课件20张PPT。专题二十一 概括主旨和要义-1-考情概览
主旨大意题要求考生概括出文章主旨、标题,或者文章中某一段落的大意或标题,主要考查考生对文章内容整体把握的能力,即考查考生的归纳总结能力。要回答好主旨大意题,考生必须有很强的概括能力或者归纳能力,要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句,要分清主旨和细节。概括出来的中心意思一定要覆盖全文或者整个段落,绝对不可太笼统、离题太远或者以偏概全。阅读时要注意抓住文章开头的主题句,把握关键词和文章最后的结论。注意文章标题可以是完整的句子,可以是简洁的短语,也可以用问句的形式。-1-1.主旨归纳
这种问题要求在把握好全文或某一段内容的基础上,对文章或段落的主旨大意进行归纳。常用的命题方式有:
What is the text mainly about?(No more than...words)
What is mainly discussed in the text?(No more than...words)
What advice is given in the...paragraph?(No more than...words)
在进行主旨归纳时,应该首先看一看文章首尾段是否对全文进行了归纳,如果是这样,我们通过归纳文章首尾段就能得到文章的主旨;如果上述情况不存在,我们就需要对全文进行归纳总结。在归纳文章主旨时,一定要注意紧扣能够体现文章主旨的关键词。
常用的回答形式有:①名词短语/动词-ing短语;
②What/How/Whether+从句/to...;
③Why +名词性从句-1-【典例分析】 [2]So,when Ashley was sixteen,she launched her own website,called GooseHead.She had no idea how big a success it would be,but three years later,the site was the most successful teen site in the USA!It was getting 100,000 hits every day,and Ashley had about 30 employees.
What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?(No more than 6 words)
_______________________________________________________
Ashley’s GooseHead was a big success. 本段说的是Ashley创办网站,后面的叙述都是在说网站的成功,关键词是success,由此可得出答案。-1-2.标题归纳
这种题型非常类似于阅读理解中的标题选择题,即要求考生在整体把握全文的基础上,用最简洁的语言归纳文章的标题。常用的命题方式有:
What would be the best title for the text?(No more than...words)
标题归纳和主旨归纳在本质上是一样的,因此一篇阅读表达不可能同时出现两种题型,其方法也跟主旨归纳相似,考生可以首先找一找句子的主题句,如果有主题句,可以对主题句稍作加工;如果没有主题句,就需归纳全文。注意:在归纳文章标题时,一要注意扣准能够体现文章主旨的关键词,二要语言简洁,富有吸引力和特色。-1-ABC[1]Each spring brings a new blossom of wildflowers in the ditches (路沟) along the highway I travel daily to work.
[2]There is one particular blue flower that has always caught my eye.I’ve noticed that it blooms only in the morning hours,for the afternoon sun is too warm for it.Every day for approximately two weeks,I see those beautiful flowers.-1-ABC[3]This spring,I started a wildflower garden in our yard.I can look out of the kitchen window while doing the dishes and see the flowers.I’ve often thought that those lovely blue flowers from the ditches would look great in that bed alongside other wildflowers.Every day I drove past the flowers thinking,“I’ll stop on my way home and dig them.” “Gee,I don’t want to get my good clothes dirty...” Whatever the reason,I never stopped to dig them.My husband even gave me a folding shovel (铲子) one year to be used for that expressed purpose.
[4]One day on my way home from work,I was saddened to see that the highway department had moved the ditches and the pretty blue flowers were gone.I thought to myself,“Way to go,you waited too long.You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring.”-1-ABC[5]A week ago we were shocked to know that my oldest sister-in-law has a terminal brain tumor (脑瘤晚期).She is 20 years older than my husband and unfortunately,because of age and distance,we haven’t been as close as we all would have liked.
[6]I couldn’t help but see the connection between the pretty blue flowers and the relationship between my husband’s sister and us.I do believe that God has given us some time left to plant some wonderful memories that will bloom every year for us.?
[7]And yes,if I see the blue flowers again,you can bet I’ll stop and transplant them to my wildflower garden.-1-ABC1.What did the author see every morning this spring?(No more than 8 words)
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2.Why didn’t the author carry the flowers home at last?(No more than 12 words)
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3.How did the author feel when the flowers were gone?(No more than 5 words)
?She saw one particular blue flower. The flowers were gone because of the construction work.She felt regretful/sorry/bad. -1-ABC4.What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 6?(No more than 20 words)
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5.What do you learn from the text?(No more than 15 words)The author realized that she would meet her relatives as often as possible and treat them kindly.(Open.) We should grasp the chance to do what we want to.-1-ABCWhere would any of us be if we went to schools where no competition was allowed?How would we know whether we have the ability to be good at a sport or other things?How would we know whether we are making the right effort or whether we are wasting our time?How would we learn the concept of improving our performance?How would we know about setting and meeting goals?
Competition serves so many purposes.Competition sets many people on the right path towards understanding what it takes to win.Competition can tell a student when more work,more time or improved studying strategies are needed to catch up with other students who achieve higher grades and better results from their study programs.-1-ABCChildren learn through competition that desires and hard work may not be enough to win recognition,higher grades or rewards.There are times when students must learn that they may not be able to excel(突出) in certain sports or academic areas.Everyone can,however,do their best to support their teams in other ways,even though they are not the star of the team.
Students would move on to areas where they are showing advantages and can excel.Competition will force them to stop putting their time into trying to meet inappropriate goals.
Unfair competition exists somewhere,but it can teach students about the realities of the world ahead of them.Most importantly,they can get the good lesson that no one can escape being punished for cheating or lying in competition.-1-ABCIt would be impossible to eliminate all competition from a child’s school experience.There is no benefit to sending a young person into a world with no lessons learned from competition.-1-ABC1.What is the main idea of the text?(No more than 8 words)
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2.How can competition help students achieve higher grades?(No more than 15 words)
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3.What lesson can students learn from unfair competition?(No more than 12 words)Competition in school is beneficial to students. By making students know when more work,more time or improved studying strategies are needed.They will be punished if they cheat or lie in competition.-1-ABC4.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “eliminate” in the last paragraph?(No more than 3 words)
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5.In your opinion,what is the benefit of competition?(No more than 25 words)Remove./Get rid of. Competition can help us know our advantages and disadvantages so that we can set proper goals.-1-ABCShe had to pack up her bedroom in Virginia Beach,where she lived with her mother,two sisters and brother.She had to say goodbye to her two dogs,who used to sleep in her bed,and to the beach,where she loved to ride waves on her boogie board.
But it was time to take the leap,however heartbreaking and awkward it would be.Even at 14,Douglas knew that.
So off she went about 1,200 miles to West Des Moines,Iowa,to train with a coach from China and live with a white family she had never met.When she arrived,Douglas thought that she must be the only black person in the state.When she woke up,she always said,“This isn’t my bed set.Where am I?”-1-ABCLiang Chow,who had coached the Olympic gold medalist Shawn Johnson,transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world,helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.And a couple with four young daughters became her second family,nurturing her in Iowa while her real family supported her from afar.
That move also was important in Douglas’s making history.By winning the Olympic all-round title,she became the first black woman to do so.She also became the fourth American woman to win the all-round,following Mary Lou Retton in 1984,Carly Patternson in 2004 and Nastia Liukin in 2008.-1-ABCDouglas won,scoring 62.232 points,and led the competition from beginning to end.Viktoria Komova,who sobbed into her coach’s chest when she learned she had lost,won the silver,with 61.973 points.Aliya Mustafina,the 2010 world all-round champion,won the bronze with 59.566 points.The other American in the competition,Aly Raisman finished fourth after losing a tiebreaker(决胜局) to Mustafina.
