高三英语外研版标准教案 第一讲 冠词与代词

个性化教学辅导教案
学生姓名 年 级 学 科
上课时间 教师姓名
课 题 专题一 冠词与代词
教学目标 具体语境中冠词的使用；冠词类指和特指的用法；冠词在固定搭配中的使用，习惯用法；掌握代词的基本用法，人称代词，物主代词以及反身代词的用法，尤其是it的用法。能够把冠词的相关知识运用于语法填空和短文改错。
教学过程
Ⅰ.必修一Unit1-2词汇与派生upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的；vt.使不安，使心烦→be upset ________.../that...难过；不高兴；失望calm vt.&vi.(使)平静，(使)镇定；adj.平静的；镇静的，沉着的→calm(...)________(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来series n．连续；系列→a series ________一连串的；一系列；一套dusk n．黄昏；傍晚→________ dusk在黄昏settle vi.安家；定居; 停留；vt. 使定居; 安排; 解决→settle ________定居下来；(使某人)安静下来，平静下来suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffer ________遭受；患病recover vi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recover ________...从……中康复，恢复常态pack vi. & vt.捆扎；包装；打行李；n.小包；包裹→pack (sth.) ________将(东西)装箱打包grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的→be grateful ________ sb. ________ sth.因某事感激某人swap vt.交换→swap A ________ B把A换成B，用B替换A n．航行；航海→journey n．(尤指长途)旅行；行程native adj.本国的；本地的；n.本国人；本地人→be native 产于某地的，土生土长的，当地的base vt.以……为根据；n.基部；基础；基地→base... ...以……为基础/根据；建立在……基础上latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→ latter后者command n. & vt.命令；指令；掌握→be sb.’s command听候某人的吩咐，服从某人的支配request n. & vt.请求；要求→ sb.’s request按照某人的要求/请求recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognize sb./sth. ...承认某人/物是……ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→________ adj.无知的，愚昧的；不了解的concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；n.担心；关注；(利害)关系→________ adj.担心的，忧虑的；感兴趣的；关注的→________ prep.关于；涉及loose adj.松的；松开的→________ vt.使放松；变松outdoors adv.在户外；在野外→________ adj.户外的，室外的entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→________ adv.完全地；整个地；全然地power n．能力；力量；权力→________ adj.有权势的；有影响力的dusty adj.积满灰尘的→________ n．灰尘，尘土teenager n．十几岁的青少年→________ n．[pl.]十几岁exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→________ adj.准确的，精确的disagree vi.不同意→________ vi.同意tip n．提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费→________ vt.倾斜；翻倒official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→ n．办公室；办公楼；办事处；政府部门；重要职位actually adv.事实上；实际上→ adj.真实的；实际的gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→ adv.逐渐地；逐步地spelling n．拼写；拼法→ vt.拼写identity n．本身；本体；身份→ vt.确认；认出；鉴定fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→ adv.流利地；流畅地frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→ adv.常常地；频繁地usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→ vt.使用→ adj.有用的，有益的straight adv.直接；挺直；adj.直的；正直的；笔直的→ vt.(使)变直，变正block n．街区；块；木块；石块→ vt.堵塞，阻塞；妨碍；堵住一、单句语法填空。This is _______ useful book. I've read it for _______ hour.Are you going to do it _______ second time There was _______time when I hated to go to _______school.Many people are still in _______ habit of writing silly things in ________ public places..I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused______. But she refused.Although he's wealthy, he spends ______ on clothes.I just wonder what ________is that makes him so excited.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _______ contained any useful suggestions.二、单句改错。At a very beginning, I choose a play and actors. You can’t consider him a honest man. In China, children usually start school at an age of seven. It is necessary for the teachers to add the art to their teachings. Knowing is one thing; doing is other. He drove too fast, and the police stopped her and handed him a ticket.I’m very sorry about all the whole thing.They need other two people to complete this work.Part I: 基础梳理一、不定冠词的用法 泛指某个或某类人或物，或指未曾提到的、对方不熟悉的人或物。 I was born in a small village in Shandong Province. 用在转化为可数名词、表示具体意义的抽象名词前。 The party held last weekend was a great success. 表示“一”或“每一”概念。 He went to hospital to attend his sick father three times a week.Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up ________ meat processing factory of his own one day.中国梦”是一个提升人们幸福感的梦想，是一个和谐、和平与发展的梦想。 That day I didn't learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! 二、定冠词的用法 特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。 What a pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize! 用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。 Many of the injured are still in a serious condition. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。 I paid a visit to the Turners last week. 用在方位名词、西洋乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。 the east 东部　　　　play the piano 弹钢琴 the universe 宇宙 the moon 月亮 用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only，very(恰好是)，same 前。 