【湖南师大内部资料】高二英语课件：（牛津译林版）m5-u3 grammar3

课件51张PPT。高二 英语Module 5 Unit 3
Grammar-3
非谓语动词授课教师 刘淑英 在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。
谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。
非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：不定式 （to do）
现在分词 （doing）
过去分词 （done）
动名词 （doing）三、非谓语动词的特征1、动词特征：A、时态：
一般式 完成式
to do to have done
doing having done I think it wise _______ (ask)him for advice.
They seem ____________ (finish) their work.
__________ (do)his homework, he went out for play.
He sent me an e-mail, ______ (hope) to get more advice. to ask to have finishedHaving done hoping1. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort ___ her.A. pleasing B. to have pleased C. to please D．having pleased
2. The local health organization is reported ___ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Adudon became its first president.A. to be set up B. being set upC. to have been set up D. having been set upCCB、语态：
主动语态 被动语态
to do to be done
to have done to have been done
doing being done
having done having been doneHe asked ________ (send)to work in the factory.
He is said _____________ (send) to London already.
This is the problem ___________ (discuss) at the meeting now.
_____________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it. to be sentto have been sentbeing discussedHaving been told注：1、非谓语动词的否定结构
非谓语动词的否定结构是：not +非谓语动词The patient was warned not to eat oil food after the operation.
Not knowing what to do, he phoned him again.
Tony was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.1.The _______ (excite)people rushed into the building.
2.When we came to school that morning, we found all the windows _______ . A. being stolen
B. to be stolen
C. stolen
D. to have been stolen
excitedstolen
3.The teacher stood there __________ by his students. A. to be surrounded
B. surrounded
C. having surrounded
D. to have been surrounded surrounded非谓语动词的语法功能一、 不定式与动名词作主语不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作，尤其是指将来的动作。动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。_____ with fire is dangerous. A. Playing B. To play
_____ with fire will be dangerous. A. To play B. PlayingI appreciated ___ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. A. having been given B. having given C. to have been given D. to have given
2. Revolution means ___ the productive forces.A. to liberate. B. to have liberatedC. liberating D. having being liberatedAC3. The teacher doesn't permit ___ in class.A. smoke B. to smokeC. smoking D. to have a smoke
4. She pretended ____ me when I passed by . A . not to see B . not seeing C . to not see D . having not seen CA二、 动名词与不定式作宾语 在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：A. 常接不定式作宾语的动词有：wish、ask、promise、pretend、fail decide、learn、agree、manage、demand 、plan、refuse、seem、expectB. 常接动名词作宾语的动词有：suggest、finish、enjoy、mind、avoid 、 miss、 practise、excuse、consider、can’t help1. like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式时，表示具体得某次动作，尤其是将来的动作； 接动名词时， 表示习惯、经验、体会。I prefer being alone.
I prefer to stay at home today.C. 既可接不定式 又可接动名词作宾语的动词：2. remember、forget、regret 等词后接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词时，表示一已经发生了的 动作。I forgot telling him the news.
I forgot to tell him the news.
I don’t remember having ever promised you that.3. want、need、require等此后接不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。Your watch needs repairing to be repaired.
The windows need painting again to be painted again.If I had remembered _______ (close) the window, the thief would not have got in.
2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path .
3. This sentence needs _______ (improve). to closeto restimproving或to be improved4. Rather than ___ on a crowded bus , he always prefers ___ a bicycle . A . ride ; ride B . riding ; ride C . ride ; to ride D . to ride ; riding
5. They would not allow him ___ across the enemy line . A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going CA6. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed ___ . A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch
7. There are lots of places of interest ___ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repairedCD8. I can hardly imagine Peter ______ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.
9. _______ (help) by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully. Helpedsailing三、非谓语动词作状语 1. 现在分词(v+ing)作状语表示主动的动作。
2.过去分词(v+ed)有两大特点，一是表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动作。1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意义更明确。
2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。
3. 条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件状语从句。
4. 让步状语：有时可加 although , though , even if , even though , whether…or 等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。
5. 方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。 A. 现在分词与过去分词作状语1. 表示时间（多置于句首，也可置于句末）。
2. 表示原因（多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中）。
3. 表示条件（多置于句首）。
4. 表示让步（多置于句首）。
5. 表示结果（多置于句末） 。
6. 表示方式或伴随 （多置于句末）。 When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.HearingWhen the baby saw its mother, it smiled.Seeing As they hoped to get our support, they sent us their statement.Hoping When hearingWhen it is seen from the hill , the park looks very beautiful .
