必修一 Unit2 English around the world
Grammar
Ⅰ. Aims
A. Get the students to further learn the Direct speech and Indirect speech.2-1-c-n-j-y
B. Get the students to know something about Commands and Requests.【版权所有：21教育】
C. Grasp some expressions about make Commands and Requests.21*cnjy*com
D. Get the students to know how to ask for help politely.
Ⅱ. Teaching contents
A. Direct speech and Indirect speech.
B. Commands and Requests.
Ⅲ. Teaching aids
Blackboard, Chalks, multi-media computer
Ⅳ. Time allocation (30minutes)
Step 1 Review and leading-in 1 (3 minutes)
Step 2 Analyse of Direct speech and Indirect speech 1 (2 minutes)21·cn·jy·com
Step 3 Analyse of Direct speech and Indirect speech 2 (6 minutes)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Step 4 Exercise 1 (3 minutes)
Step 5 Exercise 2 (6 minutes)
Step 6 Analyse of Commands and Requests.(3 minutes)21*cnjy*com
Step 7 Exercise 3 (2 minutes)
Step 8 Exercise 4 (4minutes)
Step 9 Summary (0.5 minute)
Step 9 Homework (0.5 minute)
Ⅴ.Teaching procedures
Step1. Review and leading-in 1
Teacher (T): Good morning, boys and girls!
Students(S): Good morning, teacher!
T: What grammar did you learn in Unit 1?
S: Direct speech and Indirect apeech.
T: Ok, very good. Now let's go over what we have learnt about Direct speech and Indirect speech. First, what should we pay attention to when we retell a declarative sentence from direct speech to indirect speech?
S: Verbs tense, pronoun forms, word orders and adverbials of place and time.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
T: Good. Now let's check your answers...
T: This class we are going to learn something more about Direct speech and Indirect speech. We have known how to change a declarative sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, but how about imperative sentence and interrogative sentence? Now let's have a close look at it.2·1·c·n·j·y
Step 2. Analyse of Direct speech and Indirect speech 1 21世纪教育网版权所有
Let the students look at the screen (there are some examples on the screen) and invite two students to red these sentences.
Explain these sentences to the students:
T: Compare the direct speech form and the indirect speech form and find out what have been changed except what we have mentioned just now.
(10 seconds) Now, tell me your findings.
S: "Said" has been changed to "asked"、“ordered” and " told".
T: Good, and anything else?
S: "To"...
T: OK, you have done a great job. Now compare the last example with the first two ones. Can you find any difference?
S: The last is a negative one.
T: Yes, so we should put an "not" before "to" to achieve the full meaning. Now let's summarize the rules.
...Are you clear about it?
3. Introduction of commands.
Step 3 Analysis of Direct speech and Indirect speech 221教育网
Let the students look at the screen (there is an example on the screen) and invite two students to red these sentences.
Explain these sentences to the students:
T: According to what you have learnt in Unit 1, can you tell me the differences between these two sentences?
S:....
T: Summarize...
Analyse how to change general question from direct speech to indirect speech.
T: Let the students look at the screen (there is an example on the screen) and invite two students to red these sentences.
Explain these sentences to the students:
T: Compare the direct speech form and the indirect speech form and find out what have been changed except what we have mentioned just now.
S: "Said" has been replaced by "asked", and the declarative sentences are leaded by ifwhether.
T: Perfect. Let's see the rules.
4. Introduction of requests.
5. Analyse how to change special question from direct speech to indirect speech.21cnjy.com
T: Let the students look at the screen (there are examples on the screen) and invite two students to red these sentences.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Explain these sentences to the students:
T: Compare the direct speech form and the indirect speech form and find out what have been changed except what we have mentioned just now.
S: ...
T: How about the interrogatives? Are they remain the same?
S: Yes...
Step 4. Exercise 1
Ask the student to do the exercise and invite students to speak them out.www.21-cn-jy.com
Step 5. Exercise 2
Ask the students to work in groups of three and make dialogues by imitating the example and then invite to perform their dialogues.【出处：21教育名师】
Step 6. Analyse of Commands and Requests.
Explain these two words to the students to make the students know their difference and when and how to use them.21·世纪*教育网
2. Give an example to show the difference.
Step 7. Exercise 3
Ask the students to classify the Commands and Requests.