It's the first time that I have been to China. 用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”中。 take sb.by the arm 拉着某人的胳膊 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall. 用在表示世纪、年代的词前。 The book was published in the 1980s.定冠词用法口诀特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。Tell Me Why Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with satisfaction.找到票的那个人为自己的成功露出了高兴的微笑。 Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.三、零冠词的用法 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指或类指时。 By getting close to nature，you can really get refreshed. 名词前已有限定词时。 His car is much more expensive than mine. 表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科、季节、年、月等的名词前。 He has milk and bread for breakfast every day. 独一无二的头衔和职位名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。 Mr.Smith was elected president of our school. 系动词turn后作表语的可数名词单数前。 Tom has turned(＝become a)professional player. 表示交通方式的“by＋名词”中的名词前。 He goes to work every day by taxi.零冠词用法口诀代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数。学科交通三餐饭，季节星期月份前。棋类球类阶级前，称呼习语和头衔。Tell Me Why 单句改错How are you Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you.I told him I could not go to the college because I did not want to study anymore.所有的学科中，我最喜欢物理。 Part II: 智力飞跃一、冠词的活用 转化为可数名词的不可数名词前可用不定冠词。 He received a good education. 不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词或零冠词。 Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity. 不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。 They have a second house in the country. knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding等一些由动词转化而来的抽象名词后接of...时，前面用不定冠词。 He has a good knowledge of English. 独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。 a full moon 一轮满月　 表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词或表示特定含义时可用不定冠词。 I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown. 专有名词前若有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。 We are looking forward to seeing a new Beijing.Tell Me Why I woke up with________bad headache, yet by________evening the pain had gone。He missed ________ gold in the high jump, but will get ________ second chance in the long jump.冠词的固定搭配一些短语中使用不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词都是固定的，常考的有：have a gift for 有……的天赋go on a diet 节食at a loss 茫然all of a sudden 突然at the moment目前on second thoughts 继而一想come first 排名第一out of fashion不时尚的by force 通过武力on board 在船/飞机上on the one hand...，on the other hand一方面……，另一方面有无冠词的区别go to church 去做礼拜go to the church 去教堂take place 发生take the place of 代替out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能in front of 在……(外部)的前面in the front of 在……(内部)的前面in possession of 拥有in the possession of 为……所拥有Anything else Part I: 基础梳理一、代词的分类用来代替名词或起名词作用的词、短语、分句或句子的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。分类代　词人称代词主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，they宾格：me，you，him，her，it，us，them物主代词形容词性：my，your，his，her，its，our，their名词性：mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs反身代词myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，yourselves，themselves，ourselves指示代词this，that，these，those，such，so 不定代词one，some，any，each，none，all，both，neither，either，other，another，no，many，much，(a)few，(a)little，something，anything，nothing，everything相互代词each other，one another疑问代词who，whom，whose，which，whatwhoever，whichever，whatever连接代词who，whom，whose，which，whatwhoever，whichever，whatever关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as (连接代词、关系代词的考查见并列句和复合句部分)Tell Me Why My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with ________(it) choking smog.A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's ________(I)二、常考代词的用法 both，all，either，any，neither，none，no one指代范围代词用法例句两者both意为“两者都”，是对两者的肯定He is good at both English and French.either意为“(两者中)任一个”，表示二选一You can take either of the pictures，whichever you like.neither意为“都不”，是对两者的否定It was a game in which neither team would win.三者或三者以上all意为“全部”，指代或修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词All are happy to know the news.any意为“任何一个”，指代或修饰可数名词单数或不可数名词Phone me any day next week.none意为“全无，没有一点”，指代可数名词复数或不可数名词We had three cats once but none(of them)is alive now.指物或人，其后可接表示范围的of...回答how many/how much的提问—How many of you have been to the Great Wall —None.no one意为“没有人”，只指人No one knows the answer.其后不接表示范围的of...回答who的提问 other，another两者都意为“另一个”。other适用于两者的范围；another适用于三者或三者以上的范围。