Douglas said she had felt confident all along that she would win.“It was just an amazing feeling,” she said,giggling(咯咯笑).“I was just like,believe,don’t fear,believe.” After sacrificing(牺牲) so much,she had no other choice but to push forward,she said.-1-ABC1.Why did Douglas leave her home at 14?(No more than 10 words)
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2.How did she feel when Douglas first arrived at the new home?(No more than 5 words)
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3.What does the underlined word “skyrocket” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?(No more than 3 words)Because she needed training to be a gymnast. She felt uneasy. Soar./Rise rapidly./Increase suddenly/greatly. -1-ABC4.Is Douglas the first American woman who won all-round?Why do you think so?(No more than 15 words)
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5.What do you think of Douglas from the story?Give your reasons.(No more than 20 words)No,she isn’t.She is the first black woman to do so.She is strong-minded.After she won the game,she said “I was just like,
believe,don’t fear,believe.”课件19张PPT。专题二十三 陈述个人观点和态度-1-考情概览
此题属于开放性试题。要求考生在充分掌握文章内容的基础上,结合个人的主观经验,针对作者的观点和态度进行合乎逻辑的回答。因为此题考生可以发表自己的观点,有很强的主观性,故该题的答案无所谓对与错,只有回答水准的高与低,因此考生的答案必须言之有理,自圆其说,前后一致,符合逻辑。
常用的设题方式有:
What would you do if you...?
What do you think of...?Give your reasons.
In your opinion,why is...?
Please explain how you are...-1-开放性试题主要考查考生的思维能力、创新能力、分析能力以及表达能力。首先要把握作者的观点,然后针对问题的中心谈论自己的观点。观点要明确,不可模棱两可,避免偏激的观点,尽量与作者观点保持一致。语言要准确连贯,表达要规范,切忌出现错句、表达不清楚、条理不明的情况。-1-【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷)
In the years of my growing up,Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream,“ I hate you!” Dad would yell back,“Good!I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party,I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said,“ Call my dad.” Next thing,Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning,thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected,I got a roasting,but I now understand why I needed discipline.?-1-Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series,but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad,I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry,I’ve sometimes thought,“ I can’t do this any more.”
Once,after a trip to Hollywood,I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting,listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said,“Alice,I know it’s hard,but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot,which I love.We are both passionate about acting,which comes from us being so interested in people.If it weren’t for Dad,I wouldn’t be where I am today.He’s my biggest fan,and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.-1-60.What do you think of Alice’s father?Please explain.(no more than 20 words)
He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
Or:He is always supportive/a source of strength.Whenever she is in trouble,he is there for her.
本文主要讲述了在作者的成长过程中父亲的严格要求和谆谆教诲。父亲给作者立了很多规矩,如要整理床铺、做作业、不准酗酒等。作者小时候痛恨父亲的这些规矩,有一次故意喝醉酒之后激怒父亲,结果如预想的一样遭到父亲的责骂。待作者长大后同父亲一样加入了影视行业,虽屡受挫折,但好在有父亲的支持与鼓励,使她始终坚持不懈。此题为陈述个人观点和态度的题目。回答此题时,应在充分掌握文章内容的基础上,结合个人的主观经验,对文章中的这位父亲做出合乎逻辑的评价。-1-ABCHave you ever wondered why you sometimes take an almost immediate liking to a person you have just met?We often get the first impression of a person based on the color of a person’s skin or the manner in which he or she is dressed.Meaning is conveyed not only by words or verbal(用语言的) languages but also by nonverbal communication systems,such as body behaviors.
Nonverbal communication is important because we use the action of others to learn about their affective emotional states.Our emotions are reflected in our posture,face,and eyes—fear,joy,anger or sadness—so we can express them without even saying a word.For this reason,most of us rely heavily on what we learn through our eyes.-1-ABCNonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for the first impressions.More importantly,those first messages usually influence the perception(观点、看法) of everything else that follows.Even how we select friends and lovers is grounded in first impressions with nonverbal communication.-1-ABCNonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related.It is based on different beliefs,religions,values and customs in different cultures.When,where,how,and to whom people display his or her specific nonverbal behaviors is greatly affected by culture and context.Culture determines what the appropriate nonverbal behavior is.For example,feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies.It may be appropriate in some countries for men to hug each other and for women to hold hands;in other countries these displays of affection may be shocking.Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication.What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another.One culture may determine that snapping fingers to call a waiter is acceptable;another may consider this gesture rude.-1-ABC1.What does the passage mainly talk about?(No more than 10 words)
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2.Why can we know a person’s feeling through his or her eyes?(No more than 15 words)
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3.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “conveyed” in Paragraph 1?(No more than 5 words)The importance of nonverbal communication. Because a person’s feeling can be reflected through his or her body languages.
/Because one’s emotions can be reflected through his or her eyes.Communicated/Made known/Expressed. -1-ABC4.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?(No more than 15 words)
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5.Do we need to pay attention to nonverbal communication?Why?(No more than 25 words)Each culture has its own specific interpretation on nonverbal communication.Yes.Because it reflects people’s emotional states,influences first impressions and is related to culture.-1-ABCWhen we were growing up in our grandparents’ home,Jack,my grandfather,was always in his room sitting in the chair and listening to the radio.The voices speaking from the metal box day and night,taught us that there was a larger world outside.He would roll the black dial(刻度盘) back and forth until the signal was clear.Then he would listen.
Now he is old and falls ill.When I went to visit him,he said to me,“I dislike the Internet.The problem is that we’re losing primary contact with each other.No more shaking hands.Everyone is so busy.We want too much and in the process of getting it we miss so much.”He stopped for a while.“It makes me lonely and sad.”Then he looked at me,“I just want to hear your voices.”-1-ABCI think of all the voices on the radio he has spent a lifetime listening to.I asked,“How did you become interested in radio?”“I don’t know,”he said.“It was another way to reach people.I was always interested in searching for a better signal,a clearer,more powerful signal that could communicate with someone somewhere.”
“And I’ll tell you another funny thing:you can electronically eliminate all kinds of noise from the signal,but you can’t remove natural noise caused by thunder and lightning,rainstorms,or snowstorms.”
He closed his eyes and smiled.“I was just thinking that in spite of all our technologies,maybe we haven’t progressed that far as human beings.We shouldn’t forget we still have the same basic needs.”-1-ABC1.What did Jack use to do in his room?(No more than 15 words)
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2.Why did Jack roll the black dial back and forth?(No more than 5 words)
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3.How is Jack feeling now?(No more than 10 words)He used to sit in the chair,listening to his radio. To find a clear signal. He is feeling lonely and sad. -1-ABC4.What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 4 mean?(1 word)
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5.What should you do to solve the problem of losing direct contact with others?(No more than 20 words)Remove. (One possible version)We should reduce the time we spend on the Internet and find more time to communicate with others.-1-ABC[1] After an exhausting swim practice on a cold winter evening,I received an invitation from my friend Lucy,asking me to attend a dance.At the top of the invitation,Young Angels was written across the page.Young Angels was organizing a dance to raise money for community service projects.I thought it was such a great idea that I not only wanted to attend it,but also wanted to become involved.
[2]This was over two years ago and since then,I have become a lead member in Young Angels of America.At each dance,teens not only have fun with their friends but are also informed about different charities.Knowing that I have taught others how they can get involved makes me feel satisfied and delighted.-1-ABC[3]The most memorable experience of my time in Young Angels was the Middle School Winter Dance in 2007,when we had a special child help organize the dance and participate in the event.This child was Lily.Lily had a dreadful disease that will eventually kill her.Lily had the best attitude towards life:she enjoyed every moment and made the best of it.Lily got me inspired to help others and never take any moment for granted.
[4] I now have a dream:I want to inspire as many children as possible to volunteer.So many kids don’t realize how easy it is to make a difference to the world.I am only 15 years old and I have organized over five events,getting nearly 1,000 children involved.I want to be the angel to inspire that passion in others to make the difference that I feel as I have made to my community.-1-ABC1.What’s the purpose of the dance organized by Young Angels?(No more than 8 words)
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2.How did the author feel about her influence on others?(No more than 6 words)
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3.What does the underlined word “dreadful” in Paragraph 3 mean?(1 word)To raise money for community service projects. She was/felt satisfied and delighted. Horrible/Terrible/Awful/Frightening/Fearful/Painful/Awesome/Deadly.-1-ABC4.What is the author’s dream?(No more than 10 words)
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5.What do you think of the author’s dream?(No more than 25 words) To inspire as many children as possible to volunteer.I think the author’s dream can inspire many children to take part in volunteer work and make a difference to the world.课件23张PPT。专题二十二 阐述写作意图-1-考情概览
写作意图题或态度推断题包含两个方面的内容,一是推测作者的写作意图或者态度,二是对文中的具体内容作出推理和判断。考生需要透过文字内容体会作者的态度、观点和说话的语气,从而准确判断作者的写作意图。考生还要分清文章的体裁,如果是议论文,一定要找准作者的论点;如果是说明文,一定要找出作者说明的中心。此外,考生还要根据文章的字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节、理解文章的寓意等。-1-1.推断写作意图
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意,而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳分析和总结的能力。
主要的设题方式有:
①What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
②What’s the purpose of the text?
