意:要想让每一个队员做得更好,教练首先要知道他们的长处和短处。strength“长处”;benefit“利益,好处”;technique“技术,技巧”;value“价值”。
5.Thecomputersmadethisyearareofbetterqualitythan madelastyear.?
A.that B.those
C.ones D.theone
答案:B
解析:句意:今年生产的计算机的质量比去年生产的那些好。这里是计算机的质量之间进行比较,因此空格处应该填thecomputers,由于前面已经出现了thecomputers,因此应该用替代词those,代替特指的复数名词。
6.Ourbodiesarestrengthenedbytakingexercise. ,ourmindsaredevelopedbylearning.?
A.Probably B.Similarly
C.Likely D.Generally
答案:B
解析:句意:我们通过体育锻炼增强体质。同理,我们通过学习开发智力。probably“或许,可能”;similarly“类似地,同理”;likely“可能”;generally“一般地,总体上”。根据句意可知选B项。
7.Peopleinthesouthliveonrice. ,theyeatagreatdealoffruit.?
A.Inaddition B.Inagreement
C.Inconclusion D.Incondition
答案:A
解析:句意:南方人以大米为主食。而且,他们吃很多水果。inaddition“而且”;inagreement“同意”;inconclusion“总之”;in(good/bad)condition“处于(良好的/糟糕的)状态”。根据句意选A项。
8.Theteacheraskedadifficultquestion,butTedfinallymanagedto agoodanswer.?
A.putupwith B.keepupwith
C.comeupwith D.catchupwith
答案:C
解析:句意:老师问了一个难题,但是特德最终还是想出了一个好答案。putupwith“忍受,忍让”;keepupwith“跟上”;comeupwith“提出,想出”;catchupwith“赶上,追上”。根据句意可知应选C项。
9.I thought everybody had already gone,but there are a few people anyhow.?
A.also B.only
C.even D.still
答案:D
解析:句意:我原以为人都走光了,但不管怎样还是有几个人没走。also“还,也”;only“仅仅”;even“甚至”;still“仍然,依然”。根据语境可知答案为D项。
10.Thebookisverygood,butitis toodifficultforachildtoread.?
A.rarely B.fairly
C.pretty D.rather
答案:D
解析:句意:这本书很好,但是对一个孩子来说太难读了。四个选项中只有rather可以修饰too,故选D项。
11.Thebossisan person—respectedevenbythosewhodisagreewithhim.?
A.abnormal B.honorable
C.ordinary D.energetic
答案:B
解析:句意:这个老板是一个可敬的人,甚至那些与他意见不合的人们都尊敬他。abnormal“不正常的”;honorable“可敬的”;ordinary“普通的”;energetic“精力充沛的”。
12.Mr.Brownwasavery investor,whocarefullystudiedthemarketbeforebuying500sharesinashippingcompany.?
A.cautious B.potential
C.funny D.private
答案:A
解析:句意:布朗先生是一个很谨慎的投资者,他在购买一家船运公司的500股股份前仔细研究了市场。cautious“谨慎的”;potential“潜在的”;funny“滑稽的”;private“私人的”。
13.TheInternetis beatingouttelevisionforviewers’choice.NowmorepeoplesaytheywouldratherhaveInternetaccessthantelevision.?
A.abruptly B.apparently
C.occasionally D.narrowly
答案:B
解析:句意:就观众的选择来看,互联网明显打败了电视。现在更多的人说他们更愿意有网络连接而不是有电视。apparently“显然”,符合句意。abruptly“突然地,唐突地”;occasionally“偶尔,偶然”;narrowly“勉强地”。
14.Ispendmysparetimevolunteeringforananimal-rescuegroup schoolwork.?
A.farfrom B.apartfrom
C.insteadof D.regardlessof
答案:B
解析:句意:除了学校功课之外,空闲时我去动物营救队做志愿服务。apartfrom“除……之外(还)”,符合语境。farfrom“远离,远非”;insteadof“(用)……代替,(是……)而不是”;regardlessof“不管,不顾”。
15.StudentswithhighIQsdonotnecessarilyhaveadvantages thosewithlowIQsinacademicachievements.?
A.from B.over
C.to D.for
答案:B
解析:句意:那些拥有高智商的学生不一定就比那些拥有低智商的学生在学术成就上更有优势。haveadvantagesoversb.为固定短语,意为“比某人更有优势”。
三、C组
1.(2017·天津和平区二模,2)This product contains no colors;only natural substances are used.?
A.commercial B.beneficial
C.official D.artificial
答案:D
解析:句意:这种产品不包含人工色素,只用了天然的材料。commercial“商业的”;beneficial“有益的”;official“官方的”;artificial“人造的”。D项符合句意。
2.(2017·天津和平区二模,3)If you any mistakes in the article,just mark them with a pencil.?
A.make B.repeat
C.spot D.ignore
答案:C
解析:句意:如果你在这篇文章中发现了任何错误,就用铅笔标注一下。make“制造”;repeat“重复”;spot“发现,找到”;ignore“忽略”。C项符合句意。
3.(2017·天津和平区二模,8)Planning so far ahead makes no —so many things will have changed by next year.?
A.sense B.room
C.choice D.effort
答案:A
解析:句意:提前这么长时间计划毫无意义——到明年很多事情将会发生改变。makenosense表示“毫无意义”,符合句意。room“空间”;choice“选择”;effort“努力”。
4.Thosewhoarenot withtheprogresstheyhavemadewillworkharder.?
A.proud B.afraid
C.popular D.content
答案:D
解析:句意:那些对自己的进步不满意的人会更加刻苦。proud“自豪的”,通常用于短语beproudof“为……自豪”;afraid“害怕的”,beafraidof“对……害怕”;popular“流行的,受欢迎的”,bepopularwith“受……欢迎,在……中流行”;content“满意的”,becontentwith“对……满意”。
5. yourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedsuchhardworkintime.?
A.Inspiteof B.Butfor
C.Thanksto D.Asfor
答案:B
解析:句意:要不是你的帮助,我们不可能及时完成这么艰难的任务。inspiteof“虽然,尽管”;butfor“要不是”;thanksto“幸亏,由于”;asfor“至于”。根据句意可知应选B项。
6.In much of the animal world,night is the time for sleep—pure and simple.?
A.set aside B.set down
C.set off D.set up
答案:A
解析:句意:在大部分的动物世界里,夜晚纯粹是用来睡觉的时间。setaside“留出来;把……放置一旁,不理会”;setdown“放下,写下,记下”;setoff“出发;引爆”;setup“建立”。pureandsimple“纯粹的,十足的”。根据句意可知应选A项。
7.Some funds will be used to the market and to increase investment in start-up technology companies.?
A.stretch B.spread
C.expand D.improve
答案:C
解析:句意:一些资金将被用于开拓市场和增加对新兴技术公司的投资。expand意为“扩大,扩展”,与market搭配,表示“开拓市场”,符合语境。stretch“伸展,拉长”;spread“扩散,传播”;improve“改进,提高”。
8.Weallthoughtourhardtrainingwouldpayoffandwewouldgetfirstprizeinthedancingcompetition,butitdidn’tquite asexpected.?
A.makeout B.workout
C.putout D.giveout
答案:B
解析:句意:我们都以为我们的努力训练能有所回报,在舞蹈比赛中拿一等奖,但是事情并没有如我们料想的那样进展顺利。workout意为“进展顺利”,符合语境。makeout“应付;看透,弄懂”;putout“熄灭,扑灭”;giveout“分发”。
9.Thesegeneralrulesoffirstaidcan whicheverkindofemergency.?
A.turnto B.referto
C.contributeto D.applyto
答案:D
解析:句意:这些基本的急救规则能适用于任何一种紧急情况。applyto意为“适用于”,符合语境。turnto“转向”;referto“涉及”;contributeto“有助于”。
10.Dozensoffamilymembersofthevictim atthegateoftheembassyrequestingareportwithconcreteevidenceoftheaccident.?