代词用法例句other与定冠词连用后独立使用，或修饰可数名词单、复数，修饰可数名词复数时相当于the othersDon't cut in when others speak.直接修饰名词，修饰可数名词复数时相当于othersanother独立使用或修饰可数名词单数We still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers后接大于一的基数词或接few后再接可数名词复数 something，anything，everything，nothing代词用法例句something意为“某事，某物”，用在肯定句或表示建议、请求并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中I have something important to tell him.anything意为“某事物”，用在否定句或疑问句中Do you want anything from the shops 意为“任何事物”，用在肯定句中He is always helping people without expecting anything in return.everything意为“每件事物，所有事物”，强调整体，用在否定句中，表示部分否定Do you have everything ready for the party，Mary nothing意为“没有任何东西，没有事”，表示全部否定If there is nothing to do，I wonder if I can ask for a leave. it/they/them，that/those，one/ones代词用法it/they/them指代上文提到的同一事物，复数用they/themthat/thosethat特指同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词，只指物，通常有范围限定复数those相当于the ones，只指可数名词复数，可指人，也可指物one/ones泛指同类异物的可数名词单数用one，复数用ones There is a tall tree in front of the house and it is about 500 years old. The weather here is much better than that in Beijing. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog.I happened to have witnessed one this morning.Tell Me Why Niki is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge.She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.No doubt money plays an important role in our daily life, but it does not mean nothing.两个人的脸色都变了，一个变红了，一个变白了。 Part II: 智力飞跃1. 代词it的灵活运用 指代时间、距离、天气等自然现象 It is just five o’clock now. 性别或身份不明或被认为不重要的人或物 —Who is that gentleman —It's my friend Tom.He wants to see you.(不可用It，因为此时身份已明确) 未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况 —I'm sorry to have broken your cup. —It doesn't matter. 作形式主语或形式宾语 It is said that he has gone abroad to receive further study. I find it very useful to remember plenty of English idioms. 用于强调结构it没有具体意义，可强调除谓语动词外的成分。其基本句型为：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that(被强调的部分是人或物)/who(被强调的部分是人)＋其他．.. It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night. 在一些固定结构中make it 成功了get it 懂了put it 说了Take it easy.别紧张。can't help it 无能为力ask for it 自寻麻烦，自找苦吃You said it.一点不错mean it 说话算数call it a day 今天就到此结束，收工appreciate it if 如果……不胜感激see to it that 务必……count on it that 相信……when it comes to 一谈到……；就……而论Tell Me Why All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove ________.I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.2. such的用法 such代替或修饰可数与不可数名词都可 a. He is such a man. b. I don’t like such words. c. Such is our plan. such应位于no, one, another, some, many, all等词之后 a. One such grammar book is enough. such + a(n) + adj. + n结构等同于so + adj. + a(n) + n, 如: a. It is such a good chance. =It is so good a chance. 如果名词为[U], 则只能用such而不能用so, 如: a. He has made such great progress. b. It was such good weather. 如果名词被many / much / little / few四个词修饰, 则要用so而不用such, 如: a. He has made so much progress.3. The same的用法 the same =同样(的), 可以作定语, 表语, 主语和宾语 a. They left for Beijing on the same day. b. He will go to swim and I’ll do the same. c. Whether he will come or not, it is all the same to me.Tell Me Why I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn't seem to think such.This is such interesting a film that I have seen it twice.He told us so an amazing story that we all lost in it. tired was I that I went to bed so early.一、单句语法填空。Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. ________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.On my recent visit, I held a lively three month old twin that had been rejected by ________( it )mother.Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.A smile costs ________, but gives much.In some countries，people eat with chopsticks, while in________, knives and forks.二、单句改错。But in that case, we will learn little about world.Tony saw a toy in a shop window. A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My uncles all came along with bows and arrows for hunting. Neither of the arrows hit the target.冠词解题技巧：语法填空：五种基本句型模式不定冠词+可数名词单不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单定冠词+定语+名词+of等介词短语定冠词+定语+名词+定语从句定冠词+定语+名词+不定式短语或者分词短语短文改错看-看所修饰的名词是否可数；看名词的读音；查-检查后面的词是不是形容词比较级或者最高级；顾-回顾上下文，看上文是否以及提及；定-定下冠词。代词解题技巧：1. 语法填空定。人称代词主格+谓语；形容物代+名词；动词+人称代词宾格/反身代词/不定代词/名物代。理。确定被替代的对象的适用范围是两者还是多者、表示否定意义还是肯定意义、是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果是可数名词，还要分辨是单数还是复数。2. 短文改错析。分析句子成分，看句中主语或宾语是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主语，则需要添加人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可以添加人称代词宾格；如果宾语和主语指同一个人，则应用反身代词。