③For what purpose does the author mention...in Paragraph...?
常用的回答方式有:
①To tell/show/inform us that...
②To give us useful tips/advice on how to...
③To encourage/persuade/warn us to do...-1-2.推断观点和态度
观点态度推断题考查考生是否理解作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上,对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别,关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写,对文章所交代的人物或者事情进行评判。主要设题方式有:
①What does the author really mean by saying...?
②Why does the author mention...?
③Which is the result of...?
④What kind of attitude does the author have towards the question?
⑤What does...imply?
⑥What can we learn from the text?-1-解答这类题目时,考生首先要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的线索,这是推理的前提和基础。其次,要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表及里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。同时,要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。最重要的是,要把握句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。还要体会文章的基调,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音,揣摩出作者的态度。回答要紧扣题目,语言既要完整,又要简洁,不要超过规定词数。-1-【典例分析】
[3]According to Science Daily,a new study predicts that by the year 2100,many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004,a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008,thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was destroyed in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes in Paragraph 3?(no more than 12 words)
_______________________________________________________-1-To show that major changes are taking place on the planet. 本题要求说出本段作者引用几起地震的例子的目的,需要根据上下文推测出作者的意图。纵观整个段落,本段中作者的主要观点是The planet itself has been showing signs of change.后面跟了一系列例子,都是为了证明作者的这个观点,所以使用这些例子的意图就比较明显了。-1-ABCI always do voluntary work in the hospital.As a patient visitor,my primary goal is to deliver quality services to patients and families.By providing companionship for patients in a sometimes lonely environment,I try my best to serve and help to diminish the loneliness and frustration patients may feel after staying in a hospital for a stretch of time for weeks or even months.-1-ABCEvery Saturday afternoon for three to four hours,with a list of patients who have requested a patient visitor service,I head up to the 5th,6th,or 7th floor to first visit my priority patients.At the nurse’s station,I kindly ask the nurses or the medical staff about the condition of the patients on that unit and confirm that the patients would like a visitor.After receiving an update from the nurse,I gently knock on the door of the patients and enter with a friendly “hello”.Then,I introduce myself and again politely ask if they would like a patient visitor.I usually try to prepare a few starting conversation topics such as the current news,sports scores and fun facts.However,the patients usually engage me first in an interesting conversation.-1-ABCWhen volunteering as a patient visitor,I spent a lot of time communicating one-on-one with patients.Individual patients had individual needs and possessed extraordinary personal stories.Therefore,I found every visit fascinating.From generous and kind patients,I have learned about their diseases and their course of treatment.Additionally,I learned about literature,life during the Great Depression and wilderness of Northern Minnesota.On the whole,not only did I learn about the hospital settings and system,but I learned about the diverse life of others.-1-ABCMany of the patients I have visited were truly inspiring and I always admire them for their strength.Although difficult,they were often willing to share their stories of pain,suffering,hopes and optimism.I realize that I am truly grateful and honored that they would share their personal stories with just a volunteer like me.-1-ABC1.What does the underlined word “diminish” in Paragraph 1 mean?(1 word)
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2.What are the topics the author prepares for the patients?(No more than 10 words)
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3.What did the author learn from her talking with the patients?(No more than 12 words)Reduce. The current news,sports scores and fun facts. She learned the hospital settings and system and diverse life of others.-1-ABC4.How does the author feel about the patients telling her their stories?
(No more than 8 words)
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5.What can you learn from the author’s story?(No more than 15 words)She feels truly grateful and honored. I realized that everyone can make a difference through doing voluntary work.-1-ABCDo you want to improve the way you study?Do you feel nervous before a test?
Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem.It seriously affects their ability to study,so do their test results.If so,use these tips to help you.
Study Techniques.You should always study in the same place.You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose.For example,when you sit on a sofa to study,your brain will think it is time to relax.Don’t watch TV while you are studying.Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way.Always try to have a white wall in front of you,so there is nothing to distract you.-1-ABCBefore sitting down to study,gather together all the equipment you need—apart from your textbooks,pens,pencils and knives and make sure you have a dictionary.If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying,store all your equipment in a box beside it.Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface.Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees.Be realistic and don’t try to complete too much in one study period.Finish one thing before beginning another.If you need a break,get up and walk around for a few minutes,but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.-1-ABCTest-taking Skills.All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test.Getting plenty of rest is very important.This means “do not study all night before your test”!It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan.Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months.Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure.Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration.Eat healthy food too.When you arrive in the examination room,find your seat and sit down.Breathe slowly and deeply.Check the time on the clock during the test,but not too often.Above all,take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.-1-ABC1.What is the author’s purpose of the passage?(No more than 15 words)
?
2.Please explain the underlined word “distract” in English.(No more than 5 words)
?
3.What shouldn’t you do when you take a break?(No more than 10 words)To introduce tips about how to study efficiently and how to take a test.Make less concentrated. Telephone a friend or have something to eat. -1-ABC4.What is the most important tip when you take an exam?(No more than 15 words)
?
5.Which tip do you think is useful to you?Why?(No more than 20 words)Don’t notice others and give your undivided attention to the test paper.Open. -1-ABCI went online to check if my pay was in my bank account.To my amazement I discovered that not only had I been paid,a company I’d never worked for had also paid me!I knew I’d have been beside myself if my own salary was not in my account,so I tried to get the money back to the right person.Easier said than done.?
The bank couldn’t help as it wasn’t a bank problem.The human-resource department at the company that paid me was unable to help as I didn’t have enough details.I rang the bank again.Thankfully I had a sympathetic call operator who gave me a name,so I again rang the company “Daniel”worked for.-1-ABCI expected the bank would contact me to arrange to take the money from my account and repay Daniel.I heard nothing for a month and the money remained in my account when Daniel called,explaining he’d tried to get back his money but had been unsuccessful as neither the bank nor his company felt it was their error.He had rung to ask if I could speak to the bank,but after chatting for a few minutes we realized we could probably fix this problem ourselves.-1-ABCWe decided I would take the money from my account and he would pick it up from me.Due to my busy job I was unable to meet Daniel personally but he left me a lovely bottle of wine in exchange for what was rightfully his.I never had any intention of keeping Daniel’s pay but red tape(烦琐手续) made it difficult to do the right thing.It all came down to two people being able to do what a huge bank and a large company couldn’t do — admit a mistake has occurred and fix it.-1-ABC1.How did the author react to the extra money in his bank account?(No more than 15 words)
?
2.The underlined phrase“beside myself”probably means .(No more than 2 words)?
3.How did the bank and the company respond to the problem?(No more than 10 words)He felt surprised and wanted to return it to the right person.Very angry/mad/crazyNeither the bank nor the company admitted their fault.-1-ABC4.What was the final solution to the problem in the end?(No more than 12 words)
?
5.Who do you think should be to blame?Why?(No more than 20 words)The author and Daniel solved the problem themselves.Students’ own answer. 课件24张PPT。专题二十 解释画线单词或句子意思-1-考情概览
此题要求考生结合主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测,还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法和语篇文脉关系等理解生词,猜测其含义。有些题目需要在较大的上下文范围甚至理解整个语篇的基础上进行猜测判断,以此考查考生根据上下文理解词汇或者句子含义的能力。考查形式为解释某个画线词、短语或者句子的含义。-1-1.根据上下文理解句子含义
(2017·天津卷)
In the years of my growing up,Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream,“ I hate you!” Dad would yell back,“Good!I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party,I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said,“ Call my dad.” Next thing,Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning,thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected,I got a roasting,but I now understand why I needed discipline.?-1-Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series,but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad,I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry,I’ve sometimes thought,“ I can’t do this any more.”