Step 8. Exercise 4
Ask the students to work in groups of two and make dialogues according to the following situations and then invite some students to perform their dialogues.21教育名师原创作品
Step 9. Summary
A brief summary about this class.
Direct speech and Indirect speech.
The imperative sentences（祈使句）
The interrogative sentences（疑问句）
Commands and Requests
Difference between them
Usage
Step 10. Homework
1. Exercise 3 on page16 (hand in on next Monday)
2. Review this unit
3. Pre-reading the new words in Unit 3
必修一 Unit2 English around the world
Grammar
Indirect Speech and Indirect Speech
Introduction
In this period students will be helped by the teacher first to discover useful words and expressions, and then to discover and use useful structures. Direct & Indirect Speech is again presented in systematic details.
Objectives
To help students better their speaking by reading aloud the text to the tape【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
To help students understand and use indirect speech to express requests and commands
To help students learn to use some useful words and expressions 21*cnjy*com
Procedures
1. Warming up by reading the text aloud to the tape 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
To begin with we shall read the text learned yesterday to the tape. Try to make your reading aloud as native-like as possible. 【出处：21教育名师】
2. Building your word power
下列形容词既可作前置定语又可作后置定语, 但意义不同
the present person如今的人
the person present 当时在场的人
a concerned look关切的神情
the comrades concerned有关的同志
the given time特定的时间
the time given给予的时间
a long and involved explanation复杂难懂的解释
the person involved牵涉/卷入（到某事中）的人
the responsible person（褒义）可靠的人
the person responsible （贬义）需要（尤其指为坏事）承担责任的人
[词义辨析] request, demand, require
request意为“恳求；请求”，指通过正式手续突出要求，口气和缓，态度礼貌。常用request sb.to do sth.;
All I requested of you was that you came early. 我对你的唯一要求就是早点来。
He requested his father to leave here.
demand主语是人时，表示坚决要求，坚持要做某事；主语是物时，指迫切需要。常用demand of sb. to do sth.; 不说demand sb. to do sth.。
The workers are demanding better pay. 工人们要求提高工资。
The girl demanded of Mary to give her the book.
Civil rights fighter demands that blacks will be treated equally. (Language Study) 民权战士要求黑人被公平对待。
require表示按照法规、权力提出的要求或命令，指客观需要，含缺此不可之意。常用require to do/ doing(这里动名词的主动形式表示被动)
I have done all that is required by law. 我已做了法律规定的一切。
The baby requires/ needs/ wants to be looked after.
= The baby requires/needs/wants looking after.
demand, request, require后面跟宾语从句时，从句后谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，即should加动词原形。
The teacher requested that all of us (should) attend the meeting.
【相关链接】：be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
3. Learning about direct and indirect speech
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
simple present He said, “I go to school every day.”
simple past He said (that) he went to school every day.
simple past He said, “I went to school every day.”
past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present perfect He said, “I have gone to school every day.”
past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present progressive He said, “I am going to school every day.”
past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day.
past progressive He said, “I was going to school every day.”
perfect progressive He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
future (will) He said, “I will go to school every day.”
would + verb name He said (that) he would go to school every day.
future (going to) He said, “I am going to school every day.”
present progressive He said (that) he is going to school every day.
past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name He said, “Do you go to school every day?” He said, “Where do you go to school?”
simple past He asked me if I went to school every day.* He asked me where I went to school.
imperative He said, “Go to school every day.”
infinitive He said to go to school every day.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
can He said, “I can go to school every day.”
could He said (that) he could go to school every day.
may He said, “I may go to school every day.”
might He said (that) he might go to school every day.
might He said, “I might go to school every day.”
?
must He said, “I must go to school every day.”
had to He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to He said, “I have to go to school every day.”
should He said, “I should go to school every day.”
should He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to He said, “I ought to go to school every day.”
ought to He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.
4. Discovering useful structures by learning to offer commands 21世纪教育网版权所有
In groups of four, think of at least three commands your teachers and parents usually give. You may follow these steps. 21cnjy.com
Choose one who is to give the first command.
Ask another person in your group to tell somebody what you said. 21·cn·jy·com
The third person will change the request or command from direct into indirect speech.
Change role so that each person gets the chance to give commands and turn them into indirect speech.
Example:
T: Please don’t talk in class.
