【湖南师大内部资料】高二英语课件：（牛津译林版）m7-u1 grammar

课件46张PPT。高 二 英 语Module 7 Unit 1
Grammar
Prepositions Usage of prepositions:
1 Used before a noun or a noun phrase
to express time, place, movement etc.
2 Used before a verb in the –ing form.Prepositions: 介词是一种虚词，又称前置词。 介词一般不单独使用，后面常跟名词，名词短语或动名词。介词:e.g. In the case of learning English, we must speak as much as possible.
就英语学习来说，我们应该多说英语。
e.g. You’d better take an umbrella in case of rain.
你最好带伞以防万一下雨。
1 Prepositions of time:Prepositions like at, in, on, for, by and since can be used to express time. Others of time include during, after, before, between, from, until, etc.e.g. At that time, the record player had to be wound up by hand.
By 1967,most TV broadcasts were in colour.at 12:00
at noon,
at night /at midnight
at dawn
at daybreak
at Christmas /New Year/the Spring FestivalTips:
（1）指时间的时刻，或指某个节日用 aton October 1st,
on a rainy day,
on National Day（2）指具体的某一天 或某一天的早上，下午或晚上，用 onon the eve of victory
on the morning of Jan.3rd,
on the afternoon of his arrival（3） by =not later thanHe must have arrived there by now.
We’ll have finished the work by 10:00.
By 1967, most TV broadcasts were in color.
Finish it by Friday.
I will be here by 5 o’clock.
Can you finish the work by tomorrow?
2).He worked by day and slept by night.
(4). 以下短语 前通常不用任何介词e.g. this week, next month, last year
At, in and on can be used as prepositions of place. Other prepositions of place include above, against, behind, between, by, near, opposite, under, etc. 2 Prepositions of place:e.g. Cable TV began in 1948 in the USA, but it took 50 years before 66 per cent of USA families had it in their homes.
This new type of TV can be hung on the wall.Tips:
小地方一般用at
I’ll meet you at the department store.
My grandfather lived at 105 Beijing Road.3 Prepositions of movement:The prepositions to is often used to show movement, meaning ‘in the direction of’. Other prepositions of movement include across, along, down, into, off, over, out of, past, round, through, under, up, after, before, between, from, until, etc.inonaboveoverbeneathunderbelowbeside 图解方位/运动介词acrossacrossaroundaroundthrough图解方位/运动介词inout offromtowardstodownupinto图解方位/运动介词pastoveracrossthroughEg. 1.The invention of the transistor led to the development of cassette recorders.
2. When autumn comes, many leaves fall off the tree.短语辨析：
to the +方位词+ of +不接壤的地区。
Japan is to the east of China.
East of China lies Japan.
on the +方位词+ of +接壤的地区。
The Pacific is on the east of China.
in the +方位词+ of +身居其中的大地区。
Shanghai is in the east of China.高 二 英 语Answers(P8):
(1) for (2) at (3) until
(4) by (5) during (6) toPrepositional Phrases：Words used with prepositions:
run into by hand concerned about
hear from in return different from
stand for in fact cautious aboutPrepositions can be combined with verbs, nouns and adjectives to form prepositional phrasesWith Verbs：Many prepositions are combined with verbs to form prepositional verbs,
e. g: agree with, look for, look into, head for and stand for, etc.
1) The ship set sail and headed for Shanghai.
2) MD stands for MiniDisc.With Nouns：Prepositions can also be combined with nouns, e. g: in time for, by means of, by accident/mistake, for/on sale, on the market, in that case and up to date, etc.
1) When will the new model be on sale?
2) This technology is quite up to date.With Adjectives：Some prepositions are also combined with adjectives, e.g.: good at, capable of, fond of, satisfied/happy with, etc.
1) The program is capable of calculating
our budget for the year.
2) I am fond of watching black-and- white films.高 二 英 语Answers(P9):
(1) on sale
up to date (3) capable of
(4) stands for (5) satisfied with
(6) on the market (7) In that case
(8) In time for (9) up to
(10) agree with真题点击 1. —_____ when has the country been
open to international trade?
—1978, I suppose. (陕西 2007)
A. Since B. In C. From D. After
从上下文语境可以看出：when替代的是
数字1978。句子时态为现在完成时，只
有since +过去某一时间点才能用于现在
完成时，故A项为正确选项。A2. _____ the silence of the pauses, we
could hear each other’s breathing and
could almost hear our own heartbeats.