Once,after a trip to Hollywood,I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting,listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said,“Alice,I know it’s hard,but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”-1-Now I get to work with Dad a lot,which I love.We are both passionate about acting,which comes from us being so interested in people.If it weren’t for Dad,I wouldn’t be where I am today.He’s my biggest fan,and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
57.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?(no more than 5 words)
I got/was criticized/scolded. 由画线部分所在句子前的“thinking I would definitely be criticised”及“As expected”可知,作者如自己所预想的那样遭到了父亲的批评/责骂。-1-2.根据定义猜测词义
通过词汇后面给出的定义、同位语从句或同位语词组、定语从句等来确定词义。如果生词在文中直接被句子或段落解释,理解句子或段落本身就能推断出词义;构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号、冒号和括号等;定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用,据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。-1-【典例分析】
...
The job was strenuous—she could get to the end of a page,make a mistake on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again.For a number of years,Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.Three years ago,she took up proofreading(校对) at the CNIB’s word factory.
What does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean?(1 word)
_______________________________________________________
Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough. 根据破折号后面的“she could get to the end of a page,make a mistake on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again”可知,她可能进行到每页的结尾了,但最后一行出了错误,那么她就不得不重新做一遍。由此可知,这项工作非常难,而且让人疲劳。-1-3.根据逻辑关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中,有时会对两个事物或现象进行对比或类比性的描述,我们可以根据生词的反义词或同义词来猜测其意义。英语中表示对比关系的词(组)主要有unlike,not,but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast和while引导的并列句等;表示类比关系的词(组)主要有similarly,like,also,as well等。
在句子或段落中,若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系、替代关系等,我们可以根据这些逻辑关系推知生词的词义。-1-【典例分析】
Born in 1949,Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion.Like many young athletes,she had Olympic dreams,but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games.The disappointment didn’t stop her from going forward.Instead,she became interested in marathon swimming.A brilliant athlete,she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water.As a long-distance swimmer,she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion.
...
What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean?(1 word)
_______________________________________________________
Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/Challenges. 根据后面的“by distance,danger,cold,and exhaustion”可知,obstacle 意为“困难,障碍”。-1-4.根据上下文及生活常识猜测词义
我们可以根据文中与生词密切相关的句子,对生词进行合情合理且合乎上下文语境的推测,也可以根据生词后举出的有关例子进行适当归纳,猜测生词的词义。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义,这时就需要运用生活经验和常识确定词义。-1-【典例分析】
...
People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars.My answer is simple:because we’re curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.?
What does the underlined phrase“hole up”mean?(1 word)
_______________________________________________________
Stay/Remain/Live/Hide. 根据后面的“are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon”可知,这里的意思是不能总是待在同一个地方。-1-5.借助构词法来猜测词义
英语单词的构成方法主要有三种,即复合法、派生法和转化法。英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)、词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根前面或后面加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头、词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很容易地猜测出所构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:
super-(超),inter-(在……之间),-able(能……的),mini-(极少的,微型的),micro-(极微小的),re-(再,反复),co-(共同),post-(后),pre-(前),trans-(超越;转换),under-(在……之下;低于……;不足),-hood(状态;性质;时期),-ish(如……的;有点儿……的);-proof(防……的;……不能穿透的),-scope(……镜),-ship(身份;资格;权力;性质);-some(易于……的),-wards(向),un-(不;非),in-(不;非),im-(不;非),dis-(不),non-(不;非),-less(不;无),anti-(反;防)。-1-ABC(2017·天津和平区四模)
Be careful what you say around your dog.It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects,say researchers in Germany.The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child.Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).?
In one experiment,the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects.Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back.In four tests,Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right.As the dog couldn’t see anyone to get clues,the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.-1-ABCIn another experiment,the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew.The owner then told Rico to fetch the object,using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of 10 tests,suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法).A month later,Rico remembered half of the new names,which is even more impressive.
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog.For one thing,Rico is a border collie,a breed(品种) known for its mental abilities.In addition,the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.-1-ABCIt’s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say.Even if they do,they can’t talk back.Still,it wouldn’t hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then.You might just get a big,wet kiss in return!-1-ABC1.What’s the best title of the passage?(No more than 5 words)
A clever dog.
2.What do the underlined words “a border collie” in Paragraph 2 refer to?(No more than 10 words)
A breed/A kind of dog for its mental ability.
3.Why does Rico seem smarter than the average dog?(No more than 25 words)
Because it’s a breed known for its mental abilities and it has been trained since the age of 9 months.
4.What does the author advise us to do by saying “it wouldn’t hurt to sweet-talk...”?(No more than 10 words)
Be friendly to our dog./He advises us to be friendly to our dog.
5.Would you like to keep a dog as a pet?Why?(No more than 25 words)
Open.-1-ABC(2016·天津卷)
I’m a 34-year-old man,married,living in a nice house,and having a successful career as an educational consultant.But my life was not always so great.I had a learning disability from an early age.I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.Still,I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art.The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土).Here I learned my first important lesson:disabled as I was in language,I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.And my confidence came along.-1-ABCI got my next lesson from rock climbing.It was a fun thing but I was scared at the start.I soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing;it was practice.So I did it more.After about five years of climbing,I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall.I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time,you will get better at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.Every day I practiced reading and writing,which I used to avoid as much as possible.After two hard years,I was literate.?
Having gone through the long process with art,rock climbing,and reading and writing,now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown,hard,but interesting.-1-ABC1.What made the author’s school days difficult?(No more than 5 words)
(His) learning disability.Or:Having a learning disability.
Or:That he was learning disabled.Or:He had a learning disability.
2.Why did art give the author confidence?(No more than 10 words)
He could be smart and express himself with clay.
Or:Art could help him express himself without words.
Or:He could well express himself with clay/art.
3.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing?(No more than 15 words)
If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.
Or:The more you practice something, the better at it you will become.
Or:Practice makes perfect.Or:Practice leads to success.-1-ABC4.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4?(No more than 5 words)
I could read and write.
5.How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life?Put it in your own words.(No more than 20 words)
We should not lose heart in face of difficulties.If we work hard,we will find a way out.
Or:The author’s story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my life.
Or:We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination.-1-ABCWhen my friends went to college in great delight,I restarted my senior high school life.My spirits sank.Surrounded by strange classmates,I felt like I was in a maze and was sorry about myself.There were some complex feelings in my mind.I was frightened,nervous and lonely.
To make matters worse,I recalled my failure again and again,which put more pressure on me than I could bear.As a result,I was always feeling down during class time.
My teacher found me spiritless.One day he asked me to come to his office and told me about his attitude towards life:we might suffer from mistakes,but it’s important to learn lessons from them.All the pains and the embarrassing things we experience are part of the process.So keep your spirits up!At last,he added,“If you are optimistic,things you want may happen to you!”-1-ABCWarmth rushed through my soul.I suddenly found the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office.
With the teacher’s help,I eventually got over my depression.From then on,I no longer bowed my head and began smiling to my classmates.I would put up my hand confidently in class and play with my new friends in my spare time.Meanwhile,I was gradually embraced by my classmates.
Now faced with fierce competition,we all study hard because we know that every second counts.Moreover,there is an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect between us.I love my class;I love my classmates!-1-ABCTo be frank,I still have a thirst for my dream university,but I’m not afraid of failure because I can gain from it.With parents and teachers’ encouragement,I’m quite certain of my success and I’m sure I can fly high.-1-ABC1.Why was the writer in low spirits at the beginning?(No more than 10 words)
Because he could not go to college.
2.What did the teacher expect the writer to do?(No more than 10 words)
The teacher expected him to be optimistic.
3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?(No more than 15 words)
With the teacher’s help,he eventually got over his depression.