S1: What did our teacher tell us? / What did our teacher say?
S2: He told/asked us not to talk in class. / She said not to talk in class.
5. Finding out differences
What are the differences between the request and command? www.21-cn-jy.com
The replies are given and you are to give a request or a command. Write the sentence down in the blank.
★ A: _______________________________________
B: I’ll go and collect some wood right now, master. 21·世纪*教育网
★ A: _______________________________________
B: Of course I’ll be happy to collect your shopping for you. www-2-1-cnjy-com
★ A:__________________________________________
B: Yes. I’ll shut the door at once, Mr. Zhang.
★ A:_________________________________________
B: No, I won’t get your coat if you talk to me like that. 2-1-c-n-j-y
★ A:_________________________________________
B: Sorry. I’ll get that book for you right now.
6. Looking back
高考单选题中的“交际用法”
1. Would you take this along to the office for me?
A. With pleasure. B. That’s right. C. Never mind. D. Don’t mention it.
21. — Andrew won't like it, you know.
— _____ ? I don't care what Andrew thinks!
A. So what B. So where C. So why D. So how
35. — Excuse me, Sir, is the swimming pool open all day?
—_____Only from 6:00 pal to 10:00 pm.
A. That's right. B. Yes, of course C. Sorry, I am not sure D. Sorry, I'm afraid not
28. —It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.
—Well, you know what they say. _________.
A. There is no smoke without fire B. Practice makes perfect
C. All roads lead to Rome D. No pains, no gains
9. －I’m thinking of the test tomorrow. I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.
－ _____! I’m sure you’ll make it.
A. Go ahead B. Good luck C. No problem D. Cheer up
35.―You know who came yesterday?
―Yao Ming? We had a basketball match.
―_____ He came and watched the game.
A. You guessed it! B. How did you know that? C. Well done! D. That was good news!
26.－These books are too heavy for me to carry.
－_____ .
A. You may ask for help B. I will give you a hand C. I will do you a favor D. I’d come to help
Keys: AADDDAB
7. Closing down by going over the learned expressions 21教育网
To end this period we shall sum up all the expressions learned so far from this unit.2·1·c·n·j·y
Language chunks from Unit 2 English around the world
in/on a team, the number of/a number of, over time, communicate with, be based on, make use of, have one’s own identity, Only time can tell, solve a problem, believe it or not, no such a…, all over the world, at the top(bottom) of, to this day, sum up, Pardon?, beg your pardon, go abroad, encourage sb. to do sth., work on, feel like sth., from time to time, English-speaking countries, from one…to another, do business, on the air, make notes, fight against, keep…a secret, even though, save time(money), a form of…
必修一 Unit2 English around the world
Grammar
Aims: To discover useful words and expressions; To discover useful structures www-2-1-cnjy-com
Procedures
I. Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
simple present He said, “I go to school every day.”
simple past He said (that) he went to school every day.
simple past He said, “I went to school every day.”
past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present perfect : He said, “I have gone to school every day.”
past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present progressive: He said, “I am going to school every day.”
past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day.
past progressive: He said, “I was going to school every day.”
perfect progressive He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
future (will) He said, “I will go to school every day.”
would + verb name He said (that) he would go to school every day.
future (going to) He said, “I am going to school every day.”
present progressive He said (that) he is going to school every day.
past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name He said, “Do you go to school every day?”
He said, “Where do you go to school?”
simple past He asked me if I went to school every day.* He asked me where I went to school.
Imperative
He said, “Go to school every day.”
infinitive He said to go to school every day.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every day.”
simple present + simple present He says (that) he goes to school every day.
present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to school every day.”
present perfect + simple present He has said (that) he goes to school every day.
past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school every day.”
past progressive + simple past He was saying (that) he went to school every day.
past progressive + past perfect He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
can He said, “I can go to school every day.”
could He said (that) he could go to school every day.
May
He said, “I may go to school every day.”
might He said (that) he might go to school every day.
Might: He said, “I might go to school every day.”
must He said, “I must go to school every day.”
had to He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to: He said, “I have to go to school every day.”
Should: He said, “I should go to school every day.”
should He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to: He said, “I ought to go to school every day.”
ought to He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.