A.collected B.removed
C.separated D.gathered
答案:D
解析:句意:受害者的几十个家庭成员聚集在大使馆门前,要求给出带有这次事故的具体证据的报告。此处表示“聚集”,要用gather。collect“收集”;remove“移除”;separate“(使)分开”。
11.Somepeoplesuggestthatpedestrianswho trafficlightsshouldreceiveawarningorafineofatleast50yuan.?
A.disobey B.disturb
C.distract D.dispute
答案:A
解析:句意:有些人建议,那些不遵守交通信号灯(指令)的行人,应该受到警告或被处以不低于50元的罚款。根据句意可知,应该选择disobey,意为“违抗,不服从”。disturb“妨碍,打扰”;distract“转移(注意力),使分心”;dispute“对(某事)表示异议,争论”。
12.When I was pushed onto the stage,I felt all the eyes in the hall me.?
A.through B.across
C.into D.on
答案:D
解析:句意:当我被推上舞台时,我觉得大厅里所有的目光都聚焦在我身上。on“在……上”,符合句意。
13.NomatterhowmanytimesMikesaysitwasanaccident,Ibelievehe triedtoknockmedown.?
A.voluntarily B.deliberately
C.randomly D.cautiously
答案:B
解析:句意:无论迈克说多少次那是一次意外,我都认为他是故意把我撞倒的。voluntarily“自愿地,主动地”;deliberately“故意地”;randomly“随机地,任意地”;cautiously“小心地,谨慎地”。
14.Afterwinningthesingingcompetition,shethoughtherself intheneighborhood.?
A.none B.anyone
C.everyone D.someone
答案:D
解析:句意:在赢得那场歌唱比赛之后,她认为自己在邻里之间是个重要人物。someone“(某行业或某地方的)重要人物,大人物”。
15.—Jack,didyoupickupyourclothesfromthelaundrytoday?
—No,mybrotherstoppedfor onhiswayhome.?
A.none B.it
C.them D.ones
答案:C
解析:句意:——杰克,你今天从洗衣房取你的衣服了吗?——没有,我弟弟在回家的路上帮我取走了。此处指代clothes,做介词for的宾语,故用them。
专题能力训练二 单项填空(二)(动词形式类)
一、A组
1.(2017·天津河东区一模,9)The quarrel to the fight started from their disbelief in each other.?
A.led B.to lead
C.having led D.leading
答案:D
解析:句意:导致这场打斗的争吵开始于他们相互之间的怀疑。分析句子结构可知,“Thequarrel tothefight”为句子的主语,此处应用动词-ing形式做后置定语修饰Thequarrel,故选D项。?
2.(2017·天津和平区二模,7)I’ll have all of the essays by the end of this term if my plan goes well.?
A.completing B.to complete
C.completed D.being completed
答案:C
解析:句意:如果我的计划进展顺利,我将于本学期末完成所有的论文。动词complete与theessays之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用其过去分词形式做后置定语修饰theessays。havesth.done结构表示使某事被做。故选C项。
3.AplaneofAirAsiacrashedintothesea, allthepassengersonboard.?
A.kill B.killing
C.killed D.tokill
答案:B
解析:句意:亚洲航空公司的一架飞机坠毁在大海中,飞机上的乘客都遇难了。kill做结果状语,与前面这句话是主动关系,而且表示必然的因果关系。
4. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left .?
A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying
C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied
答案:A
解析:句意:一个好的故事不一定非得有一个愉快的结局,但是,不能让读者感到不满意。空格处做主语thereader的补足语,表示“感到不满意的”,故用unsatisfied。
5. in running for head of the department,which most colleagues had not expected,made her parents very upset.?
A.Lucy was defeated B.Lucy being defeated
C.Lucy’s been defeated D.Lucy’s being defeated
答案:D
解析:句意:露茜竞选部门经理失败了,这是她的大多数同事都没有预料到的,这也使得她的父母很难过。“ inrunningforheadofthedepartment”是主语,谓语部分是madeherparentsveryupset,所以要用动词-ing形式的复合结构做主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构做主语时,动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是Lucy’s,而不是Lucy。?
6. to everyone the importance and value of these historic sites,the government has strengthened regulations to protect them.?
A.To stress B.Stressing
C.Having stressed D.Stressed
答案:A
解析:句意:为了给每个人强调这些历史遗址的重要性和价值,政府已经加强了保护它们的规定。此处不定式表目的,故选A项。
7. in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the money in the car.?
A.Waiting B.Having waited
C.To wait D.To have waited
答案:B
解析:本句中动词wait与句子主语theoldman构成主动关系,所以使用动词-ing形式做状语。而且这是一个已经发生的动作,所以使用动词-ing形式的完成式havingdone。句意:排队等了半个小时,老人突然意识到他把钱忘在车里了。故B项正确。
8.This winter,one of the largest snowstorms hit many areas.?
A.recording B.recorded
C.being recorded D.to record
答案:B
解析:句意:今年冬天,记载中最强的一次雪暴袭击了很多地区。分析句子,可知空格中的词要用于修饰名词snowstorms,根据句意可知应用过去分词表示被动。故选B项。
9. in the center of the town,the shopping mall is crowded with hundreds of customers every day.?
A.Locating B.Located
C.Having Located D.To locate
答案:B
解析:句意:这家超市坐落于镇中心,每天挤满了几百名顾客。belocatedin...是固定短语,意为“坐落于……”,被动形式表示主动意义。做状语或定语时,去掉be动词。
10.Peopleworldwidehavealotincommoninwhattheyneedmostif aloneonadesertedisland.?
A.left B.toleave
C.leaving D.havingleft
答案:A
解析:句意:如果被独自留在一个荒无人烟的岛屿上,全世界的人们在最需要什么的问题上有许多共同之处。people和leave构成逻辑上的动宾关系,表示人们是被留在岛上的,故用过去分词形式表被动。
11.Overonethousandstudentsattendedthesportsmeeting, itthemostwonderfuleventinourschool.?
A.tomake B.made
C.making D.beingmade
答案:C
解析:句意:超过1,000名学生参加了运动会,这使得它成为我们学校最精彩的活动。分析句子结构可知,此处表示主动,且在句中充当结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,故用making。
12.Theyhurriedlyendedtheirmeeting,leavingnoagreement .?
A.tobereached B.reaching
C.reached D.toreach
答案:C
解析:句意:他们匆忙结束了会议,没有达成任何共识。reachanagreement“达成协议,达成共识”。reach和agreement之间为被动关系。tobereached表示将来,而会议已结束,是过去,因此leavingnoagreement后面的宾语补足语应选用过去分词表示被动和完成。
13.Languageisalwayschanginganddeveloping,otherwisewe wordstodescribetelevision,washingmachines,orcomputersnow.?
A.don’t B.hadn’thad
C.wouldn’thave D.wouldn’thavehad
答案:C
解析:由语境和otherwise(否则)可以看出,第一个逗号后是一个含蓄条件句,且此处表示与现在事实相反的情况,故谓语动词应用would/could/might/shoulddo。
14.Someso-calledclimatetravelers inoneplaceforafewmonthsandthenmoveontosomeotherplacesastheweatherchanges.?
A.havestayed B.arestaying
C.stay D.stayed
答案:C
解析:句意:一些所谓的气候旅行者在一个地方待几个月,然后当气候变化时,他们迁移到别的地方。这是一个客观陈述,应用一般现在时,故选C项。
15.Withhouseprices sofast,wecanaffordanapartmentthatisbiggerandbetterwithaparkcloseby.?
A.beingfallen B.falling
C.tofall D.fallen
答案:B
解析:句意:由于房价下跌得很快,我们能够买得起一套大一点、条件好一点且靠近公园的公寓了。本句考查的是with复合结构在句中做原因状语,houseprices与动词fall构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式。
二、B组
1.(2017·天津河东区一模,13)—Why are they pulling down the house?
— a new parking lot.?
A.Build B.To build
C.Building D.Built
答案:B
解析:句意:——他们为什么在推到房子啊?——为了建一个新的停车场。完整的答句应为“Theyarepullingdownthehousetobuildanewparkinglot.”。此处用动词不定式结构表示目的,故选B项。
2.(2017·天津和平区二模,10)We didn’t play football yesterday.The match .?