4.The underlined word “embraced” in paragraph 5 means . (No more than 5 words)?
accepted/welcomed
5.What does the writer think of failure now?(No more than 10 words)
He thinks he can benefit from failure.课件27张PPT。第四部分 阅读表达-1-命题规律备考策略阅读表达的测试目的是从多方位、多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。此题型不同于阅读理解,它重视语言的综合性和语境化因素,把语言知识放在实际的语境中考查,重视问题的真实性、情境性和应用性。它不仅要求考生理解文章,还需要考生用自己的语言表达出来,而且要受到词数的限制,因此,它比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性,更能体现对考生综合语言运用能力的考查。
阅读表达属于主观题,它能考查考生概括语言的能力、捕捉信息的能力、预测事实的推断能力以及自主创新的能力。该题型的优点在于既考查了考生的理解能力,又考查了考生的英语表达能力。它的另一个优点是开放性,这给了考生一个非常广阔的思维空间和表达空间。-1-命题规律备考策略一般来说,阅读表达所采用的文章比阅读理解篇章长度稍短,难度稍低。文章的选材贴近考生生活,时代感较强;体裁以说明、记叙、夹叙夹议等文体为主,所选取的篇章内容逻辑性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明,便于考生在阅读的基础上进行综合理解。高考对于该题型的考查主要有以下几种类型:1.理解捕捉具体信息;2.解释画线单词或句子意思;3.概括主旨和要义;4.阐述写作意图;5.陈述个人观点和态度。-1-命题规律备考策略2013~2017年高考英语天津卷阅读表达试题考点统计-1-命题规律备考策略 一、养成良好的阅读习惯,掌握一定的阅读技巧。要善于概括文章或者其中某个段落的主旨大意以及作者的写作目的,要善于分析和把握篇章的结构,推测作者的语气、态度和观点,捕捉文章的具体信息,理解特定环境中语言的含义。
二、养成主动思考的习惯。在平时的阅读中就要主动对文章的内容或者作者的观点进行讨论和评价,对文中的故事情节或者作者的思路进行预测,对作者的语气进行揣摩,形成主动思考的阅读习惯。
三、认真审题,准确表达。在回答题目之前要认真审题,判断问题的类型,弄清题目的要求。回答要有针对性,避免答非所问。注意问题后面的词数要求,要书写工整,表达准确。专题十九 理解捕捉具体信息-1-考情概览
这类题目一般要求考生结合文中某个方面进行解答,通常要求答案固定或者唯一,且可在文章中找到明确的答案或者依据,与阅读理解中的细节理解题类似。作者一般会通过运用事实、分析原因或者对比事物间的关系等加以论证自己的观点。-1-做该类题目时,首先要仔细地理解问题,明确问题问的是什么,然后按照题意进行寻读,找到文中的重要事实或细节,也就是快速准确地在文章中找到题目中所涉及的内容,主要是在问题中和文章中搜索相似的关键词,或关键句,这类题的答案一般都在文章中。从历年试题来看,这类题目可难可易,可深可浅。因此在解答这类题时,考生要格外谨慎。需要特别注意,一般不要用文章中的原句作为答案,因为一般的问题都不会那样直白。最好能对文章的细节信息进行简单加工和整合,形成自己的语言,然后简明扼要地写下来。注意写下的句子一定不要出现语法上的错误。这种命题形式非常灵活,往往对文章中的具体信息进行提问,通常用what,why,how等特殊疑问词进行提问。-1-常见的回答方式有:
①Why→Because
②What→句子、名词或动词-ing形式
③列举→名词、动词-ing形式
④How→By doing-1-【典例分析】(2017·天津卷)
In the years of my growing up,Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream,“ I hate you!” Dad would yell back,“Good!I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party,I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said,“ Call my dad.” Next thing,Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning,thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected,I got a roasting,but I now understand why I needed discipline.?-1-Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series,but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad,I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry,I’ve sometimes thought,“ I can’t do this any more.”
Once,after a trip to Hollywood,I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting,listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said,“Alice,I know it’s hard,but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”-1-Now I get to work with Dad a lot,which I love.We are both passionate about acting,which comes from us being so interested in people.If it weren’t for Dad,I wouldn’t be where I am today.He’s my biggest fan,and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.-1-58.What did Alice’s father do when she felt depressed?(no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________
He encouraged/comforted/inspired her. 由第四段中的“Dad sat me down and said,‘Alice,I know it’s hard,but it’s all about persistence.’”可知,当Alice感到沮丧时,父亲坐下来和她谈心,给她安慰与鼓励。
59.According to the last paragraph,what do Alice and her father have in common?(no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________
They are both passionate about acting and interested in people. 由最后一段中的“We are both passionate about acting,which comes from us being so interested in people.”可知答案。-1-ABC(2017·天津第一中学第四次月考)
On my first job as sports editor for the Montpelier Leader Enterprise(MLE),I didn’t get a lot of fan mail,so my attention was caught by a letter on my desk one morning.
When I opened it,I read:“Sweet piece of writing on the Tigers.Keep up the good work.”It was signed by Don Wolfe,the sports editor.Because I was a teenager(being paid the grand total of 15 cents a column inch),his words could not have been more inspiring.I kept the letter in my desk drawer until it got old.Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer,I would reread Don’s note and walk on air again.?-1-ABCLater,when I got to know him,I learned that Don made a habit of writing a quick,encouraging note to people in all walks of life.“When I make others feel good about themselves,”he told me,“I feel good,too.”
Over the years,I’ve tried to copy Don and write uplifting words.In a world too often cold and unresponsive,such notes bring warmth.
Why are positive note writers in such short supply?My guess is that many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious.They are afraid they will be misunderstood.Thus it may cause troubles and problems.And it sounds insincere on the phone.Also,writing takes time;it is far easier to pick up the phone.-1-ABCThe drawback of phone calls,of course,is that they do not last.A note attaches more importance to our well-wishing.It is a matter of record,and our words can be read more than once,savored(回味) and treasured,and they bring strength and love to us.
Today I sent a warm letter to my old boss.I don’t know if it will make his day,but it made mine.As my friend Don Wolfe said,“Making others feel good about themselves makes me feel good too”.-1-ABC1.What does the underlined part “walk on air” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?(No more than 5 words)
Become confident./Feel good about myself./Become uplifted.
2.According to the author,why aren’t people willing to write letters? (No more than 15 words)
Because they may be self-conscious,and writing may cause misunderstanding,and it takes time.
3.Why did the author write to his old boss?(No more than 15 words)
To encourage him,make him feel good and the same to the author himself.
4.What’s the text mainly about?(No more than 10 words)
The power of a letter from Don Wolfe.
5.Were you encouraged by anybody?And how?(No more than 25 words)
Open.-1-ABCNormally,I loved birthdays.When my son and three daughters were little,my husband,Charles,and I always made sure to have dinner,followed by a big cake and presents.
Later,when the kids grew up and lived in different states,they always called to wish me a happy birthday.But this year I could have skipped the whole day,knowing there was one call I wouldn’t be receiving,the one from my daughter Patty.She’d passed away unexpectedly just a month before.One thing which made me feel a little calm was a voice message that she’d left on my cell phone the night before she died,telling me she loved me.-1-ABCOver the following days I played her message of wishes over and over again,listening to the last words she said,“I love you very,very much,Mom.” Then,a couple of weeks before my birthday,while I was doing laundry,I accidentally dropped my phone in the washing machine.Quickly I pulled it out and dried it off,but when I checked my voicemail,Patty’s message was gone.I cried,heartbroken.Day after day I kept checking my voicemail,hoping Patty’s message would reappear.It never did.-1-ABCOn the morning of my birthday,I received my son’s wishes. However,all I wanted for my birthday was to hear Patty’s voice again.“Happy birthday.” Charles said,“let’s go out for dinner and a movie.It might help take your mind off things.” Charles was right.I turned off my phone,settled into my seat in the movie theater and let the film take me away.But the minute it ended I started thinking about Patty again.As we were walking out of the theater,I turned on my phone.It rang,signaling I’d gotten a voice message.Probably just my youngest daughter,Leslie,calling to wish me a happy birthday,I thought.?
I dialed up voicemail and the message began.It was Patty’s voice,clear as a bell,saying again,“I love you very,very much,Mom.”-1-ABC1.How did the family celebrate the author’s birthday when the children were young?(No more than 10 words)
By having dinner with a big cake and presents./They had dinner with a big cake and presents.
2.Why didn’t the author want to celebrate her birthday this year?(No more than 11 words)
Because she knew she couldn’t receive her daughter Patty’s call/wishes.
Or:Because her daughter Patty passed away and couldn’t send her wishes.-1-ABC3.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?(No more than 8 words)
It might help her forget sadness/sad things/Patty’s death.