Don‘t speak until you are spoken to.
Because he was greatly touched by his teacher’s words , the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates . SeenGreatly touchedspokenIf we were given more time , we could do it much better .
He was warned of the danger, but he still went skating on the ice. Given Warned he B. 不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。 She looked into the window, and wanted to see what was going on inside. She looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。 To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time. Tom kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his job.=so as not to lose his job. 动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和before, after ,on, by, in ,without 等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：C. 动名词作状语Without saying a word, he went away.
On arriving in Beijing, he telephoned me.
On coming in she laid a file of documents upon the table. ____________(know) that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.
2. _________________(finish) the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.
3. ________ (write)in simple English, the book is easy to read.
4. ___________ (become)a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master‘s degree.Having knownNot having finished Written To become6. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A having added B. to add C. adding D. added
7. ___ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him. A. Having looked B. Looking C. To look D. Look
8. ___ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. SufferedCBA不定式,现在分词与过去分词作补足语的区别:
不定式： 强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全
过程。
过去分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的
动作。过去分词作补足语时，这些
过去分词一般都来自及物动词，表
被动或完成之意。
现在分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语正在进行
的动作。四、非谓语动词作补足语 1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如 hear,
feel, find, give, listen to, look at,
notice, observe, see, smell, watch
等词的句子中。2. 表示“致使”等意义的动词，如 catch,
have, get, keep, leave, set 的句子中。3.with 引导的结构中非谓语动词作宾语补足语最常见的是出现在使役动词、感觉动词的句型结构中。即： have sb do sth
have sb doing sth
have sth done
have sth doing 能使用在此结构中的动词通常有：have, make, see, hear, observe, notice, watch等。She was glad to see her child well _______ (take) care of.
2. We are pleased to see the problem _______ (settle) so quickly.
3. I could feel the wind _________ (blow)on my face from an open window. takensettledblowingCA4. He found them ____ at a table____. A. seating; playing chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess
5. John rushed out in a hurry, ___ the door_____. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left, unlocked D. to leave; unlocking
6. With a lot of work ___, he didn’t go to the film. A. to be done B. to do C. doing D. having done
7. He knocked against the table and sent the bowls ___ in all directions before ___. A. flying; sent to sleep B. flying; sending to sleep C. to fly; to be sent to sleep D. to fly; sending sleeping BA五、 非谓语动词作表语1. This book is really ___. A. to entertain B. entertained C. entertaining
2. He grew more ___ and a little ___ when he got to the mysterious cave. A. exciting; frightened B. exciting; frightening C. excited; frightened D. excited; frightening
3. The main job of the ant queen is ___ eggs. A. to lay B. laying C. lain D. laidCCB4. The boy was ___, so I didn’t believe him again. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. to disappoint
5. At the sight of the snake, the little girl got ___. A. to be frightened B. frightening C. frightened
AC现在分词(V+ing)作定语：表示所修饰名词正在进行的,主动的动作 。
过去分词(V+ed)作定语：表示一个已经完成了的,被动的动作 。
不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个过去或将
来的动作。
动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途。六、非谓语动词作定语1. A football fan is a person who has a strong interest in football.
2. I am looking for the train which will go to Shanghai.
3. It was at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood.
4. Who is the person that is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?
having to 5. The house which is being built belongs to my uncle.
6. This substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized machine.
7. A harvester is a machine which harvests crops or a person who is harvesting. toharvesting person.He found a good house ___. A. living B. to live C. to live in D. living in
2. The child has nothing ___ . A. to worry about B. worrying about C. to worry D. to be worried about
5. Have you got anything ___ ? A. to be sent B. to sent C. sending D. being sentCAA He came in and he held a book in his hand.
When he came in, he held a book in his hand.
Holding a book in his hand, he came in.
He came in , with a book in his hand.
He came in, book in hand.and a book was held in his hand.HomeworkGet ready for the exam.