II. Discovering useful words and expressions
Work in pairs. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then check the answer you’re your classmates. The teacher helps the students discover the difference in prepositions.21教育网
Play the tape for the students to listen and ask them to mark the sentence stress and intonation. Then practice reading in pairs. 21cnjy.com
(The teacher brings the students’ attention to the British and American words that are different but have the same meaning.)21·cn·jy·com
III. Discovering useful structures
(Making commands and requests using indirect speech)www.21-cn-jy.com
1. In groups of four, think of at least three commands your teachers and parents usually give.
You may follow these steps.
Choose one who is to give the first command.
Ask another person in your group to tell somebody what you said.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
The third person will change the request or command from direct into indirect speech.
Change role so that each person gets the chance to give commands and turn them into indirect speech.
Example:
T: Please don’t talk in class.
S1: What did our teacher tell us? / What did our teacher say?
S2: He told/asked us not to talk in class. / She said not to talk in class.
2. Get the students thinking about the difference between the request and command.
Then read the replies and decide whether they are in answer to a request or a command. Write the sentence down.
★ A: _______________________________________
B: I’ll go and collect some wood right now, master.21世纪教育网版权所有
★ A: _______________________________________
B: Of course I’ll be happy to collect your shopping for you.2·1·c·n·j·y
★ A:__________________________________________
B: Yes. I’ll shut the door at once, Mr. Zhang.
★ A:_________________________________________
B: No, I won’t get your coat if you talk to me like that.21·世纪*教育网
★ A:_________________________________________
B: Sorry. I’ll get that book for you right now.
必修一 Unit2 English around the world
Grammar
从容说课
This is the fourth teaching period of this unit. To test whether the students have grasped the important and difficult language points they learned in the last period, the teacher should first offer them some revision exercises.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
This teaching period is a grammar lesson. The students are expected to make clear what a command is and what a request is, and how to turn their direct speech into indirect speech in this period.21*cnjy*com
In this lesson, we will first offer a supposed situation and make the students learn about the differences between demands and requests. The situation makes students know that in English, giving commands is less polite than making a request. Not everyone should give commands. People who often give commands are bosses, teachers and parents. If giving commands, we use such structures as “Do. . . ” and “Don’t. . . ”; if making a request, we can say “Please do. . . ”, “Will/Would you(please). . . ? ”, “Can/Could you(please). . . ? ”, etc.
Later on, we’ll summarize the rules of turning Direct speech into Indirect speech and make students know: if we change commands, we may use the pattern: sb. told/ordered sb. else(not)to do sth. ; if we change requests, we can use “sb. asked sb. else(not)to do sth. ”. Then ask them to do exercises and make dialogues according to supposed situations. This can help the students connect grammar rules with proper language forms so as to make grammar rules less abstract.21*cnjy*com
教学重点 Get the students to master the rules of how to express a request and a command in direct speech and indirect speech.
教学难点Enable the students to use a request and a command in direct speech and indirect speech.
教学方法 1. Task-based teaching and learning
2. Cooperative learning
3. Discussion and practice
教具准备 A projector and other normal teaching tools
三维目标
Knowledge aim: Get the students to learn the rules of requests and commands in direct speech and indirect speech.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Ability aim: Enable the students to use the rules properly in different situations.
Emotional aim: Enable the students to communicate with others well by using requests and commands properly.
教学过程
设计方案（一）
→Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Get the students to dictate some useful words and expressions.
3. Change a statement or a question into indirect speech.
→Step 2 Summarizing the difference between commands and requests
The teacher speaks to three students:
Xiao Ming, close the door.
Xiao Mei, please pass on the dictionary to Li Ming.
Wang Juan, will you please answer me a question?
Write the three sentences on the blackboard. Ask what the difference is among them. Then tell the students: Speaking the first sentence, I give a command. Using “Please. . . ” or “Will you please. . . ? ”, I make requests.
Show the following on the screen.
Direct Speech
Commands
Do. . . /Don’t. . .
Requests
Do. . . , please.
Can/Could you(please). . . ?
Will/Would you(please). . . ?
→Step 3 Practice(1)
Turn to Page 12.
1. Change the commands into requests(Exercise 3 in Discovering useful structures). Students work in pairs.
2. Make dialogues using the commands/requests. Work in pairs. Students are encouraged to imagine interesting dialogues.21·cn·jy·com
Sample dialogues:
Situation 1
A: Excuse me. Who would do me a favor to close the door?www.21-cn-jy.com
B: Speak louder, please.