4.What happened when the author was doing some washing one day?(No more than 15 words)
She accidentally dropped her phone into the washing machine and lost the voicemail from Patty.
5.What do you think of the story?Give your reasons in your own words.(No more than 20 words)
(Open.) I think it is moving/touching.Because whatever happens,the great love between parents and children still exists.-1-ABCThe only thing sweeter than finding a cupcake in your lunchbox is finding a loving,handwritten note.
When Skye Gould was in the sixth grade,her mother sent her to school each day with an inspiring note packed in her lunch.The notes varied in their message,but always contained a piece of “Lunchbox Letter Advice.” More than a decade later,as her master’s thesis(论文)for Ohio University’s School of Visual Communication,Skye used dozens of the letters to create the website “Advice from My Mom.” The site shares the notes and encourages others to think about effective advice they’ve received from their loved ones.-1-ABC “It was important to me and I loved getting them,” Gould told the media about the letters.“Rereading them for the first time for the project,I didn’t realize there were so many things that stuck with me.”
Stephanie Skylar,Gould’s mom,wrote her daughter more than 100 notes from 2003 to 2004,Gould said on her website.During this period,Skylar was working full-time and the notes allowed her to feel connected to her 12-year-old daughter when they were apart,and gave her confidence and advice.
“It’s a vulnerable(易受伤害的) time in any girl’s life.I wanted to implant positive messages in Skye’s head without sounding like a strict mom,” Skylar said.“I didn’t want her to fall into the pack with the others.I wanted her to be independent,strong and happy.”-1-ABCThe letters were successful in their mission.Gould earned her master’s degree earlier this month,and shared on her website that she is now working as a graphic designer in New York.“She’s kind and funny and it just turned out great,” Skylar told ABC about her daughter’s project.“Obviously those messages sunk in at some point;it just took 23 years to get it there.”-1-ABC1.When did Skye Gould’s mother begin to write notes to her?(No more than 10 words)
When Skye Gould was in the sixth grade.
2.Why did Skye Gould create the website“ Advice from My Mom”?(No more than 10 words)
To complete her master’s thesis.
3.Why did Stephanie Skylar pack an inspiring note in her daughter’s lunch?(No more than 15 words)
She wanted her daughter to be independent,strong and happy.
/She wanted to give her daughter positive messages.
4.What does the underlined word“implant” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?(No more than 5 words)
Pass on/Impart.-1-ABC5.What do you think of Stephanie Skylar’s notes to her daughter?Give your reasons.(No more than 30 words.)
They are very useful and powerful to her daughter.Not only did they help Skye Gould grow,but also helped her earn her master’s degree.专题能力训练十七 阅读表达(二)
A
(2017·天津南开中学5月模拟)
Reading with Rover is a reading program where children read to dogs.In addition to Reading with Rover,which is based on Washington state,there are many such reading programs around the country.The goal of all these programs is to improve the reading skills of children with reading problems by having children read to dogs.
When reading aloud in the classroom,many children with reading problems and poor reading skills feel frightened.They have little confidence in themselves and are afraid of being laughed at.They may also feel that reading is difficult,boring and stressful.However,when children read to dogs,reading becomes a fun and non-stressful experience for both the children and the dogs.Dogs don’t criticize,judge or laugh at the children’s reading ability.
Reading with Rover and other programs like it have been a huge success,resulting in improved reading skills for a significant number of participating children with reading problems.In addition to making learning enjoyable,when children read to dogs,it increases their sense of worth and self-confidence.
As part of the Reading with Rover program,the children read to dogs that are registered therapy dogs.These are dogs that have been trained and tested.Along with their owners,these dogs have become registered therapy teams.
A recent research study was conducted by the University of California,which concluded that when children read to dogs,it can increase their reading skills by thirty percent.
Children who took part in this study remarked,“I feel relaxed when I am reading to a dog because I am having fun.”“The dogs don’t care if you read really badly so you just keep going.”
When children read to dogs and improve their reading skills,it becomes just another example of how wonderful dogs are and how important they are to our society.
1.What’s the aim of Reading with Rover?(no more than 10 words)
?
答案:To improve the reading skills of children with reading problems.
2.Why does reading become a fun and non-stressful experience when children read to dogs?(no more than 12 words)
?
答案:Because dogs never criticize,judge or laugh at the children’s reading ability.
3.What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?(no more than 12 words)
?
答案:The great effects/advantages/benefits of Reading with Rover and other programs like it.
4.What does the word “conducted” mean in the fifth paragraph?(no more than 2 words)
?
答案:Carried out/Performed/Done.
5.What do you think of Reading with Rover and other programs like it?(no more than 25 words)
?
答案:I think they are meaningful,as they make a difference in their life by improving the reading skills of children with reading problems.
or:I think they touch me a lot,because they are just another example of how wonderful and important dogs are to our society.
B
A young lady was standing on the corner with a map in her hand.She looked puzzled.Several people passed by,looked at her but did not stop.I wondered why.Maybe it was because of the way she was dressed.She wore a dirty dress and looked pale.
As I crossed the street and came closer to her I asked if she wanted help.She thanked me and smiled in relief.As it turned out,she was looking for the hospital.I felt wonderful just reaching out,and taking that extra moment to help.
Many times in these situations I end up walking a person to where he or she is going when giving directions would be too complicated. I like helping people this way due to my own experience.Many years ago,we travelled in Japan and needed directions.A kind Japanese who saw our problem came to us and helped us out.This man just took my heavy bags and guided us to where we needed to be.We could not speak any Japanese while the man could not speak any English.Although we could not communicate through words,we communicated through the heart.?
Sometimes when I do a special favor for a stranger,the person will say,“I hope I can do something for you one day to return the favor.” They already have done something for me by giving me the opportunity to help them.But I hope that when they come across a situation where someone needs their help,they will be willing to reach out as well.
1.Why didn’t those passers-by give a helping hand to the young lady?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:Maybe it was because of the way she was dressed.
2.What was the young lady’s problem?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:She didn’t know the way to the hospital./She was looking for the hospital.
3.What does the underlined sentence mean?(No more than 20 words)
?
答案:I tend to show her directly to the destination she wants instead of just giving directions.
4.What does the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:Reach out as long as you can when someone needs your help.
5.What’s your opinion on helping strangers?Please show your reasons.(No more than 25 words)
?
?
答案:Open.
C
How much do you hate waiting for another beer in a crowded bar?It annoyed Josh Goodman enough to invent a pretty obvious solution—self-service beer taps.
Goodman,36,recalled the exact moment in late 2008 when his frustration boiled over.“I was hanging out with my friends at a Baltimore sports bar before a game,”he said.“We just couldn’t get another beer served to us quickly.”Almost immediately,he got to work on a self-service beer concept.
Within a few months,Goodman had launched PourMyBeer in Chicago.He invested $20,000 and partnered with a U.S.manufacturer to make beer tables with two to four self-service taps,which were designed by himself.
In February 2009,Goodman landed his first client(客户):A bar in Baltimore,America.He spent the next two years growing the business and adding more bars and restaurants.In 2011,he carried out an idea of self-service “beer walls”,which let people pour their own beer from taps on a wall.
PourMyBeer has swelled to over 200 restaurants and bars in 28 states.The concept will roll out in Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport this week and in Italy and Brazil later this year.
The tables start at $4,000 and the beer walls cost as much as $16,000.They generated more than $400,000 in sales in 2013 and doubled that in 2014.Goodman expects to take in close to $2 million in revenue(收益) this year—which would make it the company’s first profitable year.
“Our business customers tell us that they’ve cut down on waste and they’re selling twice as much beer on average,”said Goodman.
1.What made Goodman come up with the idea?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:He and his friends were not served another beer quickly in a bar.
2.How soon did Goodman turn his idea into reality?(No more than 6 words)
?
答案:Within a few months.
3.What did Goodman design for customers in the bars?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:Beer tables with two to four self-service taps and self-service “beer walls”.
4.What does the underlined word “swelled” most probably mean?(1 word)
?
答案:Increased./Expanded./Extended./Enlarged.
5.What do you think of Josh Goodman?Give your reasons.(No more than 25 words)
?
?
答案:He is a creative man with far sight because he designed self-service beer taps which reduce waste and serve people quickly.