查。看名词前是否需要代词。如果名词前需要代词，则需要添加形容词性物主代词。读。通过上下文的语境检查代词指代是否一致。固定搭配。中文词语中有很多正着念倒着也能念的词，诸如：蜜蜂——蜂蜜；刷牙——牙刷。但你们造么？英文中也有很多类似的单词：Are 阿雷地区 ---- era 时代 but 但是---- tub 盆live 生活 ---- God 上帝 ---- pool 水池----- loop 环 tool 工具 ---- loot 赃物meet 会面---- teem 充满，涌现not 不---- ton 吨on 开---- no 不pan 平底锅 ---- nap 小睡part 部分---- trap 陷阱pets 宠物 ---- pots 壶 ---- stop 停止rail 铁轨 ---- liar 说谎者raw 生的 ---- saw 锯 ---- was 是（is过去式）ten 十---- net 网tops 顶 ---- spot 点Can you guess 【考例1】 The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.Q: What were the people asked to do in the study A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers’ faces细节理解题解题技巧：三大法宝： 顺序原则、定位词、排除法。Founded in 1764 by French traders, St.Louis today is the fifteenth largest urban area in the USA. There are many attractive destinations for tourists. American Kennel Club Museum of the Dog Dog lovers who visit St.Louis won't want to miss this 14,000 square foot museum. Inside are over 500 paintings, watercolors, and a variety of other dog art objects.The museum is open all the year round Tuesday through Saturday 10 a．m. to 4 p．m., and Sunday 1 p．m. to 4 p．m. Admission is $5 for adults, $2.50 for students, and $1 for children up to 10.Anheuser Busch BreweryThe Anheuser Busch Brewery tour is not just for beer lovers. The tour includes the historic Brew House, where visitors can enjoy how beer is made. Then the tour continues to the modern Bevo Packaging Plant. The best will be the Budweiser Clydesdale Stables. The tours are always free.Gateway ArchDesigned by Eero Saarinen and Hannskarl Bandel, it took over two years and 900 tons of stainless steel to build. It is the tallest of the country's national monuments. The arch is part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. About one million people per year come to the top of the arch, where there is an observation platform providing a great view of the city.St. Louis ZooFirst version of the St. Louis Zoo opened in 1904 at the St. Louis World's Fair, but in the century it has grown into one of the foremost zoos in the world. The Zooline Railroad, a passenger train takes visitors around the zoo, which contains over 9,000 animals of over 800 species.The zoo is open every day but Christmas and New Year's Day, with summer hours of 8 a. m. to 7 p. m., and the rest of the year of 9 a. m. to 5. p. m. Admission to the zoo is free.1. Which of the following can you visit if you are interested in how to make beer American Kennel Club Museum of the Dog.Anheuser Busch Brewery.St.Louis Zoo.Gateway Arch.2. What can we know about the Gateway Arch from the passage It was made of stones.President Jefferson was buried there.You can see the city clearly on the top of the arch.It was built in two years.语法填空When you take a walk in any of __1__ cities in the west, you often see a lot of people walking with dogs. __2__ is still true that the dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world. But the reasons why people keep __3__ dog have changed. In the old days, people used to train dogs to protect __4__ against the attacks by other beasts. And later they came to realize that the dog was not only useful but willing to obey __5__ master. For example, when people used dogs for __6__ (hunt), the dogs would not eat what they caught without permission. But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. Why do they keep dogs, then Some people keep dogs __7__ (protect)themselves from robbery, but __8__ most important reason is for companionship. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play __9__; for young couples, a dog is their child when they have no children. So the __10__(mainly)reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship.短文改错Dear Jerry,I'm glad to receive your letter ask me what I'd like to be in the future. To be the honest, I have dreamed of becoming a doctor since I was nine. I hurt one of my leg one day, which made me feel that I would not be able to walk any more. Unluckily, I was able to leave my bed a month later thanks to a doctor, who was very friendly and careful. He gave me courage I needed to recover. Besides, while in hospital, I see many sick people. Since then I've decided to be the doctor so that I can work for the people who are sick and in need my help. I believe my dream will be come true one day if I study hard now.Yours, Luo Wei
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