A.is canceled B.was canceled
C.has canceled D.had canceled
答案:B
解析:句意:我们昨天没有踢足球。比赛取消了。由didn’t及yesterday可知此处表示过去的情况,用一般过去时,且match与cancel之间为被动关系,故选B项。
3.(2017·天津耀华中学一模,3)“Things never come back again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself.?
A.lost B.losing
C.to lose D.have lost
答案:A
解析:句意:我情不自禁地自言自语:“失去的东西再也不会回来了!”动词lose与前面的名词things之间为被动关系,即东西被丢失,故用动词的过去分词形式做后置定语修饰things,选A项。
4.(2017·天津耀华中学一模,5)—If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy,I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
—What a pity!Tina here to see you.?
A.is B.has been
C.would be D.was
答案:D
解析:句意:——要是交通没有那么拥堵,我本可以六点钟就回来的。——真可惜!蒂娜来这里看望你了。此处表示蒂娜曾经来过,但是现在已经不在了,为过去的情况,故用一般过去时,D项正确。
5.(2017·天津红桥区一模,4)We are invited to a party in our club next Friday.?
A.to hold B.to be held
C.held D.being held
答案:B
解析:句意:我们被邀请参加将于下周五在我们俱乐部举办的聚会。此处应用不定式表示将来,故排除C、D两项。动词hold与其所修饰的名词party之间为被动关系,故应用被动语态,排除A项。故选B项。
6.—Doyouhaveanyproblemifyou thisjob??
—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary...
A.offer B.willoffer
C.areoffered D.willbeoffered
答案:C
解析:问句句意:如果你得到了这份工作,会有什么问题吗?这是一个条件状语从句,需要用现在时表示将来,而且offer与主语you是被动关系,故用areoffered。
7.He if he planned to retire,but he didn’t want to give an answer until his baseball career was finished.?
A.was always being asked B.has always been asked
C.was always asking D.always asked
答案:A
解析:句意:他总是被别人问道他是否打算退役,但是,他想等到他的棒球生涯结束的时候才回答这个问题。此处指过去习惯性的行为。过去进行时与always连用可表示这种情况。
8.Thatistheonlywaywecanthinkof theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathroom.?
A.reducing B.toreduce
C.reduced D.beingreduced
答案:B
解析:句意:为减少学生浴室过度用水,这是我们能想出的唯一的办法。这里用不定式短语toreducetheoveruse...修饰theonlyway。
9.—Doyouregret upyouropinionthateverychildshouldtakepartinservicelearning??
—No.Onthecontrary,Ithinkitisverynecessary.
A.bringing B.tobring
C.tobebrought D.beingbrought
答案:A
解析:句意:——你后悔提出每个孩子都该参加服务学习的观点吗?——不。相反,我认为这非常有必要。regretdoingsth.“后悔干了某事”。
10.—Mr.Li is expecting to buy a BMW car.
—I see.By next year,he enough money for it.?
A.has saved B.will save
C.will have saved D.had saved
答案:C
解析:句意:——李先生一直期待购买一辆宝马汽车。——我知道。到明年他将已经存够买它的钱。根据语境及“Bynextyear”得知空处要用将来完成时,故选C项。
11.Ifyou tomewhenwefirstheardthenews,youwouldbearichmannow.?
A.listened B.wouldlisten
C.hadlistened D.werelistening
答案:C
解析:句意:如果当我们第一次听到这个消息的时候,你听我的话,你现在就是个富人了。此处表示的是对过去情况的假设,故应用过去完成时。
12.—It’sapitythatTomdidn’tmeettheguests.
—Yes,Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests whenhearrivedattheparty.?
A.hadleft B.wereleaving
C.left D.haveleft
答案:A
解析:句意:——汤姆没见到这些客人真是遗憾。——是的,当他到达晚会现场时,大部分客人已经走了,汤姆感到很失望。根据句意,客人离开是发生在汤姆到达(arrived)晚会之前的动作,即“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
13.Ifyoudon’tlikethiscolouryou ,justleaveitandtryadifferentone.?
A.chose B.arechoosing
C.willchoose D.hadchosen
答案:A
解析:句意:如果你不喜欢你选的颜色,就把它放下,试试另一种。选颜色是发生在过去,已经完成了的动作,因此,用一般过去时或现在完成时,故选A项。
14.Anewhigh-speedrailisbeingbuiltthroughourcityandit’llbeaccessibletotheresidentswhen nextyear.?
A.completed B.beingcompleted
C.tobecompleted D.completing
答案:A
解析:此处是时间状语从句的省略结构,补充完整为whenit’scompletednextyear。在时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
15.Theshopassistantscarriedonchatting,asiftheyhadn’tseenthecustomerswho tobeserved.?
A.wouldwait B.werewaiting
C.havewaited D.arewaiting
答案:B
解析:句意:这些售货员继续聊天,仿佛没有看见正等着被招呼的顾客。根据句意可知,空处应用进行时;因主句为一般过去时,所以此处应用过去进行时。
三、C组
1.—What do you think of Betty?
—Lovely,though she be naughty sometimes.?
A.should B.must
C.can D.need
答案:C
解析:句意:——你认为贝蒂如何?——很可爱,尽管她有时候会很调皮。should“应该”;must“一定是,必须”;can“可能,能够”,表示推测时,如果用在肯定句中,表示“有时可能”。need“需要”。根据句意,可知选C项。
2.It’s high time we some actions to prevent pollution.?
A.take B.took
C.taking D.is taking
答案:B
解析:句意:到了我们行动起来防止污染的时候了。It’shightime(that)...从句中的谓语常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的情况。
3.—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood?
—Next to nothing.How I wish I harder at English.?
A.have worked B.were working
C.would work D.had worked
答案:D
解析:答句句意:几乎没听懂。我多么希望以前更努力地学英语啊。wish从句中表示对过去的虚拟,用haddone。故选D项。
4.My cousin insisted that she to Australia for further study.But the company refused her application.?
A.sends B.will be sent
C.be sent D.would be sent
答案:C
解析:句意:我的表姐坚持她要被送去澳大利亚深造。但这个公司拒绝了她的申请。由insist,order,demand,require等引导的that-从句中,谓语要用shoulddo形式,而且should可以省略。根据句意,可知选C项。
5.Theearthquakevictimswereallprovidedwithenoughclothesandfood,withoutwhichthey fromcoldandhunger.?
A.wouldsuffer B.wouldhavesuffered
C.willsuffer D.hadsuffered
答案:B
解析:句意:地震灾区受害者被提供了足够的衣服和食物,没有这些,他们就会遭受饥寒之苦了。withoutwhich是与过去事实相反的主观假设,句子则要用wouldhavedone形式。
6.—Shall the bike be repaired by him today?
—No,I’d rather he it repaired tomorrow.?
A.has B.had
C.have D.would have
答案:B
解析:wouldrather后面跟从句时,常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的主观愿望。
7.—Hey,whereareyou?
—Attherailwaystation.Mytrain at8:30inthemorning.?
A.leaves B.isleaving
C.willhaveleft D.willleave
答案:A
解析:空格所在句的意思是“我的火车早晨8:30出发”。按时刻表预测飞机、火车出发和到达的时间,常用一般现在时表示。
8.Theycouldhaveattendedtheawardingceremony,buttheirflight duetothebadweather.?
A.wasdelaying B.hadbeendelayed
C.hasdelayed D.wasdelayed
答案:D
解析:delay“拖延,使……耽搁”,是及物动词,与主语theirflight是被动关系,排除A项和C项。由前面的couldhaveattended...but...可知此处要用一般过去时,故D项是最佳答案。
9.Inthedarkness,shefelt ,butwhensheturnedaround,nobodywasthere.?
A.tofollow B.following
C.beingfollowed D.tobefollowed
答案:C
解析:句意:在黑暗中,她觉得有人跟踪她,但当她转过身时,却没有人。felt是系动词,后面跟表语,follow与主语she是被动关系,而且表示正在进行,故用动词-ing形式的被动语态。
10.—Howlong inourschool??