A: Will you please close the door?
B: OK. I will.
A: Thank you very much.
B: My pleasure.
Situation 2
A: Excuse me. It’s time for me to get off. Would you please make way for me?21·世纪*教育网
B: Of course. I’ll be happy to make way for you. Go ahead.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A: Thank you.
B: You’re welcome. Oh, my God, I need to loose my weight.
3. Do Exercise 2(Using structures Page 50)
Students read the exercise to know what they are expected to do, then do it individually. While checking the answers, deal with any problems students may meet.
→Step 4 Summarizing the rules of turning Direct speech into Indirect speech
Work in pairs.
Show some examples on the screen. Ask students to study them carefully and discuss in pairs to find out the rules.【出处：21教育名师】
“Make sure the light is off, ” The teacher said to me.
The teacher told me to make sure the light was off.
“Don’t play balls in the street, ” the policeman said to us. The policeman told us not to play balls in the street.
“Can you lend me ten dollars? ” Mary said.
Mary asked me to lend her ten dollars.
“Will you please not smoke here? ” she said.
She asked me not to smoke here.
A few minutes later, ask one student to write his or her answers in the table.21cnjy.com
Direct Speech
Indirect speech
Commands
Do/Don’t. . .
Requests
Do. . . , please
Can/Could you(please). . . ?
Will/Would you(please). . . ?
After discussion, the correct answer is shown on the blackboard. The students can see:2-1-c-n-j-y
Direct Speech
Indirect speech
Commands
Do/Don’t. . .
Sb. told sb. else(not)to do. . .
Requests
Do. . . , please.
Can/Could you(please). . . ?
Will/Would you(please). . . ?
Sb. asked sb. else(not)to do. . .
Conclusion: If we change commands, we may use the patterns: sb. told/ordered sb. else(not)to do sth. ; if we change requests, we can use “sb. asked sb. else(not)to do sth. ”2·1·c·n·j·y
→Step 5 Practice(2)
1. Turn to Page 50. Do Exercise 1 in Using structures.【版权所有：21教育】
Teacher makes a dialogue with two students. Just like the following:21教育名师原创作品
T: Turn on the light, Mary.
A: What did our teacher tell Mary?
B: She told Mary to turn on the light.
Students work in groups of 3.
2. Ask students to work in groups of 3 to make a dialogue. Be sure to use indirect and direct speech and requests.21教育网
Supposed situation: A doesn’t know the way to the cinema and turns to C for help. B retells C’s words to A.
→Step 6 Consolidation
1. They weren’t talking to you, but you heard them. What did you hear them say?
1) She told him to shut up. I am sure I heard her say to him “______________”.
2) He asked her to speak louder. I am sure I heard him ask her “______________”.
3) She told her to try the lift. I am sure I heard her say to her “______________”.
4) He told them not to wait for him. I am sure that I heard him say to him “______________”.
5) She told him to stop wasting time. I am sure I heard her say to him “______________”.
6) The girl asked her father to tell her a story. I am sure I heard her ask him “______________”.
2. Work in pairs. Look at the Dos and Don’ts below. Turn them into commands and requests. First use Direct Speech, then use Indirect Speech.
Dos
Don’ts
Buy some bread for her.
Make too much noise.
Help her tidy the room.
Forget to put your umbrella in the stand.
Speak quietly on the phone.
Smoke in the bathroom.
Turn down the radio.
Stay up too late.
3. Games
Choose two students act as two robots. One listens to the requests, the other listens to the commands. Other students give either requests or commands, and the robots do what the students ask them to do.
If time is limited, it can be done as homework.
→Step 7 Homework
1. Finish off the workbook exercises.
2. Prepare the next part.
板书设计
Unit 2 English around the world
Grammar:the Imperative Sentence and Its Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
Indirect speech
Commands
Do/Don’t. . .
Sb. told sb. else(not)to do. . .
Requests
Do. . . , please.
Can/Could you(please). . . ?
Will/Would you(please). . . ?
Sb. asked sb. else(not)to do. . .
活动与探究
If you are an assistant, make some Dos and Don’ts for your school library. Then make dialogues with your classmates using commands and requests and the indirect speech.21世纪教育网版权所有