(湖南 2007)
A. In B. For C. Under D. Between
in the silence of the pauses在短暂的沉默
中。句意为：我们在短暂的沉默中能听
到对方的呼吸，甚至能听到自己的心
跳。A3. Experts have been warning ______ of
the health risks caused by passive
smoking. (江西2007)
A. at a time B. at one time
C. for some time D. for the time
at a time一次；at one time曾经；for
some time一段时间。由现在完成进行
时形式have been warning 可知用“for +
时间段”。C 4. Some students often listen to music
_____ classes to refresh themselves．
(四川 2007)
A. between B. among
C. over D. during
between用于两者之间，也可指多个事
物中的两者之间；among用于三者或三
者之上；over经过了一段时间；during
在某段时间之内。“课间”是指两节课之
间，因此用between。A Exercises Heilongjiang Province is _____ north of
Liaoning. Harbin, its capital city, lies
_____ the Songhuajiang River.
A. to; on B. in; in
C. /; on D. to; inC2. To fully understand the writer, we
must read not only between the lines,
but sometimes _____ the lines.
A. within B. beyond
C. beside D. amongB3. Although Tom agreed with her on most
points, here was one _____ which he
was unwilling to give in.
A. on B. in C. to D. with
4. As we all know, several primary
schools and factories were named
_____ the hero.
A. from B. at C. after D. toCC5. _____ what the weather is like, the
athletic meeting will be held on time.
A. In contrast with B. In relation to
C. On behalf of D. Regardless of
6. Mr. Johnson starts to work very early
in the morning and goes on working
until late in the afternoon _____ a break
at midday.
A. with B. for C. as D. throughDA 7. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match
by shaking hands.A. with???? B. on?? C. in?? D. to B8. A great person is always putting others’
interests _________ his own.
A. below B. above C. in D. onB9. ---When did you last hear _____Jay?
---He phoned me this morning, and
we agreed____ a time and place meet.
of, to B. about, with
C. from, with D. from, onD10.Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ____ a stepping-stone to future success.
A. to B. for C. as D. byC11．He invited me to a dance after the show____ Christmas Eve.
A．at B．on C．in D．byB12. Jenny nearly missed the flight
doing too much shopping.
as a result of B. on top of
C. in front of D. in need of ALanguage Points:in this/that case
in the case of …
in case
in case of …在这种/那种情况下至于…；就…来说以便；以免；以防如果…；万一…；以免…；以防…capable adj.
有能力的；有才能的;有技能的
be capable of …
有…能力的；可以…；做得出…
e.g. Some airplanes are capable of going
800 kilometers an hour.
e.g. Tom is quite capable of neglecting
his duty.able 和capable
　　这两个词都是形容词，都有“能够”、“能干”之意，但含义和使用场合不同。
1. 作定语表示“能干”时，able指某人聪明能干，有多才多艺的含义；而capable仅指具有应付某一工作要求的能力。如：
She is an able teacher. 她是个能干的教师。
She is a capable teacher.
她是个能胜任工作的教师。2. able指“能够”，是一时之现象；capable常指“能力”，是经常的现象。如：
I shall not be able to come to the office tomorrow. 明天我不能到办公室来(由于某种原因暂时不能来)。
She is incapable of manual labor. 她不能从事体力劳动(由于某种长期或经常的原因，如患病等)。3. 指某人能做某事时，able之后接不定式，capable之后接介词of。如：
We are able to get back to town before dark. 我们能够在天黑之前赶回市区。
They are not capable of doing the work.
他们没有能力做这项工作。4. capable除表示“有能力的”，还可以表示“有可能的”，able则没有这个用法。如：
The situation is capable of improvement.
情况有可能好转。
That oil tanker is capable of being restored.
那艘油轮有可能修好。
5. able的反义词是unable; capable的反义词是incapable。accompany vt. 陪伴；伴随;与…同时发生或做事情
e.g. His wife accompanied him on his trip
to China.
e.g. The pop singer was accompanied at
the piano by the pianist.familiar adj. 熟悉的；亲近的
sb be familiar with …
… be familiar to sb 某人熟悉/精通…
e.g. We haven’t met our neighbours yet
so we are not familiar with them.
e.g. We haven’t met our neighbours yet
so they are not familiar to us.HomeworkFill in the blanks on page 102(Part C1 &C2) in the workbook