—Forjusttheweekend.IamdueforaforuminHainannextMondaymorning.
A.areyoustaying B.haveyoustayed
C.didyoustay D.doyoustay
答案:A
解析:根据回答部分可知,问句的意思是“你打算在我们学校待多长时间?”故用现在进行时表将来,表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
11.Mike will become the first person in his family college education.?
A.finished B.having finished
C.finishing D.to finish
答案:D
解析:句意:迈克将成为他家里第一个完成大学教育的人。thefirstperson后用不定式做后置定语。
12. opinionsontheschedule,wefinallyreachedanagreement.?
A.Havingexchanged B.Exchanging
C.Exchanged D.Toexchange
答案:A
解析:句意:就日程安排交换过意见之后,我们最终达成了协议。由语境可知,先交换意见,后达成协议,即空格处所表示的动作先于句子谓语动词的动作,而且逻辑主语we和exchange之间为主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式的完成式,选A项。
13.Maggieranbacktothekitchen,eggs carefullyinherhands.?
A.tobeheld B.held
C.wereheld D.holding
答案:B
解析:句意:玛吉小心翼翼地双手捧着鸡蛋跑回厨房。逻辑主语eggs和动词hold之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词。
14.—Youlookratherdowntoday.
— toboardthe4:20flight,youknow,Idarednotclosemyeyes.?
A.Havingreminded B.Beingreminded
C.Reminded D.Reminding
答案:C
解析:句意:——你今天看起来情绪很低落。——你知道,被提醒4:20登机,我不敢合眼。句子主语I和动词remind之间为被动关系,且动作已经完成,故选C项。
15.Themanagerisbusypreparingforthemeetingthewholeday,occasionally afewminutes’rest.?
A.having B.had
C.tohave D.havinghad
答案:A
解析:句意:经理一整天都在忙于准备会议内容,只是偶尔休息几分钟。此处用动词-ing形式表示主动关系,在本句中做伴随状语。
专题能力训练五 单项填空(五)(单项填空综合训练)
一、A组
1.(2017·天津卷,6)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.?
A.regard B.is regarded
C.are regarded D.regards
答案:B
解析:句意:如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被认为是最全面的锻炼形式之一。本句的主语是cycling,因此谓语动词用单数形式;cycling与regard之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态。当“AalongwithB”结构出现在句首时,谓语动词的形式应与A保持一致。类似的词(组)还有with,togetherwith,ratherthan,aswellas等。故选B项。
2.(2017·天津河东区一模,2)This is our contribution to world of the 21st century, world of independence and mutual understanding.?
A.the;a B./;a
C.a;the D.the;/
答案:A
解析:句意:这是我们对21世纪世界的贡献,一个独立的、互相理解的世界。第一个空填the,名词后有修饰成分时其前应加定冠词the;第二个空填a,是泛指“一个独立的,互相理解的世界”。故选A项。
3.—Aren’tyoucold?
— .I’mboilinghot.?
A.Farfromit B.Takeiteasy
C.That’sallright D.Notalittle
答案:A
解析:句意:——你不冷吗?——一点儿也不冷。我很热。farfromit“远非这样,远不”;takeiteasy“别紧张,不着急”;that’sallright“没关系,不客气”;notalittle“非常”,根据语境选A项。
4.Lastweek,mybrotherwasappointed chiefengineeroftheproject,whichwillbecompletedin 18-monthperiod.?
A.a;an B.the;the
C./;an D./;the
答案:C
解析:句意:上周,我哥哥被任命为这项工程的总工程师,该工程要用18个月的时间来完成。第一空不用冠词,因为chiefengineer在此做主语补足语,表示一个职务,前面不加冠词;第二空表泛指,应用不定冠词an。故选C项。
5.—WhatareyourplansforThanksgiving,Todd?
—Oh,it’sa inmyfamilytogotomygrandpa’shouseandhaveabigdinnerthere.?
A.culture B.rule
C.tradition D.principle
答案:C
解析:句意:——你感恩节有什么计划,托德?——哦,到我祖父家聚餐是我们家族的一个传统。tradition“传统”,符合语境。culture“文化”;rule“规则”;principle“原则”。
6.—Wherewouldyouliketogothissummervacation?ShanghaiorBeijing?
— .Iwouldliketokeepmyparentscompanyathome.?
A.Either B.Neither
C.None D.Both
答案:B
解析:句意:——今年暑假你想去哪里?上海还是北京?——哪儿也不去。我想在家陪父母。根据答语中的“Iwouldliketokeepmyparentscompanyathome.”可知,答话者两个地方都不想去,故选B项。
7.RobinsonCrusoe escapedfromthelonelyislandandmadehiswaytoEngland.?
A.constantly B.eventually
C.gradually D.relatively
答案:B
解析:句意:鲁滨孙·克鲁索最终逃离了孤岛,并前往英国。constantly“不断地,时常地”;eventually“最终”;gradually“逐渐地”;relatively“相当地,相对地”。根据句意可知,eventually最佳。故选B项。
8. theshortageoftime,thechairmandecidedthateachcandidateshouldfinishthespeechwithin5minutes.?
A.Inviewof B.Incontrastto
C.Intermsof D.Inpreferenceto
答案:A
解析:句意:由于时间紧张,会议主席决定每个参赛者应在5分钟之内完成演讲。inviewof表示“由于,鉴于”;incontrastto“与……形成对比”;intermsof“就……而言”;inpreferenceto“优先于……”。
9.Isuggestthatyoureturnthecartoourcompanytonight, isalwaysopen,ifyoudon’twanttopayforanotherday.?
A.where B.that
C.which D.what
答案:C
解析:句意:如果你不想多付一天的钱的话,我建议你今晚把车还给我们公司,我们公司一直营业。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词ourcompany,且在定语从句中充当主语,故应用关系代词which。
10.Iwasboredstayinghereforyears, whetherIshouldtrysomeplacedifferent.?
A.wondered B.towonder
C.wondering D.wonder
答案:C
解析:句意:在这里待了很多年,我感到厌倦了,我考虑自己是否应该到某个不同的地方尝试一下。分析句子结构可知,此处用动词-ing形式做伴随状语。
11.Evenstudentswhodobadlyinphysicscannaturally thenameofEinsteinwiththeTheoryofRelativity.?
A.share B.compare
C.associate D.distinguish
答案:C
解析:句意:甚至连物理成绩很差的学生也能很自然地把爱因斯坦的名字和相对论联系起来。associateAwithB为固定短语,意为“把A和B联系起来”。
12.Manyyoungladiesinthestreethave theirsummerdressesinlatespring.?
A.putout B.broughtout
C.stoodout D.pickedout
答案:B
解析:句意:大街上的许多年轻女性在晚春就已经把她们夏季的衣服拿出来(穿上)了。bringout“带出,拿出,取出”,符合语境。putout“熄灭,出版”;standout“突出”;pickout“挑选出,辨认出”。
13.Don’tyouknow,mydearson, itisyourgoodbehaviornotyournaughtinessthatwelove??
A.who B.which
C.that D.what
答案:C
解析:句意:亲爱的儿子,难道你不知道我们爱的是你良好的举止而不是淘气吗?mydearson是插入语,空处引导宾语从句做know的宾语,且在从句中不做任何成分,故用that引导。
14.Itmademylittlesistersadthatherfriendnever,ashe ,cametotakehertoAmerica.?
A.promised B.hadpromised
C.waspromising D.haspromised
答案:B
解析:句意:使我小妹伤心的是,她的朋友从来也没有像他承诺的那样来把她带到美国去。主句是一般过去时,promise是发生在made之前的动作,是“过去的过去”,因此用过去完成时。
15.Accordingtothecontract,allthegoods bepaidincashnotbycreditcard.?
A.need B.shall
C.will D.can
答案:B
解析:句意:根据合同,所有货物应用现金而不是用信用卡支付。shall用于第三人称,在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应该,必须”。
二、B组
1.(2017·天津红桥区二模,2)I often have chat with my friends on phone in my spare time.?