D
“Sooner or later,we will have to recognize that the Earth also has rights to live without pollution.What we must know is that human beings cannot live without the Earth,but the planet can live without humans.”—Evo Morales
I am not the one to tell people what to do;I basically believe that we have a right to our own opinions,social issues,etc.Now,I must stress one issue that seems to be a growing trend:pick up your trash.
I love the fact that parents involve their children in outdoor activities.In fact,I encourage outdoor activities for children.I think that being outdoors away from technological devices stimulates the imagination;that is to say,it provides materials for children’s writing and creation.I really do love seeing a family sitting along a river bridge and enjoying some summertime fishing as well as exploring.But what I do not like is going back to the same area the next day and finding the place littered with trash.Pick up your trash.
If you are teaching your children about outdoor activities,such as fishing,teach them to respect nature as well.When packing your supplies for the day’s outing,throw a small kitchen bag in with the rest of the items.Use the kitchen bag to throw your papers,cans,wrappers,containers and everything else that was not at the site upon arrival.Remember to take the kitchen bag with you.Don’t misuse your responsibility and model.
I have to admit that I am not perfect when it comes to the whole reduce,reuse,and recycle program.From my desk right now,I can see a pile of old magazines that need to be taken to the recycling center.But I would never leave trash along a roadside or other public areas.
I would like to see future generations enjoy the outdoors without all the pollutants left behind today.For now,I would just like to take my wildlife photos without litter in the background.Pick up your trash.
1.What do Evo Morales’ words mean in the first paragraph?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:He means that human beings should change their attitude towards the Earth.
2.What does the underlined word “stimulates” in Paragraph 3 mean in English?(1 word)
?
答案:Inspires.
3.What should parents teach their children when doing outdoor activities?(No more than 5 words)
?
答案:To respect nature.
4.Why does the author admit he is not perfect?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:Because he doesn’t do well in the whole reduce,reuse and recycle program.
5.What can we do to protect the Earth?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:Open.
专题能力训练十八 阅读表达(三)
A
If you’re a male and you’re reading this,congratulations:you’re a survivor.According to statistics,you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS.Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term,about 78 years for men in Australia,you’ll die on average five years before a woman.
There are many reasons for this—typically,men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke—but perhaps most importantly,men don’t go to the doctor.
“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,”says Dr.Gullotta.“This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two.For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.
“A lot of men think they’re invincible(不可战胜的),”Gullotta says.“They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think,‘Geez,if it could happen to him,...’”?
Then there’s the ostrich(逃避现实者) approach.“Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,”says Dr.Ross Cartmill.?
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain(负担,压力) on the public purse,Cartmill says.“But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases.Besides,the ultimate cost is far greater;it’s called premature death.”
1.What does the author think is the most important reason why men die five years earlier on average than women?(No more than 12 words)
?
答案:That men don’t seek medical care as often as women.
or:That men don’t like to see the doctor as women do.
2.For men over 45,how often does Gullotta suggest they visit the doctor?(No more than 5 words)
?
答案:At least once a year.
3.Complete the underlined sentence “Geez,if it could happen to him,...”(No more than 8 words)
?
答案:It could happen to me,too.
4.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 mean?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:Men are afraid of likely/possible diseases and prefer not to know it.
or:Men are afraid that they might be ill and would like not to know it.
5.In your opinion,what should people do to live a healthy life?Give your reasons.(No more than 20 words)
?
答案:Open.
B
Why not take a more measured approach to be a happier,healthier you?From your office to your bedroom to your car,these small changes can have a big impact on your life.
Wake up ten minutes earlier.When you start your morning in a hurry,you set a stressful tone for the day.(I’m speaking from experience here.) Even ten extra minutes in the morning can help you feel more calm,collected,and ready to face the day.
Spend five minutes in silence or meditation (冥想).You’ll soon realize,whether it’s in the morning or evening,that five minutes of sitting quietly with your eyes closed seems a lot longer than five minutes.But just this short silence can foster a quietness that carries through the day.When things go off the rails,simply close your eyes and recall that earlier quietness.
Walk.Is there one trip you’d normally make in the car (to work,the gym,the store) that you can make on foot?Walking saves money (good for you) and gas (good for the environment) and burns calories (around 2,000 steps equal one mile),which is good for your health.
Tell someone you love them.Life is never long enough to say this as many times as it should be said,whether to your mother,a friend,or your dog.Make it a habit to tell someone at least once a day that you love him or her.While it may feel strange at first,you will never regret it.
Stand (or sit) up straight.Good posture prevents back and neck pain and even builds confidence.When driving,tilt (倾斜) your rearview mirror (后视镜) up a bit.You’ll have to sit up to see.At your desk,the top of your computer screen should be at eye level.Put a small cushion in the curve of your lower back,and your spine(脊柱) will become straight.
1.What does the text mainly talk about?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:Some small changes with a big impact./Small changes can make/have a big impact on your life.
2.Why is getting up ten minutes earlier in the morning suggested?(No more than 20 words)
?
答案:Because it helps one feel more calm and unhurried and get ready to face the day.
3.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “foster” in Paragraph 3?(No more than 2 words)
?
答案:Develop./Form.
4.What benefits can you get from good posture?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:Good posture prevents back and neck pain and even builds my confidence.
5.Do you like going to school on foot?Why or why not?(No more than 25 words)
?
?
答案:(Open.)Yes,I do.Because walking is not only good for my health but also good for the environment.
C
Tell a story and tell it well,and you may open wide the eyes of a child,open up lines of communication in a business,or even open people’s mind to another culture or race.
People in many places are digging up the old folk stories and the messages in them.For example,most American storytellers get their tales from a wide variety of sources,cultures,and times.They regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education,but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be very different from their own.
“Most local stories are based on a larger theme,” American storyteller Opalanga Pugh says,“Cinderella,or the central idea of a good child protected by her goodness,appears in various forms in almost every culture of the world.”
Working with students in schools,Pugh helps them understand their own cultures and the general messages of the stories.She works with prisoners too,helping them know who they are by telling stories that her listeners can write,direct,and act in their own lives.If they don’t like the story they are living,they can rewrite the story.Pugh also works to help open up lines of communication between managers and workers.“For every advance in business,” she says,“there is a greater need for communication.” Storytelling can have a great effect on either side of the manager-worker relationship,she says.?
Pugh spent several years in Nigeria,where she learned how closely storytelling was linked to the everyday life of the people there.The benefits of storytelling are found everywhere,she says.
“I learned how people used stories to spread their culture,” she says,“What I do is to focus on the value of the stories that people can translate into their own daily world of affairs.We are all storytellers.We all have a story to tell.We tell everybody’s story.”
1.What is the main idea of the text?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others.
2.How does American storyteller think of storytelling?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:They find storytelling useful for both children and adults.
3.What groups of people has Pugh practiced storytelling with?(No more than 6 words)
?
答案:Students,prisoners,managers and workers.
4.Please explain the underlined phrase (Para.4) in English.(No more than 5 words)
?
答案:Start a new life.
5.What statement from the passage inspires you to tell stories and why?(The reason should be answered within 30 words)
?
?
答案:(Open.)“We are all storytellers.” Because we all have our own experience of life,which can be shared with others,so we should live a meaningful life.
D
Stress is a condition that arises due to tension and other related factors.Although modern life has brought about many positive changes in our lives,yet there is one thing it has contributed greatly to,and that is mental and physical stress.Many stressful situations arise in our everyday life and in such situations it becomes hard to remain calm.There are various tips and techniques that can help one overcome stress.
One of the most advocated stress management techniques is breathing exercises.It can be done at any time of the day and at any place.Irregular,shallow breathing is observed when a person is stressed.So one must concentrate on their breathing pattern and try to take deep and regular breaths.Deep breathing is one of the best ways to alleviate stress.When a person takes deep breaths,an extra amount of oxygen enters the body.This inflow(流入) of oxygen helps in relaxing the muscles of the body,calming the mind as well as waking up the brain,thereby easing the person’s stress that he is going through.?
A well-balanced diet is crucial for maintaining healthy and helping to manage stress.A healthy diet involves all the essential nutrition in adequate amounts.Eating a good,healthy and nutritious breakfast is a good way to start your day and keep the energy levels up throughout the day.Eating five small meals instead of three large ones helps in keeping a person energetic too.
