初中英语冠词讲解及练习

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初中英语冠词的分类和用法讲解及冠词练习
一．不定冠词的用法
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。
不定冠词a（an）与数词one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[ ]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[ n]。
1）表示“一个”，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2）代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3）词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
二．定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1）特指双方都明白的人或物：
Take the medicine.把药吃了。
2）上文提到过的人或事：
He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3）指世上独一物二的事物：
the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth
4）单数名词连用表示一类事物：
如：the dollar 美元；the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人；the living 生者。
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：
Where do you live？I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。
That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师）
They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师）
7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：
She caught me by the arm……　她抓住了我的手臂。
8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：
the People’s Republic of China　中华人民共和国
the United States　美国
9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：
She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。
10）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：
the Greens　格林一家人 （或格林夫妇）
11）用在惯用语中：
in the day，in the morning （afternoon，evening），the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday，the next morning，
in the sky （water，field，country）
in the dark，in the rain，in the distance，
in the middle （of），in the end，
on the whole，by the way，go to the theatre
三．零冠词的用法
1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；
2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；
Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。
5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词；
如：have breakfast，play chess
8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；
I can’t write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。
9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train；
10）有些个体名词不用冠词；
如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；
go to hospital　去医院看病
go to the hospital　去医院 （并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）
11）不用冠词的序数词；
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词：He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中：at （the）first，first of all，from first to last
冠词练习一
( ) 1. There is ________ “M” and ________ “Y” in the word “my”.
A. an, a B. a, an C. an, an
( ) 2. ________ English is ________ difficult subject for most of ________ students.
A. /, a, the B. The, a, the C. The, the, the
( ) 3. I’m going to learn ________ second language in _________ second grade.
A. a, a B. the, / C. a, the
( ) 4. My sister was ill in ________ bed, and my mother was sitting on ________ bed by her.
A. /, the B. /, / C. the, the
( ) 5. We have _____ lunch at school on weekdays and we enjoy ______ lunch very much.
A. /, the B. /, / C. a, /
( ) 6. We can’t see ________ sun at ________ night. But we can see the moon and the stars.
A. the, the B. the, / C. a, /
( ) 7. My brother likes playing ________ football very much, but he doesn’t like ________ football I bought him for his birthday.
A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /
( ) 8. ________ teacher and ________ writer is still in our school.
A. The, the B. A, a C. The, /
( ) 9. Jim was made ________ of Class Three.
A. monitor B. a monitor C. the monitor
( ) 10. From then on ________ began looking for ways to go into ________.
A. man, space B. the man, space C. man, the space
( ) 11. More college students would like to work in ________ west part of our country ________ next year.
A. the, the B. /, / C. the, /
( ) 12. There is ________ old man standing there. ________ old man looks worried.
A. an, An B. an, The C. the, The
( ) 13. The football players from ________ USA live in _________ Room Nine.
A. the, / B. /, the C. an, /
( ) 14. We’re invited to have ________ supper with ________ Whites tomorrow.
A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /
( ) 15. Last year my cousin Mary was ________ university student of ________ physics.
A. a, the B. an, the C. a, /
( ) 16. There’re many poor people in ________ world. I think _________ rich must help ________ poor.
A. the, the, the B. the, a, a C. /, the, the
( ) 17. Tom, do you know ________ girl in ________ blue
A. the, the B. the, / C. a, /
( ) 18. Lesson One is ________ very difficult lesson, but it is not ________ most
difficult one in Book One.
A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a
( ) 19. --- Is Canada ________ English-speaking country
--- Yes. And Canadians speak ________ French, too.
A. a, / B. an, / C. a, the
( ) 20. ________ Yellow River is ________ second longest river in China.
A. The, / B. /, the C. The, the
Key: 1-5: AACAA 6-10: BBCAA 11-15: CBABC 16-20: ABABC
冠词练习二
( ) 1. There isn’t ________ river near where I live. ________ nearest river is 500
kilometers away.
A. a, The B. an, A C. the, A
( ) 2. ________ old lady with white hair spoke ________ English well at ________ meeting.
A. An, an, a B. The, /, an C. The, /, the
( ) 3. --- Will you get there by ________ train ---- No, I’ll take ________ taxi.
A. /, a B. a, the C. /, /
( ) 4. --- Is ________ English-Chinese dictionary on the desk yours
--- No, I don’t have ________ English-Chinese dictionary.
A. /, a B. a, the C. the, an
( ) 5. ---- My brother is playing _____ basketball while my sister is playing ______ piano.
A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the
( ) 6. My grandparents often stay at ________ home at ________ weekends.
A. /, the B. /, / C. the, the
( ) 7. --- What would you like for ________ breakfast, Mr. Fang
--- Three pieces of bread with ________ cup of black tea, please.
A. a, a B. /, the C. /, a
( ) 8. David Smith, ________ of Russian at Tsinghua University, said that he was one of the youngest winners of the prize.
A. professor B. a professor C. the professor
( ) 9. --- I spent all my money because I stayed in _____ most expensive hotel in the city. --- Why didn’t you choose ________ cheaper one
A. a, the B. the, a C. the, /
( ) 10. Mrs. Liu lived in ________ but she went into ________ once a week to buy food and other things for the house.
A. country, town B. the country, the town C. the country, town
( ) 11. This is ________ interesting story and it is also ________ moving one.
A. an, an B. an, the C. an, a
( ) 12. Some people are still in ________ habit of writing in ________ public places.
A. the, the B. /, / C. the, /
( ) 13. Young men prefer going by ________ plane to going in ________ ship.
A./, a B. the, a C. /, the
( ) 14. ________ long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it.
A. What B. What a C. How
( ) 15. People like to see films on ________ TV instead of going to ________ cinema.
A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /
( ) 16. ______ Smiths are going to the park this Sunday. Why don’t we go for ______walk
A. A, a B. An, / C. The, a
( ) 17. ________ China is ________ old country with ________ long history.
A. The, an, a B. /, an, a C. /, an, the
( ) 18. I will have ________ supper with ________ Blacks in the restaurant this weekend.
A. the, the B. the, / C. /, the
( ) 19. There’s going to be ________ interesting American film on ________ night of
August 4th.
A. an, the B. an, a C. a, the
( ) 20. ________ little girl making faces is ________ Australian.
A. The, an B. A, an C. A, /
Key: 1-5: ACACC 6-10: BCABC 11-15: CCACB 16-20: CBCAA
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