A.a;the B.the;不填
C.the;the D.a;不填
答案:A
解析:句意:在我的空闲时间,我经常给我的朋友们打电话聊天。考查习语中冠词的使用。haveachatwithsb.表示“与某人聊天”,onthephone表示“打电话,在电话上”。故选A项。
2.(2017·天津红桥区二模,14)If I time,I would certainly go to the movies with you,but I have a lot of work to do.?
A.had B.have
C.will have D.had had
答案:A
解析:句意:如果我有时间,我定会和你一起去看电影,但是我有好多工作要做。由句意及动词have可知此处是对现在情况的假设,故用一般过去时,A项正确。
3.(2017·天津和平区二模,14)It wasn’t a serious accident.The car was only damaged.?
A.heavily B.slightly
C.nearly D.narrowly
答案:B
解析:句意:这不是个严重的事故。汽车只是轻微受损。heavily“猛烈地,沉重地”;slightly“轻微地”;nearly“几乎,差不多”;narrowly“勉强地”。B项符合句意。
4.(2017·天津和平区二模,15)I wish I her the news and then she wouldn’t be worried now.?
A.don’t tell B.didn’t tell
C.haven’t told D.hadn’t told
答案:D
解析:句意:我多么希望我没有告诉她这个消息,那样她现在就不会担心了。此处为虚拟语气,由句意可知是对过去情况的假设,应用过去完成时,故选D项。
5.(2017·天津耀华中学一模,13)—Why are you so upset,Doctor White?
—The project didn’t as we had expected.It was such a waste of time!?
A.settle down B.work out
C.come about D.turn up
答案:B
解析:句意:——怀特博士,您为何如此沮丧?——这个项目没有如我们所预期的那样进展顺利。真是很浪费时间啊!settledown“安定下来”;workout“进展顺利”;comeabout“发生,出现”;turnup“出现;找到;调高”。B项符合句意。
6.(2017·天津河西区三模,12)After a day’s work,I went to the restaurant near my company to have dinner,only to be told that it .?
A.is decorated B.was decorated
C.was being decorated D.is being decorated
答案:C
解析:句意:工作了一天以后,我去我们公司附近的餐馆吃晚餐,结果却被告知餐馆正在装修中。根据句意可知此处表示去餐馆时餐馆正在被装修,故应用过去进行时,故选C项。
7.—Youmusthavehadagoodtimeatthepartylastnight,didn’tyou?
— .Actually,itwaskindofboring.?
A.Oh,great B.Isupposeso
C.Notreally D.That’sOK
答案:C
解析:句意:——昨晚的聚会你一定玩得很开心,是吧?——其实不是。实际上,有点无聊。oh,great“哦,太棒了”;Isupposeso“我觉得是这样”;notreally“实际上不是的”;that’sOK“好吧”。
8.Theyoungcouplearetryingtosaveasmuchaspossible theycanaffordaflatbytheendofnextyear.?
A.sothat B.eventhough
C.incase D.asif
答案:A
解析:句意:为了明年年底能买套房子,这对年轻夫妇在尽可能多地攒钱。sothat“因此,目的是,结果是”;eventhough“尽管,即使”;incase“以防”;asif“好像”。根据句意选A项。
9.The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with of nature.?
A.ones B.this
C.those D.that
答案:C
解析:句意:这个问题应该谨慎处理,以便平衡人的需要和大自然的需要。此处代指前文已出现的“theneeds”,表特指,所以要用those来代替。
10.—TomhadagapyeartravellingtoseveralAsiancountriesaftergraduatingfromhighschool.
—Howdidhe itwithoutthesupportfromhisparents??
A.adapt B.witness
C.approve D.manage
答案:D
解析:句意:——汤姆高中毕业后,在上大学的前一年去了亚洲的好几个国家旅行。——没有父母的支持,他是怎么做到这一点的?manage意为“成功地做了某事,完成(困难的事),应付(困难的局面)”,符合语境。
11. withtheperformanceofthenewcar,themandecidedtobuyitimmediately.?
A.Satisfied B.Satisfying
C.Tosatisfy D.Beingsatisfied
答案:A
解析:句意:这个男子对这辆新车的性能很满意,决定立即买下它。besatisfiedwith意为“对……满意”,此处satisfied为过去分词做状语,表示主语的状态。
12.Manyworkersfindthemselvesinpositions theyhavetoundergomoreworktraining.?
A.where B.which
C.when D.what
答案:A
解析:句意:许多工人发现他们得接受更多的工作培训。此处是一个定语从句,当先行词为case,condition,situation,position,point,stage等名词表示情况、方面、处境、位置等时,定语从句要用关系副词where引导。故选A项。
13.Ibelievethatlifeis youthinkitis.Sosmileatlifeanditwillsmileback.?
A.that B.how
C.what D.which
答案:C
解析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,youthink是插入语,可去掉,且表语从句缺少表语,要用what。句意:我相信生活就是你所认为的样子,所以微笑面对生活,它就会微笑面对你。
14.Sosad thatIcouldn’thelpcryingwhenIsawthechildrenwalkinginbarefeetinwinter.?
A.Iwasfeeling B.didIfeel
C.hadIfelt D.Ifelt
答案:B
解析:句意:看到冬天那些孩子们光着脚走路,我忍不住伤心地哭了起来。副词so位于句首引起部分倒装,根据从句中的“saw”可以看出时态为一般过去时。
15.Ifhe mecorrectadvice,I’msureIwouldhavemadeabigmistakeinmychoiceofcareer.?
A.hadgiven B.gave
C.didn’tgive D.hadn’tgiven
答案:D
解析:句意:如果他没有给我正确的建议,我确信在我的职业选择中我会犯个大错误。根据句意以及主句中的“wouldhavemade”可判断,这是和过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件状语从句中的谓语动词应为“had+过去分词”,结合语境应选D项。
三、C组
1.(2017·天津河西区三模,13)The news spread quickly through the village the war had ended, made villagers wild with joy.?
A.which;that B.that;what
C.that;which D.what;which
答案:C
解析:句意:战争结束的消息很快在村子里传开了,这使得村民们欣喜若狂。第一个空用that引导同位语从句,做news的同位语;第二个空用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子的内容。故选C项。
2.(2017·天津南开区四模,5) the effect of culture shock,he is trying to read a lot about it before going to France for further study.?
A.To reduce B.Reduced
C.Reducing D.Having reduced
答案:A
解析:句意:为了减少文化冲击的影响,他正努力在去法国深造之前多读一些相关的内容。此处用动词不定式表示目的,故选A项。
3.(2017·天津南开区四模,8)I think her opinion ,because she is an experienced teacher.?
A.numbers B.calculates
C.figures D.counts
答案:D
解析:句意:我认为她的建议值得考虑,因为她是一位有经验的教师。number“计数”;calculate“计算”;figure“计算;惹人注目”;count“有价值,值得考虑”。故选D项。
4.—WouldyoupleasetellmethewaytotheDayanPagoda?
— .?
A.Goahead B.No,thanks
C.Withpleasure D.Mypleasure
答案:C
解析:句意:——你能告诉我去大雁塔的路吗?——荣幸之至。goahead“去吧,开始吧”;no,thanks“不用了,谢谢”;withpleasure“荣幸之至,很愿意”,用于表示客气地接受或同意别人的请求;mypleasure“别客气,不用谢”,用来回答对方的感谢。根据句意可知应选C项。
5.Thecitygovernmenthaspromisedthatitwillseektosolvetheproblem .?
A.onceandforall B.onceuponatime
C.onceinawhile D.allatonce
答案:A
解析:句意:市政府承诺他们会寻求办法彻底地解决这个问题。onceandforall表示“彻底地,最终地”;onceuponatime“从前”;onceinawhile“偶尔”;allatonce“突然;同时”。根据句意选A项。
6. IamalwaysworkinghardinmyEnglish,Istillcan’tgetagoodmarkinthetest.?
A.If B.As
C.Because D.Though
答案:D
解析:句意:虽然我总是很努力地学习英语,但我依然不能在测试中考一个好分数。though在此引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”。
7.Don’thesitatetomakeadecision, you’llletsuchagoldenopportunityslipthroughyourfingers.?