The most important of all stress management activities is to manage one’s time well.To do this,planning ahead is very essential.Doing the most important tasks first,followed by the less important ones will help too.By being consistent with one’s work will help in better time management.
Besides the above activities,it is very important that a person gets adequate sleep every day to stay energetic throughout the day.Besides,one should also take steps to prevent stress.All these can help to reduce stress and yield positive outcomes.
1.What stress management tips are mentioned in the passage?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:Breathing exercises,a well-balanced diet,time management,adequate sleep.
2.What does the underlined word “alleviate” in Paragraph 2 mean?(No more than 2 words)
?
答案:Ease./Reduce.
3.What are the benefits of deep breaths?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:They can relax the muscles,calm the mind and wake up the brain.
4.What is a healthy diet?(No more than 15 words)
?
答案:It involves all the essential nutrition in adequate amounts.
5.How can you deal with your stress?(No more than 20 words)
?
?
答案:(Open.)By listening to light music.
专题能力训练十六 阅读表达(一)
A
(2017·天津耀华中学二模)
I had always been unhappy with my weight before I managed to lose weight.As a kid,I was bigger than everyone else around me and gained more weight after college.
One day,when I looked at myself in the mirror,I really disliked how I looked.I knew I had to make a change.Besides,my health was rapidly declining.I thought I should try something to lose weight.
I changed something I ate and made the gym my top priority.However,it was not easy.I had tried medication(药物治疗) before I tried to lose weight in the correct way.Coming off my medication was hard.My body was fighting itself and I had many weight-loss plateaus(停滞期).I also struggled at the gym sometimes and had a hard time pushing myself through workouts.
Luckily,my trainer kept me motivated.He was driving this bus to success for me.He was my constant supporter and biggest fan.Thanks to him I saw results within two months after starting my journey.20 months later,I lost 160 pounds.
Now I can walk more than 50 feet without having to sit down.I can do laundry and clean my house.I can go to the grocery store without having to drive myself in the “fat cart”.I can do anything I want to without stressing about it.I am finally free!
If you also want to lose weight,my advice is to take small steps every day to reach your goal.When I started,160 pounds seemed so overwhelming to me,but I took small steps and made changes every day to get where I am now.It is not about a quick fix.You can’t climb Mount Qomolangma in one day.You have to do it one step at a time!?
1.Why did the author want to try something to lose weight?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:Because she disliked her look and her health was declining.
2.How did the author try to lose weight at last?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:By changing her diet and working out in the gym.
3.What did the author think played a key role in helping her lose weight?(No more than 5 words)
?
答案:Her trainer’s support.
4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?(No more than 10 words)
?
答案:You should take small steps to successfully lose weight.
5.What lesson can you learn from the author’s story?(No more than 20 words)
?
答案:We can manage to do something well if we are determined and do it in the right way.
B
Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight.When she was thirteen,she was surfing the Internet regularly,but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk.And one day she thought,“If I had my own website,I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
So,when Ashley was sixteen,she launched her own website,called GooseHead.Young people got excited when they searched on this website and step by step they introduced the site to others and made more friends.She had no idea how big a success it would be,but three years later,the site was the most successful teen site in the USA!It was getting 100,000 hits every day,and Ashley had about 30 employees.
After a few years,the website closed down.Then Ashley,who lives in Los Angeles,was asked to write a book called GooseHeadGuidetoLife.It’s safe to say that this is a book for teens that they’ll enjoy.The book is about how to design a website and start a business.It begins with a section called “All about Ashley”,where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen.“I was so happy.But it was crazy in a lot of ways.I was stressed.I mean,I was only sixteen—I didn’t even have a car!If you were sixteen and you had your own company,you’d be stressed,too!”
In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business,“Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them.And don’t listen when people tell you that you can’t do it,because I heard ‘no’ a lot.Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”
1.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?(No more than 10 words)
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答案:Ashley wanted to create an interesting website for teenagers.
2.What does the underlined word “launched” mean in English?(No more than 2 words)
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答案:Began/Started/Proceeded/Opened/Set up.
3.According to Paragraph 3,what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down?(No more than 10 words)
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答案:She wrote a book called GooseHeadGuidetoLife.
4.How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?(No more than 5 words)
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答案:She felt happy but stressed.
5.According to Ashley’s advice to success,what do you think is the most important?Why?(No more than 25 words)
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答案:I think being strong/having your dreams/working hard at your dreams/keeping on trying is the most important.Because...
C
My father was 44 and knew he wasn’t going to make it to 45.He wrote me a letter and hoped that something in it would help me for the rest of my life.
Since the day I was 12 and first read his letter,some of his words have lived in my heart.One part always stands out.“Right now,you are pretending to be a time-killer.But I know that one day,you will do something great that will set you among the very best.”Knowing that my dad believed in me gave me permission to believe in myself.“You will do something great.” He didn’t know what that would be,and neither did I,but at times in my life when I’ve felt proud of myself,I remember his words and wish he were here so I could ask,“Is this what you were talking about,Dad?Should I keep going?”
A long way from 12 now,I realize he would have been proud when I made any progress.
Lately,though,I’ve come to believe he’d want me to move on to what comes next:to be proud of and believe in somebody else.It’s time to start writing my own letters to my children.Our children look to us with the same unanswered question we had.Our kids don’t give up because they’re afraid to fail.They’re only afraid of failing us.They don’t worry about being disappointed.Their fear—as mine was until my father’s letter—is of being a disappointment.
Give your children permission to succeed.They’re waiting for you to believe in them.I always knew my parents loved me.But trust me:That belief will be more complete,that love will be more real,and their belief in themselves will be greater if you write the words on their hearts:“Don’t worry;you’ll do something great.” Not having that blessing from their parents may be the only thing holding them back.
1.Why did the father write a letter to the author?(No more than 20 words)
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答案:Because he would die,he wrote something to help the author for the rest of her life.
2.What did the father mainly want the author to learn from his letter?(No more than 15 words)
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答案:He hoped his daughter could get support and confidence from his letter.
3.According to the passage,what does the underlined word “failing” mean in English?(No more than 2 words)
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答案:Letting down/Disappointing.
4.According to the passage,how did the author overcome her fear?(No more than 10 words)
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答案:Her father’s letter helped her overcome the fear.
5.If your parents were to write you a letter,what would you expect to read?Give your reasons.(No more than 25 words)
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答案:Open.
D
In the workplace,at home,in all areas of life,looking for a reason to laugh is necessary.A sense of humor helps us to get through the dull times,cope with the difficult times,enjoy the good times and manage the scary times.
Six-year-old Hannah encountered one of the most frightening times of her life when she discovered she had cancer.And if she were to give life a shot,Hannah would have to endure painful,almost endless medical treatments.At one point she lost all her hair due to chemicals pumped into her tiny body.On days when she felt strong enough to get out,she often covered her head.
One day while shopping with her mother,Hannah donned a ball cap with a fake small ponytail sewn into the back.Unless one looked closely,she looked as if she had a full head of hair.Before long Hannah noticed a small boy staring at her as if he were trying to figure out what was slightly off about the girl.She tried to ignore him,but he followed her around the store.Finally,she took off her cap revealing her shiny,hairless head.In a firm voice she warned,“This is what happens when you don’t eat your vegetables!”
I don’t know what became of the boy.As for Hannah,her sense of humor helped get her through one of life’s scariest times.
As entertainer Bob Hope once said,“I’ve seen what a good laugh can do.It can transform tears into hope.”And sometimes,a little more hope is all we need.
1.What would Hannah suffer when she had cancer?(No more than 10 words)
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答案:She suffered painful and endless medical treatments.
2.Why did Hannah cover her head when she went out?(No more than 8 words)
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答案:Because she had no hair./Because she lost all her hair./Because she had a hairless head.
3.What does the underlined word “donned” mean?(1 word)
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答案:Wore.
4.What would the boy probably do after he heard Hannah’s words?(No more than 10 words)
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答案:The boy would probably eat more vegetables.
5.What can we learn from Hannah when we meet with difficulties in life?(No more than 20 words)
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答案:(Open.)We should have a sense of humor like her to get through the difficult times.