A.and B.or
C.but D.so
答案:B
解析:句意:做决定别犹豫,否则你将错过一个千载难逢的机会。该句是一个固定句型,即“祈使句+and/or+简单句(将来时态)”,结合句意可知,此处为“否则”之意,故选B项。
8.Butforbeingremindedbymymother,I myflightforShanghailastSaturday.?
A.hadmissed B.missed
C.wouldhavemissed D.wouldmiss
答案:C
解析:句意:要不是母亲提醒我,上周六我就错过了飞往上海的航班了。根据句中的“Butforbeingremindedbymymother”及“lastSaturday”可知此处是与过去事实相反的假设,因此谓语应用would/could/might/shouldhavedone形式。
9.Theoldman,over90yearsold,issaidtohavebeensenttohospital, withbirdflu.?
A.beinginfected B.havinginfected
C.havingbeeninfected D.tobeinfected
答案:C
解析:句意:据说这位90多岁的老人感染了禽流感,已被送往医院。beinfectedwith是固定搭配,表示“感染”,又因感染禽流感是发生在被送往医院之前的动作,故此处应用动词-ing形式的完成被动式,故选C项。
10.Itis tobelievethatthenumber13bringsbadluck,whilethenumber8bringsmoney.?
A.abnormal B.absurd
C.unbelievable D.unsuitable
答案:B
解析:句意:相信数字13会带来不幸而数字8会带来财富是荒谬的。根据句意,应选择absurd“荒谬的”。abnormal“反常的,变态的”;unbelievable“难以置信的,惊人的”;unsuitable“不合适的,不适宜的”。
11.Hostingacharityconcertoutdoorsisnot amatterofpublicityorcost,butsecurityhastobetakenintoaccountaswell.?
A.equally B.partly
C.merely D.mainly
答案:C
解析:句意:举办一个户外慈善音乐会不仅仅事关宣传和经费,安全问题也必须考虑在内。merely表示“仅仅”,符合语境。equally“平等地”;partly“部分地”;mainly“主要地”。
12. allthepeopleonboard,nomorethan10passengerssurvivedtheshipwreck.?
A.Among B.With
C.Besides D.For
答案:A
解析:句意:在所有船上的人员中,仅仅10名乘客在沉船事故中幸存下来了。among“在……之中”。
13.The Internet has expanded the use of credit cards, them the number one preferred method of payment next to cash.?
A.having made B.to make
C.making D.made
答案:C
解析:句意:互联网扩展了信用卡的使用,使其成为除了现金之外最受人们喜爱的支付方式。分析句子结构可知,theInternet与make之间存在主动关系,此处应用动词-ing形式短语做结果状语,故答案为C项。
14.Clevermarketingandhardwork —thecompany’sprofithitamilliondollars.?
A.tookoff B.cameabout
C.carriedout D.paidoff
答案:D
解析:句意:巧妙的市场营销和辛勤的劳作奏效了——公司利润达到了一百万美元。payoff“取得成功,奏效”;takeoff“脱掉,起飞,突然成功(流行)”;comeabout“发生”;carryout“实施,执行”。
15.—I’mtryingtofigureouthowtoincrease salesofthismonth.?
—Whydon’tyouaskfor otherstaff’sopinions??
A./;/ B./;the
C.the;/ D.the;the
答案:D
解析:第一个空填the,特指本月的销售量;theotherstaff’sopinions指其他员工的意见,这里是特指,故用定冠词the。
专题能力训练四 单项填空(四)(交际用语类)
一、A组
1.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,16)—No words are strong enough to express our thanks for your coming.
— ?
A.It’s a pity. B.It’s my pleasure.
C.With pleasure. D.Never mind.
答案:B
解析:问句句意为:没有什么语言足以表达我对你到来的感谢。It’sapity“真可惜”;It’smypleasure“不客气;这是我的荣幸”,用于答复别人的感谢;Withpleasure“我很乐意”,用于表示愿意为对方效劳;Nevermind“没有关系,不要放在心上”。根据句意可知选B项。
2.—Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.
— .Whateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme.?
A.It’suptoyou B.Gladtohearthat
C.Youcan’tmissit D.Itjustdepends
答案:A
解析:句意:——接下来,你想做什么?离着篮球赛还有半个小时呢。——由你做决定吧,不管你想做什么,我都行。用A项表示“由你做决定”。
3.—Can I speak to Ken?
— I’ll go and see if I can find him.?
A.Take your time. B.Hang on a minute.
C.Who’s that? D.Of course.
答案:B
解析:这是一个打电话找人的情景,第二个人的话应该是“等一会,我去看看我是否能找到他”。打电话时用Hangonaminute表示“请稍等”。Takeyourtime用来安慰对方,意为“慢慢来”;Who’sthat?用于打电话中,意为“你是谁?”
4.—Excuse me,could you tell me where I could make a call?
—Sorry,I’m a stranger here.
— .?
A.Thanks a lot B.That’s a pity
C.Thanks anyway D.I’m sorry to hear that
答案:C
解析:这是一个请求帮助的情景。对方由于刚到这儿,也不知道路,所以请求帮助的人说:Thanksanyway.“不过,还是感谢您。”
5.—Chris,howaboutgoingtoaseafoodrestaurant?
— !ItoldyouIdon’tlikethesmelloffish.?
A.Whatever B.Notagain
C.Youbet D.Nowonder
答案:B
解析:句意:——克里斯,去海鲜餐馆怎么样呀?——再也不去了,我告诉过你我不喜欢鱼的味道。whatever“无论什么”;youbet“没问题”;nowonder“难怪”。
6.—Hello!ThisisCGVboxoffice.
—Hello!I’dliketobooktwoticketsfortonight’s3Dmovie.
— .?
A.Ofcourse,please B.Atyourservice
C.Mypleasure D.Amoment,please
答案:D
解析:前一句的意思是“我想订两张今晚3D影片的票”。回答应该是“请稍等”。A项意为“当然了”;B项意为“随时为你效劳”;C项意为“不客气”;D项意为“请等一会儿”。
7.—IsthisthewaytotheCapitalStadium?
—Yes.It’sjustaroundthecorner. .?
A.Youcan’tmissit B.JustasIthought
C.Ican’tagreemore D.That’snotthecase
答案:A
解析:句意:——这是去首都体育馆的路吗?——是的,就在拐角的地方。你不会错过的。B项意为“正如我想的”;C项意为“我再同意不过了”;D项意为“情况不是这个样子的”。
8.—Youseemtohavelostyourway. ??
—Yes,Iwanttogotothenewly-openedcomputercenter.
A.Needhelp B.Whyso
C.Whatareyoulookingfor D.What’swrong
答案:A
解析:问句句意:你似乎迷路了,需要帮助吗?A项意为“需要帮助吗”;B项意为“为什么那样呀”;C项意为“你在找什么”;D项意为“出什么事了”。由“Yes”可知选A项。
9.—Doyouthinkitishottoday?
— ,butnotashotasyesterday.?
A.No,notatall B.Yes,kindof
C.Extremely D.Frequently
答案:B
解析:A项意为“不,一点也不”;B项意为“是的,有点儿”;C项意为“极端地”;D项意为“频繁地”。句意:——你认为今天热吗?——是的,有点儿,但是没有昨天热。
10.—Youmustfindsuchlonghoursverytiring.
— —Ienjoyit.?
A.Notyet B.Don’tmentionit
C.Notintheleast D.Icouldn’tagreemore
答案:C
解析:句意:——你一定觉得那么长的时间令人非常厌烦。——一点儿也不,我喜欢这样。notyet“还没有”;don’tmentionit“不用谢,没关系,不谢,无足挂齿”;C项意为“一点儿也不”;D项意为“我再同意不过了”。
11.—CouldImakeit14thJuly?
— .?
A.Youcanmanageit B.That’sfinewithme
C.Notabitofit D.Goaheadwithit
答案:B
解析:句意:——我可不可以把日期定在7月14日?——我没意见。A项意为“你能够应付过来的”;B项意为“我没意见”;C项意为“一点儿也不”;D项意为“开始吧”。
12.—It’ssonicetofinallyhaveawarm,sunnyday!
— !NowI’mexpectingourpicnicthisweekend.?
A.Youcancountonme B.You’vegotme
C.Younameit D.Youcansaythatagain
答案:D
解析:句意:——太好了,终于等到阳光明媚的日子了。——你说对了,现在我正盼着周末我们去野餐呢。A项意为“你可以相信我的”;B项意为“你可把我难住了”;C项意为“凡是你说得出的”;D项意为“你说对了”。
13.—OurfamilyaregoingtoHawaiiforaholiday.
— .Itsbeachisveryattractive.?
A.You’recrazy B.It’sallright
C.You’relucky D.It’ssurprising
答案:C
解析:句意:——我们一家人准备去夏威夷度假。——你真够幸运的。夏威夷的海滩非常迷人。A项意为“你真是疯了”;B项意为“没关系”;C项意为“你真幸运”;D项意为“真是奇怪”。
14.—DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?
— Ifeelabitcold.?
A.Ofcoursenot. B.I’dratheryoudidn’t.
C.Goahead. D.Whynot?
答案:B
解析:句意:——我打开窗户你介意吗?——我宁愿你别那样。我觉得有点冷。A项意为“当然不介意”;B项意为“我宁愿你别那样”;C项意为“开始吧”;D项意为“为什么不”。
15.—Thescarfisnice,butthepriceisalittlebithigh.
— ,butifyouwantgoodquality,youhavetopaymore.?
A.Nowonder B.Nodoubt
C.Nooffence D.Noproblem
答案:C
解析:句意:——这条围巾真好看,但是价格有点儿高。——没有冒犯你的意思,但是如果你想要高质量,就要多付钱。nowonder“难怪”;nodoubt“毫无疑问”;nooffence“没有冒犯你的意思”;noproblem“没有问题”。
二、B组
1.(2017·天津河东区一模,1)—I can’t repair these until tomorrow,I’m afraid.
—That’s OK,there’s .?
A.no problem B.no wonder
C.no doubt D.no hurry
答案:D
解析:句意:“——我恐怕得到明天才能修好这些。”“——可以。不着急。”noproblem“没问题”;nowonder“难怪”;nodoubt“毫无疑问”;nohurry“不着急”。考查交际用语,D项符合句意。故选D项。
2.(2017·天津河东区二模,15)—Do you think I could borrow your bicycle?
— ?
A.How come? B.So what?
C.Yes,go on. D.Yes,help yourself.
答案:D
解析:问句句意为:你觉得我可以借你的自行车吗?Howcome“怎么可能”;Sowhat“那又怎样”;Yes,goon“是的,接着说”;Yes,helpyourself“可以,请自便”。D项符合句意。
3.(2017·天津高考压轴卷,20)—I’ve decided to compete in the race,but I’m afraid I won’t be the best.
— .You never know until you try.?
A.Enjoy yourself B.Go for it
C.Do as you like D.Take your time
答案:B
解析:句意:——我已经决定要完成比赛了,但是恐怕我不会是(成绩)最好的。——加油。你不试永远不会知道(结果如何)。Enjoyyourself“玩得开心”;Goforit“加油,大胆试一试”,符合句意;Doasyoulike“你想怎么做就怎么做”;Takeyourtime“别着急”。
4.(2017·天津红桥区二模,1)—I feel so upset.I’m afraid I’ll be fired for the terrible economic crisis.
— !Things are not so bad as they seem.?
A.Go ahead B.Good luck
C.No problem D.Cheer up
答案:D
解析:句意:——我感觉很心烦。恐怕我会因这场可怕的经济危机而被辞退。——振作起来。事情没有看起来那么糟糕。Goahead“说吧,开始吧”;Goodluck“祝你好运”;Noproblem“没问题”;Cheerup“振作起来”。D项符合语境。
5.(2017·天津红桥区二模,6)—It seems a little ugly to me.
— ,I think it’s rather beautiful.?
A.In other words B.On the other hand
C.On the contrary D.In a nutshell
答案:C
解析:句意:——在我看来它有点丑。——正相反,我认为它相当好看。Inotherwords“换句话说”;Ontheotherhand“另一方面”;Onthecontrary“正相反”;Inanutshell“总之”。C项符合语境。
6.(2017·天津红桥区一模,1)—I hope you don’t mind my turning on the heater.
— .?
A.Never mind B.Yes,I won’t
C.That’s right D.Not in the least
答案:D
解析:问句句意为:我希望你不介意我打开电热器。Nevermind“没关系,别放在心上”;That’sright“没错,就是那样”;Notintheleast“绝不,一点也不”。没有B项这样的结构。D项符合语境,故选D项。
7.—I’mleavingforParisthisafternoon.
— ?
A.Whatfor? B.Whocares?
C.Whyme? D.Howaboutyou?
答案:A
解析:依据题干可知,第一个人今天下午要去巴黎,那么对方则可以给他祝愿或者问他去巴黎的原因。A项意为“为什么”;B项意为“有谁在乎呢”;C项意为“为什么是我”;D项意为“你呢”。
8.—ShallItakeajacketwhenwegotothepark?
— ?Ifyoudon’tneedit,youcanleaveitinthecar.?
A.Whybother B.Whynot
C.Sowhat D.Whatfor
答案:B
解析:依据答语中的“Ifyoudon’tneedit,youcanleaveitinthecar.”可知,答话人认为有必要带着夹克到公园。A项意为“何必那么麻烦,没有必要”;B项意为“为什么不呢”;C项意为“那又怎样”;D项意为“为什么”。依据句意选B项。
9.—Don’tforgettoturnoffyourcomputerwhenleaving!
— .?
A.Ofcourse B.Notatall
C.Certainlynot D.That’sallright
答案:C
解析:句意:——当你离开时不要忘了关电脑!——当然不会。A项意为“一定,当然”;B项意为“一点也不,别客气”;C项意为“当然不会”;D项意为“不必客气,没关系”。根据语境可知答案为C项。
10.—Howareyougettingalong?Ihaven’tseenyouforages.
— Ihavemovedtothecountryside.?
A.I’montopoftheworld.
B.Fancymeetingyouhere.
C.Whatbroughtyouhere?
D.Howistheworldtreatingyou?
答案:B
解析:句意:——你近况如何?我已经好久没有见到你了。——没想到会在这里见到你。我已搬到乡下去了。A项意为“我开心得不得了,我高兴极了”;B项意为“没想到会在这里遇到你”;C项意为“什么风把你吹来了,你怎么在这儿”;D项意为“你最近过得怎么样”。结合语境,可知选B项。
11.—Youcoughsobadlyrecently.Giveupsmoking,please!
— .IthinkIamaddictedtoit.?
A.Farfromit B.Goodidea
C.Sofar,sogood D.Itcan’tbehelped
答案:D
解析:句意:——你最近咳嗽得太厉害了。请戒烟吧!——没有办法。我想我已经上瘾了。A项意为“远非如此”;B项意为“好主意”;C项意为“到目前为止,一切还算顺利”;D项意为“没有办法”。
12.—Itisreportedthatsomepopularstarsaretakingdrugs.
— !Iusedtospeakhighlyofthem.?
A.That’sOK B.Comeon
C.Whatashame D.Itdoesn’tmatter
答案:C
解析:句意:——据报道,一些当红的明星在吸毒。——真遗憾,我以前还经常赞扬他们。C项表示“真遗憾,多可惜啊”,符合语境。A项意为“没关系”;B项意为“快点;加油”;D项意为“没关系,无所谓”。
13.—Wegotthroughthemostdifficulttimeswiththeirhelp.
— .Thosedaysaregone.?
A.Yousaidit B.That’sterrible
C.Takeyourtime D.Keepitup
答案:A
解析:句意:——在他们的帮助下我们度过了最困难的时期。——你说对了。那些日子过去了。根据“Thosedaysaregone.”可知,对方同意说话人的观点,故选A项,表示“你说对了”。B项意为“那太可怕了”;C项意为“慢慢来”;D项意为“坚持下去”。
14.Tomkeepstellingusallthesmartthingshiskiddoes. ,he’sgettingusabitannoyed.?
A.Totellthetruth B.Inotherwords
C.Inbrief D.Tomakemattersworse
答案:A
解析:句意:汤姆一直给我们讲他孩子做得漂亮的事。说真的,他让我们有点儿烦了。A项意为“说真的”;B项意为“换句话讲”;C项意为“总之”;D项意为“更糟糕的是”。根据句意选A项。
15.—I’vetoldyoutotakearaincoat.See,you’vegotwetallthrough.
— .?
A.Ididn’tmeanthat B.Italldepends
C.Justmyluck D.You’vegotmethere
答案:C
解析:句意:——我已经告诉过你要带一件雨衣的。瞧,你已经浑身湿透了。——我的运气总是这么糟。C项意为“真倒霉,我的运气总是这么糟”,符合语境。A项意为“我不是这个意思”;B项意为“视情况而定”;D项意为“你可把我难住了”。
三、C组
1.(2017·天津和平区二模,11)—Do you want to join me on a ten-mile run?
— I feel so tired today.?
A.I think so. B.I’m not surprised.
C.Not likely! D.Of course!
答案:C
解析:句意:——你想跟我一起跑十英里吗?——没门儿!我今天感觉很累。Ithinkso“我也这么认为”;I’mnotsurprised“我并不惊讶”;Notlikely“绝不可能,没门儿”;Ofcourse“当然”。C项符合句意。
2.(2017·天津河西区三模,1)—Tom is a very hard-working student.
— .As far as I know,he often burns the midnight oil.?
A.You can say that again
B.I don’t think so
C.I’m sorry to hear that
D.You can’t be serious
答案:A
解析:句意:——汤姆是一个很勤奋的学生。——你说得太对了。据我所知,他经常挑灯夜读。Youcansaythatagain“你说得太对了;我同意你的观点”;Idon’tthinkso“我不这么认为”;I’msorrytohearthat“听到此事我很难过”;Youcan’tbeserious“你别开玩笑了”。由语境可知应选A项,表示强烈赞同。
3.(2017·天津南开区四模,1)—Thank you for your Kindle.I’ll ask Tony to take it back to you soon.
— .I’ve bought a new one.?
A.No sense B.No hurry
C.No way D.No use
答案:B
解析:句意:——谢谢你的Kindle。我将尽快让托尼拿回来给你。——不必着急。我已经买了一个新的。Nosense“没道理,没有意义”;Nohurry“不必着急”;Noway“没门儿”;Nouse“没用”。
4.—Ihopeyoudon’tmindmycuttingin.
— .?
A.Nevermind B.Yes,Iwon’t
C.That’sright D.Notintheleast
答案:D
解析:句意:——我希望你不介意我插话。——一点也不。根据语境可知选D项表示“一点也不(介意)”。
5.—Iamthinkingofthetesttomorrow.IamafraidIcan’tpassthistime.
— !Iamsureyouwillmakeit.?
A.Byallmeans B.Goodluck
C.Noproblem D.Cheerup
答案:D
解析:句意:——我正在想明天的考试,我害怕这次不能通过。——振作点(cheerup)!我确信你能行。byallmeans“可以,当然行,没问题”;goodluck“祝你好运”;noproblem“没有问题”,均不符合语境。故答案为D项。
6.—Howaboutgoingoutforabreak?
— .We’vebeenworkingforthreehours.?
A.Takeyourtime B.It’smypleasure
C.Comeon D.Itotallyagree
答案:D
解析:句意:——出去休息一下怎么样?——我完全同意。我们已经连续工作三个小时了。takeyourtime“慢慢来,别着急”;it’smypleasure“别客气,不用谢”;comeon“加油;快点儿”;Itotallyagree“我完全同意”。故答案为D项。
7.—How’syourprojectgoing,Jack?
— .I’mhalffinishedwithit.?
A.Sofar,sogood B.It’suptoyou
C.Nevermind D.Don’tbother
答案:A
解析:句意:——杰克,你的工程进展得怎么样了?——到目前为止一切顺利。我已经完成一半了。it’suptoyou“由你决定”;nevermind“不要紧,没关系”;don’tbother“别麻烦了”。
8.— ?Youlookreallydown.?
—I’msotiredofmyjob.Thereareendlessproblemstodealwith.
A.Whybother B.Sowhat
C.What’sup D.Whynot
答案:C
解析:句意:——怎么了?你看起来真的是很消沉。——我厌倦了我的工作,有无止境的问题要处理。由答句说明的情况可知,此处应用what’sup表示说话人询问对方“怎么了”。
9.—Skippingbreakfastisagreatwaytoloseweight.
— .Actuallyithastheoppositeeffect.?
A.Icannotagreemore B.That’snotthecase
C.That’sforsure D.I’mgladtoknowthat
答案:B
解析:句意:——不吃早餐是减肥的好方法。——事实并非如此。实际上它有相反的作用。Icannotagreemore“我非常同意”;that’snotthecase“事实并非如此”;that’sforsure“那是肯定的”;I’mgladtoknowthat“我很高兴知道那一点”。根据句意可知B项正确。
10.—IreallythoughtIwouldpassthatjobinterview.
—Anyway, .?
A.betterlaterthannever B.betterlucknexttime
C.alliswellthatendswell D.wellbegunishalfdone
答案:B
解析:句意:——我真的认为我能通过那次求职面试的。——不管怎么样,下次好运吧!A项意为“迟做总比不做好”;C项意为“最后结果好就是圆满的”;D项意为“良好的开端是成功的一半”。故B项为正确答案。
11.—Tom,couldyougivemeahandinthefollowingexam?
— .Momwon’tallowmetodosuchcrazythings.?
A.Noproblem B.It’sapleasure
C.Forgetit D.Mypleasure
答案:C
解析:句意:——汤姆,你能在接下来的考试中帮我吗?——不可能,我妈妈不让我做这样发疯的事。根据答句后面说明“妈妈不让做”可知,此处应用forgetit“不可能,休想”。A项表示“没问题”;B项表示“不用谢”;D项表示“乐意效劳”。故C项正确。
12.—Jack,howcanIturnonthisiPad?
— ?
A.Allowme! B.Sowhat?
C.Holdon. D.Nothingmuch.
答案:A
解析:句意:——杰克,我怎么打开这个iPad?——让我来。allowme“让我来”符合语境。sowhat“那又怎样”;holdon“坚持;稍等,别挂电话”;nothingmuch“没什么”。
13.—Tomisaveryhard-workingstudent.
— .AsfarasIknow,heoftenburnsthemidnightoil.?
A.Youcansaythatagain B.Idon’tthinkso
C.Iamsorrytohearthat D.Youcan’tbeserious
答案:A
解析:句意:——汤姆是非常刻苦的学生。——你说得非常对。据我所知,他经常熬夜。Youcansaythatagain“你说得对极了”符合题意。
14.—Sorry,it’salready6o’clock.Ihavetobeoffforanappointment.
—OK. .Seeyou.?
A.Itcouldn’tbebetter B.You’vegotmethere
C.Let’scallitaday D.Takeyourtime
答案:C
解析:句意:——对不起,已经六点了,我得离开去参加一个约会了。——好的,今天就到这吧,再见。A项意为“非常赞成”;B项意为“你可把我难住了”;C项意为“今天就到此为止”;D项意为“别急,慢慢来”。根据语境可知C项正确。
15.—Shirleywon’tlikeit,youknow.
— ?Idon’tcarewhatshethinks.?
A.Sowhat B.Whynot
C.Whatfor D.Howcome
答案:A
解析:句意:——你知道,雪莉不会喜欢的。——那又怎么样?我不在乎她想什么。A项意为“那又怎么样”;B项意为“为什么不”;C项意为“为什么”;D项意为“怎么回事”。
